Iet Circuits Devices & Systems最新文献

The swift progression of electric vehicles (EVs) presents significant prospects for the enhanced integration of sustainable energy in the automotive industry. The installation technique and cost-effectiveness of on-board chargers (OBCs) have contributed to their increasing popularity as a feasible option for EVs. Moreover, there exists a growing demand within the automotive sector regarding bidirectional power flow solutions owing to the capacity of EVs to supply electricity to the electrical network. A crucial and integral component of the OBC is the dual active bridge (DAB) (an isolated bidirectional direct current [DC]–DC converter) satisfying the bidirectional power flow. The key aim of this work is to emphasize the essential role of the DAB within the realm of power electronic converters utilized in EVs. This paper introduces an analytical methodology for evaluating power losses and energy efficiency in a single-phase DAB. The validity of this approach is determined through a comparison between the computed energy efficiency and the empirical data obtained from a closed loop PI controlled 2.6 kW DAB model. The research article furthermore presents an analysis of leakage inductance on the efficiency and phase shift saturation in the empirical model. Subsequent comparative study evaluates the key properties of the paper, such as overall efficiency and settling time, across different loads. This inquiry offers valuable insights into the actual performance of these systems by a comparative analysis of simulation findings and real-world data obtained from hardware-based experiments.

An ultra-low power fully integrated CMOS current-mode amplitude shift keying (ASK) demodulator for radio frequency identification (RFID) transponders is presented. The proposed ASK demodulator performs signal shaping and amplification in the current domain to achieve higher power efficiency. Owing to a DC elimination technique, the employed current amplifier only amplifies the AC content of the envelope signal resulting in a significant reduction of power consumption. A feedforward correction method is also introduced to match the baseline of the amplified envelope signal with the threshold level of the output buffer, preserving the uniformity of data symbols. The proposed ASK demodulator is implemented in a standard 0.18 µm CMOS process consuming about 5.4 µW. A modulation index of 4% and a data rate of 800 Kbps is supported by the proposed demodulator which fully complies with international standards for passive RF communication.

The utilization of on-board chargers (OBCs) in electric vehicle (EV) has become increasing prevalent due to their configuration and cost-efficiency in the context of installation. Furthermore, the automobile industry is increasingly showing interest in bidirectional power flow because of the EV’s ability to provide energy back to the network. The paper presents an analytical method for designing the crucial elements of dual active bridge (DAB) with single-phase shift (SPS) modulation control. By comparing the estimated energy efficiency characteristics with measurements from a prototype 90-W single-phase DAB converter fitted with silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs, the robustness of this approach is exemplified and loss, and efficiency comparison analysis is carried out with conventional switching devices. Furthermore, this study presents a closed-loop voltage controller that effectively regulates the output voltage in the presence of significant variations in both the input line and load conditions. Finally, a comparison analysis is undertaken to evaluate important factors such as overall efficiency and settling time across different load circumstances. This analysis provides substantial perspectives toward the actual functionality of these systems through contrasts of simulation results with hardware-based results from the real world.

A compact harmonic tuning network (HTN) using a composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) is introduced. The CRLH TL offers purely imaginary harmonic load impedances, as it essentially functions as a one-port circuit at the harmonic frequencies, owing to a harmonics trap filter. In comparison to conventional HTNs based on microstrip line (MSL) or hybrid MSL and CRLH TL technologies, the proposed HTN features remarkable compactness while accommodating various operating classes of amplifiers. As a proof of concept, a 2-GHz 10-W gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) power amplifier (PA) was fabricated, demonstrating drain efficiency of 84.6% and power added efficiency (PAE) of 78.4%. The novel HTN is expected to find applications in PAs for transmitter systems, where high efficiency and a minimal circuit footprint are of paramount importance.

Approximate computing is commonly employed in applications where accuracy is not crucial and aims to enhance circuit performance when inaccurate results are not challenging. The multipliers are power-hungry, and their approximation has been the target of research, especially by using approximate counters. In this study, a low-power and high-speed approximate 4 : 2 counter is proposed to add partial product (PP) bits. Also, a new partial product generation (PPG) is introduced by inserting errors in Karnaugh’s map to reduce the circuit complexity. The counter and PPG make a new radix-4-based 8 × 8 Booth multiplier, which is synthesized targeting a 32-nm carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET) technology to determine the hardware characteristics. Looking at the normalized mean error distance (NMED), the multiplier has a 51.33% power–delay product (PDP) saving and acceptable accuracy. Besides, the multiplier which is configured by the counter and PPG accomplishes a 28.31% savings in the PDP × NMED in comparison with other approximate Booth multipliers. The case study of joint photographic experts group (JPEG) compression is performed, and the proposed multiplier outperforms references by higher quality results along with lower power consumption.

The localization of electromagnetic radiation leakage through cabin gaps is a critical and challenging aspect of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design for spacecraft with complex electromagnetic environments. This paper proposes a localization method based on synthetic aperture interferometric passive radiometry imaging. Electromagnetic radiation signals are measured at a certain distance from the spacecraft surface to form visibility samples. A Fourier transform pair between the visibility sample and the corrected brightness temperature for electromagnetic radiation leakage is established. The spacecraft surface electromagnetic leakage location image is obtained through the inverse Fourier transform. A sparse sampling method based on ant colony optimization was proposed to improve testing efficiency. The impacts of various factors, including positional parameters, positioning accuracy of the test antenna, scanning parameters, and measurement receiver amplitude/phase errors on the imaging results are analyzed. Experiments were conducted on a 1 m × 1 m × 1 m cabin with 51 holes on one surface, and the algorithm proposed in this paper was validated to effectively image and locate electromagnetic leakage points at different frequencies. The effectiveness of sparse sampling was also verified, with a localization accuracy of 90.2% and a testing time savings of 81.9%.

In the last decade, with the development of the electric vehicle industry and their acceptance in human societies, the participation plan of electric vehicles in supplying the load of the network has been taken into consideration. One of the requirements of this plan is the optimal location of the stations for these vehicles in the network so that they play an effective role in the operation of the network. In this regard, along with the construction of charging and discharging stations for electric vehicles, the construction of renewable sources in the network can play a complementary role for these stations. In this paper, the effect of using renewable resources as a supplement for smart charging stations and the placement of these stations to achieve technical and economic goals have been investigated. In order to manage the demand on the side of consumers and even out the load curve, the time of use mechanism as one of the demand response programs has been considered in this study. In this research, the improved nondominant sorting genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem, and the results of the proposed method are also compared with the conventional genetic and particle swarm optimization algorithms. All the simulations have been done in the MATLAB software and on the IEEE 33-bus network. Based on the obtained results, after the implementation of the proposed plan in the distribution network, the objective functions of the loss, voltage drop, and the total cost have been reduced by 13.6%, 58.7%, and 54.4%, respectively, compared to the base conditions of the network.

Wireless communication network in robotic telesurgery can be a huge advantage to smart healthcare systems that allows the surgeon to perform surgery on remote patients utilizing a surgical robot. It enables the surgical robotic manipulator to replicate the natural hand motions of the surgeon, allowing it to carry out operations with greater acuity and dexterity. This paper addresses the development of an intelligent controller to assure the safe functioning of a telesurgical robotic manipulator. The intelligent optimized, adaptive, and learning-based adaptive neuro-fuzzy fractional order sliding mode control (ANFFOSMC) controller is proposed to attain dexterity and acuity of the surgical manipulator for surgical interventions. The proposed controller for telesurgical system exhibits superior accuracy and performance compared to conventional controllers, as evidenced by reduced root mean square error (RMSE), integral squared error (ISE), and integral absolute error (IAE). The performance of the robot is evaluated using performance indices in the occurrence of uncertainties and external disturbances.

The spin transfer tunnel magnetic tunnel junction (STT-MTJ) has been widely used in computers, memory, and other fields because of its nonvolatility, low power consumption, and high capacity for integration, attracting significant attention in recent years. Building an accurate and efficient magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) behavior model is necessary to accurately describe the physical changes caused by variations in external excitation and guide the design and optimization of magnetic random access memory (MRAM). In this paper, we construct a multiphysical field dynamic behavior model of a perpendicular STT-MTJ, introducing temperature and frequency effects based on the Landau–Lifshitiz–Gilbert–Slinbczewski (LLGS) equation and a macro model. Compared with the LLGS model, our model simplifies the calculation of the tunneling current and shortens the simulation time by ~40%. Compared with the macro model, ours model can more accurately reflect the dynamic physical changes in magnetoresistance under a small signal and transient excitation. Simulation modeling and experimental comparison verify the temperature and frequency dependencies of the model. Our model provides guiding significance for the design, application, and research of MTJ devices’ electromagnetic compatibility characteristics.

In this contribution, a chaos-based microcontroller electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition-security-transmission system is proposed. It is designed based on a Novel 4Wings-4D Chaotic Oscillator (N4W4DCO) with a hyperbolic sine nonlinearity unbalanced. The classical nonlinear dynamics tools, such as 2D bifurcation and the highest Lyapunov exponent curves, basins of attraction, and power spectral density, help us see that the proposed chaotic oscillator generates periodic oscillations, intermittency + crisis routes to chaos, transient chaos, and the coexistence of 4/2 wings attractors just to name a few dynamics. The data generated using highly chaotic regime are tested using the well-known NIST TEST -800-22 Rev A and the results passed the test successfully. The N4W4DCO oscillator is embedded in an Arduino microcontroller where the discovered interesting dynamics are confirmed. A low-cost ECG acquisition circuit with an AD8232 ECG sensor is also designed and experimented. ECG signals are acquired and directly loaded into MATLAB-Simulink and are successfully encrypted with random data from the N4W4DCO in its chaos regime. The scrambled ECG signals from experiment are sent through an added white gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and thereafter received and decrypted. These results are promising and open the possibility of improving secure telemedicine transmission systems.