Gematologiya I Transfuziologiya最新文献

The examination of peripheral blood lymphocytes from persons exposed to low-dose radiation after the Chernobyl accident demonstrated that the exposure to radiation at the time of the accident and further living in the contaminated territory entail a significant increase in the number of cells with a large thick nucleus and scare cytoplasm. Such morphological picture may be attributed to stable adaptation typical for persistent activation of the general adaptation syndrome and is explained by adaptation-stress relations.

A new method of taking out of storage is offered for red cells cryopreserved in the presence of low-concentration glycerin (15-20%) in relatively low temperature (-38 +/- 2 degrees C) and in liquid nitrogen. The new approach implies washing of erythrocytes not immediately after thawing but just before the transfusion. The delay in thawed erythrocytes washing warrants their safety and functional capacity throughout 3-week storage at + 4 degrees C after cryopreservation at -38 +/- 2 degrees C and within 2 weeks after freezing in liquid nitrogen.

Immune deficiency epidemiological survey covered adult population of the town of Vyshkov in the Bryansk region of Russia referred to the zone of radionuclide contamination hazard after the Chernobyl accident. A total of 3892 subjects were examined for the leading immunopathological syndromes (infectious, allergic atopic, autoimmune, lymphoproliferative) according to a specially devised technique developed in the Research Institute of Immunology in Moscow. Immune deficiency risk group made up 10.25% which is much higher than relevant value for control rural population of the southern Urals exposed to low-dose radiation and of polluted region in the East Siberia. The quantitative analysis indicated more frequent occurrence of infectious and lymphoproliferative syndromes of immune deficiency in the absence of radiation-related allergic diseases in the town of Vyshkov.

Red cell functional and structural characteristics were studied in 146 patients with chronic alcoholism (CA) stage II, 47 workers of hydrolysis plant exposed to ethyl alcohol inhalations (risk group) and 100 healthy controls (male blood donors). It was found that CA patients and risk group subjects have similar changes in the erythron system, though in alcoholics these were much more pronounced: elevated count of red cells, blood hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, increased mean size of red cells and intensity of 24-h erythropoiesis in reduced red cell survival. Scanning electron microscopy revealed abnormal surface architectonics of red cells. Insulin-deposition and insulin-transport functions of the latter were also impaired. The evidence obtained may prove useful for specification of of risk groups and somatic diseases at various alcoholism stages.

Cryopreservation of red cell mass at -75-80 degrees C as concentrates warrants its prolonged storage (up to 1.5 years) in functional condition and transfusion without centrifugation. The above cryoconcentrates are resistant to temperature fluctuations and keep morphologically and functionally safe in response to a temperature rise to -32 degrees C (transportation simulation). Transport freezers efficient for frozen erythrocytes transportation have been tested.

In response to correction of lethal and sublethal blood loss with excessive quantities of donor blood two types of cardiovascular adverse reactions may occur immediately after transfusion: either increased or decreased minute blood volume. This conclusion was made after 65 dog experiments on hemodynamics and blood gases. Though the absolute value of cardiac output changes differently in both cases there are signs of oxygen insufficiency.

The occurrence of opportunistic bacteria isolated from hematological inpatients with pyo-inflammatory complications and strain affiliation of these bacteria were investigated. Gram-negative and gram-positive agents made up 51.9 and 48.1%, respectively, of the 1699 bacterial strains obtained from 814 patients. Klebsiella, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus strains were able to produce LT-enterotoxin showing weak enterohemolytic activity, were sensitive to gentamicin and claforan and insensitive to carbenicillin, ampicillin, oxacilin, tetracycline, erythromycin.

Outcomes of urgent laparoscopy performed in 31 patients with various hematological diseases were favourable in spite of serious condition of the patients and apparent hemorrhagic syndrome. No laparoscopy-related complications were registered. Due to endoscopic investigation surgical intervention was rejected as unjustified in half of the examinees, 11 operations were performed just in time. Diagnostic difficulties in acute abdominal conditions requiring surgery and indications to laparoscopy in suspected perforations, peritonitis, acute appendicitis, hemorrhages are detailed.

The experiments on mice exposed to radiation (6.5 Gy, LD 80/30) discovered that human recombinant interleukin-1 beta after administration on postradiation hour 1-3 increased the animals' survival by 40-70%. Interleukin-1 beta reduced leukopenia and enhanced the recovery of bone marrow cell elements. The use of the preparation as an early pathogenetic treatment of irradiation damage holds promise.