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A model of the adaptive reuse process of heritage buildings: Validation on four cases in the Netherlands 遗产建筑适应性再利用过程模型:荷兰四个案例的验证
IF 3.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2024.101252
Fatemeh Hedieh Arfa, Barbara Lubelli, Wido Quist, Hielkje Zijlstra

Adaptive reuse (AR) of heritage buildings is a complex process involving many stakeholders with different ambitions. Recently, a theoretical model has been proposed to facilitate this process. However, the validation of this model and investigation of the nexus between process steps, methods/tools used by architects, and the effectiveness of projects are still lacking. This paper aims to validate the model by examining four AR projects in the Netherlands, considered effective as winners of a prestigious architectural prize. The research methods included literature reviews, case visits, and interviews with architects and other stakeholders. The model was refined, and methods/tools used by architects in the process steps were identified, highlighting their link with the effectiveness of results.

文物建筑的适应性再利用(AR)是一个复杂的过程,涉及到许多具有不同抱负的利益相关者。最近,有人提出了一个理论模型来促进这一过程。然而,目前仍缺乏对该模型的验证,以及对流程步骤、建筑师使用的方法/工具和项目效果之间关系的调查。本文旨在通过考察荷兰的四个 AR 项目来验证该模型,这些项目被认为是有效的,因为它们是著名建筑奖的获奖者。研究方法包括文献综述、案例考察以及对建筑师和其他利益相关者的访谈。对模型进行了完善,并确定了建筑师在流程步骤中使用的方法/工具,强调了这些方法/工具与成果有效性之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond boundaries: Charting the future of Design Studies 超越界限:描绘设计研究的未来
IF 3.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2024.101251
Cara Wrigley
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引用次数: 0
A technical democracy design experiment: Making the UK exam algorithm controversy game 技术民主设计实验:让英国考试算法争议成为游戏
IF 3.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2024.101245
Teresa Swist, Kalervo N. Gulson, Claire Benn, Kirsty Kitto, Simon Knight, Vincent Zhang

Algorithmic system controversies are increasingly issues of concern for diverse publics plus a growing design challenge. For example, the 2020 UK exam controversy sparked wide-spread public debate about the role of algorithms in regard to not only student grading systems, but also the design of automated systems in the public sector. In light of this particular controversy, our study introduces a technical democracy design experiment to examine algorithmic system controversies. We propose an iterative, collaborative design process specific to the study of algorithmic systems which informs our collaborative making of the UK exam algorithm game: a prototype to explore controversies, generate design things, deliberate ethical tensions, and spark thought collectives. This socio-technical acts of contestation model offers a novel and adaptable tool to interrupt public sector design possibilities in two key ways: first, to expand collective learning and experimentation about the political design of algorithmic system controversies; and, second, to support agonistic design thinging about emerging technologies associated with high stakes decision-making across society.

算法系统的争议越来越多地成为不同公众关注的问题,同时也是一项日益严峻的设计挑战。例如,2020 年英国考试的争议不仅引发了公众对算法在学生评分系统中作用的广泛讨论,也引发了公众对公共部门自动化系统设计的广泛讨论。鉴于这一特殊的争议,我们的研究引入了技术民主设计实验来研究算法系统争议。我们提出了一个迭代、协作的设计过程,专门用于研究算法系统,为我们协作制作英国考试算法游戏提供了参考:一个探索争议、产生设计事物、斟酌伦理紧张关系和激发思想集体的原型。这种社会-技术争论行为模式提供了一种新颖的、适应性强的工具,以两种关键方式中断公共部门设计的可能性:第一,扩大关于算法系统争议的政治设计的集体学习和实验;第二,支持与全社会高风险决策相关的新兴技术的对抗性设计。
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引用次数: 0
Design capability when visioning for transitions: A case study of a new food system 设计过渡愿景时的设计能力:新粮食系统案例研究
IF 3.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2024.101246
Hannah M. Goss, Nynke Tromp, Hendrik N.J. Schifferstein

In recent years, more designers have been engaging in transitions, for which design expertise is used to develop visions of long-term desirable futures. However, little is known about how design expertise is positioned in transition visioning processes. In this case study, we follow a design agency in envisioning a future food system for a consortium working on the food transition. Based on our findings, we unpack several tensions that emerge between the transition context and design expertise. Such as the tension for designers to explore alternative futures that challenge the current system yet support stakeholders in seeing their place in the future. We conclude by reflecting on avenues for methodological development to optimally position design expertise for visioning in transitions.

近年来,越来越多的设计师参与到过渡时期的工作中来,他们利用设计专业知识来制定长期理想未来的愿景。然而,人们对设计专长在转型愿景过程中的定位却知之甚少。在本案例研究中,我们跟随一家设计机构,为一个致力于粮食转型的联合体设想未来的粮食系统。根据我们的研究结果,我们揭示了转型背景与设计专长之间出现的几种紧张关系。例如,设计师在探索替代性未来的过程中,既要挑战现有体系,又要支持利益相关者看到他们在未来中的位置。最后,我们对方法论发展的途径进行了反思,以便为过渡时期的愿景设计提供最佳的专业定位。
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引用次数: 0
Functional activity and connectivity during ideation in professional product design engineers 专业产品设计工程师在构思过程中的功能活动和连通性
IF 3.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2024.101247
Gerard Campbell, Laura Hay, Sam Gilbert, Chris McTeague , Damien Coyle , Madeleine Grealy

In product design engineering, ideation involves producing ideas for new products that fulfil functional requirements. Ideation is associated with activity in multiple regions across the brain. However, knowledge about how these regions interact is limited. In an fMRI study of professional product design engineers (n = 30), we examined neural regions activated during ideation compared with three control conditions (rest, working memory and visuospatial processing). Using Psychophysiological Interactions analysis, we identified increased functional connectivity between five regions of interest and other areas. This included functional coupling between regions of the executive control and salience networks, and the default mode and visual networks. Connectivity between the lingual gyrus and cerebellum also suggests an interplay of visual and motor imagery during ideation.

在产品设计工程中,构思包括为满足功能要求的新产品提出想法。构思与大脑多个区域的活动有关。然而,有关这些区域如何相互作用的知识却很有限。在一项针对专业产品设计工程师(n = 30)的 fMRI 研究中,我们对构思过程中激活的神经区域与三种对照条件(休息、工作记忆和视觉空间处理)进行了比较。通过心理生理学交互分析,我们发现五个感兴趣区域与其他区域之间的功能连接性增强。这包括执行控制和显著性网络区域之间的功能耦合,以及默认模式和视觉网络之间的功能耦合。舌回和小脑之间的连接也表明,在意念过程中,视觉和运动意象之间存在相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring game design approaches through conversations with designers 通过与设计师对话探索游戏设计方法
IF 3.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2024.101253
Laura Cormio, Catia Giaconi, Maura Mengoni, Tommaso Santilli

This paper explores game designers' attitudes and praxis through a Grounded Theory analysis of data collected from interviews with 11 game design professionals. The aim of the research is to investigate and map possible shared approaches and strategies. The study presents a theoretical framework based on the core category “Balancing permanence and change”. Designers appear to build and maintain elements of stability, and contemporarily ensure the process’ flexibility and adaptability to possible constraints through collaborative approaches and iterative methods. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of game design practices and provide a theoretical framework for interpreting designers' choices. Future research should assess the adaptability of the framework across game genres and cultural backgrounds of designers.

本文通过对 11 位游戏设计专业人士的访谈数据进行基础理论分析,探讨了游戏设计师的态度和实践。研究的目的是调查和绘制可能的共同方法和策略。本研究提出了一个基于核心范畴 "平衡永恒与变化 "的理论框架。设计师们似乎既要建立和保持稳定要素,又要通过协作方式和迭代方法确保过程的灵活性和适应性,以应对可能出现的制约因素。研究结果有助于加深对游戏设计实践的理解,并为解释设计师的选择提供了一个理论框架。未来的研究应评估该框架在不同游戏类型和设计师文化背景下的适应性。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding virtual design behaviors: A large-scale analysis of the design process in Virtual Reality 了解虚拟设计行为:虚拟现实设计过程的大规模分析
IF 3.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2023.101237
Portia Wang, Mark R. Miller, Eugy Han, Cyan DeVeaux, Jeremy N. Bailenson

Virtual Reality (VR) is an emerging medium with consequences for studying design processes. In VR, users can design using direct manipulation and move both by walking and using their hands in the physical world and beyond physical spaces using abstract movement such as teleportation. However, research examining VR design processes remains limited.

In this work, we present a large-scale analysis of 730 VR designs from 254 students. We built models of VR design processes, selecting features based on previous theoretical and empirical research. By examining these models at scale, we analyzed design behaviors and their relationship with the context and final design. This research provides a tool for describing VR design processes and highlights broader implications for designers and educators.

虚拟现实(VR)是一种新兴媒介,对研究设计过程具有重要意义。在 VR 中,用户可以通过直接操作进行设计,既可以在物理世界中通过行走和双手进行移动,也可以在物理空间之外通过瞬移等抽象运动进行移动。在这项工作中,我们对 254 名学生的 730 个 VR 设计作品进行了大规模分析。我们建立了 VR 设计流程模型,并根据以往的理论和实证研究选择了一些特征。通过大规模检查这些模型,我们分析了设计行为及其与情境和最终设计之间的关系。这项研究为描述 VR 设计过程提供了一个工具,并为设计者和教育者强调了更广泛的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Probing metaphors in user narratives to inform design process 探究用户叙述中的隐喻,为设计过程提供信息
IF 3.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2024.101238
Elif Sen Himaki, Ozge Merzali Celikoglu, Klaus Krippendorff

This study explores how metaphors from users' worlds can be incorporated into design to facilitate user-centred design processes. Through a two-stage data generation process and following qualitative content analyses, we investigate how designers utilise user metaphors in idea generation. For data generation, we collected narratives rich in metaphors from a particular user group and asked 13 designers to make sense of these narratives through metaphor analysis. As a result, we identified useful user metaphor categories, how designers engage with them, and their correlation with particular design outcomes. Our findings reveal that employing metaphor analysis empowers designers to gain an in depth understanding of user perceptions and behaviours, and supports their idea generation processes towards enhancing user experiences in diverse ways.

本研究探讨了如何将来自用户世界的隐喻融入设计中,以促进以用户为中心的设计过程。通过两个阶段的数据生成过程和定性内容分析,我们研究了设计师如何在创意生成过程中利用用户隐喻。在数据生成过程中,我们收集了来自特定用户群体的富含隐喻的叙述,并要求 13 位设计师通过隐喻分析来理解这些叙述。结果,我们确定了有用的用户隐喻类别、设计师如何使用这些隐喻以及它们与特定设计结果之间的相关性。我们的研究结果表明,运用隐喻分析可以帮助设计师深入了解用户的感知和行为,并支持他们的创意生成过程,从而以不同的方式提升用户体验。
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引用次数: 0
Co-designing conversational agents: A comprehensive review and recommendations for best practices 共同设计会话代理:对最佳实践的全面审查和建议
IF 3.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2023.101230
Malak Sadek, Rafael A. Calvo, Céline Mougenot

This paper presents a comprehensive review of fifty-two studies co-designing conversational agents (CAs). Its objectives are to synthesise prior CA co-design efforts and provide actionable recommendations for future endeavours in CA co-design. The review systematically evaluates studies' methodological and contextual aspects, revealing trends and limitations. These insights converge into practical recommendations for co-designing CAs, including (1) selecting the most suitable design technique aligned with desired CA outcomes, (2) advocating continuous stakeholder involvement throughout the design process, and (3) emphasising the elicitation and embodiment of stakeholder values to ensure CA designs align with their perspectives. This paper contributes to standardising and enhancing co-design practices, promising to improve the quality of outcomes in the case of CAs while benefiting stakeholders and users.

本文对52项共同设计会话代理的研究进行了综述。其目标是综合以前的CA协同设计工作,并为CA协同设计的未来工作提供可操作的建议。该评论系统地评估了研究的方法和背景方面,揭示了趋势和局限性。这些见解汇聚成共同设计CA的实用建议,包括(1)选择与期望CA结果相一致的最合适的设计技术,(2)倡导在整个设计过程中持续参与利益相关者,以及(3)强调利益相关者价值观的启发和体现,以确保CA设计符合他们的观点。本文有助于标准化和加强协同设计实践,承诺在使利益相关者和用户受益的同时提高ca情况下的结果质量。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding inspiration: Insights into how designers discover inspirational stimuli using an AI-enabled platform 理解灵感:了解设计师如何使用支持ai的平台发现鼓舞人心的刺激
IF 3.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.destud.2023.101202
Elisa Kwon, Vivek Rao, Kosa Goucher-Lambert

Throughout the design process, designers encounter diverse stimuli that influence their work. This influence is particularly notable during idea generation processes that are augmented by novel design support tools that assist in inspiration discovery. However, fundamental questions remain regarding why and how interactions afforded by these tools impact design behaviors. This work explores how designers search for inspirational stimuli using an AI-enabled multi-modal search platform, which supports queries by text and non-text-based inputs. Student and professional designers completed a think-aloud design exploration task using this platform to search for stimuli to inspire idea generation. We identify expertise and search modality as factors influencing design exploration, including the frequency and framing of searches, and the evaluation and utility of search results.

在整个设计过程中,设计师会遇到影响他们工作的各种刺激。这种影响在创意产生过程中尤为显著,而这种过程会被有助于灵感发现的新颖设计支持工具所增强。然而,关于这些工具提供的交互为何以及如何影响设计行为的基本问题仍然存在。这项工作探讨了设计师如何使用支持人工智能的多模态搜索平台搜索鼓舞人心的刺激,该平台支持文本和非文本输入的查询。学生和专业设计师使用这个平台完成了一项思考设计探索任务,以寻找激发灵感的刺激。我们将专业知识和搜索方式确定为影响设计探索的因素,包括搜索的频率和框架,以及搜索结果的评估和效用。
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引用次数: 1
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Design Studies
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