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Impoliteness in the Talk Show Catatan Demokrasi on YouTube TvOne YouTube TvOne 上脱口秀节目《Catatan Demokrasi》中的无礼行为
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.12.5
Kusnul Khotimah, ✉. Sumarlam, FX. Sawardi
Catatan Demokrasi has a unique color in its use of language. In this talk show, two different camps are presented to discuss current issues. From these two camps, there will be differences of opinion that trigger the emergence of forms of language impoliteness. The use of language impoliteness in the event occurs spontaneously and naturally so that the utterances that appear occur naturally. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the most common impoliteness strategy in the data source, namely the bald on record impoliteness strategy. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data sources in this study are 9 videos of the talk show Catatan Demokrasi downloaded from Youtube TvOne. The data of this research are the utterances in the videos that contain language impoliteness, especially the bald on record impoliteness strategy. The data were collected using the listening method with the download technique and the note-taking technique. The data were analyzed using the pragmatic pairing method and contextual analysis method. The conclusion of this analysis is that the use of language impoliteness is mostly found in the data source. The most widely used strategy is the bald on record strategy. Of the 9 themes that have been studied, the strategy of impoliteness bald on record is the most widely used, and the substrategy of expressing annoyance is the most dominant. This strategy tends to be used by speakers who have power, so it is very potential to attack the face of speech partners. In addition, the factor that influences the emergence of the impoliteness strategy is the desire of the speaker, who deliberately does not want to keep the face of the speech partner caused of a conflict of interest.
Catatan Demokrasi 在语言运用上有着独特的色彩。在这档脱口秀节目中,会有两个不同的阵营来讨论当前的问题。在这两个阵营中,会出现意见分歧,从而引发各种形式的语言失礼。在事件中,语言无礼的使用是自发、自然地发生的,因此出现的语句也是自然而然的。本研究的目的是描述和分析数据源中最常见的无礼策略,即秃头记录无礼策略。本研究采用的研究方法是描述性定性研究。本研究的数据来源于从 Youtube TvOne 下载的 9 个脱口秀节目 Catatan Demokrasi 的视频。本研究的数据是视频中包含无礼语言的语句,尤其是秃头记录无礼策略。数据收集采用了下载技术和笔记技术的听力法。数据分析采用了语用配对法和语境分析法。分析得出的结论是,语言无礼的使用主要出现在数据源中。使用最多的策略是秃头记录策略。在所研究的 9 个主题中,"记录在案 "这一无礼策略是使用最广泛的,而表达恼怒的子策略是最主要的。这种策略往往被有实力的说话者使用,因此很有可能攻击说话伙伴的面子。此外,影响无礼策略出现的因素还有说话人的意愿,即说话人因利益冲突而故意不想保住说话对象的面子。
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引用次数: 0
A Translation and Analysis of ʾAbd al-Jabbār Ibn Ḥamdīs’ Poem No. 110: “Qaḍat al-Nafs” 阿卜杜勒-贾巴尔-伊本-哈姆迪斯的第 110 首诗:"Qaḍat al-Nafs" 的翻译与分析
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.12.2
Khaled M. Shuqair
In this paper, I undertake a complete translation of Ibn Ḥamdīs’ poem No.110 “Qaḍat al-Nafs” and provide a structural analysis in order to demonstrate that the poem in its entirety is structured through a succession of related metaphors that lends unity and organization to the speaker’s experience.  Though Ibn Ḥamdīs is committed to the canon of classical Arabic poetry in the division of the poem into three canonical segments of the classical qasīda (physical decay and the loss of youth, the wine song and the nostalgic feelings for a lost homeland), I argue that these segments are not loosely structured but built upon a succession of related and resonating metaphors that lends unity and coherence to the speaker’s experience.  The poem can also be read as an autobiographical document in which Ibn Ḥamdīs records his own tragedy as an exile and the tragedy of Muslim Sicily and Arabic culture. Having led a very active life in his youth, the persona is now old, frequenting taverns and indulging himself in merry making in an attempt to recapture youth.  However, the speaker’s attempt is overwhelmed by the tragic awareness that his action is futile; youth cannot be regained.  This realization is intensified by the feeling that Sicily, the speaker’s birthplace and the setting of his youth, is also lost forever.  Regaining his “paradise” is as impossible as regaining his youth.  Old age and the great sense of loss make him turn to God with a penitent attitude.
在本文中,我完整地翻译了伊本-阿姆丁斯的第 110 号诗歌 "Qaḍat al-Nafs",并进行了结构分析,以证明整首诗歌是通过一系列相关的隐喻构成的,这些隐喻使说话者的经历具有统一性和组织性。 虽然伊本-哈姆迪斯将这首诗分为古典 qasīda 诗歌的三个经典部分(身体的衰败和青春的消逝、酒歌和对失去的故乡的怀念之情),是对古典阿拉伯诗歌经典的继承,但我认为这些部分的结构并不松散,而是建立在一系列相关的、能引起共鸣的隐喻之上,使说话者的经历具有统一性和连贯性。 这首诗也可以被解读为伊本-哈姆迪斯的自传体文献,他在其中记录了自己作为流亡者的悲剧以及穆斯林西西里和阿拉伯文化的悲剧。他年轻时的生活非常活跃,如今年事已高,经常出入酒馆,沉溺于欢乐,试图重拾青春。 然而,演讲者的这一尝试却被他的行为徒劳无益的悲剧意识所淹没;青春是无法重获的。 西西里岛是演讲者的出生地,也是他的青春背景,但他也永远失去了这个地方。 重获 "天堂 "就像重获青春一样不可能。 年老和巨大的失落感使他以忏悔的态度向上帝求助。
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引用次数: 0
Qur’an’s Characteristics: Review of Literature 古兰经》的特点:文献综述
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.12.6
Mohamed Elalami
This paper examines and surveys literature about the characteristics of the Holy Qur’an. This review summarizes both modern and previous researches and studies which aimed to specify and determine why and how the Qur’an is different and difficult to translate. The used sources deal with the issue from different perspectives what have all something to do with translation. The characteristics that the paper discusses lead, automatically, to what we call Qur’an untranslatability and inimitability. The paper does not take anything for granted and examines the sources to check all the characteristics and to analyze the given examples and evidence. The used literature is originally written in English and Arabic. The Arabic sources are translated to make the paper understandable and systemic.
本文对有关《古兰经》特点的文献进行了研究和调查。本综述总结了现代和以往的研究,这些研究旨在明确和确定《古兰经》为何不同以及如何难以翻译。所使用的资料来源从不同角度论述了这一问题,但都与翻译有关。本文讨论的这些特点自动导致了我们所说的《古兰经》的不可译性和不可模仿性。本文没有想当然,而是研究了资料来源,以检查所有特征,并分析所给出的例子和证据。所使用的文献最初是用英语和阿拉伯语撰写的。为了使论文易于理解和系统化,对阿拉伯语资料进行了翻译。
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引用次数: 0
Violations of Grice’s Maxims in Social Media Influencers’ Advertisements 社交媒体影响者广告中违反格莱斯格言的行为
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.12.9
Arwa Alzahrani
This research investigates the violations of Grice’s maxims (1975) in the discourse of Social Media Influencers’ (SMIs’) advertisements. Eight different advertisement videos from Snapchat of eight different SMIs are examined. A program named QDA Mine Lite is used to code the violations and to extract the frequencies of each violation in order to know the most violated maxim. As a result, the most violated maxim is the maxim of quantity, in which it is violated in three instances. The least violated maxims are the maxims of quality and manner in which they are only violated once.
本研究调查了社交媒体影响者(SMIs)广告话语中违反格莱斯格言(1975 年)的情况。研究考察了 Snapchat 中八个不同社交媒体影响者的八个不同广告视频。使用名为 QDA Mine Lite 的程序对违规行为进行编码,并提取每种违规行为的频率,以了解违规最多的格言。结果发现,被违反次数最多的格言是数量格言,其中有三次被违反。被违反最少的格言是质量格言和方式格言,它们只被违反一次。
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引用次数: 0
Tautology in Action: A Study Investigating Arabic Tautological Expressions with Reference to their Translations into English 同义反复:阿拉伯语同义反复表达及其英语翻译研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.12.7
Hana Balhouq, Hamza Ethelb
This research explores the way Arabic tautological expressions are used and translated into English. It aims to highlight the linguistic intricacies underlying their usage in cross-cultural contexts. The data of the study was qualitatively collected by analyzing the translation, structure (syntactically) and meaning (semantically) of 11 Arabic tautological expressions. Those expressions were collected by using a systematic search method to identify posts and comments containing tautological expressions in several social media platforms known for their active Arabic-speaking user base. The findings of the analysis reveal that those tautological expressions in Arabic follow the verb-adverb structure where the verb is followed by an adverb with the same root as the verb in action. Furthermore, translating those expressions depends on various factors, including the specific context, target audience, and desired effect to convey the intended message and cultural implications. The translators need to consider the linguistic and cultural nuances to ensure that the translated expression captures the intended meaning in English.
本研究探讨了阿拉伯语同义反复表达法的使用和翻译成英语的方式。其目的是强调在跨文化语境中使用这些表达方式所蕴含的语言复杂性。本研究通过分析 11 个阿拉伯同义反复表达法的翻译、结构(句法)和意义(语义)收集定性数据。收集这些表达方式的方法是使用系统搜索法,在几个以活跃的阿拉伯语用户群而闻名的社交媒体平台上找出包含同义表达的帖子和评论。分析结果表明,阿拉伯语中的同义表达采用动词-副词结构,即动词后跟一个副词,副词的词根与动词的词根相同。此外,翻译这些表达取决于各种因素,包括具体语境、目标受众、传达预期信息的预期效果以及文化内涵。译者需要考虑语言和文化上的细微差别,以确保翻译后的表达能用英语表达出想要表达的意思。
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引用次数: 0
A Cognitive Approach to Metaphor Translation in Children’s Literary Discourse: The Case of Romeo and Juliet 儿童文学话语中隐喻翻译的认知方法:罗密欧与朱丽叶》案例
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.12.1
Hasnaa Chakir
Metaphor as a concept has traditionally been viewed as a literary device through which writers can hold readers’ interest. However, recent evidence suggests that metaphors can go well beyond their rhetorical function and can be examined from a cognitive standpoint. This study uses a cognitive approach to metaphor translation in children’s literary discourse, with a reference to Romeo and Juliet, and its translations into Arabic. Specifically, the study attempts to explore the ways in which metaphors are presented to the Arabic reader, taking into consideration the way English and Arabic cultures and languages conceptualize experiences and notions. The paper argues that the use of metaphors presents a challenge for Arab translators because the transfer from one language and culture to another one is hampered by linguistic and cultural differences; the difficulty of translating metaphor is also due to the differences that exist between children’s and adults’ understanding of metaphors. In this article, I describe an exploratory study that investigates the ways in which Moroccan elementary school children perceive metaphors. The results indicate that Moroccan elementary school children tend to misinterpret metaphors because they use different cultural references when attempting to interpret them. The findings also reveal hat comprehension of metaphors involves the transfer of knowledge from one conceptual domain to another, which depends largely on the cognitive development of the child.
隐喻作为一个概念,历来被视为一种文学手段,作家可以通过它来吸引读者的兴趣。然而,最近的证据表明,隐喻可以远远超出其修辞功能,可以从认知的角度进行研究。本研究以《罗密欧与朱丽叶》及其阿拉伯语译本为参照,采用认知方法研究儿童文学话语中的隐喻翻译。具体而言,本研究试图探讨隐喻呈现给阿拉伯语读者的方式,同时考虑到英语和阿拉伯语文化及语言对经验和概念的概念化方式。本文认为,隐喻的使用给阿拉伯语译者带来了挑战,因为从一种语言和文化到另一种语言和文化的转换受到语言和文化差异的阻碍;隐喻翻译的困难还在于儿童和成人对隐喻的理解存在差异。在本文中,我描述了一项探索性研究,调查摩洛哥小学生感知隐喻的方式。研究结果表明,摩洛哥小学生往往会误解隐喻,因为他们在尝试解释隐喻时使用了不同的文化参照。研究结果还显示,对隐喻的理解涉及将知识从一个概念领域转移到另一个概念领域,这在很大程度上取决于儿童的认知发展。
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引用次数: 0
The Evolution of Empirical Research in Translation Studies: From Cognitive Insights to AI-Enhanced Horizons 翻译研究中实证研究的演变:从认知洞察到人工智能增强视野
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.12.8
Yazid Abdulrahman AL ISMAIL
This comprehensive essay traces the evolution and significance of empirical research in translation studies, from its nascent stages in the late 1970s to contemporary advancements. Beginning with foundational work such as that of Baddeley and Hitch in 1974, this paper chronicles key milestones such as Harris and Sherwood’s insights into natural translation, Hans-Peter Krings’s pioneering exploration of translators’ cognitive processes using Think Aloud Protocols (TAPs), and the intersection of cognitive science with translation. As the narrative unfolds, the potential of Artificial Intelligence and modern technological tools is also discussed, suggesting new horizons for understanding the intricate cognitive processes in translation. The essay concludes by emphasizing the imperative of future research at the nexus of human cognition, traditional translation practices, and modern AI technologies, signaling a bright trajectory for the field of translation studies in the era of technological advancements.
这篇综合性论文追溯了翻译研究中实证研究的演变和意义,从 20 世纪 70 年代末的萌芽阶段到当代的进步。从 1974 年 Baddeley 和 Hitch 等人的奠基性工作开始,本文记录了一些重要的里程碑,如 Harris 和 Sherwood 对自然翻译的见解、Hans-Peter Krings 利用 "大声思考协议"(TAPs)对译者认知过程的开创性探索,以及认知科学与翻译的交汇。随着叙述的展开,文章还讨论了人工智能和现代技术工具的潜力,为理解翻译中错综复杂的认知过程提出了新的视角。文章最后强调了未来在人类认知、传统翻译实践和现代人工智能技术之间开展研究的必要性,预示着翻译研究领域在技术进步时代的光明前景。
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引用次数: 0
Embosi Definiteness: A Semantic Account Embosi Definiteness:语义解释
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.12.4
Kiba Ngapoula
The contribution broaches the semantic analysis of definite description in Embosi, a Bantu language spoken in the Republic of Congo. The work is carried out through the meaning theories of reference and sense, and it also aims at providing promotion and documentation of this Bantu language. The analysis demonstrates that demonstratives are the primary means of expressing Embosi definite descriptions, aside from proper nouns and possessives. The study reveals that Embosi definiteness, semantically, encodes uniqueness with the existence of one and only one entity meeting the noun phrase description and inclusiveness with the totality of entities concerned with the depiction. The analysis also shows that the context-independent approach of the Embosi definite description does not provide a successful meaning for a felicitous communication; the context of use should be taken into account.
这篇论文探讨了刚果共和国班图语 Embosi 中定语描述的语义分析。这项工作是通过参照和意义理论进行的,其目的也是为了推广和记录这种班图语。分析表明,除了专有名词和拥有词之外,示意词是表达恩博西语定语描述的主要手段。研究表明,恩波西语的定语从语义上讲,具有唯一性,即只有一个实体符合名词短语的描述;具有包容性,即与描述相关的实体的整体性。分析还表明,恩波西定语描述与语境无关的方法并不能提供成功的悦耳交际意义;应考虑使用语境。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural Awareness as a Main Approach to Teaching a Course of Web Customization for Effective Cross-Cultural Communication 将文化意识作为有效跨文化交流网络定制课程教学的主要方法
Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.11.23
Pinfan Zhu
Website customization is an important part of cross-cultural communication.  Its goal is to make an existing website culturally, linguistically, graphically, technically, and rhetorically adapted (customized) to the target audience so that they can read and use it for a practical purpose as if it were originally created for their own use. Web customization places two tasks on cross-cultural communicators: to have a good understanding of the culture of the target country and a good command of its language conventions. They are the guarantee for making a source website well customized and accepted by the target audience. This article explores important cultural elements involved through secondary research or text analysis and worked out guidelines for teaching a course on Website Customization for effective cross-cultural communication. Important findings include that the effectiveness or success of customized websites is directly influenced by the impacts of cultural understanding and awareness. These impacts infiltrate every aspect of communication. The significance of the research is that it points out the aspects where problems easily pop up in web customization and has worked out guidelines for solving these problems, which is a contribution to successful cross-cultural communication.
网站定制是跨文化交流的重要组成部分。 其目的是使现有的网站在文化、语言、图形、技术和修辞上适应(定制)目标受众,使他们能够为实际目的阅读和使用网站,就像网站最初是为他们自己创建的一样。网络定制对跨文化传播者提出了两项任务:充分了解目标国家的文化,熟练掌握目标国家的语言习惯。这两点是做好源网站定制并被目标受众接受的保证。本文通过二手研究或文本分析,探讨了其中涉及的重要文化元素,并制定了网站定制课程的教学指南,以实现有效的跨文化交流。重要发现包括:定制网站的有效性或成功与否直接受到文化理解和意识的影响。这些影响渗透到交流的方方面面。这项研究的意义在于,它指出了在网站定制过程中容易出现问题的方面,并制定了解决这些问题的指导原则,为成功的跨文化交流做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Approach of the Portrayal of the Cultural Identity in Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon and in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart 对托尼-莫里森的《所罗门之歌》和奇努阿-阿契贝的《分崩离析》中文化身份描写的比较研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-26 DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.11.22
Bokotiabato Mokogna Zéphirin, Epounda Mexan Serge, B. M. Ngassaki
The present work aims to compare in detail the depiction of cultural identity inToni Morrison’s Song of Solomon and in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. What is particularly revealing is the different devices these writers use to portray aspects of cultural identity, combining autobiographical material with fiction. In other words, this analysis shines light on the different elements they utilize in defining their identities. In this respect, the success of this analysis requires the use of sociological, historical, psychological, and linguistic approaches. Both authors portray their cultural identities convincingly in their works. On the one hand, Morrison searches his identity for its construction. On the other hand, Achebe, as a representative, presents his identity as a response to Westerners’ false portrayals of Africa, particularly the notion of having no language or culture. The analysis shows that they resort in comparable ways to oral tradition, regarding ancestors as a source of cultural identity, as well as superstitions. It also shows that their use of proverbs in the context of oral tradition is a remarkable fact distinguishing them. Achebe uses them to show the mastery of his language with its existence contrarily to Morrison. Additionally, Pilate in Song of Solomon and Agbala in Things Fall Apart play the same multifarious roles in the matter of cultural identity.
本作品旨在详细比较托尼-莫里森的《所罗门之歌》和奇努阿-阿契贝的《分崩离析》中对文化身份的描述。特别有启发性的是,这两位作家将自传材料与虚构相结合,使用了不同的手法来描绘文化身份的各个方面。换句话说,这一分析揭示了他们在界定自身身份时所使用的不同元素。在这方面,这项分析的成功需要运用社会学、历史学、心理学和语言学的方法。两位作家都在作品中令人信服地描绘了自己的文化身份。一方面,莫里森寻找自己身份的构建。另一方面,作为代表人物的阿切贝则将自己的身份认同作为对西方人对非洲错误描述的回应,尤其是对 "非洲没有语言和文化 "这一概念的回应。分析表明,他们以类似的方式诉诸口头传统,将祖先视为文化身份的来源,同时也诉诸迷信。分析还表明,在口头传统中使用谚语是他们与众不同的显著特点。阿切贝用谚语来显示其语言的精湛,其存在与莫里森相反。此外,《所罗门之歌》中的彼拉多和《分崩离析》中的阿格巴拉在文化认同问题上扮演着同样多重的角色。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation
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