Ecological Modelling最新文献

{"title":"Applications of Markov chains in climate change modelling: A comprehensive review of advances, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Arumugam Raju","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Markov chains have emerged as powerful tools for modelling complex climate systems and their evolution over time. This comprehensive review examines the state-of-the-art applications of Markov chain methods in climate change modelling, highlighting recent advances, ongoing challenges, and promising future directions. We survey how Markov chains are being utilized to capture stochastic processes in climate dynamics, model extreme weather events, and project long-term climate trends. Key areas of progress include the development of nonhomogeneous and higher-order Markov models to better represent nonstationary climate processes, the integration of Markov chains with machine learning techniques for improved predictive power, and the application of hidden Markov models to uncover latent climate states. The challenges discussed include parameter estimation in high-dimensional systems, the ability to handle nonlinear climate dynamics, and the ability to quantify uncertainty in Markov-based projections. In the future, we identify emerging research directions such as the use of quantum Markov chains for modelling quantum effects in climate systems, the development of adaptive Markov models for real-time climate forecasting, and the application of Markov decision processes to climate adaptation strategies. This review synthesizes current knowledge and provides a roadmap for future research, emphasizing the critical role of Markov chain methods in advancing our understanding and prediction of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"514 ","pages":"Article 111470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of dispersal area on the extinction threshold","authors":"Róbert Juhász ,&nbsp;Igor D. Kovács ,&nbsp;Beáta Oborny","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The survival of populations hinges on their ability to offset local extinctions through new colonizations. The dispersal area (<em>A</em>) plays a crucial role in this process, as it determines the probability of finding colonizable vacant sites. We investigated the spatial colonization-extinction dynamics in a lattice model (a contact process), exploring various finite dispersal areas (<em>A</em>) and estimating the extinction threshold <em>λ_E</em>(<em>A</em>). Our results revealed a consistent <em>λ_E</em>(<em>A</em>) relationship, largely independent of lattice geometry (except for the smallest <em>A</em>). This <em>λ_E</em>(<em>A</em>) relationship obeyed universal scaling laws within two broad ranges of <em>A</em>. The scaling relations suggest considerable selection upon the increase of dispersal area, particularly at low <em>A</em> values. We discuss these findings in the broader context of the evolution of dispersal area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"514 ","pages":"Article 111461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling sediment diagenesis processes in a freshwater ecosystem experiencing transient external phosphorus and iron loading","authors":"Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Alex Neumann ,&nbsp;Yasasi Fernando ,&nbsp;Maria Dittrich ,&nbsp;David Depew ,&nbsp;George Arhonditsis","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus (P) control is a widely used strategy for the remediation of impaired eutrophic lakes. However, the severity of eutrophication phenomena may persist well after the reduction of external P loading, which is often attributed to internal subsidies associated with the legacy P stores within the sediments. In this study, we investigated a eutrophic system in western Lake Ontario, the Hamilton Harbour, where both external P and iron (Fe) loading rates have been declining over the course of the past two decades. A sediment diagenesis process-based model was developed and calibrated using sediment profiles from 2016 and historical records of hypolimnion P accumulation rates. Modelling results suggest that transient conditions currently prevail in the harbour’s sediments, as the external P and Fe subsidies into the system shifted from the historically elevated discharge rates to the present lower levels. The model corroborated that high deposition fluxes of Fe oxyhydroxides (FeOOH) and oxidation of ferrous Fe could have been conducive to porewater P immobilization in the past, resulting in minimal internal P loading rates between 1987 and the early 2000s - even during periods of high external P loading - while simultaneously storing large amounts of legacy (primarily Fe-bound) P in the sediments. Notwithstanding the reduced external P inputs, our model analysis showed that internal P loading displayed a sharp increase during the 2010s, which was driven by a diminished capacity of Fe to bind P, compared to levels experienced during the 1990s, and the dissolution-driven release of legacy Fe-bound P. We subsequently conducted a local sensitivity analysis to evaluate the key drivers of internal P loading. The three most sensitive parameters during the simulation period (1987–2016) were the organic matter (OM) deposition flux, FeOOH deposition rate, and dissolved oxygen concentration at the sediment-water interface (SWI). These findings reinforce the importance of sedimentary Fe-P cycling in regulating internal P dynamics in the Hamilton Harbour. The model also examined the evolving role of sulfur (S) suggesting that while S had little effect on the P cycle during the earlier years due to the abundance of Fe oxyhydroxides, its potential influence may have increased over time. These identified trends collectively highlight the growing complexity and potential nonlinearity of Fe-P-S interactions in the sediments of a system under transient loading regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"514 ","pages":"Article 111458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborative strategies for inter-city low-carbon development: integrating cross-game and system dynamics approaches","authors":"Yi Ding ,&nbsp;Jian Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inter-city carbon management requires addressing complex inter-regional dynamics to foster sustainable, low-carbon futures. This study introduces a cross-game framework—an integrated game structure that incorporates both horizontal interactions (between governments or between enterprises) and vertical interactions (between governments and enterprises) within the inter-city carbon emission system. By integrating cross-game dynamics and system dynamics modeling, we simulate carbon emissions evolution, using the Chengdu-Chongqing region—a key carbon-emitting area in China—as a case study. Our findings suggest that traditional corporate self-regulation and government oversight alone are insufficient for achieving low-carbon goals. Instead, achieving a balanced, low-carbon future requires adaptive, cooperative strategies that reflect the unique capacities of each city. Specifically, Chongqing’s government shows relatively lower efficiency in reaching equilibrium compared to Chengdu’s, though its companies exhibit higher flexibility. Cross-regional order shifting profoundly influence inter-regional strategic decisions, contrasting with the limited influence of free-rider benefits. Furthermore, regional government and corporate actions exert weaker, sometimes inverse, effects on other regions. This cross-game model deepens understanding of interactions among carbon-emission agents and offers insights for future strategies to support sustainable, low-carbon collaboration in city clusters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"514 ","pages":"Article 111462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergy-based environmental decision making: H.T. Odum´s heritage for appropriate use of resources and environmental services","authors":"Sergio Ulgiati ,&nbsp;Patrizia Ghisellini ,&nbsp;Yanxin Liu ,&nbsp;Renato Passaro","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Economies still rely on a “user value” concept, i.e. value depends on market competition (demand vs offer) as well as work potential (exergy) within technological and economic processes. Howard Odum´s innovative Emergy concept (Odum, 1994) reverses the assessment, by pointing out that the value of a good or commodity relies on the biosphere´s work to generate and make available (“donor value”) resources and services needed within an economic process. Such an assessment is performed by converting all driving flows of available energy (exergy) into flows of solar equivalent energy (Emergy), in so identifying a new value-assessment currency. This value depends on Nature, not on market. According to this reversed framework, an appropriate evaluation of the sustainability of economic and social processes should take into consideration the renewability of resources within biosphere and therefore their future availability. Odum´s “donor-side” approach is a real innovation in policy-making, in that it includes space and time scales assessments for the evaluation of the value of a resource. Developing and comparing emergy-based economic, environmental and social evaluations of human-dominated and natural processes allows a comprehensive evaluation of costs, performance, resilience and sustainability of individual activities, technologies, regulatory decisions, investments, trade, by means of a unique and comparable currency. The Emergy approach could be a tool for policy makers and stakeholders to realize that a new science-based and nature-based pattern is possible and to figure out how this pattern could be. This study aims at showing the applicability of the emergy approach as policy-making tool by means of case studies in different sectors of society and economics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"513 ","pages":"Article 111435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean acidification in Massachusetts bay and Boston harbor: Insights from a 1-D modeling approach","authors":"Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Changsheng Chen ,&nbsp;Joseph Salisbury ,&nbsp;Siqi Li ,&nbsp;Robert C. Beardsley ,&nbsp;Jackie Motyka","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Massachusetts Bay (MB)/Boston Harbor (BH) in the northeastern United States has reduced buffering capability, making it highly vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). We applied the U.S. Northeast Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Model (NeBEM), integrating the unstructured grid, Finite Volume Community Ocean Model with a modified European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM), to investigate seasonal and interannual OA variability through one-dimensional (1-D) experiments. Objectives were to (a) evaluate model skill in reproducing observed seasonal cycles of OA-related variables, particularly pCO₂ and pH, in shallow and deep regions, and (b) assess sensitivity to parameterizations and algorithms for calculating dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), pCO₂, and pH. The 1-D NeBEM reproduced variability of nutrients, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, pCO₂, and pH at the deep outer bay site, where air-sea interactions dominate, but failed at the shallow inner bay site due to the absence of river discharge-driven advection. Of TA algorithms tested, the semi-diagnostic method best captured observed seasonal pCO₂ variation, achieving the highest correlation and lowest root mean square error, although all methods performed similarly for pH. Comparisons with multi-linear regression methods showed that empirical models are highly sensitive to calibration set. Mechanistic analysis indicated that TA variability is mainly regulated by nitrification and net community production (NCP), while DIC variability is driven primarily by NCP. Atmospheric CO₂ loading was the first-order contributor to DIC change in magnitude. However, it has decreased in MB over the past two decades, in contrast to regional and global trends. Therefore, it is not a major driver of OA progression in this system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"513 ","pages":"Article 111459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling sedimentary cycling with eutrophication severity under transient external phosphorus and iron loading regimes","authors":"Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Alex Neumann ,&nbsp;Maria Dittrich ,&nbsp;Yasasi Fernando ,&nbsp;John Gibson ,&nbsp;Ramin Farnood ,&nbsp;David Depew ,&nbsp;George B. Arhonditsis","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Internal phosphorus (P) loading can profoundly modulate the success of eutrophication mitigation efforts, and its magnitude is strongly influenced by a multitude of external stressors and internal ecosystem mechanisms. Building upon a sediment diagenesis mechanistic model developed for the Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario, Canada (1987–2016), the present study investigates the mechanisms underlying the evolution of internal P loading in response to concurrent reductions in external iron (Fe) and P inputs. Model projections suggest that sediment P release will likely increase and remain relatively high (&gt;4 mg P m^-2 day^-1) for over a decade following the recent external P loading reductions. Specifically, as Fe inputs are also expected to decline, the sedimentary P cycle is projected to gradually decouple from the Fe cycle, owing to a sharp decline in Fe oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) content, which in turn can moderate the sediment retention capacity and may mark a transition from slow to fast diagenetic regime accompanied by enhanced P recycling. To evaluate how projected changes in sedimentary P cycling could affect the water quality in Hamilton Harbour, we examined the joint influence of internal P loading and water exchanges with Lake Ontario on hypolimnetic P accumulation rates. Sustained internal P loading at 4 mg P m^-2 day^-1, under a 30-day residence time, could elevate the late-summer hypolimnetic P concentrations by over 25–30 μg P <span>l</span>^-1. In terms of other facets of water quality, these elevated concentrations will likely have an impact on the epilimnetic phytoplankton biomass levels and may lead to frequent violations of existing delisting targets for the Beneficial Use Impairment (BUI) “Eutrophication or Undesirable Algae”. Alongside the predictions regarding the evolution of internal nutrient loading, our study concludes by discussing the potential role of other external stressors and internal “ecological unknowns” that may determine the degree and timing of restoration of the Hamilton Harbour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"513 ","pages":"Article 111438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling simulation of rice growth and paddy drainage under controlled irrigation and drainage with the ORYZA2000 and DRAINMOD models","authors":"Yan Meng ,&nbsp;Yanmei Yu ,&nbsp;Peng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlled irrigation and drainage technology is a crucial water management method widely implemented in paddy fields in the cold black soil region of northeast China. Understanding the response mechanisms of rice growth and drainage under controlled irrigation and drainage is essential for achieving water conservation, pollution control, emission reduction, and high crop yields. This study conducted rice growth and drainage monitoring experiments and coupling simulations from 2020 to 2021. A combination of field experiments, data analysis, and coupling simulations using the ORYZA2000 (Rice growth simulation model) and DRAINMOD (Field-scale hydrological model) was employed to determine the key parameters for rice growth and drainage. The leaf area index, yield, irrigation and drainage and meteorological parameters were observed during the whole growth period of rice by field plot experiment. The coupling model was developed by linking the executable codes of ORYZA2000 and DRAINMOD using an Excel VBA-host script. Calibration and verification of the coupling model were performed using experimental data under controlled irrigation and drainage. The results indicated that the average simulated yields in 2020 and 2021 were 11,367 and9,900 kg/hm², respectively, while the observed values were 11,158 and 9750 kg/hm², respectively. The simulated values of leaf area index and yield were consistent with the observed values, and the <em>R</em> between the simulated and observed yields was 0.94 in the coupling model verification. The simulated leaf area index and yield were consistent with the observed values, with a correlation coefficient of over 0.90. The total simulated paddy field drainage in 2020 and 2021 were 60.5 and 67.0 mm, respectively, while the total observed values were 54.0 and 59.0 mm, respectively. The values of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for model correction and verification of paddy field drainage were 0.97 and 0.84, respectively. Overall, the coupling model can simulate rice growth and drainage under controlled irrigation and drainage, which addressed the limitations of a single model and enhanced simulation accuracy and reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"513 ","pages":"Article 111453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual variability and persistence of competing species in resource rich environment: an individual-based model","authors":"Janusz Uchmański","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The results of the individual-based model are presented, which show that in resource rich environments we can expect a greater diversity of competing primary consumers species. The condition for this is individual variability in the population of each competitor. The number of competing species that forms a persistent community depends on how large the individual variability is and on the type of resources for which the species compete. When unexploited resources have exponential dynamics, a persistent community composed of less variable competitors can be created than when resources have logistic dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"513 ","pages":"Article 111457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking drivers of heterotrophic N2 fixation across aquatic redox gradients: A mathematical model with bioenergetic and stoichiometric constraints","authors":"Corday R. Selden ,&nbsp;Rebecca A. Everett ,&nbsp;Halvor M. Halvorson ,&nbsp;Megan E. Berberich ,&nbsp;Luca Schenone ,&nbsp;Angela Peace ,&nbsp;Renn Schipper ,&nbsp;Edwin Cruz-Rivera ,&nbsp;James Powell ,&nbsp;Keisuke Inomura ,&nbsp;Robinson W. Fulweiler ,&nbsp;Amy M. Marcarelli ,&nbsp;J. Thad Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N₂ fixation by aquatic organoheterotrophs supplies bioavailable nitrogen to the biosphere and thereby supports ecosystem production; yet the factors which drive this activity are poorly understood. Here, we present a generalized chemostat model to investigate stoichiometric and energetic constraints on free-living heterotrophic diazotrophs across gradients in redox state, resource quantity/quality, and resource stoichiometry. The model couples nutrient uptake and allocation functions to predict elemental fluxes with an energy dissipation model to calculate growth efficiency. After constraining model parameters with relevant culturing (e.g., <em>Azotobacter</em>) and environmental literature, we assessed model sensitivity to these parameters using Latin Hypercube Sampling and the statistical Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient technique. Consistent with the limited observational data available, the results showed energy acquisition and respiratory efficiency as two major controls on N₂ fixation. The model predicted the presence of N₂ fixation under both N-limiting and N-replete conditions, as seen in nature. N₂ fixation under N-replete conditions increased with increasing resource C:N, and was least sensitive to exogenous N under eutrophic conditions with an energy-rich C source. While N₂ fixation under N-replete conditions represented a relatively small (&lt;4 %) contribution to community N demand, absolute rates under these conditions were on par with field observations under N-limitation due to higher overall heterotrophic production rates. Resolving physiological, stoichiometric, and energetic constraints on diazotrophic growth, this model unpacks drivers of N₂ fixation by metabolically diverse heterotrophs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"513 ","pages":"Article 111454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}