A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to quantitatively summarise the association between measures of cognitive abilities (e.g., neuropsychological and clinical measures, and risk assessments with a cognitive component) and violent outcomes. After acknowledging that existing reviews in this area have largely focused on executive functions and specific diagnostic groups only, the review adopted a broader approach, first examining factors which differentiate violent from non-violent offenders (part one), followed by separately analysing the neuropsychological correlates of violence (part two). Forty-two studies were included in the analyses, and 12 individual neuropsychological domains were examined in part one, and five in part two. The findings from this study revealed a large range of effect sizes with wide confidence intervals, highlighting significant heterogeneity due to methodological differences between studies, calling for a consensus to be reached on the neuropsychological risk factors which are most relevant to violence risk, to bring more focus and specificity to the literature. Measures of impulsivity, inattention, and lack of insight boasted significant correlations with prospectively measured violent outcomes, revealing their potential to add a small amount of incremental validity to existing risk assessments.
{"title":"Examining the cognitive contributors to violence risk in forensic samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Sarah Janes , Lindsey Gilling McIntosh , Suzanne O'Rourke , Matthias Schwannauer","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2023.101887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to quantitatively summarise the association between measures of cognitive abilities (e.g., neuropsychological and clinical measures, and risk assessments with a cognitive component) and violent outcomes. After acknowledging that existing reviews in this area have largely focused on executive functions and specific diagnostic groups only, the review adopted a broader approach, first examining factors which differentiate violent from non-violent offenders (part one), followed by separately analysing the neuropsychological correlates of violence (part two). Forty-two studies were included in the analyses, and 12 individual neuropsychological domains were examined in part one, and five in part two. The findings from this study revealed a large range of effect sizes with wide confidence intervals, highlighting significant heterogeneity due to methodological differences between studies, calling for a consensus to be reached on the neuropsychological risk factors which are most relevant to violence risk, to bring more focus and specificity to the literature. Measures of impulsivity, inattention, and lack of insight boasted significant correlations with prospectively measured violent outcomes, revealing their potential to add a small amount of incremental validity to existing risk assessments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50182521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2023.101877
Lara Murvartian , Francisco Javier Saavedra-Macías , Jennifer J. Infanti
Public stigma toward women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) undermines their recovery. However, research on this topic is still recent. This systematic review aimed to analyze the way this stigma was studied, findings from the literature related to or describing public stigmatization that contributed to understanding how it works and existing interventions and recommendations to combat stigma. Searches for peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2021 were conducted in six databases. The articles selected were limited to empirical studies in English, in which participants resided in high-income countries and providing results on IPV public stigma. A total of 29 articles were included. Stigma was normally not the primary focus of the studies, most articles did not draw upon any stigma theoretical model to contextualize their findings and qualitative methodologies predominated. We summarized a series of themes regarding stigma functioning: social norms and perceptions, public stigmatizing reactions and its consequences for victims. Factors such as ethnicity increased or decreased the stigma. Not disclosing the abuse and not looking for help were the most frequently mentioned consequences. Only one intervention and a few strategies to reduce the stigma were identified. Implication of these findings for research and practice were discussed.
{"title":"Public stigma toward women victims of intimate partner violence: A systematic review","authors":"Lara Murvartian , Francisco Javier Saavedra-Macías , Jennifer J. Infanti","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Public stigma toward women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) undermines their recovery. However, research on this topic is still recent. This systematic review aimed to analyze the way this stigma was studied, findings from the literature related to or describing public stigmatization that contributed to understanding how it works and existing interventions and recommendations to combat stigma. Searches for peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2021 were conducted in six databases. The articles selected were limited to empirical studies in English, in which participants resided in high-income countries and providing results on IPV public stigma. A total of 29 articles were included. Stigma was normally not the primary focus of the studies, most articles did not draw upon any stigma theoretical model to contextualize their findings and qualitative methodologies predominated. We summarized a series of themes regarding stigma functioning: social norms and perceptions, public stigmatizing reactions and its consequences for victims. Factors such as ethnicity increased or decreased the stigma. Not disclosing the abuse and not looking for help were the most frequently mentioned consequences. Only one intervention and a few strategies to reduce the stigma were identified. Implication of these findings for research and practice were discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41629944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2023.101860
Ephrem Fernandez
Emotions have been studied largely within an interpersonal context but are now increasingly investigated wthin large scale social problems. This paper reviews key concepts in affective science as applicable to violent ethnic conflict. Beginning with the customary question “what are emotions?”, a cognitive-motivational perspective points to the appraisals and action tendencies inherent in anger and fear, the twin emotions corresponding to fight or flight during violent encounters. Also relevant to violent ethnic conflict are resentment, contempt, sadness, shame, guilt, pride/honor, and remorse. Whether these emotions are (i) situational (state) or dispositional (trait), (ii) felt vs expressed, they have further implications for conflict. Anger, as one example of emotion, can be characterized with reference to five parameters; it can also be represented along six major dimensions of expression, as witnessed interpersonally and intercommunally. A new theoretical position is taken in which violent ethnic conflict is no longer positioned within the primordalist-constructivist dichotomy, but instead is viewed as a function of predisposing factors, precipitating factors, exacerbating factors, perpetuating factors, consequences, and enabling factors. Each of these factors may carry its own cache of emotions that interact with one another over the course of violent ethnic conflict.
{"title":"A framework for understanding emotions in violent ethnic conflicts","authors":"Ephrem Fernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Emotions have been studied largely within an interpersonal context<span> but are now increasingly investigated wthin large scale social problems. This paper reviews key concepts in affective science as applicable to violent ethnic conflict. Beginning with the customary question “what are emotions?”, a cognitive-motivational perspective points to the appraisals and action tendencies inherent in anger and fear, the twin emotions corresponding to fight or flight during violent encounters. Also relevant to violent ethnic conflict are resentment, contempt, sadness, shame, guilt, pride/honor, and remorse. Whether these emotions are (i) situational (state) or dispositional (trait), (ii) felt vs expressed, they have further implications for conflict. Anger, as one example of emotion, can be characterized with reference to five parameters; it can also be represented along six major dimensions of expression, as witnessed interpersonally and intercommunally. A new theoretical position is taken in which violent ethnic conflict is no longer positioned within the primordalist-constructivist </span></span>dichotomy, but instead is viewed as a function of predisposing factors, </span>precipitating factors, exacerbating factors, perpetuating factors, consequences, and enabling factors. Each of these factors may carry its own cache of emotions that interact with one another over the course of violent ethnic conflict.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46507596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2023.101875
Michael Woldemariam , Yilma Woldgabreal
What is the relationship between atrocity denial and emotion in violent ethnic conflict? Atrocity denial is often anchored in instrumental calculations, as it facilitates implicated parties escaping legal and political accountability; yet it is also a phenomenon tethered to personal and mass emotions in important ways. Freud's classic intuition that denial arises from a subconscious desire to suppress painful emotions resonates specifically in the context of atrocity denial, since association with morally reprehensible acts can generate difficult sentiments of shame, guilt, and remorse that perpetrators and their constituents would prefer to avoid. Atrocity denial conventionally understood is thus a defense mechanism, designed to blunt distressing emotions, and its effect on violence is permissive—neutralizing the uncomfortable emotive sentiments that might otherwise constrain conflict in the future.
Using the case of the Ethiopian civil war, we argue that this classic conception of the atrocity denial-emotion nexus misses an important dimension. Atrocity denial blunts certain emotional responses, but appeals to emotion as well, including the very emotions that cause and sustain violent ethnic conflict. Careful analysis of two specific alleged atrocities committed in the course of the war—the Mai Kadra massacre and the ethnic of cleansing of Tigrayans in Western Tigray—and the corresponding denial narratives of the various parties to the conflict, highlight the ways in which emotions such as hatred, fear, and resentment are consistently invoked in denial accounts. Atrocity denial is thus not simply an act of defense via emotional supression, but through emotional appeals, constitutive of political violence itself.
{"title":"Atrocity denial and emotions in the Ethiopian civil war","authors":"Michael Woldemariam , Yilma Woldgabreal","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What is the relationship between atrocity<span> denial and emotion in violent ethnic conflict? Atrocity denial is often anchored in instrumental calculations, as it facilitates implicated parties escaping legal and political accountability; yet it is also a phenomenon tethered to personal and mass emotions in important ways. Freud's classic intuition that denial arises from a subconscious desire to suppress painful emotions resonates specifically in the context of atrocity denial, since association with morally reprehensible acts can generate difficult sentiments of shame, guilt, and remorse that perpetrators and their constituents would prefer to avoid. Atrocity denial conventionally understood is thus a defense mechanism, designed to blunt distressing emotions, and its effect on violence is permissive—neutralizing the uncomfortable emotive sentiments that might otherwise constrain conflict in the future.</span></p><p>Using the case of the Ethiopian civil war, we argue that this classic conception of the atrocity denial-emotion nexus misses an important dimension. Atrocity denial blunts certain emotional responses, but appeals to emotion as well, including the very emotions that cause and sustain violent ethnic conflict. Careful analysis of two specific alleged atrocities committed in the course of the war—the Mai Kadra massacre and the ethnic of cleansing of Tigrayans in Western Tigray—and the corresponding denial narratives of the various parties to the conflict, highlight the ways in which emotions such as hatred, fear, and resentment are consistently invoked in denial accounts. Atrocity denial is thus not simply an act of defense via emotional supression, but through emotional appeals, constitutive of political violence itself.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42961572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2023.101857
Daniel Falla, Carmen Dueñas-Casado, Rosario Ortega-Ruiz
Unjustified aggression in early childhood education has received less scientific attention due to the methodological and ethical difficulties involved in working with children. This limitation has generated a degree of conceptual ambiguity, due to the methodological and procedural diversity employed by researchers. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review on unjustified aggression and victimization in the classroom in early childhood over the last decade. Following the guidelines set by Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), a total of 3905 articles published between 2011 and 2021 were reviewed, which were narrowed down to a final sample of 52 papers that met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated a low scientific production, in which the existing research comes almost exclusively from developed countries, where 57.70 % were carried out with samples of less than 250 participants. A total of 67.31 % of these studies have used teachers' reports to obtain the information, victimization does not feature highly in these studies, and there are few longitudinal studies in this respect. The results are discussed in relation to both the need to reconceptualize the construct and the need to standardize the methodology to obtain more robust data on this interpersonal classroom dynamic in early childhood.
{"title":"Unjustified aggression in early childhood education: A systematic, narrative and conceptual review of the current scientific literature","authors":"Daniel Falla, Carmen Dueñas-Casado, Rosario Ortega-Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unjustified aggression in early childhood education has received less scientific attention due to the methodological and ethical difficulties involved in working with children. This limitation has generated a degree of conceptual ambiguity, due to the methodological and procedural diversity employed by researchers. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review on unjustified aggression and victimization in the classroom in early childhood over the last decade. Following the guidelines set by Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), a total of 3905 articles published between 2011 and 2021 were reviewed, which were narrowed down to a final sample of 52 papers that met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated a low scientific production, in which the existing research comes almost exclusively from developed countries, where 57.70 % were carried out with samples of less than 250 participants. A total of 67.31 % of these studies have used teachers' reports to obtain the information, victimization does not feature highly in these studies, and there are few longitudinal studies in this respect. The results are discussed in relation to both the need to reconceptualize the construct and the need to standardize the methodology to obtain more robust data on this interpersonal classroom dynamic in early childhood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45898232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2023.101856
M. Kim , M. Ellithorpe , S.A. Burt
Digital aggression (DA), or the use of information communication technologies to inflict harm on others, is an emerging public health crisis. Targets of DA experience increased anxiety, depression, aggression, and higher rates of suicidal ideation and attempts. There is thus a clear need to uncover the origins of DA. A handful of studies have identified contextual features that increase DA, most notably anonymity. Critically, however, research in this context has rarely evaluated different aspects of anonymity, specifically technical versus social anonymity or self- versus other-anonymity. It has also frequently relied on potentially problematic self-report assessment techniques. The current paper sought to better understand the role of anonymity in DA with a systematic review of the relevant literature. While the systematic review did highlight a significant relationship between perpetrator self-anonymity and DA, we also uncovered evidence of a more complex and nuanced relationship between anonymity and DA than was expected, including the need to jointly consider positive cyberbullying attitudes and related constructs. Implications for prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing DA are discussed.
{"title":"Anonymity and its role in digital aggression: A systematic review","authors":"M. Kim , M. Ellithorpe , S.A. Burt","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Digital aggression (DA), or the use of information communication technologies to inflict harm on others, is an emerging public health crisis. Targets of DA experience increased anxiety, depression, aggression, and higher rates of suicidal ideation and attempts. There is thus a clear need to uncover the origins of DA. A handful of studies have identified contextual features that increase DA, most notably anonymity. Critically, however, research in this context has rarely evaluated different aspects of anonymity, specifically technical versus social anonymity or self- versus other-anonymity. It has also frequently relied on potentially problematic self-report assessment techniques. The current paper sought to better understand the role of anonymity in DA with a </span>systematic review<span> of the relevant literature. While the systematic review did highlight a significant relationship between perpetrator self-anonymity and DA, we also uncovered evidence of a more complex and nuanced relationship between anonymity and DA than was expected, including the need to jointly consider positive cyberbullying attitudes and related constructs. Implications for prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing DA are discussed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42942174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2023.101876
Andreia Machado , Diana Farinha
Literature highlights that intimate partner violence is a social problem. Although there is a gender asymmetry regarding the prevalence of intimate partner violence (i.e., women as the majority of victims), the global statistics point to a considerable number of men who are victims of violence in heterosexual relationships. Although the negative impact of these victimization experiences is known, the specificities of intimate partner violence against men victims are not. Therefore, this systematic review aims to: 1) identify and systematize empirical evidence about heterosexual men's reasons for staying in violent intimate partner relationships; 2) explore, evaluate and critically discuss the results and limitations of the selected articles. This systematic review was carried out in Web of Science, PsycINFO and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, since 1970 until 2020. The method used was PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis), with the following research equation: “battered men OR husband syndrome AND reasons to stay*”.Results revealed that the reasons to stay of heterosexual men are similar to heterosexual women's and men who are in same sex relationships, highlighting: concern for their children, parenting and fear of losing contact; commitment to the relationship and psychological dependence. The results also emphasizes that there are specificities related to the male role in society that prevent men from leaving their relationships, as well as reasons that are not found in the literature, such as guilt, family pressure, fear of not being believed and threats of suicide by their partner. Finally, these results stressed that there is a clear need of an inclusive approach of IPV and a deconstruction of the myths and social stereotypes associated with the male ideals, both in society and with frontline professionals, in order to contribute to more appropriate intervention and political practices.
{"title":"Men's perceptions of why they stay in intimate partner violent heterosexual relationships: A systematic review","authors":"Andreia Machado , Diana Farinha","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Literature highlights that intimate partner violence is a social problem. Although there is a gender asymmetry regarding the prevalence of intimate partner violence (i.e., women as the majority of victims), the global statistics point to a considerable number of men who are victims of violence in heterosexual relationships. Although the negative impact of these victimization experiences is known, the specificities of intimate partner violence against men victims are not. Therefore, this </span>systematic review aims to: 1) identify and systematize empirical evidence about heterosexual men's reasons for staying in violent intimate partner relationships; 2) explore, evaluate and critically discuss the results and limitations of the selected articles. This systematic review was carried out in </span><em>Web of Science</em>, <em>PsycINFO</em> and <em>Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection</em><span>, since 1970 until 2020. The method used was PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis), with the following research equation: “battered men OR husband syndrome AND reasons to stay*”.Results revealed that the reasons to stay of heterosexual men are similar to heterosexual women's and men who are in same sex relationships, highlighting: concern for their children, parenting and fear of losing contact; commitment to the relationship and psychological dependence. The results also emphasizes that there are specificities related to the male role in society that prevent men from leaving their relationships, as well as reasons that are not found in the literature, such as guilt, family pressure, fear of not being believed and threats of suicide by their partner. Finally, these results stressed that there is a clear need of an inclusive approach of IPV and a deconstruction of the myths and social stereotypes associated with the male ideals, both in society and with frontline professionals, in order to contribute to more appropriate intervention and political practices.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41852665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2023.101855
Cláudia Calaboiça , Diana Moreira , Eduardo Araújo , Helena Grangeia , Cláudia Oliveira , Sofia Barros , Anita Santos
Violence and other criminal behaviors are problems with a high social, economic, and criminal justice impact. Individuals with a history of offending behavior (IHOB) can be found in a range of contexts within the criminal justice system, from prisons to community-based settings. Assessing the risk of recidivism, intervening, and reintegrating IHOB in society is of fundamental importance and the criminal justice contexts play a fundamental role in offering the necessary conditions and services. Rehabilitation programs have proven their efficacy, with better results achieved when programs seek to meet the needs of individuals. Treatment implementation can be troubled by a diversity of barriers ranging from geographical to financial restrictions. In this framework, digital means made it possible to ensure, albeit at a distance, the continuity of interventions and the rehabilitation of individuals and presented itself as an alternative mean that is likely to persist in the forensic context. Therefore, it matters to know which psychological interventions delivered by digital means aimed at IHOB have been implemented and what results have been achieved. To this end, a systematic review was conducted. Searches were performed in the EBSCO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Initially, 1983 records were identified, to which six records were added by manual search. Of the 14 studies included in the review, were identified 4 motivational interventions delivered by digital means, considered effective in promoting behavior change in IHOB. Three cognitive-behavioral approaches were analyzed, and they presented high levels of acceptability and effectiveness. Overall, the programs delivered by digital means reported greater effectiveness, when compared to control groups. Implications for the rehabilitation of IHOB are discussed.
暴力和其他犯罪行为是具有高度社会、经济和刑事司法影响的问题。有犯罪行为史的个人可以在刑事司法系统的各种环境中找到,从监狱到社区环境。评估累犯风险、干预和重新融入社会至关重要,刑事司法环境在提供必要的条件和服务方面发挥着根本作用。康复计划已经证明了其有效性,当计划寻求满足个人需求时,会取得更好的效果。治疗的实施可能会受到各种障碍的困扰,从地理限制到财政限制。在这一框架内,数字手段使确保干预措施的连续性和个人康复成为可能,尽管距离遥远,但它本身是一种可能在法医学背景下持续存在的替代手段。因此,重要的是要知道哪些针对IHOB的数字手段提供的心理干预措施已经实施,以及取得了什么成果。为此,进行了系统审查。在EBSCO、PubMed和Web of Science数据库中进行了搜索。最初,确定了1983条记录,其中通过手动搜索添加了6条记录。在纳入综述的14项研究中,确定了4项通过数字手段提供的动机干预措施,被认为对促进IHOB的行为改变有效。分析了三种认知行为方法,它们具有较高的可接受性和有效性。总体而言,与对照组相比,通过数字方式提供的程序报告了更大的有效性。讨论了对IHOB康复的影响。
{"title":"A systematic review on psychological interventions for individuals with a history of offending behavior delivered by digital means","authors":"Cláudia Calaboiça , Diana Moreira , Eduardo Araújo , Helena Grangeia , Cláudia Oliveira , Sofia Barros , Anita Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Violence and other criminal behaviors are problems with a high social, economic, and criminal justice<span> impact. Individuals with a history of offending behavior (IHOB) can be found in a range of contexts within the criminal justice system, from prisons to community-based settings. Assessing the risk of recidivism<span>, intervening, and reintegrating IHOB in society is of fundamental importance and the criminal justice contexts play a fundamental role in offering the necessary conditions and services. Rehabilitation programs have proven their efficacy, with better results achieved when programs seek to meet the needs of individuals. Treatment implementation can be troubled by a diversity of barriers ranging from geographical to financial restrictions. In this framework, digital means made it possible to ensure, albeit at a distance, the continuity of interventions and the rehabilitation of individuals and presented itself as an alternative mean that is likely to persist in the forensic context. Therefore, it matters to know which psychological interventions delivered by digital means aimed at IHOB have been implemented and what results have been achieved. To this end, a </span></span></span>systematic review was conducted. Searches were performed in the EBSCO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Initially, 1983 records were identified, to which six records were added by manual search. Of the 14 studies included in the review, were identified 4 motivational interventions delivered by digital means, considered effective in promoting behavior change in IHOB. Three cognitive-behavioral approaches were analyzed, and they presented high levels of acceptability and effectiveness. Overall, the programs delivered by digital means reported greater effectiveness, when compared to control groups. Implications for the rehabilitation of IHOB are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47452405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2023.101862
Hannah Brett, Alice Jones Bartoli, Peter K. Smith
Previous research has established that positive sibling relationships can be protective against peer bullying and general family conflicts, as well as improving self-esteem and development, but significantly less attention has been given to the situation when these relationships are not positive, specifically with bullying between siblings. Despite being viewed as a ‘normal’ part of growing up, the consequences of sibling bullying can be as harmful as that of peer bullying, if not more, and it is necessary to understand and address the problem. The current scoping review assesses the existing research on sibling bullying, with attention to what is currently known and what is yet to be understood. Four databases were searched, and 45 papers were identified and synthesised. Much of the literature was conducted in Western countries, with a focus on self-reported protective and risk factors. Moreover, much of the research has identified surface-level characteristics of sibling bullying, with limited explanation for why these issues arise. This scoping review highlights and discusses these findings and provides recommendations for further research.
{"title":"Sibling bullying during childhood: A scoping review","authors":"Hannah Brett, Alice Jones Bartoli, Peter K. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous research has established that positive sibling relationships can be protective against peer bullying and general family conflicts, as well as improving self-esteem and development, but significantly less attention has been given to the situation when these relationships are not positive, specifically with bullying between siblings. Despite being viewed as a ‘normal’ part of growing up, the consequences of sibling bullying can be as harmful as that of peer bullying, if not more, and it is necessary to understand and address the problem. The current scoping review assesses the existing research on sibling bullying, with attention to what is currently known and what is yet to be understood. Four databases were searched, and 45 papers were identified and synthesised. Much of the literature was conducted in Western countries, with a focus on self-reported protective and risk factors. Moreover, much of the research has identified surface-level characteristics of sibling bullying, with limited explanation for why these issues arise. This scoping review highlights and discusses these findings and provides recommendations for further research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42206404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sexual violence is recognized as one of the most serious forms of violence. Assessment of individuals with history of sexual offenses is essential to inform placement decisions (e.g., inpatient or outpatient treatment, foster or residential placement), guide legal dispositions, prevent their offenses, and provide the basis for treatment planning. Insights into the neurobiological characteristics in subtypes of sexual offenses are particularly important both to the advancement of its understanding and guide research clinical efforts. The goal of this systematic review is to synthesize the findings regarding the neurobiological characteristics of individuals who have committed sexual offenses, focusing on the identification of the factors that should be targeted in the assessment of these individuals. Studies related to the topic were obtained from multiple databases, through rigorous exclusion and inclusion criteria. Only empirical studies with quantitative methodologies were included. Aims, methodological aspects (sample and instruments), and main conclusions were extracted from each study. In general, this systematic review found psychophysiological, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological studies, which used neurobiological techniques to evaluate individuals who have committed sexual offenses. A substantial part of the studies examined the neuroimaging profile of individuals who have committed sexual offenses against children with or without pedophilic interests, suggesting anatomical changes and functional deficits. Overall, there is enough evidence to support the link between specific neurobiological characteristics and sexual offenses, with this link being mainly revealed by neuroimaging and endocrinology studies. The knowledge about neurobiological characteristics implicated in sexual offending can help developing more accurate and valid protocols for the evaluation of individuals involved in such offenses, thereby improving diagnosis and treatment.
{"title":"Neurobiological characteristics of individuals who have committed sexual offenses: A systematic review","authors":"Eduarda Ramião , Patrícia Figueiredo , Andreia Azeredo , Diana Moreira , Ricardo Barroso , Fernando Barbosa","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2023.101858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Sexual violence is recognized as one of the most serious forms of violence. Assessment of individuals with history of sexual offenses is essential to inform placement decisions (e.g., inpatient or outpatient treatment, foster or residential placement), guide legal dispositions, prevent their offenses, and provide the basis for treatment planning. Insights into the neurobiological characteristics in subtypes of sexual offenses are particularly important both to the advancement of its understanding and guide </span>research clinical efforts. The goal of this </span>systematic review<span> is to synthesize the findings regarding the neurobiological characteristics of individuals who have committed sexual offenses, focusing on the identification of the factors that should be targeted in the assessment of these individuals. Studies related to the topic were obtained from multiple databases, through rigorous exclusion and inclusion criteria. Only empirical studies with quantitative methodologies were included. Aims, methodological aspects (sample and instruments), and main conclusions were extracted from each study. In general, this systematic review found psychophysiological, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological studies, which used neurobiological techniques to evaluate individuals who have committed sexual offenses. A substantial part of the studies examined the neuroimaging profile of individuals who have committed sexual offenses against children with or without pedophilic interests, suggesting anatomical changes and functional deficits. Overall, there is enough evidence to support the link between specific neurobiological characteristics and sexual offenses, with this link being mainly revealed by neuroimaging and endocrinology studies. The knowledge about neurobiological characteristics implicated in sexual offending can help developing more accurate and valid protocols for the evaluation of individuals involved in such offenses, thereby improving diagnosis and treatment.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44799396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}