DESIGN ISSUES最新文献

英文中文

Industrial Craft in Australia: Oral Histories of Creativity and Survival 澳大利亚的工业工艺：创造力与生存的口述历史

2区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN ISSUES

Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_r_00699

D Wood

The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (2020)1 records 190 “Patternmakers (Wood)” and 2,400 “Patternmakers (Plastics and Metal)” in the whole country. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (2016)2 documents 270 engineering patternmakers, and according to Jesse Adams Stein’s observations, this number may diminish to 180 by the time the 2021 census is published (15). Should the design profession care about one of the smallest occupational groups in manufacturing countries around the world? Indeed, it should. Industrial Craft in Australia joins the growing critical discourse that questions—and illuminates the negative consequences of—the designer’s hegemonic place in design. Stein’s book is based on research and recorded interviews. Topics include class and gender, the demise of patternmaking as a result of advancing technology, and the consequences for individual makers. In line with the argument that patternmaking is a craft, Stein documents the creative practices that existed alongside or subsequent to a career in patternmaking. Photographs assist the narrative, and the writing style is eminently accessible. Stein defines industrial craft as “the confluence of refined manual skill and specialist production knowledge in manufacturing processes,” including “manual processes undertaken in the pre-production stage of manufacturing, and in the hand-finishing stages, after machine production” (2). These skills are normally learned over four years of indentured apprenticeship in an industrial manufacturing facility that specializes in trades, such as fitting and turning, toolmaking, or patternmaking. In addition, the apprentice attends classes in technical education. In the heyday of twentieth-century manufacturing in the West, industrial patternmakers were dedicated to hand-making forms for gears, wheels, bearings, and so on that were molded or cast, in sizes that ranged from railway and mining equipment parts to buckles and bobbins. Traditionally the forms were made from timber, requiring patternmakers to develop woodworking skills that enabled precise depiction of minute detail. It was necessary to have knowledge of timber species along with technical drawing, metallurgy and metal contraction, toolmaking, problem solving, visualization, and production planning. Timber forms were used during the burgeoning of plastic products, some of which were small and finicky, for example, pasta or confectionary molds. As the twentieth century progressed, new materials, like epoxy resin, silicone, fiberglass, polystyrene, and aluminum were added to the patternmaker’s resources. This brief description of patternmaking, elucidated in the book’s initial chapters, is merely didactic, because Stein points out that her book is about pattern makers: “their training, the role of class and gender as a structuring force in their working lives, their creative practices and their evolving relationship to technology and the labour market” (3). Her methodology (biographical oral histo

美国劳工统计局（2020）1记录了全国190名“Patternmakers（Wood）”和2400名“Pattern makers（Plastics and Metal）”。澳大利亚统计局（2016）2记录了270名工程制图师，根据Jesse Adams Stein的观察，到2021年人口普查公布时，这一数字可能会减少到180人（15）。设计行业是否应该关心世界上制造业国家中最小的职业群体之一？事实上，它应该这样做。《澳大利亚的工业工艺》加入了越来越多的批评话语，质疑并阐明了设计师在设计中的霸权地位的负面后果。斯坦因的书是基于研究和录音采访。主题包括阶级和性别，图案制作因技术进步而消亡，以及对个体制作者的影响。与图案制作是一门工艺的观点一致，斯坦因记录了在图案制作职业生涯中或之后存在的创造性实践。照片有助于叙事，写作风格也很容易理解。Stein将工业工艺定义为“制造过程中精细的手工技能和专业生产知识的融合”，包括“在制造的生产前阶段和机器生产后的手工加工阶段进行的手工工艺”（2）。这些技能通常是在专门从事装配和车削、工具制造或图案制造等行业的工业制造厂通过四年的合同学徒期学习的。此外，学徒还参加技术教育课程。在20世纪西方制造业的鼎盛时期，工业模具制造商致力于手工制作齿轮、车轮、轴承等的成型或铸造模具，其尺寸从铁路和采矿设备零件到搭扣和线轴不等。传统上，这些模板是由木材制成的，这需要图案制作者发展木工技能，从而能够精确描绘微小的细节。有必要掌握木材种类的知识，以及技术制图、冶金和金属收缩、工具制造、问题解决、可视化和生产计划。在塑料制品蓬勃发展的过程中，使用了木材模板，其中一些是小而挑剔的，例如意大利面或糖果模具。随着二十世纪的发展，环氧树脂、硅树脂、玻璃纤维、聚苯乙烯和铝等新材料被添加到了制模师的资源中。这本书最初几章中对模式制作的简要描述只是说教，因为斯坦因指出，她的书是关于模式制作者的：“他们的培训，阶级和性别在他们的工作生活中作为结构力量的作用，他们的创造性实践，以及他们与技术和劳动力市场不断发展的关系”（3）。她的方法论（传记口述历史访谈）聚焦于澳大利亚十二位现有和前任模式制定者：十名男性和两名女性，年龄在30岁至80岁之间（18岁）。这使得人们能够反思家庭、培训、车间关系、女性和“可疑”男性的位置、“外国人”的生产3以及图案制作者的技能所产生的创造性渠道。这些故事引人入胜，内容丰富。关于他们职业生涯的技术和就业方面，上述统计数据已经说明了这一行业的存在：主要是男性的劳动力已经被CAD/CAM（计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造）和CNC（计算机数控）机器所取代。一些模具制造商已经适应了计算机驱动的模具制造，另一些则被贬低为完成数控机床无法完成的模具，还有一些

{"title":"Industrial Craft in Australia: Oral Histories of Creativity and Survival","authors":"D Wood","doi":"10.1162/desi_r_00699","DOIUrl":"10.1162/desi_r_00699","url":null,"abstract":"The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (2020)1 records 190 “Patternmakers (Wood)” and 2,400 “Patternmakers (Plastics and Metal)” in the whole country. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (2016)2 documents 270 engineering patternmakers, and according to Jesse Adams Stein’s observations, this number may diminish to 180 by the time the 2021 census is published (15). Should the design profession care about one of the smallest occupational groups in manufacturing countries around the world? Indeed, it should. Industrial Craft in Australia joins the growing critical discourse that questions—and illuminates the negative consequences of—the designer’s hegemonic place in design. Stein’s book is based on research and recorded interviews. Topics include class and gender, the demise of patternmaking as a result of advancing technology, and the consequences for individual makers. In line with the argument that patternmaking is a craft, Stein documents the creative practices that existed alongside or subsequent to a career in patternmaking. Photographs assist the narrative, and the writing style is eminently accessible. Stein defines industrial craft as “the confluence of refined manual skill and specialist production knowledge in manufacturing processes,” including “manual processes undertaken in the pre-production stage of manufacturing, and in the hand-finishing stages, after machine production” (2). These skills are normally learned over four years of indentured apprenticeship in an industrial manufacturing facility that specializes in trades, such as fitting and turning, toolmaking, or patternmaking. In addition, the apprentice attends classes in technical education. In the heyday of twentieth-century manufacturing in the West, industrial patternmakers were dedicated to hand-making forms for gears, wheels, bearings, and so on that were molded or cast, in sizes that ranged from railway and mining equipment parts to buckles and bobbins. Traditionally the forms were made from timber, requiring patternmakers to develop woodworking skills that enabled precise depiction of minute detail. It was necessary to have knowledge of timber species along with technical drawing, metallurgy and metal contraction, toolmaking, problem solving, visualization, and production planning. Timber forms were used during the burgeoning of plastic products, some of which were small and finicky, for example, pasta or confectionary molds. As the twentieth century progressed, new materials, like epoxy resin, silicone, fiberglass, polystyrene, and aluminum were added to the patternmaker’s resources. This brief description of patternmaking, elucidated in the book’s initial chapters, is merely didactic, because Stein points out that her book is about pattern makers: “their training, the role of class and gender as a structuring force in their working lives, their creative practices and their evolving relationship to technology and the labour market” (3). Her methodology (biographical oral histo","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"38 4","pages":"76-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47745380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Issue Mapping Strategy: Process of Discovery, Places of Invention and Design Process Fallacies 问题映射策略：发现过程、发明地点和设计过程谬误

2区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN ISSUES

Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00694

Kaja Tooming Buchanan

In this article I explore the challenges faced in design practice, where the approach to inquiry depends on understanding the context as a whole with all of its interconnected parts, and its successful transformation from one developmental phase to another. The specific goal of this article is to reflect on the meaning behind and the significance of the Issue Mapping Strategy in the exploratory research process of problem finding and discuss challenges encountered in the process of discovery that might lead to invalid topics and thus to design process fallacies. Therefore, this article explores three major areas of concern—places of invention, process of invention and product of invention—where the risk for design process fallacies is greatest. The significance of discovering commonplaces of arguments and the process of reasoning that help to identify issues in problematic situations is discussed and examples are given. The Issue Mapping strategy is useful in all of the cases that focus on problem finding in complex environments and situations of uncertainty in human experience.

摘要在这篇文章中，我探讨了设计实践中面临的挑战，在设计实践中，探究的方法取决于理解整个环境及其所有相互关联的部分，以及它从一个发展阶段到另一个阶段的成功转变。本文的具体目标是在问题发现的探索性研究过程中反思问题映射策略背后的含义和意义，并讨论发现过程中遇到的可能导致无效主题从而设计过程谬误的挑战。因此，本文探讨了三个主要关注领域——发明地点、发明过程和发明产品——其中设计过程谬误的风险最大。讨论了发现论点的共同点和推理过程的重要性，这些共同点和过程有助于在有问题的情况下识别问题，并给出了例子。问题映射策略在所有关注复杂环境和人类经验不确定性情况下的问题发现的情况下都很有用。

引用次数: 1

The Kolam Drawing: A Point Lattice System Kolam绘图:点格系统

2区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN ISSUES

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00690

Anika Sarin

Kolam is the 5,000-year-old art of making geometric floor drawings with rice flour, practiced by the Dravidian women of South India. This article introduces a point lattice-based method of visual organization that is derived from Kolam drawings. In it, a point lattice formed by a regularly spaced array of points is used to structure visual compositions, as an alternative to a network of orthogonal lines (also known as the grid). First, I show how the point lattice system is used to structure Kolam drawing compositions, including the lattice's construction, types, and uses. Second, through a formal analysis of such a points system in structuring forms, patterns, letters, and layouts in graphic design, I show that this system offers a whole alternate universe of compositional possibilities that are not apparent when graphic designers see a grid not as points, but as a series of constraining straight lines. Through this research, I look inward into the design ethos and tools present in Indian arts and crafts and present its application in contemporary design practice.

Kolam是一种有5000年历史的艺术，用米粉绘制几何地板图案，由南印度的德拉威妇女练习。本文介绍了一种基于点格的视觉组织方法，该方法来源于Kolam图纸。其中，由规则间隔的点阵列形成的点晶格用于构建视觉组合，作为正交线网络(也称为网格)的替代方案。首先，我展示了如何使用点阵系统来构建Kolam绘图组合，包括点阵的构造、类型和用途。其次，通过对图形设计中结构形式、图案、字母和布局中的点系统的形式化分析，我展示了这个系统提供了一个完整的组合可能性的替代宇宙，当图形设计师将网格视为一系列约束直线而不是点时，这种可能性并不明显。通过这项研究，我向内看印度工艺美术中的设计精神和工具，并展示其在当代设计实践中的应用。

引用次数: 2

Setting the Stage: Disgust as an Aesthetic Food Experience 设置舞台：味觉作为一种审美的食物体验

2区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN ISSUES

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00689

Mailin Lemke;Bas de Boer

Disgust is commonly understood as an emotion of aversion. However, people seem to eat certain food items not despite containing disgust eliciting features but because of them. In this paper, we introduce the term aesthetic disgust to capture this phenomenon. We outline in our manuscript how designers use different techniques to stage the food experience and facilitate aesthetic disgust, which can be understood as more than just a pleasurable experience. We outline twelve staging techniques used in the context of food design to facilitate a distancing or embracing effect regarding the disgust eliciting features. Three food examples illustrate how these different techniques can be combined and applied in design practice.

厌恶通常被理解为一种厌恶情绪。然而，人们似乎并不是因为某些食物含有令人厌恶的特征而吃这些食物。在本文中，我们引入了审美厌恶一词来捕捉这一现象。我们在手稿中概述了设计师如何使用不同的技术来展示食物体验并促进审美厌恶，这不仅仅是一种愉快的体验。我们概述了在食物设计中使用的十二种阶段性技术，以促进关于引起厌恶的特征的疏远或拥抱效果。三个食品实例说明了如何将这些不同的技术结合起来并应用于设计实践。

引用次数: 2

Pandemic Design: Art, Space, and Embodiment 流行设计:艺术、空间和体现

2区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN ISSUES

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00688

Manol Gueorguiev;Adrian Anagnost

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally altered experiences of space and engendered new spatial design tactics. This article discusses DIY pandemic design tactics used by U.S. microbusinesses to reshape embodied experiences of interior retail spaces, in relation to contemporary artworks. Over the course of the pandemic, large corporations developed standardized, mass-produced designs for pandemic wayfinding and interior demarcation. In contrast, many microbusinesses used DIY pandemic design tactics having formal qualities and phenomenological implications that resemble precedents in contemporary art. Although pandemic safety protocols could be seen as a form of social control, this article depicts their visualization in graphics and barriers as acts for reshaping collective space and as endangered forms of local, non-homogenized design.

COVID-19大流行从根本上改变了空间体验，并产生了新的空间设计策略。本文讨论了美国微型企业运用DIY流行设计策略来重塑与当代艺术品相关的室内零售空间的体现体验。在大流行期间，大公司开发了标准化、批量生产的设计，用于大流行的寻路和内部划分。相比之下，许多微型企业使用的DIY流行设计策略具有正式的品质和现象学含义，类似于当代艺术的先例。虽然流行病安全协议可以被视为一种社会控制形式，但本文将其可视化描述为重塑集体空间的行为和局部非同质化设计的濒危形式。

引用次数: 1

Paper Soldiers on the March: Colonial Toys for Imperial Play 行军中的纸兵：帝国游戏的殖民玩具

2区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN ISSUES

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00691

Diana Garvin

Under the Fascist regime, young Italians amused themselves by practicing the war games of adulthood. Paper soldiers marched across board games set in the newly established empire of Italian East Africa. To reveal how these vicious lessons worked, this article examines three types of toys. It starts with the design and deployment of paper soldiers: Italian Alpinisti, Eritrean Ascari, and Somali Dubat. Next, a playbook for The Conquest of Abyssinia boardgame provides a guide to military conquest. Finally, I examine where these toys come from, revealing the financial structures that underpinned colonial propaganda for Fascist government projects. Ultimately, toys wrote scripts for adult violence in the colonies.

摘要在法西斯政权下，意大利年轻人通过练习成年后的战争游戏来自娱自乐。纸制士兵在以新成立的意大利东非帝国为背景的棋盘游戏中行进。为了揭示这些恶毒的教训是如何起作用的，本文考察了三种类型的玩具。它从纸兵的设计和部署开始：意大利的Alpinisti、厄立特里亚的Ascari和索马里的Dubat。接下来，《征服阿比西尼亚》棋盘游戏的剧本为军事征服提供了指南。最后，我研究了这些玩具的来源，揭示了支持法西斯政府项目的殖民宣传的金融结构。最终，玩具为殖民地的成年人暴力行为编写了剧本。

引用次数: 1

On the Politics of Design Framing Practices 论设计框架实践的政治

2区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN ISSUES

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00692

Sharon Prendeville;Pandora Syperek;Laura Santamaria

In this conceptual article, our aim is to deconstruct the conceptualization of design framing and establish its essentially political nature. It demonstrates the positionality inherent within frames insofar as frames articulate subordinated or dominant status, or express normative understandings until challenged. In doing so, we build a conceptualization of the political foundations of design framing practices and their implications for those contexts within which design operates. Consequently, we argue for dissensual counter-framing design practices that unsettle institutionalized norms and ideologies played out within frames, and through which a form of political agency is sociomaterially enacted.

摘要在这篇概念性文章中，我们的目的是解构设计框架的概念化，并确立其本质上的政治性质。它展示了框架内固有的地位，只要框架阐明了从属或主导地位，或表达了规范性理解，直到受到质疑。在这样做的过程中，我们建立了设计框架实践的政治基础及其对设计运作环境的影响的概念化。因此，我们主张不同的反框架设计实践，这些实践扰乱了框架内的制度化规范和意识形态，并通过这些规范和意识形态形成了一种政治代理形式。

引用次数: 4

Contributors 贡献者

2区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN ISSUES

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_x_00701

引用次数: 0

Molecular Characterization of KRAS Wild-type Tumors in Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. 胰腺腺癌患者 KRAS 野生型肿瘤的分子特征。

IF 1 2区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN ISSUES

Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-3581

Philip A Philip, Ibrahim Azar, Joanne Xiu, Michael J Hall, Andrew Eugene Hendifar, Emil Lou, Jimmy J Hwang, Jun Gong, Rebecca Feldman, Michelle Ellis, Phil Stafford, David Spetzler, Moh'd M Khushman, Davendra Sohal, A Craig Lockhart, Benjamin A Weinberg, Wafik S El-Deiry, John Marshall, Anthony F Shields, W Michael Korn

Purpose: KRAS mutation (MT) is a major oncogenic driver in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A small subset of PDACs harbor KRAS wild-type (WT). We aim to characterize the molecular profiles of KRAS WT PDAC to uncover new pathogenic drivers and offer targeted treatments.

Experimental design: Tumor tissue obtained from surgical or biopsy material was subjected to next-generation DNA/RNA sequencing, microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair status determination.

Results: Of the 2,483 patients (male 53.7%, median age 66 years) studied, 266 tumors (10.7%) were KRAS WT. The most frequently mutated gene in KRAS WT PDAC was TP53 (44.5%), followed by BRAF (13.0%). Multiple mutations within the DNA-damage repair (BRCA2, ATM, BAP1, RAD50, FANCE, PALB2), chromatin remodeling (ARID1A, PBRM1, ARID2, KMT2D, KMT2C, SMARCA4, SETD2), and cell-cycle control pathways (CDKN2A, CCND1, CCNE1) were detected frequently. There was no statistically significant difference in PD-L1 expression between KRAS WT (15.8%) and MT (17%) tumors. However, KRAS WT PDAC were more likely to be MSI-high (4.7% vs. 0.7%; P < 0.05), tumor mutational burden-high (4.5% vs. 1%; P < 0.05), and exhibit increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and myeloid dendritic cells. KRAS WT PDACs exhibited gene fusions of BRAF (6.6%), FGFR2 (5.2%), ALK (2.6%), RET (1.3%), and NRG1 (1.3%), as well as amplification of FGF3 (3%), ERBB2 (2.2%), FGFR3 (1.8%), NTRK (1.8%), and MET (1.3%). Real-world evidence reveals a survival advantage of KRAS WT patients in overall cohorts as well as in patients treated with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel or 5-FU/oxaliplatin.

Conclusions: KRAS WT PDAC represents 10.7% of PDAC and is enriched with targetable alterations, including immuno-oncologic markers. Identification of KRAS WT patients in clinical practice may expand therapeutic options in a clinically meaningful manner.

目的：KRAS 突变（MT）是胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）的主要致癌驱动因素。一小部分 PDAC 存在 KRAS 野生型（WT）。我们旨在描述 KRAS WT PDAC 的分子特征，以发现新的致病驱动因素并提供靶向治疗：实验设计：对从手术或活检材料中获得的肿瘤组织进行新一代DNA/RNA测序、微卫星不稳定性（MSI）和错配修复状态测定：在研究的 2483 名患者（男性占 53.7%，中位年龄 66 岁）中，有 266 例肿瘤（10.7%）为 KRAS WT。KRAS WT PDAC中最常发生突变的基因是TP53（44.5%），其次是BRAF（13.0%）。在DNA损伤修复（BRCA2、ATM、BAP1、RAD50、FANCE、PALB2）、染色质重塑（ARID1A、PBRM1、ARID2、KMT2D、KMT2C、SMARCA4、SETD2）和细胞周期控制通路（CDKN2A、CCND1、CCNE1）中也经常检测到多种突变。KRAS WT肿瘤（15.8%）和MT肿瘤（17%）之间的PD-L1表达差异无统计学意义。然而，KRAS WT PDAC更有可能是MSI高（4.7% vs. 0.7%; P < 0.05）、肿瘤突变负荷高（4.5% vs. 1%; P < 0.05），并表现出CD8+ T细胞、自然杀伤细胞和髓树突状细胞浸润增加。KRAS WT PDACs表现出BRAF（6.6%）、FGFR2（5.2%）、ALK（2.6%）、RET（1.3%）和NRG1（1.3%）的基因融合，以及FGF3（3%）、ERBB2（2.2%）、FGFR3（1.8%）、NTRK（1.8%）和MET（1.3%）的扩增。现实世界的证据显示，KRAS WT 患者在总体队列以及接受吉西他滨/纳布紫杉醇或 5-FU/ 奥沙利铂治疗的患者中均具有生存优势：结论：KRAS WT PDAC占PDAC的10.7%，富含可靶向的改变，包括免疫肿瘤标志物。在临床实践中识别 KRAS WT 患者可能会扩大治疗选择的临床意义。

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of KRAS Wild-type Tumors in Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Philip A Philip, Ibrahim Azar, Joanne Xiu, Michael J Hall, Andrew Eugene Hendifar, Emil Lou, Jimmy J Hwang, Jun Gong, Rebecca Feldman, Michelle Ellis, Phil Stafford, David Spetzler, Moh'd M Khushman, Davendra Sohal, A Craig Lockhart, Benjamin A Weinberg, Wafik S El-Deiry, John Marshall, Anthony F Shields, W Michael Korn","doi":"10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-3581","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-3581","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: KRAS mutation (MT) is a major oncogenic driver in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A small subset of PDACs harbor KRAS wild-type (WT). We aim to characterize the molecular profiles of KRAS WT PDAC to uncover new pathogenic drivers and offer targeted treatments.Experimental design: Tumor tissue obtained from surgical or biopsy material was subjected to next-generation DNA/RNA sequencing, microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair status determination.Results: Of the 2,483 patients (male 53.7%, median age 66 years) studied, 266 tumors (10.7%) were KRAS WT. The most frequently mutated gene in KRAS WT PDAC was TP53 (44.5%), followed by BRAF (13.0%). Multiple mutations within the DNA-damage repair (BRCA2, ATM, BAP1, RAD50, FANCE, PALB2), chromatin remodeling (ARID1A, PBRM1, ARID2, KMT2D, KMT2C, SMARCA4, SETD2), and cell-cycle control pathways (CDKN2A, CCND1, CCNE1) were detected frequently. There was no statistically significant difference in PD-L1 expression between KRAS WT (15.8%) and MT (17%) tumors. However, KRAS WT PDAC were more likely to be MSI-high (4.7% vs. 0.7%; P < 0.05), tumor mutational burden-high (4.5% vs. 1%; P < 0.05), and exhibit increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and myeloid dendritic cells. KRAS WT PDACs exhibited gene fusions of BRAF (6.6%), FGFR2 (5.2%), ALK (2.6%), RET (1.3%), and NRG1 (1.3%), as well as amplification of FGF3 (3%), ERBB2 (2.2%), FGFR3 (1.8%), NTRK (1.8%), and MET (1.3%). Real-world evidence reveals a survival advantage of KRAS WT patients in overall cohorts as well as in patients treated with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel or 5-FU/oxaliplatin.Conclusions: KRAS WT PDAC represents 10.7% of PDAC and is enriched with targetable alterations, including immuno-oncologic markers. Identification of KRAS WT patients in clinical practice may expand therapeutic options in a clinically meaningful manner.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"24 1","pages":"2704-2714"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9541577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86586567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Different intra-articular injection substances following temporomandibular joint arthroscopy and their effect on early postoperative period: A randomized clinical trial. 颞下颌关节镜手术后不同的关节内注射物质及其对术后早期的影响：随机临床试验。

IF 1.6 2区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN ISSUES

Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2081445

Marijus Leketas, Dominykas Dvylys, Dovydas Sakalys, Regimantas Simuntis

Objective: To compare the effect of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), hyaluronic acid (HA), and saline intra-articular injections following temporomandibular joint arthroscopy on decreasing pain and increasing maximal mouth opening.

Methods: Included patients were randomized into three groups: PRGF group, hyaluronic acid group, and control group. Intra-articular injections were done at the end of the arthroscopy. Pain was measured using the VAS scale preoperatively, 7 days, 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively. Maximal mouth opening was measured preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively.

Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in pain in all groups, although, the decrease was significantly greater in the HA group following surgery.

Conclusion: A hyaluronic acid injection following temporomandibular joint arthroscopy can decrease pain better than saline and platelet-rich plasma during the first postoperative week. However, the results do not differ in later postoperative periods.

目的比较颞下颌关节镜术后关节内注射富含生长因子的血浆（PRGF）、透明质酸（HA）和生理盐水对减轻疼痛和增加最大张口量的效果：将纳入的患者随机分为三组：PRGF组、透明质酸组和对照组。关节镜手术结束后进行关节内注射。使用 VAS 量表测量术前、术后 7 天、1 个月和 6 个月的疼痛程度。术前和术后 7 天测量最大张口度：结果：各组疼痛均有统计学意义上的明显减轻，但术后注射玻尿酸组的减轻幅度明显更大：结论：颞下颌关节镜手术后注射透明质酸比生理盐水和富血小板血浆更能减轻术后第一周的疼痛。结论：颞下颌关节镜手术后注射透明质酸能在术后第一周内比生理盐水和富血小板血浆更好地减轻疼痛，但在术后后期效果没有差异。

{"title":"Different intra-articular injection substances following temporomandibular joint arthroscopy and their effect on early postoperative period: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Marijus Leketas, Dominykas Dvylys, Dovydas Sakalys, Regimantas Simuntis","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2022.2081445","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08869634.2022.2081445","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the effect of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), hyaluronic acid (HA), and saline intra-articular injections following temporomandibular joint arthroscopy on decreasing pain and increasing maximal mouth opening.Methods: Included patients were randomized into three groups: PRGF group, hyaluronic acid group, and control group. Intra-articular injections were done at the end of the arthroscopy. Pain was measured using the VAS scale preoperatively, 7 days, 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively. Maximal mouth opening was measured preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively.Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in pain in all groups, although, the decrease was significantly greater in the HA group following surgery.Conclusion: A hyaluronic acid injection following temporomandibular joint arthroscopy can decrease pain better than saline and platelet-rich plasma during the first postoperative week. However, the results do not differ in later postoperative periods.","PeriodicalId":51560,"journal":{"name":"DESIGN ISSUES","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90899608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

DESIGN ISSUES

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀