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The Delightful Phrase: Are There Really Designerly Ways of Knowing? 有趣的短语:真的有专门的认识方法吗?
2区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00727
Richard Herriott
“Designerly ways of knowing” is a phrase used in the much-cited article of the same name, written by Nigel Cross in 1982.1 The phrase was first used in Design in General Education2; it has been called “delightful”3; and Cross often refers to it in his subsequent publications.4 The key sentence in Cross’s 1982 article is this: “Design has its own distinct ‘things to know, ways of knowing them, and ways of finding out about them.’”5 Particularly in this article, this concept of “designerly ways of knowing” is under scrutiny. The concept is only part of Cross’s argument, which was especially concerned with the role of design in education. Cross argues that the aim of education in design is not instrumental but for its own sake, for reasons stemming from design’s intrinsic values. These intrinsic values, he argues, depend on “designerly ways of knowing.” In a later article, Cross also argues that design research and design education also are concerned with designerly ways of knowing.6 What began as an element in an argument about design education has led to the pervasive presence of the concept of designerly ways of knowing in design research. As of December 2022, Cross’s article has been cited approximately 5,540 times.7
奈杰尔·克罗斯(Nigel Cross)于1981年撰写的同名文章中使用了“设计的认知方式”这一短语。2.1该短语首次用于普通教育设计2;它被称为“令人愉快”3;克罗斯在随后的出版物中经常提到这一点。4克罗斯1982年文章中的关键一句是:“设计有自己独特的‘要知道的事情、了解它们的方式和发现它们的方式’。”。这个概念只是克罗斯论点的一部分,他特别关注设计在教育中的作用。克罗斯认为,设计教育的目的不是工具性的,而是为了它自己,原因源于设计的内在价值。他认为,这些内在价值观取决于“设计性的认知方式”。在后来的一篇文章中,克罗斯还认为,设计研究和设计教育也与设计性的认识方式有关。6最初作为设计教育争论的一个元素,导致设计性认知方式的概念在设计研究中普遍存在。截至2022年12月,克罗斯的文章已被引用约5540次。7
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of Fonts on the Reading Performance in Easy-to-Read Texts: A Legibility Study with 145 Participants 易读文本中字体对阅读表现的影响:145名参与者的易读性研究
2区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00724
Sabina Sieghart
This study examines whether the common typographical recommendations for texts in easy-to-read language are helpful. So far, using a sans-serif font in 14 pt has been suggested. The statistical evaluation shows that Thesis TheSans is read significantly faster than Arial. Fonts with serifs are read slightly faster. The font size of 12 pt is large enough. The study clearly indicates that the strict commitment to sans serif fonts—and the Arial font in particular—for texts in easy-to-read language is wrong. The results can be used by designers and clients as a valid decision-making aid when creating barrier-free communication.
摘要本研究考察了易读语言文本的常见排版建议是否有帮助。到目前为止,建议在14 pt中使用无衬线字体。统计评估表明,Thesis TheSans的阅读速度明显快于Arial。带有衬线的字体阅读速度略快。12字号的字体已经足够大了。这项研究清楚地表明,对易于阅读的语言文本严格使用无衬线字体(尤其是Arial字体)是错误的。这些结果可以作为设计师和客户在创建无障碍交流时的有效决策辅助。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating Technology and Art in Landscape Design 景观设计中的技术与艺术融合
2区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00728
Moohan Kim;Jongeun Yang;Sujeong Lee
Contemporary landscaping has been influenced by specific periods of art and technology. As a result, landscape architecture has two leading design philosophies: art and science.1 The grafting of art and technology is an essential concern in the landscape design process.2 Landscape design is the process of determining shape,3 while form generation (FG) provides the direction for the shape.4 Modeling work becomes a representative method for FG. In contrast to architectural materials, FG in landscape design uses more flexible materials, such as clay and sand. Sand is one of the most accessible materials for FG and can be used to transform a diversity of forms. Sand’s easily deformable and reformable characteristics become the most important factor in stimulating human creative activities.5 For example, Jean-Pierre Hébert is an artist who uses sand by combining advanced technologies in the art field.6 Karesansui Gardens, in Japan, offers a prime example of changeable material use.7 However, the easy variability of sand also requires that designers be able to develop the subsequent design process. Only limited applications are possible for those designers who do have the ability. Using sand in the modeling process can offer an effective design direction in terms of creativity. However, its variability makes achieving the ultimate goal of landscape design, which must be applied on a 1:1 scale, difficult. To address the challenges, we have found that laser surveying techniques are useful in measuring its variability. Laser surveying technology recently has been used for landscape planning and design because it is helpful for accurate analysis of the site situation and for preparing the design plans accordingly.8 This cutting-edge technology expands the technological aspects, offering fresh nuance in the process. Figures 1, 2, and 3 provide examples of this work. 1 Michael Murphy, Landscape Architecture Theory (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2016). 2 Sanda Lenzholzer, “‘Science’ and ‘Art’ in Landscape Architecture Knowledge Production,” Landscape and Imagination Conference Proceedings (Florence: UNISCAPE 2013), 287–92. 3 Sanda Lenzholzer, Ingrid Duchhart, and Jusuk Koh, “Research Through Designing in Landscape Architecture,” Landscape and Urban Planning 113 (2013): 120–27. 4 Susan Herrington, Landscape Theory in Design (London: Routledge, 2016). 5 Josie Nickum and Lewis Purgason, “Using the Sand Tray to Facilitate Client Creativity: A Strengths Focused Approach to Adolescent Depression,” Journal of Creativity in Mental Health 12, no. 3 (2017): 347–59. 6 Crisman Cooley, “Sand Traces: Works in Sand by Jean-Pierre Hébert,” jeanpierrehebert.com/~jeanpie7/docs/traces.pdf (accessed July 7, 2022). 7 François Berthier, Reading Zen in the Rocks: The Japanese Dry Landscape Garden (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2005). 8 Philipp R.W. Urech et al., “Point Cloud Modeling as a Bridge between Landscape Design and Planning,” Landscape and Urban Planning 203, n
当代园林绿化受到特定时期艺术和技术的影响。因此,景观设计有两种主要的设计理念:艺术和科学艺术与技术的嫁接是景观设计过程中必须关注的问题景观设计是确定形状的过程,而形式生成(form generation, FG)为形状提供方向建模工作成为FG的代表性方法。与建筑材料相比,FG在景观设计中使用了更灵活的材料,如粘土和沙子。沙子是最容易获得的FG材料之一,可以用来转换多种形式。沙子易变形、易改造的特性成为激发人类创造活动的最重要因素例如,让-皮埃尔·赫伯特是一位结合艺术领域的先进技术使用沙子的艺术家日本的Karesansui花园是多变使用材料的最好例子然而,砂的易变异性也要求设计师能够开发后续的设计过程。只有有限的应用程序可能为那些设计师有能力。在建模过程中使用沙子可以在创造性方面提供有效的设计方向。然而,它的可变性使得实现景观设计的最终目标变得困难,这必须以1:1的比例应用。为了解决这些挑战,我们发现激光测量技术在测量其变异性方面是有用的。激光测量技术最近被用于景观规划和设计,因为它有助于准确分析场地情况,并据此制定设计方案这项尖端技术扩展了技术方面,在过程中提供了新的细微差别。图1、2和3提供了这项工作的示例。1 Michael Murphy,景观建筑理论(华盛顿特区:岛屿出版社,2016)。[2]张志强,“景观设计知识生产中的“科学”与“艺术”,”景观与想象学术会议论文集(北京:UNISCAPE 2013), 287-92。[3]张晓明,张晓明,“基于建筑设计的城市景观设计研究”,《城市规划》(2013),第4期。4 Susan Herrington,景观设计理论(伦敦:Routledge出版社,2016)。5 Josie Nickum和Lewis Purgason,“利用沙盘促进客户创造力:一种专注于青少年抑郁症的优势方法”,《心理健康创新杂志》第12期。3(2017): 347-59。6 Crisman Cooley,“沙子的痕迹:让-皮埃尔·海姆斯波特的沙子作品”,jeanpierrehebert.com/~jeanpie7/docs/traces.pdf(访问日期:2022年7月7日)。弗朗索瓦·贝尔蒂埃,《岩石中的禅宗:日本干涸的园林》(芝加哥,伊利诺斯州:芝加哥大学出版社,2005)。[8]李建平,“基于点云模型的景观设计与规划”,《景观与城市规划》,第2期。9 (2020): 103903;和Philipp R.W. Urech, Aurel von Richthofen, Christophe Girot,“基于高分辨率激光扫描地形的地面景观设计”,《景观学报》第17期。1(2022): 58-69。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing Donald Schön's Reflective Practitioner: Where to Next? 推进唐纳德Schön的反思实践者:下一步何去何从?
2区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00722
Linus Tan;Anita Kocsis;Jane Burry
In 1983, Donald Schön published his seminal work, The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. The book emerged during the peak of the Design Methods movement, when works like L. Bruce Archer's Systematic Method for Designers and Herbert A. Simon's The Sciences of the Artificial argued for recognizing design processes as scientific inquiries. Coincidentally, Schön posited an alternative view to rationalizing design processes, called professional artistry, which is implicit professional knowledge. Using protocol studies in various disciplines, he demonstrated that professionals reflect-in-action while working and, as a result, learn and produce knowledge through doing (knowing-in-action). Since the 1980s, design theorists, researchers, and professionals have used Schön's work enthusiastically to articulate that designers learn more about their design process and design project as they design. Forty years after publication, The Reflective Practitioner continues to serve many design researchers as a foundation of learning from the experience of their design processes. However, this theory has limitations that must be recognized and addressed to stay relevant today. The Reflective Practitioner was written for individuals, whereas nowadays, designers often work in teams. The next step is to consider how individual reflections are shared and learned with other designers so that the team benefits from its collective reflective practices.
1983年,Donald Schön出版了他的开创性著作《反思实践者:专业人士如何在行动中思考》。这本书出现在设计方法运动的高峰期,当时像l·布鲁斯·阿彻的《设计师的系统方法》和赫伯特·a·西蒙的《人工科学》这样的作品都主张将设计过程视为科学探究。巧合的是,Schön提出了另一种观点来合理化设计过程,称为专业艺术,这是隐性的专业知识。他利用不同学科的协议研究,证明了专业人员在工作时的“行动中反思”,结果是通过“行动中了解”来学习和创造知识。自20世纪80年代以来,设计理论家、研究人员和专业人士都热情地使用Schön的工作来阐明设计师在设计时更多地了解他们的设计过程和设计项目。出版四十年后,《反思实践者》继续为许多设计研究人员提供服务,作为从他们的设计过程中学习经验的基础。然而,这一理论有其局限性,必须加以认识和解决,才能在今天保持相关性。《反思性实践者》是为个人而写的,而现在,设计师经常在团队中工作。下一步是考虑如何与其他设计师分享和学习个人反思,以便团队从集体反思实践中受益。
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引用次数: 2
L'Homme comme un “être d'habitude.” Essai d'anthropologie et d'épistémologie pour les Sciences du Design 人是“习惯的存在”。设计科学的人类学和认识论论文
2区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_r_00720
Marie-Julie Catoir-Brisson;Thomas Watkin
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引用次数: 0
Hypervernacular Design: Rethinking the Vernacular Design Paradigm 超乡土设计:对乡土设计范式的再思考
2区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00718
Niek Kosten;Liesbeth Huybrechts
Contemporary design discourse needs words to discuss its role in everyday life. Therefore, this article rethinks the meaning and value of the term “vernacular design” in contemporary society, with a focus on vernacular graphic design. We argue that the domain needs an interpretation that is more attuned to novel approaches around hybridity and plurality in design. We frame this development from a theoretical perspective by introducing the concept of hypervernacular as a relational and plural approach. We ground our conceptual argument through a case study description that explores the everyday, ubiquitous, and more-than-human position of the plant species Japanese knotweed through collaboration.
摘要当代设计话语需要文字来讨论它在日常生活中的作用。因此,本文以乡土平面设计为切入点,重新思考“乡土设计”在当代社会的意义和价值。我们认为,该领域需要一种更适应设计中混合性和多样性的新方法的解释。我们从理论的角度阐述了这一发展,引入了过度兴奋的概念,将其作为一种关系和复数的方法。我们通过一个案例研究描述来建立我们的概念论点,该描述通过合作探索了日本knotweed植物物种的日常、普遍和超越人类的地位。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting the Experience Machine: A Philosophical Note on the Limits of Experience Design 重温体验机器:体验设计局限性的哲学诠释
2区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00714
Bo A. Christensen
This study explores the notion of experience, as used in “experience design,” based on American philosopher Robert Nozick's idea of an experience machine and Marc Hassenzahl's notion of experience design. Hassenzahl epitomizes experience as pleasure or fulfillment of needs—an idea that Nozick challenges as he claims that the world people engage with matters in a way that is not reducible to pleasure alone. Nozick's observation, I argue, indicates a sense of care in the broader concept of experience design. I explore this sense of care using John Haugeland's conception of existential commitment, which then necessitates a deepening of the notion of Hassenzahl's experience by connecting it with a sense of commitment and responsibility. This connection makes experience design, then, a concern and care for the normative powers of design.
本研究以美国哲学家罗伯特·诺齐克的“体验机器”概念和马克·哈森扎尔的“体验设计”概念为基础,探讨了“体验设计”中使用的体验概念。哈森扎尔将经验概括为快乐或需求的满足——诺齐克挑战了这一观点,他声称世界上的人们以一种不仅仅是快乐的方式参与事情。我认为,诺齐克的观察表明,在更广泛的体验设计概念中,有一种关注感。我用John Haugeland的存在承诺的概念来探索这种关心感,这需要通过将Hassenzahl的经历与承诺和责任感联系起来,来深化这种概念。这种联系使得体验设计成为对设计规范力量的关注和关怀。
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引用次数: 0
Industrial Designers in UX Practice: Motivations, Professionalization, and the Construction of Designer Identity UX实践中的工业设计师:动机、专业化和设计师身份的构建
2区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00715
Sedef Süner-Pla-Cerdà;Gülşen Töre-Yargin;Asli Günay
Our article discusses the insights from original research conducted with design practitioners to better understand the experiences of industrial design graduates as they are adopting new professional roles in user experience (UX) affiliated positions. We utilize narrative identity work as the theoretical frame to interpret the legitimation strategies of industrial designers while grounding their motivations, perceived competence, and fitness to a UX position. Such narratives support our arguments on the conscious efforts of designers toward the construction of a professional designer identity, which is stimulated by this role change.
为了更好地理解工业设计专业毕业生在用户体验(UX)相关职位上担任新的专业角色时的经历,我们的文章讨论了与设计从业者进行的原始研究的见解。我们利用叙事身份工作作为理论框架来解释工业设计师的合法性策略,同时将他们的动机、感知能力和对UX职位的适应性联系起来。这样的叙述支持了我们关于设计师有意识地努力构建专业设计师身份的论点,这是由这种角色转变所激发的。
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引用次数: 0
The Forgotten Legacy of Schön: From Materials to “Mediums” in the Design Activity 施被遗忘的遗产:从材料到设计活动中的“媒介”
2区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00713
Annie Gentes;Giulia Marcocchia
This article elaborates on Schön's model of design to address the material part of the “design conversation.” Bringing in media and mediality studies, our research aims to support a broader understanding of the production of meanings and forms by addressing the difference between materials and mediums. While Schön used both concepts, we show that Dewey's influence on Schön can explain why speaking of mediums as a “system of formation” can better describe the multilayered semiotic working of the material conversation either foregrounding the support and allowing for a bodily experience or foregrounding the message and supporting an interpreting experience.
本文详细阐述了Schön的设计模型,以解决“设计对话”的物质部分。引入媒介和媒介研究,我们的研究旨在通过解决材料和媒介之间的差异来支持对意义和形式的产生的更广泛的理解。虽然Schön使用了这两个概念,但我们表明杜威对Schön的影响可以解释为什么将媒介称为“形成系统”可以更好地描述材料对话的多层符号学工作,要么突出支持并允许身体体验,要么突出信息并支持解释体验。
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引用次数: 1
Learning from “The Sounding Object”: Sound Design in the Critical Reimagining of Museum Object Narratives 从“发声的物体”中学习:博物馆物体叙事批判性再想象中的声音设计
2区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1162/desi_a_00717
Emily Candela;Eric de Visscher
This article focuses on an expanded critical sound design practice drawing on the qualities of sound associated with embodiment, vocality, and memory. We argue for sound design as a critical tool in communicating design histories in museums, highlighting the case of a research-based pedagogical project between the Royal College of Art and the Victoria & Albert Museum, “The Sounding Object,” which united sound design, history, and critical museology. The project reveals links between sound design practice, history writing, and critical curatorship, demonstrating how sound enhances museums’ capacity to embrace the contingency of history, communicate in inclusive ways, and truly become “polyphonic.”
摘要本文重点介绍了一种扩展的批判性声音设计实践,该实践借鉴了与体现、声乐和记忆相关的声音品质。我们主张声音设计是博物馆交流设计历史的关键工具,并强调了皇家艺术学院和维多利亚与阿尔伯特博物馆之间的一个基于研究的教学项目“声音对象”,该项目将声音设计、历史和批判性博物馆学相结合。该项目揭示了声音设计实践、历史写作和批判性策展之间的联系,展示了声音如何增强博物馆接受历史偶然性、以包容性的方式交流并真正成为“复调”的能力
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引用次数: 1
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