Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18485/iipe_ria.2023.74.1189.1
Mehmet Recai Uygur, Fatma Sever
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Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.1080/09557571.2023.2159696
Lauren Wilcox
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Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.1080/09557571.2023.2159704
Mira L. Siegelberg
I’m grateful to Eduard Murumbwa and Caio Simoneti for organising this roundtable, and for inviting David Baluarte, Theodor Christov, Benjamin Mueser, and Zainab Olaitan to respond to Statelessness: A Modern History. The reviewers in this symposium represent the audiences that I hoped would engage with the book, and I owe my thanks to them for the richness of their reflections, as well as to the 2022 Francesco Guicciardini Prize committee. It is a particular privilege that Charles Maier agreed to write an introduction for the roundtable since I have learned so much from him and his work on the history of modern statehood. In his 1927 work The Public and Its Problems, the American political theorist John Dewey wrote:
{"title":"The Francesco Guicciardini prize forum: response to reviewers","authors":"Mira L. Siegelberg","doi":"10.1080/09557571.2023.2159704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2023.2159704","url":null,"abstract":"I’m grateful to Eduard Murumbwa and Caio Simoneti for organising this roundtable, and for inviting David Baluarte, Theodor Christov, Benjamin Mueser, and Zainab Olaitan to respond to Statelessness: A Modern History. The reviewers in this symposium represent the audiences that I hoped would engage with the book, and I owe my thanks to them for the richness of their reflections, as well as to the 2022 Francesco Guicciardini Prize committee. It is a particular privilege that Charles Maier agreed to write an introduction for the roundtable since I have learned so much from him and his work on the history of modern statehood. In his 1927 work The Public and Its Problems, the American political theorist John Dewey wrote:","PeriodicalId":51580,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Review of International Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41273072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.1080/09557571.2023.2159700
David C. Baluarte
As we approach the eight-year mark in UNHCR’s decade-long commitment to advance the rights of stateless persons, known as the #Ibelong campaign, there is much to celebrate. Statelessness is firmly on the agenda in conversations about forced migration, national security, human development, and the fight to end systemic discrimination. Significant challenges remain, as millions of people are still forced to endure statelessness and some governments continue to persecute stateless populations while denying the fundamental human right to a nationality. But awareness of the problem of statelessness has arguably never been so widespread, while civil society organisations that directly incorporate the voices and experiences of stateless persons surge, and think tanks and academic programs flourish. High quality scholarship on statelessness has increased exponentially, and Dr. Mira Siegelberg has made a tremendously important contribution to this growing body of work with Statelessness: A Modern History. Like many scholars and advocates for the rights of stateless persons, I often tell a story of global statelessness that begins with the atrocities of World War II that triggered mass statelessness in the post-war period that culminated in the 1954 Statelessness Convention. After reading Dr. Siegelberg’s book, I will never tell the story the same way again. Statelessness: A Modern History offers a meticulous reconstruction of the varied contributions of artists, scholars, and policy makers to the understanding of statelessness in the years between the First and Second World Wars. She situates statelessness in some of the most prominent debates about international law and relations in modern history, most notably whether the individual is an appropriate subject of international law and whether a political order beyond the confines of the nation-state is desirable. Dr. Siegelberg succeeds in showing that statelessness played a significant role in the development of international legal thought throughout the interwar period. In uncovering the contributions of statelessness to legal
{"title":"A new narrative of statelessness","authors":"David C. Baluarte","doi":"10.1080/09557571.2023.2159700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2023.2159700","url":null,"abstract":"As we approach the eight-year mark in UNHCR’s decade-long commitment to advance the rights of stateless persons, known as the #Ibelong campaign, there is much to celebrate. Statelessness is firmly on the agenda in conversations about forced migration, national security, human development, and the fight to end systemic discrimination. Significant challenges remain, as millions of people are still forced to endure statelessness and some governments continue to persecute stateless populations while denying the fundamental human right to a nationality. But awareness of the problem of statelessness has arguably never been so widespread, while civil society organisations that directly incorporate the voices and experiences of stateless persons surge, and think tanks and academic programs flourish. High quality scholarship on statelessness has increased exponentially, and Dr. Mira Siegelberg has made a tremendously important contribution to this growing body of work with Statelessness: A Modern History. Like many scholars and advocates for the rights of stateless persons, I often tell a story of global statelessness that begins with the atrocities of World War II that triggered mass statelessness in the post-war period that culminated in the 1954 Statelessness Convention. After reading Dr. Siegelberg’s book, I will never tell the story the same way again. Statelessness: A Modern History offers a meticulous reconstruction of the varied contributions of artists, scholars, and policy makers to the understanding of statelessness in the years between the First and Second World Wars. She situates statelessness in some of the most prominent debates about international law and relations in modern history, most notably whether the individual is an appropriate subject of international law and whether a political order beyond the confines of the nation-state is desirable. Dr. Siegelberg succeeds in showing that statelessness played a significant role in the development of international legal thought throughout the interwar period. In uncovering the contributions of statelessness to legal","PeriodicalId":51580,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Review of International Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45733907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.1080/09557571.2023.2159694
J. Gout
Redressing the dearth of women’s voices in the historiography of international thought is a process now well underway. This worthy recipient of the Joseph Fletcher Prize for Best Edited Book in Historical International Relations in 2021 is the most recent, and one of the most powerful contributions to this enterprise. It furnishes the discipline of International Relations (IR) with accounts of eighteen women who contributed to the history of the international. Moreover, in incorporating these voices into the history of international thought, the volume necessarily introduces contentious methodological claims about what ‘international thought’ is, and how the discipline of IR carves out its intellectual terrain. Owens’ and Rietzler’s volume then, delivers twice—not only by providing a rich historical account of women’s international thinking, but also by showcasing the wide array of practices, locations, forms and modes through which the international has been constructed and contested, thereby challenging long held disciplinary assumptions and intellectual traditions. On the first count, Owens’ and Rietzler’s volume provides a range of women’s international thought during the late nineteenth and mid twentieth century, a period that was foundational for the discipline of IR. The volume includes some familiar or ‘canonical’ names, including Simone Weil and F. Melian Stawell, as well as introducing thinkers less familiar to disciplinary accounts. These include the ‘street-scholar’ Mittie Maude Lena Gordon, journalist Elizabeth Wiskemann, and Pan-Africanist Amy Ashwood Garvey. Importantly, the volume does not cast its subjects as necessarily feminist in their ambitions where they themselves did not see their intellectual labours as such, nor does it suggest that each of these thinkers took the category of gender as essential to their conceptions of the international. Rather, it aims to take women’s contributions as they were—sometimes feminist, black Atlantic, imperialist, socialist, Pan-African or colonial—and (re)introduce them into the history of the international. Building on their own and others’ earlier contributions, Owens and Rietzler show that women have not been absent from thinking internationally throughout history, but rather systemically and historiographically excluded by practices of erasure (see Owens 2018; Hutchings and Owens 2021; Sluga 2015; Foxley 2006; Bay et al. 2015; Huber, Pietsch, and Rietzler 2021). It is here, on this second count, that the book’s ambition to investigate the history of women’s international thought necessarily acts as a challenge to disciplinary practices which have effectively excluded these thinkers. As the book
{"title":"Challenging the politics of knowledge: a new history of international thought","authors":"J. Gout","doi":"10.1080/09557571.2023.2159694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2023.2159694","url":null,"abstract":"Redressing the dearth of women’s voices in the historiography of international thought is a process now well underway. This worthy recipient of the Joseph Fletcher Prize for Best Edited Book in Historical International Relations in 2021 is the most recent, and one of the most powerful contributions to this enterprise. It furnishes the discipline of International Relations (IR) with accounts of eighteen women who contributed to the history of the international. Moreover, in incorporating these voices into the history of international thought, the volume necessarily introduces contentious methodological claims about what ‘international thought’ is, and how the discipline of IR carves out its intellectual terrain. Owens’ and Rietzler’s volume then, delivers twice—not only by providing a rich historical account of women’s international thinking, but also by showcasing the wide array of practices, locations, forms and modes through which the international has been constructed and contested, thereby challenging long held disciplinary assumptions and intellectual traditions. On the first count, Owens’ and Rietzler’s volume provides a range of women’s international thought during the late nineteenth and mid twentieth century, a period that was foundational for the discipline of IR. The volume includes some familiar or ‘canonical’ names, including Simone Weil and F. Melian Stawell, as well as introducing thinkers less familiar to disciplinary accounts. These include the ‘street-scholar’ Mittie Maude Lena Gordon, journalist Elizabeth Wiskemann, and Pan-Africanist Amy Ashwood Garvey. Importantly, the volume does not cast its subjects as necessarily feminist in their ambitions where they themselves did not see their intellectual labours as such, nor does it suggest that each of these thinkers took the category of gender as essential to their conceptions of the international. Rather, it aims to take women’s contributions as they were—sometimes feminist, black Atlantic, imperialist, socialist, Pan-African or colonial—and (re)introduce them into the history of the international. Building on their own and others’ earlier contributions, Owens and Rietzler show that women have not been absent from thinking internationally throughout history, but rather systemically and historiographically excluded by practices of erasure (see Owens 2018; Hutchings and Owens 2021; Sluga 2015; Foxley 2006; Bay et al. 2015; Huber, Pietsch, and Rietzler 2021). It is here, on this second count, that the book’s ambition to investigate the history of women’s international thought necessarily acts as a challenge to disciplinary practices which have effectively excluded these thinkers. As the book","PeriodicalId":51580,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Review of International Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49297233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.1080/09557571.2023.2159702
Benjamin Mueser
In his 1749 treatise on international law, the Prussian philosopher and jurist Christian Wolff considered the condition of the exile, one who is ‘deprived of the soil of his native land,’ (Wolff 2017, 113). Like many of the emigr e jurists who populate Mira Siegelberg’s study of statelessness in the twentieth century, the topic was not unfamiliar to Wolff, who had been expelled from his home in Halle in 1723 for his controversial views, only to return at the invitation of Frederick II in 1740. In this treatise, Wolff defended the authority of rulers to exile whomever they wished as punishment but urged that the condition of exile was ‘indicative of disaster, not disgrace,’ and exiles were particularly deserving of compassion for their suffering (§150). Moreover, Wolff insisted that because the earth was originally owned in common, ‘by nature the right belongs to an exile to dwell anywhere in the world’ (§147). Lacking a compelling reason otherwise, states were bound by the law of nations to admit an exile to live permanently on their land, because ‘he who is driven into exile cannot be driven out of the entire earth, for this cannot be done... unless life is destroyed,’ (§147). Yet Wolff left it unclear how the exile’s entitlement to world citizenship might be enforced. His idea of international law referred to the authority of the civitas maxima, a hypothesised world state, but it remained a theoretical proposition rather than an entity imbued with coercive power. No state could be compelled to accept exiles. This brief section of Wolff’s encapsulates many of the dynamics of Siegelberg’s complex account of modern statelessness, in which questions of the state’s sovereign right to regulate its own membership immediately prompted fundamental questions about the nature of the international. While Siegelberg focuses on the twentieth century, her book stimulates essential questions for the much longer history of inclusion and exclusion in international political thought. In her impressive study, Siegelberg inverts the way that scholars have usually told the history of statelessness. According to the conventional story, in the late nineteenth century and even more so after the First World War, the triumphant rise of nation-states coincided with both expulsions and tightening of nationality laws across Europe, resulting in countless persons becoming de facto, if not always de jure, stateless, lacking the protection of any state. Thus, received wisdom suggests that nation-states produced statelessness. This story, however, lies on the faulty premise that in the early twentieth century the nation-state, and accordingly, a global order defined by the exclusive membership of such states, was already dominant. But that was not the case,
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Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.1080/09557571.2023.2159699
Charles S. Maier
Mira Siegelberg has written an important and challenging book. It began as a doctoral dissertation that I was privileged to discuss with her as it took shape. The dissertation, in turn, originated with a profound question that presented both theoretical and practical challenges and I believe has continued as the underlying thread: what does statelessness imply in a world covered by and divided into states? How is it conceptually and legally accommodated? How does the condition of statelessness help define the world of nation-states? What is the civic status of the stateless subject, often expelled from his or her homeland, who lacks the credentials to claim entry elsewhere? To this end, Siegelberg has immersed herself in a century and a half of difficult legal thought, some of it well-known, but a great deal unearthed as the usually ignored articulations of our everyday practices. Her account pivots on key decision points with ramifications for international law, starting with the 1921 Stoeck case in Britain, where the supplicant living in Britain successfully claimed that he had divested himself of German citizenship and could not therefore be subject to the seizure of enemy alien property that Britain imposed in World War I. She examines the international conferences of the 1930s that sought without much success to codify the criteria for nationality, and she addresses the implications of the 1955 Nottebohm case a generation later in which the International Court of Justice ruled that effective citizenship required a substantive connection to a country (a criterion now undercut by some countries’ granting of nationality in return for investments, thus commodifying citizenship). Throughout, Siegelberg follows the arguments of notable legal scholars and political theorists, such as Hersch Lauterpacht, Hans Kelsen, and Hannah Arendt. She explains why Kelsen’s highly abstract legal theories, which to later readers could seem empty and formalist, were an important intervention. By and large she has discerned two remedial approaches: one seeking to compel individual states to mitigate the problem (a sad effort in the face of Soviet and National Socialist behaviour), the other creating international institutions that would provide the rights of travel, domicile, and minimal welfare that citizens of a state normally enjoy. Over the decades, she argues, the terms of debate changed from the initial sparring over whether individuals might even be recognised as subjects of international law to a richer consideration of what it meant to belong to a state or, conversely, to be deprived of that civic anchorage. The intellectual
{"title":"On statelessness: a modern history, the Francesco Guicciardini prize forum","authors":"Charles S. Maier","doi":"10.1080/09557571.2023.2159699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2023.2159699","url":null,"abstract":"Mira Siegelberg has written an important and challenging book. It began as a doctoral dissertation that I was privileged to discuss with her as it took shape. The dissertation, in turn, originated with a profound question that presented both theoretical and practical challenges and I believe has continued as the underlying thread: what does statelessness imply in a world covered by and divided into states? How is it conceptually and legally accommodated? How does the condition of statelessness help define the world of nation-states? What is the civic status of the stateless subject, often expelled from his or her homeland, who lacks the credentials to claim entry elsewhere? To this end, Siegelberg has immersed herself in a century and a half of difficult legal thought, some of it well-known, but a great deal unearthed as the usually ignored articulations of our everyday practices. Her account pivots on key decision points with ramifications for international law, starting with the 1921 Stoeck case in Britain, where the supplicant living in Britain successfully claimed that he had divested himself of German citizenship and could not therefore be subject to the seizure of enemy alien property that Britain imposed in World War I. She examines the international conferences of the 1930s that sought without much success to codify the criteria for nationality, and she addresses the implications of the 1955 Nottebohm case a generation later in which the International Court of Justice ruled that effective citizenship required a substantive connection to a country (a criterion now undercut by some countries’ granting of nationality in return for investments, thus commodifying citizenship). Throughout, Siegelberg follows the arguments of notable legal scholars and political theorists, such as Hersch Lauterpacht, Hans Kelsen, and Hannah Arendt. She explains why Kelsen’s highly abstract legal theories, which to later readers could seem empty and formalist, were an important intervention. By and large she has discerned two remedial approaches: one seeking to compel individual states to mitigate the problem (a sad effort in the face of Soviet and National Socialist behaviour), the other creating international institutions that would provide the rights of travel, domicile, and minimal welfare that citizens of a state normally enjoy. Over the decades, she argues, the terms of debate changed from the initial sparring over whether individuals might even be recognised as subjects of international law to a richer consideration of what it meant to belong to a state or, conversely, to be deprived of that civic anchorage. The intellectual","PeriodicalId":51580,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Review of International Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47980976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.1080/09557571.2023.2159698
K. Rietzler, P. Owens
We thank the Cambridge Review of International Affairs for organising this review and Juliette Gout, Rebecca Turkington and Lauren Wilcox for their engagement with Women’s International Thought: A New History. We were fortunate to collaborate with an exceptional interdisciplinary cast of authors to whose intellectual contributions and analyses we remain deeply indebted as they were vital for carrying out this project, and we would like to express our gratitude on their behalf, too. We would also like to acknowledge our indebtedness to the other collaborators on the Leverhulme Trust Research Project on Women and the History of International Thought, of which this edited volume is the first book-length output, namely Kimberly Hutchings, Sarah C. Dunstan, and Joanna Wood. Given the long history of disparaging women’s intellectual production and the ways in which this has, at times, forced feminist scholars to restate earlier arguments, it was important to us to make space for feminist recovery work as indispensable to the project of international intellectual and disciplinary history. We are, therefore, grateful to Wilcox for pre-empting any notion that historical recovery ‘might seem a dated gesture in 2021.’ It seems important, especially in a project focused on intellectual erasure, to recognise the ground-breaking forms of recovery work that earlier generations of feminist scholars established, even if scholars today choose to revise some of the categories and terms of earlier iterations of this work. As Dale Spender pointed out some time ago, the loss of knowledge from one generation to the next has been a formidable obstacle to both understanding women’s intellectual production and feminism as a political movement (Spender 1983a, 1983b). Even scholars who were wary of an exaggerated emphasis on recovery, calling it the ‘hunting-gathering school’ of women’s history, and who regarded it as only the first step in a wider intellectual enterprise, were adamant that recovery was necessary to any project of rewriting and reformulating the history and current practices of scholarly fields and intellectual movements, at least until the processes and structures of erasure cease to exist (Lerner 1979, 149; Marcus 1983, 242). With this volume, then, we are
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Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.1080/09557571.2022.2136566
H. Dijkstra, Laura von Allwörden, L. Schuette, G. Zaccaria
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Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.1080/09557571.2023.2159703
Zainab Olaitan
Mbiyozo (2019) argues that statelessness is a problem that is not new to the international community, as some states implement policies that denationalise their citizens as a form of sanction to exclude individuals they deem undesirable. Denationalisation raises the need to understand the discourse that surrounds statelessness in order to come up with preventive measures. This need, as well as questions such as ‘what is statelessness?’ and ‘within what boundaries can an individual be acknowledged as being stateless?’ informs the necessity for Mira Siegelberg’s book Statelessness: A Modern History. The continuous insistence of states to wield absolute authority over nationality legislation and citizenship makes this book an important and timely intervention. It examines the debates on jurisdiction over nationality legislation, while taking the reader through the necessary journey of understanding how the international legal order defined concepts such as citizenship, nationality etc. Methodologically, Siegelberg presents a chapter-by-chapter periodic historical analysis of the legal theories, writings and debates on statelessness starting from pre-World War I to the postcold war era. The book also focuses on dedicated efforts by the international system to understand statelessness and define what it means in order to formally recognise it, as well as the reactions of intergovernmental organisations. Siegelberg asserts that the central aim of the book is to ‘reconstruct and clarify the arguments that shaped the stabilisation of understanding of citizenships, nationality, and the boundaries of political membership’ (3). In pursuing this, she investigates how the problem of statelessness informed theories of rights, sovereignty, international legal order, and other pertinent legal theories against the formation of the modern interstate order (3). Furthermore, she argues that statelessness exposes the limitation in how statehood and political membership have been defined in international law. There are 6 chapters in the book, each of which contributing to the historical analysis of statelessness, followed by a conclusion providing a balanced insight into the thesis of the book as it beautifully summarises the previous chapters in a way that provides utmost clarity for the reader. The first chapter traces the history of how statelessness moved from a subject of fiction to reality. It starts by showing prior works that have been written on persons without a state who were not acknowledged as stateless. It focuses on the story of Max Stoeck, a former German national who was voluntarily denationalised and moved to Britain to work in a multinational corporation only to escape
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