Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics最新文献

英文中文

Experimental methods: Learning your own risk preferences under different risk elicitation methods 实验方法：了解自己在不同风险诱导方法下的风险偏好

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102450

Rocco Caferra , Andrea Morone , Donato Pierno

This paper examines whether changes in risk preferences reflect genuine behavioural shifts or result from the elicitation method used. In a within-subject experiment, participants made initial risky choices, completed 24 unpaid learning rounds with real dice and recorded outcomes, and then made final choices. We compare four risk elicitation methods: two Ordered Lottery Selection (OLS) and two Multiple Price List (MPL) tasks. Our analysis focuses on how preferences evolve with experience, the role of reported errors during the learning phase, and the effect of method complexity (i.e., the number of potential payoff outcomes in a given lottery) on revealed risk attitudes. Results show that MPL tasks, particularly when more complex, produce stronger changes in behaviour. Participants who made errors during the MPL learning phase were more likely to display increased risk aversion. This suggests that task comprehension and cognitive load influence the stability of preferences. The findings contribute to the broader debate on preference stability and highlight the methodological relevance of comparing elicitation tools within the same experimental framework.

本文考察了风险偏好的变化是否反映了真正的行为转变，还是所使用的启发方法的结果。在一项受试者内部实验中，参与者首先做出有风险的选择，用真正的骰子完成24轮无偿学习，并记录结果，然后做出最终选择。我们比较了四种风险激发方法：两种有序彩票选择（OLS）和两种多重价格表（MPL）任务。我们的分析侧重于偏好如何随着经验而演变，报告错误在学习阶段的作用，以及方法复杂性（即给定彩票中潜在回报结果的数量）对揭示风险态度的影响。研究结果表明，MPL任务，尤其是复杂的任务，会产生更强烈的行为变化。在MPL学习阶段犯错误的参与者更有可能表现出增加的风险厌恶。这表明任务理解和认知负荷影响偏好的稳定性。这些发现有助于对偏好稳定性进行更广泛的辩论，并强调在同一实验框架内比较启发工具的方法相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Self-censorship in the classroom 课堂上的自我审查

IF 1.6 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102393

Sarah Greenberg , Daniel F. Stone

We present results from an extensive study (14 classes, 407 students) of the degree to which college students self-censor broad political views in classroom settings. We estimate the prevalence of self-censorship by comparing private and public reporting of views. We also study the accuracy of student beliefs about classmate self-censorship by eliciting beliefs about classmates’ private views. We find that students were approximately equally likely to report being socially liberal, economically liberal, and leaning Democratic in private and public settings. However, of students who privately reported being socially conservative, Republican, and economically conservative outside of economics classes, 38%, 45%, and 30% (respectively) did not reveal this publicly. Students in introductory classes were more likely to self-censor. The order of responses options was randomized and had a large effect on the degree of self-censorship of Republicanism. Student beliefs about the distributions of classmates’ political views were mostly accurate but there was substantial underestimation of the percentages of economic conservatives and non-partisans. Results from a follow-up survey suggest that social consequences for students who publicly stated that they were conservative were limited, but not non-existent.

我们展示了一项广泛研究（14个班级，407名学生）的结果，该研究是关于大学生在课堂环境中自我审查广泛政治观点的程度。我们通过比较私人和公开的观点报告来估计自我审查的普遍程度。我们还研究了学生自我审查信念的准确性，通过引出对同学的私人观点的信念。我们发现，在私人和公共环境中，学生在社会自由主义、经济自由主义和倾向民主党的可能性大致相同。然而，在私下里自称社会保守派、共和党保守派和经济保守派的学生中，分别有38%、45%和30%（分别）没有公开透露这一点。上入门课的学生更有可能自我审查。回答选项的顺序是随机的，对共和主义自我审查的程度有很大的影响。学生对同学政治观点分布的看法大多是准确的，但对经济保守派和无党派人士的比例有很大的低估。一项后续调查的结果表明，对公开表示自己是保守的学生来说，社会后果是有限的，但并非没有。

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引用次数: 0

Search costs, choice overload, and intermediary deviation: Barriers to optimal insurance choices in multi-distribution channel setting 搜索成本、选择过载和中介偏差：多分销渠道下最优保险选择的障碍

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102458

Claire Mouminoux , Jean-Louis Rullière , Stéphane Loisel

This paper explores the challenges that insurance purchasers face when selecting from multiple distribution channels and their impact on insurance demand optimality. It investigates the choice between independently assessing various insurance contracts or relying on potentially dishonest intermediaries. We use a lab experiment mimicking real-world insurance distribution channels with varying informational frameworks, where information is gathered in exchange for search costs. Search costs deter some individuals from thorough exploration, preventing them from finding optimal contracts. However, suboptimality in choices also arises for those exploring extensively, due to choice overload. Lastly, some individuals prefer to delegate to intermediaries, but intermediaries are likely to deviate from optimal advice due to their own financial incentives. Overall, we find that brokers yield the highest rate of optimal choices, but these choices also come at a higher cost.

本文探讨了保险购买者在选择多个分销渠道时所面临的挑战及其对保险需求最优性的影响。它调查了独立评估各种保险合同或依赖可能不诚实的中介机构之间的选择。我们使用了一个实验室实验，模拟了现实世界中具有不同信息框架的保险分销渠道，其中收集信息以换取搜索成本。搜索成本阻碍了一些人进行彻底的探索，使他们无法找到最优契约。然而，由于选择过载，对于那些广泛探索的人来说，选择中的次优性也会出现。最后，一些个人倾向于委托给中介机构，但中介机构可能由于自身的经济激励而偏离最佳建议。总的来说，我们发现经纪人的最优选择率最高，但这些选择的成本也更高。

引用次数: 0

Future time perspective and job satisfaction in financial planning for retirement 退休财务规划的未来时间观与工作满意度

IF 1.6 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102415

Fernando Coral Polanco

The analysis of the role that job satisfaction (JS) can play in a psychological model of financial planning for retirement (FPR) is an original contribution of this research. The study focuses on a sample of the Spanish population, necessitating an appropriate measure of FPR. The findings provide robust evidence that psychological factors—such as Future Time Perspective (FTP), operationalized through the Consideration of Future Consequences construct in this study—are the primary drivers of FPR. The influence of psychological factors is further strengthened by their role as mediators between sociodemographic variables and FPR. Moreover, JS exerts a negative but moderate influence on FPR, providing opportunities for public policy interventions. The stability of these relationships was assessed using multi-group structural equation modeling, revealing significant differences across age groups, which stimulate further research.

工作满意度在退休财务规划心理模型中的作用分析是本研究的原创性贡献。这项研究的重点是西班牙人口的样本，因此有必要对FPR进行适当的测量。研究结果提供了强有力的证据，表明心理因素——如未来时间视角（FTP），在本研究中通过对未来后果的考虑构建来运作——是FPR的主要驱动因素。心理因素在社会人口变量与FPR之间的中介作用进一步加强了心理因素的影响。此外，JS对FPR产生负向但适度的影响，为公共政策干预提供了机会。使用多组结构方程模型评估了这些关系的稳定性，揭示了不同年龄组之间的显著差异，从而激发了进一步的研究。

引用次数: 0

Drivers of tax compliance: Survey evidence from 1761 Greek micro-firms 税收合规的驱动因素：来自1761个希腊微型企业的调查证据

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102480

Augustinos Dimitras , Vasileios Fourlas , Erich Kirchler , George Peppas

In countries where tax compliance is low and tax evasion is widespread, the specific compliance behavior of micro-business owners remains poorly understood. This study addresses this gap by analyzing both voluntary and enforced tax compliance among a nationally representative sample of 1761 micro-business owners in Greece. Guided by the Slippery Slope Framework (SSF), we find that trust in tax authorities is closely associated with voluntary compliance, whereas perceptions of coercive power are primarily linked to enforced compliance. Notably, women leading micro-businesses report higher trust and stronger compliance intentions across both motivational types. Perceptions of fairness, legitimacy, and corruption, as well as emotional responses toward tax authorities, are related to trust and indirectly associated with voluntary compliance. Our findings underscore the central role of trust in understanding cooperative taxpayer behavior and suggest that service-oriented, transparent, and fair administrative practices could support greater voluntary compliance, particularly within the micro-business sector.

在税收遵从率低、逃税现象普遍的国家，对小企业主的具体遵从行为仍知之甚少。本研究通过分析希腊1761个具有全国代表性的小企业主的自愿和强制纳税情况来解决这一差距。在滑坡框架（SSF）的指导下，我们发现对税务机关的信任与自愿合规密切相关，而对强制权力的看法主要与强制合规相关。值得注意的是，在两种激励类型中，女性领导的微型企业报告了更高的信任度和更强的合规意愿。对公平、合法性和腐败的看法以及对税务机关的情绪反应与信任有关，并与自愿遵守间接相关。我们的研究结果强调了信任在理解纳税人合作行为中的核心作用，并建议以服务为导向、透明和公平的行政实践可以支持更多的自愿遵守，特别是在微型企业部门。

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引用次数: 0

Time pressure and motivated delay effects on sanctioning in a social dilemma: Experimental evidence 社会困境中时间压力和动机延迟对制裁的影响：实验证据

IF 1.6 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102403

Todd Guilfoos , Jordan F. Suter

We examine intuitive and deliberative cognitive processes on collective action through sanctioning in a social dilemma using two experiments with cognitive manipulations. The first experiment applies time pressure during the voting stage for sanctions to prompt quick and intuitive thought processes to the decision. The second experiment applies a motivated delay treatment to enact deliberative cognitive processes to the voting stage. We find that time pressure and motivated delay do not effect voting for cooperative rules.

我们考察了直觉和审慎的认知过程，通过制裁在社会困境中使用两个实验与认知操作集体行动。第一个实验是在制裁的投票阶段施加时间压力，以促使决策的快速和直观的思维过程。第二个实验采用动机延迟处理来制定投票阶段的审议性认知过程。我们发现时间压力和动机延迟不影响对合作规则的投票。

引用次数: 0

Unintended consequences of nudges: Challenges in improving attitudes towards shared e-scooters 轻推的意外后果：改善对共享电动滑板车态度的挑战

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102437

Neel Ocean, Roger Woodman

As part of a push towards sustainable transportation, there have been several rental e-scooter trials in UK cities. However, vandalism and mistreatment have plagued these schemes, and the adoption of e-scooters remains low. We test the effectiveness of nudges designed to improve attitudes towards shared e-scooters, as well as increase uptake. These are based on three main mechanisms: ownership, social norm messaging, and social status signalling. Using randomised survey experiments, we find that our main ownership and social status nudges are not only ineffective, they worsen attitudes towards shared e-scooters and reduce intended uptake. Injunctive norm messaging did not have any significant impact on stated adoption or willingness to report misuse. Our results highlight the potential consequences of nudges that backfire. We recommend carefully testing proposed nudges within the intended context before implementation, even if they have been successful in a different context, in order to avoid negative consequences.

作为推动可持续交通的一部分，英国城市已经进行了几次租赁电动滑板车试验。然而，破坏和虐待行为一直困扰着这些计划，电动滑板车的使用率仍然很低。我们测试了旨在改善对共享电动滑板车的态度以及增加吸收率的推动的有效性。这些基于三种主要机制：所有权、社会规范信息和社会地位信号。通过随机调查实验，我们发现我们的主要所有权和社会地位的推动不仅是无效的，他们恶化了对共享电动滑板车的态度，减少了预期的吸收。禁令规范消息传递对声明的采用或报告滥用的意愿没有任何重大影响。我们的研究结果强调了轻推适得其反的潜在后果。我们建议在实施之前在预期的环境中仔细测试提议的推动，即使它们在不同的环境中取得了成功，以避免负面后果。

引用次数: 0

Evaluating behavioural strategies for environmental cooperation: Evidence from a public goods game 评估环境合作的行为策略：来自公共产品博弈的证据

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102464

Valeria Faralla , Alessandro Innocenti

In a laboratory experiment, this study investigates the effectiveness of different behavioural interventions designed to promote climate-friendly behaviours within the framework of a public good game. The results show that educative nudging, which involves providing information-based cues to encourage contribution levels, significantly increased participant cooperation levels. In contrast, non-educative nudges, a classical default option, and boosting techniques proved less effective in fostering collaborative behaviour. While participants generally perceived educational interventions favourably, their acceptability declined when considering real-life applications, and the acceptability of nudging/boosting instruments in experimental and real-life contexts was not significant in terms of contributions to the game. The study also finds that individuals with stronger environmental values were more inclined to contribute to the public good. These results underscore the importance of effectiveness and ethical concerns regarding the acceptability of behavioural interventions in decision-making, suggesting the need for further research to refine these approaches and enhance their long-term impact in real-world settings.

在一项实验室实验中，本研究调查了旨在促进公共利益博弈框架内气候友好行为的不同行为干预措施的有效性。结果表明，通过提供基于信息的提示来鼓励贡献水平的教育性推动显著提高了参与者的合作水平。相比之下，非教育性的推动（一种经典的默认选择）和促进技术在培养合作行为方面被证明效果较差。虽然参与者普遍认为教育干预是有利的，但当考虑到现实生活中的应用时，他们的可接受性就会下降，而在实验和现实环境中，轻推/促进工具的可接受性在对游戏的贡献方面并不显著。研究还发现，具有更强环境价值观的个人更倾向于为公共利益做出贡献。这些结果强调了决策中行为干预的有效性和可接受性的伦理问题的重要性，表明需要进一步研究以完善这些方法并增强其在现实环境中的长期影响。

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引用次数: 0

Rank versus inequality—Does gender composition matter? 排名与不平等——性别构成重要吗？

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102466

Duk Gyoo Kim , Max Riegel

This study investigates the influence of gender composition on allocation decisions involving a rank–inequality tradeoff. In a real-time online experiment, participants chose to either alleviate inequality by relinquishing their current relative rank or exacerbate inequality while maintaining their current rank. Two essential features of the experiment are: (1) participants’ relative rank is the outcome of their real-effort performance and luck; (2) participants’ genders are naturally revealed by gender-specific nicknames. We found that female participants are more reluctant to relinquish their current relative rank when the persons ranked below and above them are of the opposite gender. This tendency was less pronounced in the male participants.

本研究探讨性别构成对分配决策的影响，涉及等级不平等的权衡。在一项实时在线实验中，参与者要么选择放弃当前的相对排名来缓解不平等，要么选择在保持当前排名的同时加剧不平等。实验的两个基本特征是：(1)参与者的相对排名是他们的实际努力表现和运气的结果；(2)参与者的性别会自然地被性别昵称所揭示。我们发现，女性参与者更不愿意放弃她们目前的相对地位，当排名低于和高于她们的人是异性。这种趋势在男性参与者中不那么明显。

引用次数: 0

The honest (electricity) thief—Experimental evidence on the relationship between electricity theft and social norms 诚实（电）贼——电盗窃与社会规范关系的实验证据

IF 1.4 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102457

Esther Schuch , Maria Apergi , Luis Correa Lindarte

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim for universal access to affordable and reliable clean energy by 2030, but especially in rural areas this has not been achieved yet. Small scale electricity theft is one of the major obstacles to achieving electrification access in many countries of the Global South. Electricity theft has been associated with a number of different factors such as poverty, quality of electricity services, and social norms. Electricity theft causes problems that not only affect the electricity providers but have negative effects on whole communities. Combating electricity theft effectively requires a better understanding of the underlying causes. To analyse the role of dishonesty in electricity theft, we use the die-in-a-cup game to establish the prevalence of dishonest behaviour within Puebloviejo, Magdalena, a community in Colombia. We combine the game with a survey-based social norm elicitation to identify the predominant social norms. We find that acceptance of electricity theft is conditional on the reason, with poverty being the justification with the highest support. We find clear differences of dishonesty between people condoning or opposing electricity theft, with people condoning electricity theft being more honest.

可持续发展目标（sdg）旨在到2030年普及负担得起和可靠的清洁能源，但这一目标在农村地区尚未实现。小规模的电力盗窃是全球南方许多国家实现电气化的主要障碍之一。电力盗窃与许多不同的因素有关，如贫困、电力服务质量和社会规范。电力盗窃不仅会影响电力供应商，还会对整个社区产生负面影响。有效打击窃电行为需要更好地了解其根本原因。为了分析不诚实在电力盗窃中的作用，我们使用“杯中死亡”游戏来确定哥伦比亚马格达莱纳普韦布洛维耶霍社区中不诚实行为的普遍程度。我们将游戏与基于调查的社会规范启发结合起来，以确定主要的社会规范。我们发现，对窃电行为的接受是有条件的，其中贫困是支持度最高的正当理由。我们发现，容忍和反对偷电的人在不诚实方面存在明显差异，容忍偷电的人更诚实。

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