Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1017/s0266078424000245
Mingyou Xiang, Xiao Jiang
Concerning the “ungrammatical” interrogative form aren't I, many scholars have made their points. However, these scholars’ arguments are based on their personal observations and few studies have examined this phenomenon against large corpora. This study aimed at investigating the widespread usage of “ungrammatical” contraction form aren't I in question tags from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Based on large corpora, this study showed a clear picture of the current frequency of use of the question tags aren't I and other alternatives (amn't I, ain't I, am I not and an't I) in modern English. From a qualitative perspective, this study found that the reason why aren't I has taken hold as a recognized standard form around the globe lies in that the use of aren't I appears to be a smart coincidence to imply the potential double roles of “I” as both the addresser and the addressee in a monologue. In addition, the fact of the matter that amn't I is difficult to pronounce, am I not is bookish, an't I is old-fashioned and ain't I can only be used in informal situations, increases the popularity of aren't I. The findings of this study can justify the usage of “ungrammatical” aren't I as a natural norm in both British English and American English. These findings open new research avenues alongside pedagogical and sociolinguistic implications for other similar “ungrammatical” language phenomenon.
关于 "不合语法 "的疑问句形式 aren't I，许多学者都提出了自己的观点。然而，这些学者的论点都是基于他们的个人观察，很少有研究针对大型语料库对这一现象进行研究。本研究旨在从定量和定性两个角度调查 "不合语法 "的缩略形式 aren't I 在疑问标签中的广泛使用。基于大型语料库，本研究清楚地显示了当前现代英语中疑问标签 aren't I 及其他替代形式（amn't I、ain't I、am I not 和 an't I）的使用频率。本研究从定性的角度发现，aren't I 成为全球公认的标准形式的原因在于，aren't I 的使用似乎是一个巧妙的巧合，暗示了 "我 "在独白中既是称呼者又是被称呼者的潜在双重角色。此外，amn't I 难发音，am I not 书生气，an't I 过时，ain't I 只能在非正式场合使用，这些事实都增加了 aren't I 的受欢迎程度。这些发现为其他类似的 "不合语法 "语言现象开辟了新的研究途径，同时也对教学和社会语言学产生了影响。
{"title":"A corpus-based study on the “ungrammatical” aren't I","authors":"Mingyou Xiang, Xiao Jiang","doi":"10.1017/s0266078424000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266078424000245","url":null,"abstract":"Concerning the “ungrammatical” interrogative form <jats:italic>aren't I</jats:italic>, many scholars have made their points. However, these scholars’ arguments are based on their personal observations and few studies have examined this phenomenon against large corpora. This study aimed at investigating the widespread usage of “ungrammatical” contraction form <jats:italic>aren't I</jats:italic> in question tags from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Based on large corpora, this study showed a clear picture of the current frequency of use of the question tags <jats:italic>aren't I</jats:italic> and other alternatives (<jats:italic>amn't I</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ain't I</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>am I not</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>an't I</jats:italic>) in modern English. From a qualitative perspective, this study found that the reason why <jats:italic>aren't I</jats:italic> has taken hold as a recognized standard form around the globe lies in that the use of <jats:italic>aren't I</jats:italic> appears to be a smart coincidence to imply the potential double roles of “I” as both the addresser and the addressee in a monologue. In addition, the fact of the matter that <jats:italic>amn't I</jats:italic> is difficult to pronounce, <jats:italic>am I not</jats:italic> is bookish, <jats:italic>an't I</jats:italic> is old-fashioned and <jats:italic>ain't I</jats:italic> can only be used in informal situations, increases the popularity of <jats:italic>aren't I</jats:italic>. The findings of this study can justify the usage of “ungrammatical” <jats:italic>aren't I</jats:italic> as a natural norm in both British English and American English. These findings open new research avenues alongside pedagogical and sociolinguistic implications for other similar “ungrammatical” language phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":51710,"journal":{"name":"English Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1017/s0266078424000142
Satoshi Nambu
Through the analysis of English in the linguistic landscape (LL) of Tokyo, this article demonstrates the diverse functions of English on signage and argues that the use of English in different areas of Tokyo mirrors the distinct socioeconomic characteristics of each area, aiming to highlight how English contributes to shaping the multifaceted Tokyo's cityscape. This study specifically contrasts the three areas: Asakusa and Tsukiji, Shibuya, and Roppongi and Azabu. The data consists of photographed signs, supplemented with fieldnotes, obtained from fieldwork in 2023. Considering all the aspects of the observed signs, the diverse English use on signage can be viewed as a manifestation of its proliferation and localisation as a global language, adapting to a diverse audience, including Japanese locals, visitors from overseas, and local foreign residents. As a result of such manifestation, along with the varied functions and interplay with social contexts, the aggregate of English signs of each area collectively crafts the complexity of Tokyo's mosaic cityscape.
{"title":"English signage shaping Tokyo's mosaic cityscape","authors":"Satoshi Nambu","doi":"10.1017/s0266078424000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266078424000142","url":null,"abstract":"Through the analysis of English in the linguistic landscape (LL) of Tokyo, this article demonstrates the diverse functions of English on signage and argues that the use of English in different areas of Tokyo mirrors the distinct socioeconomic characteristics of each area, aiming to highlight how English contributes to shaping the multifaceted Tokyo's cityscape. This study specifically contrasts the three areas: Asakusa and Tsukiji, Shibuya, and Roppongi and Azabu. The data consists of photographed signs, supplemented with fieldnotes, obtained from fieldwork in 2023. Considering all the aspects of the observed signs, the diverse English use on signage can be viewed as a manifestation of its proliferation and localisation as a global language, adapting to a diverse audience, including Japanese locals, visitors from overseas, and local foreign residents. As a result of such manifestation, along with the varied functions and interplay with social contexts, the aggregate of English signs of each area collectively crafts the complexity of Tokyo's mosaic cityscape.","PeriodicalId":51710,"journal":{"name":"English Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1017/s0266078424000130
Katja Haapanen, Antti Saloranta, Kimmo U. Peltola, Henna Tamminen, Lannie Uwu-khaeb, Maija S. Peltola
The aim of this study was to examine spoken Namibian English by investigating how multilingual Namibian speakers produce vowel durations in pre-lenis and pre-fortis positions, and how those vowel durations compare to British English vowel durations in the same words. In British English and most other English varieties, vowel duration is affected by the voicing of the following consonant, so that vowels preceding phonologically voiced consonants are longer (pre-lenis lengthening) and vowels preceding phonologically voiceless consonants are shorter (pre-fortis clipping). The production data was collected using orthographic stimuli that were monosyllabic English words with voiced and voiceless final consonants after the target vowels. The data were collected from 14 multilingual Namibian English speakers. The vowel durations produced by the speakers in pre-lenis and pre-fortis position were first compared to each other and then to those produced by nine British English speakers in an earlier study. The results showed that the pre-lenis vowels were clearly longer than the pre-fortis vowels, and there were no differences between Namibian and British English vowel durations in most of the tested words. The results offer new insights into the realization of vowel duration in pre-lenis and pre-fortis positions in Namibian English.
{"title":"Production of English vowel duration by multilingual speakers of Namibian English","authors":"Katja Haapanen, Antti Saloranta, Kimmo U. Peltola, Henna Tamminen, Lannie Uwu-khaeb, Maija S. Peltola","doi":"10.1017/s0266078424000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266078424000130","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine spoken Namibian English by investigating how multilingual Namibian speakers produce vowel durations in pre-lenis and pre-fortis positions, and how those vowel durations compare to British English vowel durations in the same words. In British English and most other English varieties, vowel duration is affected by the voicing of the following consonant, so that vowels preceding phonologically voiced consonants are longer (pre-lenis lengthening) and vowels preceding phonologically voiceless consonants are shorter (pre-fortis clipping). The production data was collected using orthographic stimuli that were monosyllabic English words with voiced and voiceless final consonants after the target vowels. The data were collected from 14 multilingual Namibian English speakers. The vowel durations produced by the speakers in pre-lenis and pre-fortis position were first compared to each other and then to those produced by nine British English speakers in an earlier study. The results showed that the pre-lenis vowels were clearly longer than the pre-fortis vowels, and there were no differences between Namibian and British English vowel durations in most of the tested words. The results offer new insights into the realization of vowel duration in pre-lenis and pre-fortis positions in Namibian English.","PeriodicalId":51710,"journal":{"name":"English Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1017/s0266078424000075
Anna Kristina Hultgren, Anu Upadhaya, Lauren O'Hagan, Peter Wingrove, Amina Adamu, Mari Greenfield, Lorena Lombardozzi, Pramod K. Sah, Ismaila A. Tsiga, Aishat Umar, Freda Wolfenden
In our community, girls do not need this [English-medium education]. Interview with male teacher Nepal is classified as a low-middle income country (World Bank, 2023), and like other such countries, it is under international pressure to attain gender equality targets in order to receive international aid. However, Nepal is also permeated by widespread perceptions that girls are subordinate to boys, which influences girls’ access to education, information, health and the labour market (Upadhaya & Sah, 2019). Women face restrictions in terms of their basic ability to ‘independently venture outside the household, maintain the privacy of their bank accounts, use mobile phones, or become employed’ (Karki & Mix, 2022: 413). Illiteracy disproportionately affects females, with 58.95% of illiterates being women and girls (UNESCO, 2021). Notwithstanding this, recent years have seen some progress in enhancing gender equality in Nepal, and females currently enjoy higher enrolment rates than males across secondary education (UNESCO, 2023). This article, however, provides evidence that the recent trend to offer English-medium education risks setting back progress made by creating a gender-differentiated system that could yield different outcomes for boys and girls and potentially restrict girls’ future trajectories post school and contribute to broader gender inequality in society.
{"title":"English-medium education and the perpetuation of girls’ disadvantage","authors":"Anna Kristina Hultgren, Anu Upadhaya, Lauren O'Hagan, Peter Wingrove, Amina Adamu, Mari Greenfield, Lorena Lombardozzi, Pramod K. Sah, Ismaila A. Tsiga, Aishat Umar, Freda Wolfenden","doi":"10.1017/s0266078424000075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266078424000075","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:disp-quote> In our community, girls do not need this [English-medium education]. <jats:attrib> <jats:italic>Interview with male teacher</jats:italic> </jats:attrib> </jats:disp-quote> Nepal is classified as a low-middle income country (World Bank, 2023), and like other such countries, it is under international pressure to attain gender equality targets in order to receive international aid. However, Nepal is also permeated by widespread perceptions that girls are subordinate to boys, which influences girls’ access to education, information, health and the labour market (Upadhaya & Sah, 2019). Women face restrictions in terms of their basic ability to ‘independently venture outside the household, maintain the privacy of their bank accounts, use mobile phones, or become employed’ (Karki & Mix, 2022: 413). Illiteracy disproportionately affects females, with 58.95% of illiterates being women and girls (UNESCO, 2021). Notwithstanding this, recent years have seen some progress in enhancing gender equality in Nepal, and females currently enjoy higher enrolment rates than males across secondary education (UNESCO, 2023). This article, however, provides evidence that the recent trend to offer English-medium education risks setting back progress made by creating a gender-differentiated system that could yield different outcomes for boys and girls and potentially restrict girls’ future trajectories post school and contribute to broader gender inequality in society.","PeriodicalId":51710,"journal":{"name":"English Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1017/s0266078424000099
Sarah Josefine Schaefer
Although English has no official status in countries of the expanding circle such as Germany (Kachru, 1985), English words and phrases, which are also referred to as anglicisms, can often be found in German mass media texts (Czech Rogoyska & Zboch, 2016; Fiedler, 2022; Glahn, 2002; Knospe, 2014; Onysko, 2004, 2007). In this context, previous research has paid much attention to the stylistic functions of anglicisms used by the mass media, often analysing brevity of expression and pragmatic functions of anglicisms, in particular how anglicisms are used to convey modernity (amongst others Piller, 2001; Winter–Froemel, Onysko & Calude, 2014). While such studies are usually exclusively based on analyses of German media corpora, this article enhances the current discourse on the developments around stylistic functions of English in German media texts by providing some insights from a larger research project which investigates shaping factors on radio content production and radio journalists’ perspectives on the use of anglicisms in the newsroom. In line with the overall results of the larger project, the analysis presented in this paper provides a brief overview of selected interview statements by adult contemporary radio journalists on whether anglicisms are used for reasons of brevity of expression and on their attitudes towards the use of English for conveying modernity on radio. The format of adult contemporary radio in Germany, in particular, has had a strong connection to the English language and Anglo-American culture from its very beginning, which makes it a prime example for such an analysis.
{"title":"Stylistic functions of anglicisms in German radio","authors":"Sarah Josefine Schaefer","doi":"10.1017/s0266078424000099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266078424000099","url":null,"abstract":"Although English has no official status in countries of the expanding circle such as Germany (Kachru, 1985), English words and phrases, which are also referred to as anglicisms, can often be found in German mass media texts (Czech Rogoyska & Zboch, 2016; Fiedler, 2022; Glahn, 2002; Knospe, 2014; Onysko, 2004, 2007). In this context, previous research has paid much attention to the stylistic functions of anglicisms used by the mass media, often analysing brevity of expression and pragmatic functions of anglicisms, in particular how anglicisms are used to convey modernity (amongst others Piller, 2001; Winter–Froemel, Onysko & Calude, 2014). While such studies are usually exclusively based on analyses of German media corpora, this article enhances the current discourse on the developments around stylistic functions of English in German media texts by providing some insights from a larger research project which investigates shaping factors on radio content production and radio journalists’ perspectives on the use of anglicisms in the newsroom. In line with the overall results of the larger project, the analysis presented in this paper provides a brief overview of selected interview statements by adult contemporary radio journalists on whether anglicisms are used for reasons of brevity of expression and on their attitudes towards the use of English for conveying modernity on radio. The format of adult contemporary radio in Germany, in particular, has had a strong connection to the English language and Anglo-American culture from its very beginning, which makes it a prime example for such an analysis.","PeriodicalId":51710,"journal":{"name":"English Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140938908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.1017/s0266078424000087
Y. Köylü
Kirkpatrick and Lixun (2021) maintain that two significant morphosyntactic processes have been at play in early Englishes. These are simplification and regularization. Simplification refers to the relatively simplified inflectional morphology in English today. Kirkpatrick and Lixun (2021) provide an example for the word stan (i.e., stone in Old English) that showed great differences in the singular and plural form in nominative, accusative, genitive and dative case in Old English. Another process is regularization, through which some of the strong verb forms for past tense in English have changed to take the weak or the regular form. To illustrate, the past tense of work was wrought but over time, it has changed to worked.
{"title":"Syntactic variation in Hong Kong English","authors":"Y. Köylü","doi":"10.1017/s0266078424000087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266078424000087","url":null,"abstract":"Kirkpatrick and Lixun (2021) maintain that two significant morphosyntactic processes have been at play in early Englishes. These are simplification and regularization. Simplification refers to the relatively simplified inflectional morphology in English today. Kirkpatrick and Lixun (2021) provide an example for the word stan (i.e., stone in Old English) that showed great differences in the singular and plural form in nominative, accusative, genitive and dative case in Old English. Another process is regularization, through which some of the strong verb forms for past tense in English have changed to take the weak or the regular form. To illustrate, the past tense of work was wrought but over time, it has changed to worked.","PeriodicalId":51710,"journal":{"name":"English Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1017/s0266078424000038
Matthew J. Gordon
{"title":"The rise of the idea of an American English - Ingrid Paulsen, The Emergence of American English as a Discursive Variety: Tracing Enregisterment Processes in Nineteenth-Century U.S. Newspapers. Berlin: Language Science Press, 2022. Pp. vi+450. eBook open access, ISBN: 978-3-96110-338-6","authors":"Matthew J. Gordon","doi":"10.1017/s0266078424000038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266078424000038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51710,"journal":{"name":"English Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1017/s0266078423000433
Carrie A. Ankerstein
In a short, accessible book Linguistics: Why it Matters, Geoffrey Pullum, a leader in the field, offered an overview of what the study of linguistics is for the lay reader. In the penultimate chapter, titled ‘Machines that understand us’, Pullum (2018) set out to show what it would mean for computers to be able to use language like a human. He argued it would have to go beyond simple spoken or written word recognition and include processing of complex and novel structures. In this article, using ChatGPT, I revisit the tests that Pullum originally ran with Google and Microsoft Word, likewise for an audience curious about, but unfamiliar with, large language models.
在一本简短易懂的《语言学：该领域的领军人物杰弗里-普勒姆（Geoffrey Pullum）向普通读者概述了语言学研究的意义。在题为 "理解我们的机器 "的倒数第二章中，普勒姆（2018 年）试图说明计算机能够像人类一样使用语言意味着什么。他认为，这必须超越简单的口语或书面文字识别，包括对复杂和新颖结构的处理。在这篇文章中，我使用 ChatGPT 重温了普鲁姆最初使用谷歌和微软 Word 进行的测试，同样也是为了那些对大型语言模型感到好奇但又不熟悉的读者。
{"title":"A machine that still doesn't quite understand us: Putting ChatGPT to the test","authors":"Carrie A. Ankerstein","doi":"10.1017/s0266078423000433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266078423000433","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a short, accessible book <span>Linguistics: Why it Matters</span>, Geoffrey Pullum, a leader in the field, offered an overview of what the study of linguistics is for the lay reader. In the penultimate chapter, titled ‘Machines that understand us’, Pullum (2018) set out to show what it would mean for computers to be able to use language like a human. He argued it would have to go beyond simple spoken or written word recognition and include processing of complex and novel structures. In this article, using ChatGPT, I revisit the tests that Pullum originally ran with Google and Microsoft Word, likewise for an audience curious about, but unfamiliar with, large language models.</p>","PeriodicalId":51710,"journal":{"name":"English Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139421837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1017/s0266078423000469
Jacqueline Hirsh Greene, Hans–Jörg Schmid
A catapult into the world of social media, the title of our paper may be incoherent to some readers. What on earth does POV: me, an empath, sensing the linguistic urge ( . . . ) mean, and when and why would speakers say it? The title contains a jumble of three so-called text-memes – (1) POV, (2) me, an empath, VERB-ing X, and (3) the X urge to Y – all of which will be encountered in this paper. What we are calling ‘text-memes’ are memes that, in fairly neutral terms, have a purely textual form, as opposed to a pictorial one. Similar phenomena, which differ regarding their forms and functions, however, have been labelled ‘snowclones’ or ‘phrasal templates’ (cf. Pullum & Whitman, 2004; Know Your Meme, 2007–).
作为社交媒体世界的催化剂，我们这篇论文的标题可能会让一些读者感到不伦不类。POV: me, an empath, sensing the linguistic urge ( ......) "到底是什么意思？这个标题包含了三个所谓的文本记忆--(1) POV，(2) 我，一个移情者，VERB-ing X，(3) X 对 Y 的冲动--所有这些在本文中都会遇到。我们所说的 "文本记忆 "是指用相当中性的术语来说，具有纯文本形式而非图像形式的记忆。然而，类似的现象在形式和功能上有所不同，它们被称为 "雪克隆 "或 "短语模板"（参见 Pullum & Whitman, 2004; Know Your Meme, 2007-）。
{"title":"POV: me, an empath, sensing the linguistic urge . . . to study the forms and functions of text-memes","authors":"Jacqueline Hirsh Greene, Hans–Jörg Schmid","doi":"10.1017/s0266078423000469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266078423000469","url":null,"abstract":"A catapult into the world of social media, the title of our paper may be incoherent to some readers. What on earth does <jats:italic>POV: me, an empath, sensing the linguistic urge</jats:italic> ( . . . ) mean, and when and why would speakers say it? The title contains a jumble of three so-called <jats:italic>text-memes</jats:italic> – (1) <jats:italic>POV</jats:italic>, (2) <jats:italic>me, an empath</jats:italic>, VERB<jats:italic>-ing</jats:italic> X, and (3) <jats:italic>the</jats:italic> X <jats:italic>urge to</jats:italic> Y – all of which will be encountered in this paper. What we are calling ‘text-memes’ are memes that, in fairly neutral terms, have a purely textual form, as opposed to a pictorial one. Similar phenomena, which differ regarding their forms and functions, however, have been labelled ‘snowclones’ or ‘phrasal templates’ (cf. Pullum & Whitman, 2004; Know Your Meme, 2007–).","PeriodicalId":51710,"journal":{"name":"English Today","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139374362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.1017/s0266078423000378
Caroline Wiltshire
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