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Educated Nollywood artistes’ accent as a Normative Standard of English pronunciation in Nigeria 受过教育的诺莱坞艺术家的口音是尼日利亚英语发音的规范标准
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0266078422000207
R. Oladipupo, Elizabeth Akinfenwa
The English language, although a second language, plays a prominent role in Nigeria. As the official language in the media, governmental administration, education, law courts, commerce, entertainment and politics, it has assumed a hegemonic position over indigenous Nigerian languages (Oladipupo, 2021). In view of its long years of interaction with these languages, the absence of native models, and the influence of Nigerian teachers who lack Standard English pronunciation competence (Awonusi, 2015; Akinjobi, 2020), it has been nativised and acculturated (Adegbija, 2004). This has, therefore, resulted in a Nigerian English (NigE) variety that is markedly different from Standard British English, its precursor and target model, at the syntactic (e.g., Akinlotan, 2021), pragmatic (e.g., Fuchs, Gut & Soneye, 2013) and phonological (e.g., Awonusi, 2015; Akinola & Oladipupo, 2021) levels.
英语虽然是第二语言,但在尼日利亚扮演着重要的角色。作为媒体、政府管理、教育、法院、商业、娱乐和政治的官方语言,它已经占据了尼日利亚土著语言的霸权地位(Oladipupo, 2021)。鉴于其与这些语言的长期互动,缺乏本土模式,以及缺乏标准英语发音能力的尼日利亚教师的影响(Awonusi, 2015;Akinjobi, 2020),它已被本土化和适应(Adegbija, 2004)。因此,这导致了尼日利亚英语(NigE)在句法(例如,Akinlotan, 2021)、语用(例如,Fuchs, Gut & Soneye, 2013)和音系(例如,Awonusi, 2015;Akinola & Oladipupo, 2021)级别。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 社论
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0266078422000232
S. Miguel
On September 8, 2021, the then German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, met Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie for a dialogue in Düsseldorf’s Schauspielhaus theatre. Adichie had just published Notes on Grief, but the two women’s talk largely centred around her commitment to feminism. Adichie rose to fame after her novel Americanah was published in 2013. Both the BBC and the New York Times Book Review acclaimed it as one of the most influential books of the decade, establishing Adichie firmly among the most important English-language writers. TEDx talks, Beyoncé’s sampling her 2013 TEDx speech ‘We should all be feminists’ in her song ‘Flawless’ and the use of exactly that slogan on t-shirts by luxury brand Dior have established her well beyond the intellectual writers’ scene. Adichie’s contemporaries include Ayobami Adebayo, Sefi Atta, Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani, and Chibundu Onuzo, among many others. In fact, Nigerian novelists have successfully contributed to the international English-language literature scene for decades, ever since Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1958). As well as in high literature, Nigeria has also established itself in the film and music industry. Known around the world as Nollywood, Nigerian films continue to spread across and influence the film scenes elsewhere on the African continent, such as Wakaliwood, a film studio located in Uganda’s capital Kampala. These developments indicate that English in Nigeria is no longer the sole provenance of elites, giving rise to an English-medium cultural scene. Nativised Nigerian English has strongly established itself both in an institutionalised and standardising variety as well as in its pidignised form, Nigerian Pidgin English, and a number of other sub-varieties. It is particularly Nigerian Pidgin English, for which world-wide influence has been documented (Mair, 2013). Of course, these developments are mirrored in research on varieties of English. When the concept of world Englishes originated at two conferences in 1978, at the East-West Center in Hawaii and at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Nigerian English was part of the endeavour, at the time represented through Ayo Bamgbose, who is now in his early 90s. A decade later, when Sidney Greenbaum (1988) proposed the collection of corpora of English to complement those covering British and American English, Nigeria was, besides India, singled out to represent countries where English is an official language in what today is known as the International Corpus of English (ICE). However, it took until 2007 for the idea of a Nigerian component to be (re-)conceived by Ulrike Gut. When the Nigeria component became available to the research community in 2014, the corpus was presumably the fastest collected one within the ICE family. This was due to the excellent work of Ulrike Gut, who lead the ICE-Nigeria team, but particularly to a highly successful collaboration with local Nigerian colleagues. This success is matched by a
2021年9月8日,时任德国总理安格拉·默克尔在杜塞尔多夫的Schauspielhaus剧院会见了尼日利亚作家奇玛曼达·恩戈齐·阿迪奇,进行对话。阿迪奇刚刚出版了《悲伤笔记》,但两位女性的谈话主要围绕着她对女权主义的承诺。阿迪奇的小说《Americanah》于2013年出版后一举成名。英国广播公司和《纽约时报书评》都称赞这本书是十年来最具影响力的书之一,使阿迪奇成为最重要的英语作家之一。在TEDx演讲中,碧昂斯在2013年TEDx的歌曲《Flawless》中引用了她的演讲“我们都应该是女权主义者”,奢侈品牌迪奥在t恤衫上使用了这句口号,这让她远远超出了知识分子作家的视野。Adichie的同时代人包括Ayobami Adebayo、Sefi Atta、Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani和Chibundu Onuzo等。事实上,自Chinua Achebe的《分崩离析》(1958)以来,尼日利亚小说家几十年来一直成功地为国际英语文学界做出贡献。除了在高等文学领域,尼日利亚也在电影和音乐行业站稳了脚跟。尼日利亚电影在世界各地被称为诺莱坞,它继续在非洲大陆其他地方传播并影响电影场景,比如位于乌干达首都坎帕拉的Wakaliwood电影制片厂。这些发展表明,尼日利亚的英语不再是精英的唯一来源,从而产生了以英语为媒介的文化场景。尼日利亚本土英语在制度化和标准化的变体中以及在其洋泾浜英语和其他一些亚变体中都有着强大的地位。尤其是尼日利亚洋泾浜英语,其世界影响力已被记录在案(Mair,2013)。当然,这些发展反映在对英语变体的研究中。1978年,当世界英语的概念在夏威夷东西方中心和伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的两次会议上产生时,尼日利亚英语是这一努力的一部分,当时由90岁出头的Ayo Bamgbose代表。十年后,当西德尼·格林鲍姆(1988)提出收集英语语料库以补充涵盖英国和美国英语的语料库时,尼日利亚除了印度之外,还被选为今天被称为国际英语语料库(ICE)中英语为官方语言的国家的代表。然而,直到2007年,Ulrike Gut才重新构思出尼日利亚组件的想法。当尼日利亚部分于2014年向研究界提供时,该语料库可能是ICE家族中收集速度最快的语料库。这要归功于ICE尼日利亚团队负责人Ulrike Gut的出色工作,尤其是与尼日利亚当地同事的合作非常成功。与这一成功相匹配的是,像阿迪奇这样解放的学者在该国开展了大量的研究。在过去的几十年里,对非洲英语变体的研究总体上有了巨大的增长。令人高兴的是,非洲同事最近参与了这项工作,促成了包括尼日利亚在内的非洲和与非洲的研究。非洲大陆和世界各地的许多大学都为这一发展做出了贡献,鼓励开放获取倡议,并帮助培养成功的博士候选人完成学位。如今,其中许多人在自己的大学开设了课程,在本国培养硕士和博士生,使研究成为真正的尼日利亚人。我们很高兴在本期收集了四篇关于尼日利亚英语的论文。这些论文没有被编辑征求意见,而是独立提交审查并最终发表。特别是,这四篇论文展示了《今日英语》致力于在世界各地出版关于英语的最佳学术成果。首先,Foluke Olayinka Unabonah研究了mehn在尼日利亚英语中作为话语助词的使用。
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引用次数: 0
English loanword use in Greek online women's magazines 希腊在线女性杂志中英语外来词的使用
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1017/s0266078422000190
Z. Tatsioka
Owing to the extensive spread of English around the globe, English words have penetrated the lexicon of many languages. Modern Greek has been no exception as various English loanwords are used daily by its native speakers. The present paper discusses the use of English loanwords on the Greek web and more specifically in three online women's magazines. The focus, however, is not on all types of borrowings, but solely on what Myers–Scotton (2002: 239) calls core borrowings, which are defined as ‘words that more or less duplicate already existing words in the L1’. Essentially, core borrowings do not serve genuine communicative needs as they do not fill any lexical gaps in the speakers’ native language (Bybee, 2015). Nonetheless, they are borrowed as a result of the cultural pressure exerted by the more prestigious and dominant donor language (Myers–Scotton, 2006). On the other hand, cultural borrowings are words used for new objects and concepts for which there is no equivalent in the recipient language. It should also be noted that the loanwords examined in this paper have not been morphologically or orthographically assimilated into the Modern Greek language, but maintain their distinctive foreign features.
由于英语在全球范围内的广泛传播,英语词汇已经渗透到许多语言的词汇中。现代希腊语也不例外,因为以希腊语为母语的人每天都会使用各种各样的英语外来词。本文讨论了英语外来词在希腊网络上的使用,更具体地说,在三个在线女性杂志。然而,重点并不是所有类型的借词,而仅仅是Myers-Scotton(2002: 239)所说的核心借词,它被定义为“或多或少重复第一语言中已经存在的词”。从本质上讲,核心借用不能满足真正的交际需求,因为它们不能填补说话者母语中的任何词汇空白(Bybee, 2015)。尽管如此,由于更有声望和主导的捐赠语言施加的文化压力,它们被借用(Myers-Scotton, 2006)。另一方面,文化借用是指在接受语中没有对应词的新物体和概念。值得注意的是,本文所研究的外来词并没有在词形或正字法上被现代希腊语吸收,而是保持了其鲜明的外来特征。
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引用次数: 0
Is it in Colloquial Singapore English 是新加坡口语吗
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1017/s0266078422000141
W. D. Gonzales, M. Hiramoto, Jakob R. E. Leimgruber, Jun Jie Lim
Colloquial Singapore English (CSE, commonly known as Singlish) is a linguistic variety used in Singapore, a Southeast Asian nation home to three major ethnic groups: the Chinese (74.35% of the citizen and permanent resident population), the Malays (13.43%), and the Indians (9%) (Singapore Department of Statistics, 2019). It is one of the best known post-colonial varieties of English and has been documented since the emergence of the field of world Englishes (e.g., Greenbaum, 1988; Richards & Tay, 1977). Linguistically, the grammar and lexicon of CSE are systematically imported from other non-English languages used in the island nation (Leimgruber, 2011). From a creolist perspective, it can be viewed as an English-lexifier creole that contains influences from Sinitic languages such as Hokkien, Cantonese and Mandarin, as well as Malay, Tamil and other varieties in the Singapore language ecology (McWhorter, 2007; Platt, 1975). Several distinct features across various levels of language have been investigated in CSE, including phonetics (Starr & Balasubramaniam, 2019), morphosyntax (Bao, 2010; Bao & Wee, 1999), semantics (Hiramoto & Sato, 2012), and pragmatics (Hiramoto, 2012; Leimgruber, 2016; Lim, 2007).
新加坡口语(CSE,通常称为Singlish)是新加坡使用的一种语言变体,新加坡是一个东南亚国家,有三个主要民族:华人(占公民和永久居民的74.35%)、马来人(13.43%)和印度人(9%)(新加坡统计部,2019)。它是最著名的后殖民时代英语变体之一,自世界英语领域出现以来就有文献记载(例如,Greenbaum,1988;Richards&Tay,1977年)。从语言学角度来看,CSE的语法和词汇是从这个岛国使用的其他非英语语言中系统地引入的(Leimgruber,2011)。从克里奥尔语的角度来看,它可以被视为一种英语词汇化克里奥尔语,它包含了来自闽南语、广东话和普通话等汉语的影响,以及马来语、泰米尔语和新加坡语言生态中的其他变体(McWhorter,2007;普拉特,1975)。CSE研究了不同语言层次的几个不同特征,包括语音学(Starr&Balasubramaniam,2019)、形态句法(Bao,2010;Bao&Wee,1999)、语义学(Hiramoto&Sato,2012)和语用学(Hiramto,2012;Leimgruber,2016;Lim,2007)。
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引用次数: 0
Race and the language of incels 种族和种族语言
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0266078422000153
Ksenija Bogetić
It is often observed that in modern English no political movement has created an internet jargon with the speed and range of the alt-right. Recently, however, we are seeing a specifically misogynist strand of this jargon shoot up, coming from the growing online anti-feminist network known as the Manosphere, and specifically its popularly best known outpost of ‘incels’. The neologisms being produced by incels have come to form a true cryptolect, developing at a rate that almost escapes linguistic description; at the same time, the elements of this cryptolect are quickly infiltrating broader popular culture and global vernacular contexts, from social media to Urban Dictionary (Ging, Lynn & Rosati, 2020).
人们经常观察到,在现代英语中,没有一场政治运动创造出像极右翼那样速度和范围的互联网术语。然而,最近,我们看到这种专门的厌女主义术语激增,来自日益壮大的在线反女权主义网络Manosphere,特别是其最著名的“incels”前哨。乱伦产生的新词已经形成了一种真正的密码,其发展速度几乎无法用语言描述;与此同时,这种密码的元素正在迅速渗透到更广泛的流行文化和全球白话语境中,从社交媒体到《城市词典》(Ging,Lynn&Rosati,2020)。
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引用次数: 0
ENG volume 38 issue 2 Cover and Front matter eng38卷第2期封面和封面问题
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.1017/s0266078422000189
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 编辑
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.1017/s0266078422000128
Martha Kundt
We are pleased in this issue of English Today to bring you a series of papers discussing, as always, the current status and trends of the English language research. A series of four papers opens the volume with a focus on macro-sociolinguistic issues related to language policy. Hamza R’boul examines university teachers’ and students’ beliefs and attitudes about cultural identities related to the use of English alongside Darija in Morocco. R’boul refers to these complex beliefs and attitudes as ‘language ontologies’ and argues for an approach to language as a resource for the construction of reality. Next, Peter I. DeCosta, Curtis A. Green-Eneix and Wendy Li turn their attention to the growth of English medium of instruction (EMI) in Chinese institutions of higher education and explore what impact EMI will likely have in the future. Abhimanyu Sharma expands on the theme of language policy to consider the impact of English and EMI education in India and how an instrumental approach to policy can address many of the potential problems. Finally, Azad Mammadov and Arzu Mammadova describe the English education policies in Azerbaijan and how the language has continued to grow in popularity since the end of the cold war. As long-time readers will recall, English Today is known for hosting vigorous debates within the discipline, and we are proud to present a new debate about how a Construction Grammar approach might best facilitate the teaching of modality to English language learners. Ronald Fong responds Torres-Martínez’s (2019) proposal about the teaching of English modals and suggests that a verb-centred approach to English modals might be more useful for English learners. Sergio Torres-Martínez responds to Fong’s criticisms in a rebuttal that defends his broader approach to modality. Two additional papers are included after the debate. Zeki Hamawand considers a set of rules that could be used to understand meaning difference when words like any way and anyway are spelt as single words or not. Sugene Kim considers the role of English-Korean bilingual creativity within Korea’s linguistic landscape. Finally, we are also pleased to include three book reviews in this issue: Foluke Olayinka Unuabonah reviews Mirka Honkanen’s 2020 volume entitled World Englishes on the Web: The Nigerian Diaspora in the USA; Yi Liu and Kun Sun review Andy Kirkpatrick and Lixun Wang’s 2020 edited collection of essays entitled Is English an Asian Language?; and Locky Law reviews the 2018 book The Language of Pop Culture, edited by Valentin Werner. The editors
我们很高兴在本期《今日英语》中为您带来一系列论文,一如既往地讨论英语研究的现状和趋势。本卷开篇共有四篇论文,重点讨论与语言政策相关的宏观社会语言学问题。Hamza R'boul研究了摩洛哥大学教师和学生对与Darija一起使用英语有关的文化身份的信仰和态度。鲁将这些复杂的信仰和态度称为“语言本体论”,并主张将语言作为构建现实的资源。接下来,Peter I.DeCosta、Curtis A.Green Eneix和Wendy Li将注意力转向中国高等教育机构英语教学语言(EMI)的发展,并探讨EMI在未来可能产生的影响。Abhimanyu Sharma扩展了语言政策的主题,以考虑英语和EMI教育在印度的影响,以及工具性的政策方法如何解决许多潜在问题。最后,Azad Mammadov和Arzu Mammadova描述了阿塞拜疆的英语教育政策,以及自冷战结束以来,这种语言是如何继续流行的。正如长期读者所记得的,《今日英语》以在学科内举办激烈的辩论而闻名,我们很自豪地提出了一场新的辩论,讨论构建语法方法如何最好地促进英语学习者的情态教学。Ronald Fong回应了Torres Martínez(2019)关于英语情态教学的建议,并认为以动词为中心的英语情态教学方法可能对英语学习者更有用。Sergio Torres Martínez在反驳中回应了方的批评,为他更广泛的模态方法辩护。辩论后又增加了两份文件。Zeki Hamawand考虑了一套规则,可以用来理解当单词以任何方式和任何方式拼写为单个单词时的含义差异。Sugene Kim认为,英韩双语创意在韩国语言景观中的作用。最后,我们也很高兴在本期中收录三篇书评:Foluke Olayinka Unuabonah评论了Mirka Honkanen 2020年出版的题为《网络上的世界英语:美国的尼日利亚侨民》的一卷;刘毅和孙昆评论了Andy Kirkpatrick和Lixun Wang 2020年编辑的题为《英语是亚洲语言吗?》的散文集?;Locky Law评论了Valentin Werner编辑的2018年出版的《流行文化的语言》一书。编辑
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引用次数: 0
ENG volume 38 issue 2 Cover and Back matter ENG第38卷第2期封面和封底
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.1017/s0266078422000177
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引用次数: 0
The booming wave of English in the linguistic landscape in Algeria 阿尔及利亚语言界蓬勃发展的英语浪潮
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1017/s026607842200013x
Baya Maraf, Ulker Vanci Osam
The linguistic landscape of any country reveals a lot about the linguistic identity of its citizens, especially if it is a bottom-up linguistic landscape. In Algeria, which is a multi-cultural and multi-lingual context, the linguistic landscape witnessed a remarkable shift in linguistic preferences that is represented in bottom-up signs. This shift is characterized by the addition of a new linguistic entity, English, to the Algerian linguistic landscape. In Algerian society, it is easily observed that English is not commonly present in the top-down signs assigned by the Algerian government, which contrasts with the signs of private businesses such as fashion shops, restaurants, and coffee shops. In fact, English has been found in Algerian signs since the 1990s when foreign energy companies like British Petroleum (BP) arrived and introduced the language in the country (Euromonitor, 2012), but it has become prevalent in the bottom-up signs of private businesses, which were previously dominated by other languages, i.e., Arabic and French. For those who are unfamiliar with the Algerian context, Arabic and Berber (or Tamazight) are the official languages of the country while French and English are the foreign languages. French is the first foreign language, while English is the second foreign language. Despite this clear linguistic planning, there has been unclear planning of the linguistic landscape on the part of the Algerian government, mostly in top-down signs. For instance, the government uses monolingual and bilingual signs that disregard English in the majority of signs. The monolingual signs are either Arabic or French. Berber is used in monolingual signs only in cities of Berber ethnicity. On the other hand, the bilingual signs are mostly written in Arabic and French or Arabic and Berber, the latter signs being found only in Berber-ethnicity cities such as Bejaia, Khenchela, Batna, and Tizi Ouzou. Overall, the government and Algerian citizens have rather different linguistic landscape practices since Algerians opt for integrating English, the language of globalization, presenting it in different bottom-up signs alongside other languages.
任何国家的语言景观都揭示了其公民的语言身份,尤其是如果它是自下而上的语言景观。阿尔及利亚是一个多文化、多语言的国家,语言环境见证了语言偏好的显著转变,表现为自下而上的迹象。这种转变的特点是在阿尔及利亚的语言景观中增加了一个新的语言实体,即英语。在阿尔及利亚社会中,很容易观察到,阿尔及利亚政府自上而下的标志中并不常见英语,这与时装店、餐馆和咖啡店等私营企业的标志形成了鲜明对比。事实上,自20世纪90年代英国石油公司(BP)等外国能源公司进驻阿尔及利亚并在该国引入英语以来,阿尔及利亚的标志中就已经发现了英语(Euromonitor,2012),但它在私营企业自下而上的标志中变得普遍,而私营企业以前主要使用其他语言,即阿拉伯语和法语。对于那些不熟悉阿尔及利亚语境的人来说,阿拉伯语和柏柏尔语(或Tamazight)是该国的官方语言,而法语和英语是外语。法语是第一外语,而英语是第二外语。尽管有明确的语言规划,但阿尔及利亚政府对语言景观的规划一直不明确,大多是自上而下的。例如,政府使用单语和双语标志,在大多数标志中无视英语。单语标志是阿拉伯语或法语。柏柏尔语只在柏柏尔种族的城市中用于单语标志。另一方面,双语标志大多用阿拉伯语和法语或阿拉伯语和柏柏尔语书写,后一种标志只在柏柏尔人聚居的城市中出现,如Bejaia、Khenchela、Batna和Tizi Ouzou。总的来说,政府和阿尔及利亚公民有着截然不同的语言景观实践,因为阿尔及利亚人选择融合英语这一全球化语言,并将其与其他语言一起以不同的自下而上的方式呈现。
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引用次数: 0
English in Valletta's Linguistic Landscape: a case of instrumental rationality? – ERRATUM 瓦莱塔语言景观中的英语:工具理性的案例?——错误
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1017/s0266078422000165
Lydia Sciriha, M. Vassallo
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引用次数: 0
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