Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1075/target.22074.zha
J. Zhao
{"title":"Review of Kim, Munday, Wang & Wang (2021): Systemic Functional Linguistics and Translation Studies","authors":"J. Zhao","doi":"10.1075/target.22074.zha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/target.22074.zha","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51739,"journal":{"name":"Target-International Journal of Translation Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83325586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.1075/target.00009.poc
Franz Pöchhacker
The unique features of interpreting as a situated process and performance to enable communication in real time make relay interpreting a particularly complex manifestation of indirect translation and a rich area of investigation. Even so, the great potential of relay interpreting as an object of inquiry in Translation and Interpreting Studies has remained largely untapped. This article seeks to map out the conceptual territory of relay interpreting as indirect translation with reference to relevant factors and features. The analysis highlights the great diversity of scenarios that can be subsumed under the heading of relay interpreting with reference to such key parameters as mode, modality, policy, linguality, multimodality, and technology. The – regrettably modest – state of the art is reviewed with regard to types of research, topics, and methods; and some areas of special interest, such as Deaf relay interpreting and speech-to-text interpreting relying on speech recognition technology, are discussed for their potential to extend the scope of indirect translation to include intralingual and intermodal as well as technology-based manifestations.
{"title":"Relay interpreting","authors":"Franz Pöchhacker","doi":"10.1075/target.00009.poc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/target.00009.poc","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The unique features of interpreting as a situated process and performance to enable communication in real time\u0000 make relay interpreting a particularly complex manifestation of indirect translation and a rich area of investigation. Even so,\u0000 the great potential of relay interpreting as an object of inquiry in Translation and Interpreting Studies has remained largely\u0000 untapped. This article seeks to map out the conceptual territory of relay interpreting as indirect translation with reference to\u0000 relevant factors and features. The analysis highlights the great diversity of scenarios that can be subsumed under the heading of\u0000 relay interpreting with reference to such key parameters as mode, modality, policy, linguality, multimodality, and technology.\u0000 The – regrettably modest – state of the art is reviewed with regard to types of research, topics, and methods; and some areas of\u0000 special interest, such as Deaf relay interpreting and speech-to-text interpreting relying on speech recognition technology, are\u0000 discussed for their potential to extend the scope of indirect translation to include intralingual and intermodal as well as\u0000 technology-based manifestations.","PeriodicalId":51739,"journal":{"name":"Target-International Journal of Translation Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73493405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.1075/target.20160.dav
Lucile Davier
Studies of news translation and indirect translation have challenged classical concepts of Translation Studies, but the two subfields have taken separate paths. This article applies Assis Rosa, Pięta, and Bueno Maia’s (2017b) classification of indirect translation to data collected via workplace studies conducted in two multilingual news agencies based in Switzerland and one monolingual broadcaster based in Canada. Illustrative examples are provided of the first six types of (in)direct translation in the classification. This typology allows for the inclusion of phenomena that may have been previously disregarded as translation, such as oral mediations and transfers from public-relations agencies to news agencies and other media outlets. However, news translation is a borderline case of translation that pushes Assis Rosa, Pięta, and Bueno Maia’s (2017b) classification to its limits because of the centrality of reported speech in news stories. Indirect translation seems to be able to bridge various subfields of Translation Studies.
{"title":"Translational phenomena in the news","authors":"Lucile Davier","doi":"10.1075/target.20160.dav","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/target.20160.dav","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Studies of news translation and indirect translation have challenged classical concepts of Translation Studies, but the two subfields have taken separate paths. This article applies Assis Rosa, Pięta, and Bueno Maia’s (2017b) classification of indirect translation to data collected via workplace studies conducted in two multilingual news agencies based in Switzerland and one monolingual broadcaster based in Canada. Illustrative examples are provided of the first six types of (in)direct translation in the classification. This typology allows for the inclusion of phenomena that may have been previously disregarded as translation, such as oral mediations and transfers from public-relations agencies to news agencies and other media outlets. However, news translation is a borderline case of translation that pushes Assis Rosa, Pięta, and Bueno Maia’s (2017b) classification to its limits because of the centrality of reported speech in news stories. Indirect translation seems to be able to bridge various subfields of Translation Studies.","PeriodicalId":51739,"journal":{"name":"Target-International Journal of Translation Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87131685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1075/target.20095.deb
Pauline de Baets, Gert de Sutter
This article investigates how translators choose between multiple competing onomasiological variants to express (verbal) inchoativity in English-to-Dutch translations. Using a corpus-based multifactorial research design, we measure the impact of three well-known socio-cognitive mechanisms on the actual choice, namely the complexity principle, risk aversion, and cognate exposure. We apply the behavioural profile method, which allows us to operationalise these three explanatory mechanisms via ID-tags, and we then use conditional random forest modelling to determine the impact of each mechanism on the choice between four competing verbs of inchoativity. The results of our analyses show that the complexity principle plays a clear role in translated texts, as there is a significant preference for the active construction and for prototypical verbs in passive constructions. Genre-specific risk-averse behaviour as well as cognate avoidance were not observed.
{"title":"How do translators select among competing (near-)synonyms in translation?","authors":"Pauline de Baets, Gert de Sutter","doi":"10.1075/target.20095.deb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/target.20095.deb","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article investigates how translators choose between multiple competing onomasiological variants to express\u0000 (verbal) inchoativity in English-to-Dutch translations. Using a corpus-based multifactorial research design, we measure the impact\u0000 of three well-known socio-cognitive mechanisms on the actual choice, namely the complexity principle, risk aversion, and cognate\u0000 exposure. We apply the behavioural profile method, which allows us to operationalise these three explanatory mechanisms via\u0000 ID-tags, and we then use conditional random forest modelling to determine the impact of each mechanism on the choice between four\u0000 competing verbs of inchoativity. The results of our analyses show that the complexity principle plays a clear role in translated\u0000 texts, as there is a significant preference for the active construction and for prototypical verbs in passive constructions.\u0000 Genre-specific risk-averse behaviour as well as cognate avoidance were not observed.","PeriodicalId":51739,"journal":{"name":"Target-International Journal of Translation Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79989443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.1075/target.00008.bra
Elena Aguirre Fernández Bravo
Indirect interpreting, known by practitioners as ‘relay’, takes place in contexts where interpreting between two languages is carried out by means of a third, pivot language, thus creating a communicative chain between two interpreters: the one rendering an original speech into a pivot language, and the other rendering the first’s version into a different target language. Relay is used in many multilingual settings to ensure that all interlocutors can use their mother tongue, and the European Union institutions are a prominent example of such settings. Indirect interpreting is thus a reality that many professionals deal with on a daily basis. Despite this, it has not been the subject of much research as yet. This article explores the connections between indirect interpreting and the construct of quality in the ears of the interpreters who regularly give and take relay. The research first involved a focus group comprising six European Union-accredited conference interpreters with Spanish as their mother tongue. A focus group discussion aimed to identify salient issues in the giving and taking of relay across different contexts and meeting formats. The itemised concepts emerging from the discussion were then used to devise a questionnaire to gain further insight into interpreters’ concerns and ideas regarding quality indicators in indirect interpreting. Thirty professionals responded to the questionnaire. The results are analysed with a focus on the lessons that may be insightful for Translation and Interpreting Studies.
{"title":"Indirect interpreting: Stumbling block or stepping stone?","authors":"Elena Aguirre Fernández Bravo","doi":"10.1075/target.00008.bra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/target.00008.bra","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Indirect interpreting, known by practitioners as ‘relay’, takes place in contexts where interpreting between two\u0000 languages is carried out by means of a third, pivot language, thus creating a communicative chain between two interpreters: the\u0000 one rendering an original speech into a pivot language, and the other rendering the first’s version into a different target\u0000 language. Relay is used in many multilingual settings to ensure that all interlocutors can use their mother tongue, and the\u0000 European Union institutions are a prominent example of such settings. Indirect interpreting is thus a reality that many\u0000 professionals deal with on a daily basis. Despite this, it has not been the subject of much research as yet. This article explores\u0000 the connections between indirect interpreting and the construct of quality in the ears of the interpreters who regularly give and\u0000 take relay. The research first involved a focus group comprising six European Union-accredited conference interpreters with\u0000 Spanish as their mother tongue. A focus group discussion aimed to identify salient issues in the giving and taking of relay across\u0000 different contexts and meeting formats. The itemised concepts emerging from the discussion were then used to devise a\u0000 questionnaire to gain further insight into interpreters’ concerns and ideas regarding quality indicators in indirect interpreting.\u0000 Thirty professionals responded to the questionnaire. The results are analysed with a focus on the lessons that may be insightful\u0000 for Translation and Interpreting Studies.","PeriodicalId":51739,"journal":{"name":"Target-International Journal of Translation Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87471238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because translators begin where authors end – with a completed text – their task may be conceptualized as a reverse worlding, or ascent from actual text to imaginary context. This article argues that the same is true, mutatis mutandis, for all verbal art, and that within verbal art, it is truer of the texts that Hasan (1985, 101) refers to as ‘literature text’ and less so of those she calls ‘literary text’ that have some extra-artistic purpose. We demonstrate this empirically using an extreme example, the lipogrammatic French novel La disparition (Perec 1969) and its English translation A Void (Perec 2008). We also argue for a certain chastity in theory – a theory of translation for verbal art which excludes both the nonverbal and texts that are not purposefully artistic. Moreover, we say that there needs to be a corresponding chastity in practice – a theory of world inversion that rests not on a political program, but rather on a scientific understanding of the world and the proper place of words within it.
{"title":"Literature text as world reversing","authors":"Fang Li, David Kellogg","doi":"10.1075/target.20159.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/target.20159.li","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Because translators begin where authors end – with a completed text – their task may be conceptualized as a reverse worlding, or ascent from actual text to imaginary context. This article argues that the same is true, mutatis mutandis, for all verbal art, and that within verbal art, it is truer of the texts that Hasan (1985, 101) refers to as ‘literature text’ and less so of those she calls ‘literary text’ that have some extra-artistic purpose. We demonstrate this empirically using an extreme example, the lipogrammatic French novel La disparition (Perec 1969) and its English translation A Void (Perec 2008). We also argue for a certain chastity in theory – a theory of translation for verbal art which excludes both the nonverbal and texts that are not purposefully artistic. Moreover, we say that there needs to be a corresponding chastity in practice – a theory of world inversion that rests not on a political program, but rather on a scientific understanding of the world and the proper place of words within it.","PeriodicalId":51739,"journal":{"name":"Target-International Journal of Translation Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80421537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-03DOI: 10.1075/target.00007.oha
Minako O’Hagan
To contribute towards extending the scope of research on indirect translation, this article focuses on game localization as an overlooked site where this translation practice is relatively common. For major games developed in a language other than English (LOTE), the English version (locale) is often used as a pivot from which to generate other locales across different regions. This article investigates the motivations, challenges, and implications of the use of indirect translation in game localization through a case study of Square Enix – a major Japanese game developer/publisher that is among the pioneers of game localization. It reveals how indirect translation forms both a solution and a bottleneck for the global circulation of digital interactive products. The article uncovers the key factors behind the position of English as the default pivot language in localizing Japanese games and points to the possible future impact of the emergence of Asian markets, particularly the Chinese market, on the game localization ecosystem. The lens of indirect translation facilitates theorizing underexplored aspects of game localization as an economic activity situated in the digital terrain. By casting the apparent drawback of indirect translation in a socio-economic framework, the article presents the future scope of this research subfield in game localization.
{"title":"Indirect translation in game localization as a method of global circulation of digital artefacts","authors":"Minako O’Hagan","doi":"10.1075/target.00007.oha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/target.00007.oha","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000To contribute towards extending the scope of research on indirect translation, this article focuses on game localization as an overlooked site where this translation practice is relatively common. For major games developed in a language other than English (LOTE), the English version (locale) is often used as a pivot from which to generate other locales across different regions. This article investigates the motivations, challenges, and implications of the use of indirect translation in game localization through a case study of Square Enix – a major Japanese game developer/publisher that is among the pioneers of game localization. It reveals how indirect translation forms both a solution and a bottleneck for the global circulation of digital interactive products. The article uncovers the key factors behind the position of English as the default pivot language in localizing Japanese games and points to the possible future impact of the emergence of Asian markets, particularly the Chinese market, on the game localization ecosystem. The lens of indirect translation facilitates theorizing underexplored aspects of game localization as an economic activity situated in the digital terrain. By casting the apparent drawback of indirect translation in a socio-economic framework, the article presents the future scope of this research subfield in game localization.","PeriodicalId":51739,"journal":{"name":"Target-International Journal of Translation Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89142543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-03DOI: 10.1075/target.20189.kun
M. Kunilovskaya, Tatyana A. Ilyushchenya, N. Morgoun, R. Mitkov
This study uses an error-annotated, mass-media subset of a sentence-aligned, multi-parallel learner translator corpus to reveal source-language items that are challenging in English–Russian translation. Our data includes multiple translations of the most challenging source sentences, drawn from a large collection of student translations on the basis of error statistics. This sample was subjected to manual contrastive-comparative analysis, which resulted in a list of English items that were difficult for students. The outcome of the analysis was compared to the topics discussed in translation textbooks that are recommended for BA and specialist-degree students in Russia. We discuss items that deserve more prominence in training as well as items that call for improvements to traditional learning activities. This study presents evidence that a more empirically motivated design of the practical translation syllabus as part of translator education is required.
{"title":"Source language difficulties in learner translation","authors":"M. Kunilovskaya, Tatyana A. Ilyushchenya, N. Morgoun, R. Mitkov","doi":"10.1075/target.20189.kun","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/target.20189.kun","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses an error-annotated, mass-media subset of a sentence-aligned, multi-parallel learner translator corpus to reveal source-language items that are challenging in English–Russian translation. Our data includes multiple translations of the most challenging source sentences, drawn from a large collection of student translations on the basis of error statistics. This sample was subjected to manual contrastive-comparative analysis, which resulted in a list of English items that were difficult for students. The outcome of the analysis was compared to the topics discussed in translation textbooks that are recommended for BA and specialist-degree students in Russia. We discuss items that deserve more prominence in training as well as items that call for improvements to traditional learning activities. This study presents evidence that a more empirically motivated design of the practical translation syllabus as part of translator education is required.","PeriodicalId":51739,"journal":{"name":"Target-International Journal of Translation Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74727642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-03DOI: 10.1075/target.22045.zha
Bi Zhao
{"title":"Review of Li & Hope (2021): Terminology Translation in Chinese Contexts: Theory and Practice","authors":"Bi Zhao","doi":"10.1075/target.22045.zha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/target.22045.zha","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51739,"journal":{"name":"Target-International Journal of Translation Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78651946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.1075/target.20173.lob
Sergio Lobejón Santos, Camino Gutiérrez Lanza
The Star-Books collection, published by Producciones Editoriales S. A. from 1975 to 1982, is a foremost example of the post-Francoist counterculture and one of the best chronicles of this period of Spanish history. The collection became a viable platform for various national and international authors who had remained silenced for decades at a time when books were still subjected to official censorship. Star-Books stood out for its eclectic nature and its rebellious spirit, reflected in the striking covers and themes, which clashed against Francoist orthodoxy. This paper highlights the collection’s role in promoting the counterculture in Spain and sheds light on how censorship operated in this period. Detailed analyses of the sociopolitical context, the Star-Books catalogue, the available censorship materials, and several collection titles show the more permissive nature of post-Francoist censorship.
《明星丛书》，Producciones Editoriales S. A.出版。从1975年到1982年，是后佛朗哥反主流文化的典范，也是这一时期西班牙历史的最佳编年史之一。在图书仍然受到官方审查的时候，这个合集成为了许多国内和国际作家的一个可行的平台，这些作家几十年来一直保持沉默。《星书》以其兼收并蓄的本质和叛逆的精神而脱颖而出，这反映在其引人注目的封面和主题上，与佛朗哥主义的正统观念相冲突。本文强调了该系列在促进西班牙反主流文化方面的作用，并阐明了审查制度在这一时期是如何运作的。对社会政治背景、Star-Books目录、可获得的审查材料和一些文集标题的详细分析表明，后弗朗哥时代的审查制度更为宽松。
{"title":"“Against everything and everybody”","authors":"Sergio Lobejón Santos, Camino Gutiérrez Lanza","doi":"10.1075/target.20173.lob","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/target.20173.lob","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Star-Books collection, published by Producciones Editoriales S. A. from 1975 to 1982, is a foremost example of the post-Francoist counterculture and one of the best chronicles of this period of Spanish history. The collection became a viable platform for various national and international authors who had remained silenced for decades at a time when books were still subjected to official censorship. Star-Books stood out for its eclectic nature and its rebellious spirit, reflected in the striking covers and themes, which clashed against Francoist orthodoxy. This paper highlights the collection’s role in promoting the counterculture in Spain and sheds light on how censorship operated in this period. Detailed analyses of the sociopolitical context, the Star-Books catalogue, the available censorship materials, and several collection titles show the more permissive nature of post-Francoist censorship.","PeriodicalId":51739,"journal":{"name":"Target-International Journal of Translation Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83229670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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