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Language and power 语言与权力
IF 1.9 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1075/intp.00099.cam
Abstract

This article investigates the power dynamics at play in interpreter-mediated discourse interactions in the district courts in Ghana. Using audio recordings of authentic courtroom proceedings, we analyzed the discursive practices performed by court actors, especially interpreters, and the ways in which these practices signal their power or the lack thereof. We also examine the way language is employed by dominant actors to intrude on the liberty of less dominant actors in the courtroom and how this is sometimes resisted by the latter actors. We couch our analyses in Fairclough’s theory of language and power and Obeng’s theory of language and liberty. Our analysis shows that interpreters in Ghanaian courts are tacitly imbued with an inordinate amount of power, which is exercised in the service of the courts. The interpreters in our study employ speech acts such as questioning, scolding and persuading to control the discursive behavior of lay court users (e.g., litigants, witnesses) in order to ensure efficient court proceedings. These acts impinge on the liberty of litigants as they are not free to engage the court in a manner suitable to them. This study raises questions about the interpreter’s neutrality and professionalism and its findings could be useful to those entities interested in improving legal interpreting standards.

摘要 本文研究了加纳地区法院中以口译员为媒介的话语互动中的权力动态。我们利用真实的法庭诉讼录音,分析了法庭行动者(尤其是口译员)的话语实践,以及这些实践如何表明他们的权力或缺乏权力。我们还研究了在法庭上占主导地位的行为者使用语言侵犯不占主导地位的行为者的自由的方式,以及后者有时是如何抵制这种行为的。我们的分析基于费尔克拉夫(Fairclough)的语言与权力理论和奥本(Obeng)的语言与自由理论。我们的分析表明,加纳法院的口译员被默默赋予了过多的权力,这些权力是为法院服务而行使的。在我们的研究中,口译员使用质问、斥责和劝说等语言行为来控制非专业法庭使用者(如诉讼当事人、证人)的话语行为,以确保法庭程序的效率。这些行为侵犯了诉讼当事人的自由,因为他们不能自由地以适合自己的方式与法庭接触。本研究提出了有关口译员中立性和专业性的问题,其研究结果可能对那些有兴趣提高法律口译标准的实体有所帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Gavioli & Wadensjö (2023): The Routledge handbook of public service interpreting garvioli &Wadensjö(2023):劳特利奇公共服务口译手册
1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1075/intp.00098.try
Małgorzata Tryuk
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引用次数: 0
Coordination in telephone-based remote interpreting 电话远程口译的协调
1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1075/intp.00097.far
Rahaf Farag, Bernd Meyer
Abstract Telephone-based remote interpreting has come into widespread use in multilingual encounters, all the more so in times of refugee crises and the large influx of asylum-seekers into Europe. Nevertheless, the linguistic practices in this mode of communication have not yet been examined comprehensively. This article therefore investigates selected aspects of turn-taking and clarification sequences during semi-authentic telephone-interpreted counselling sessions for refugees (Arabic–German). A quantitative analysis reveals that limited audibility makes it more difficult for interpreters to claim their turn successfully; in most cases, however, turn-taking occurs smoothly. The trouble sources that trigger queries are mainly content-related and interpreters vary greatly in the ways they deal with such difficulties. Contrary to what one might expect, the study shows that coordination fails only rarely during telephone-based remote interpreting.
基于电话的远程口译在多语言交流中得到了广泛的应用,在难民危机和大量寻求庇护者涌入欧洲的时候更是如此。然而,这种交际方式的语言实践尚未得到全面的研究。因此,本文调查了在半真实的难民电话口译咨询会议(阿拉伯-德国)中轮流和澄清序列的选定方面。定量分析表明,有限的可听性使口译员更难以成功地要求轮到他们;然而,在大多数情况下,轮流进行是顺利的。触发查询的故障源主要是与内容相关的,并且解释器在处理此类困难的方式上差异很大。与人们可能期望的相反,研究表明,在基于电话的远程口译中,协调失败的情况很少。
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引用次数: 0
Explicitation and cognitive load in simultaneous interpreting 同声传译中的外显与认知负荷
IF 1.9 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.1075/intp.00051.gum
Ewa Gumul
Abstract This article investigates the correlation between explicitation and increased cognitive load in simultaneous interpreting by trainee interpreters. It has been hypothesised, on the one hand, that certain explicitating shifts in simultaneous interpreting may be caused by increased cognitive load and they may be performed in an attempt to mask processing problems; and, on the other, that performing explicitating shifts may lead to increased cognitive load and trigger processing problems. The study triangulates product analysis (manual comparison of source and target texts) with process analysis (retrospective protocols of the participants). In the product the correlation between the occurrence of explicitating shifts and increased cognitive load is sought by identifying problem indicators in the form of three types of disfluency: hesitation markers, false starts and anomalous pauses exceeding two seconds (performance measure). Retrospective protocols are analysed in search of reports of explicitating shifts and/or increased cognitive load experienced and/or the cognitive effort expended (subjective measure). The product analysis shows the correlation between explicitating shifts and cognitive load at the level of 31%. The Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient r = 0.48 indicates that there is a positive association between these two variables. This finding is further confirmed by 122 retrospective comments of the subjects in the study.
摘要本文探讨了同声传译员在同声传译过程中,外显与认知负荷增加之间的关系。一方面,有人假设同声传译中的某些解释性转变可能是由认知负荷增加引起的,并且这些转变可能是为了掩盖处理问题;另一方面,进行解释性转变可能会导致认知负荷增加,并引发处理问题。该研究将产品分析(源文本和目标文本的手动比较)与过程分析(参与者的回顾性协议)进行三角化。在该产品中,解释性转变的发生与认知负荷增加之间的相关性是通过识别三种不流畅形式的问题指标来寻求的:犹豫标记、错误启动和超过两秒的异常暂停(绩效指标)。对回顾性协议进行分析,以寻找解释变化和/或所经历的认知负荷增加和/或花费的认知努力(主观测量)的报告。产品分析显示,解释性转变与认知负荷之间的相关性为31%。Spearman的秩序相关系数r=0.48表明这两个变量之间存在正相关。这一发现通过研究中受试者的122条回顾性评论得到了进一步证实。
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引用次数: 11
The affordances and challenges of wearable technologies for training public service interpreters 可穿戴技术培训公共服务口译员的优势和挑战
IF 1.9 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-11-17 DOI: 10.1075/intp.00044.ese
Oktay Eser, M. Lai, Fatih Saltan
Abstract Interpreter training has evolved from traditional face-to-face classroom settings to alternative modes of delivery such as online and blended learning because of the rise in information and communication technology. The limited body of literature shows that the most documented pedagogical application of interpreter training delivery is via virtual learning environments such as Moodle and Blackboard. To enrich the literature on technology use in interpreter training, a pilot project was conducted in which participant students and trainers accessed a three-dimensional virtual environment using wearable technology (i.e., three-dimensional virtual reality glasses) and students practiced interpreting using a prerecorded animated dialogue. A virtual reality platform was built using Unity 3D and run on Android to host the piloted dialogue, with a view to adding dialogues in the future to develop it into a healthcare interpreting training platform. Qualitative data collected through observations and semi-structured interviews were analyzed. The results show that using wearable devices in interpreter training has the potential to create immersive simulated environments for auto­nomous learning and to improve interpreter training when used with instructional support. However, challenges including physiological effects, level of authenticity, and the need for equipment support warrant further exploration and refinement of its pedagogical application in the future.
摘要由于信息和通信技术的兴起,口译员培训已经从传统的面对面课堂环境发展到在线和混合学习等替代教学模式。有限的文献表明,口译员培训的教学应用记录最多的是通过Moodle和Blackboard等虚拟学习环境。为了丰富口译员培训中技术使用的文献,开展了一个试点项目,参与者学生和培训师使用可穿戴技术(即三维虚拟现实眼镜)访问三维虚拟环境,学生使用预先录制的动画对话练习口译。使用Unity 3D构建了一个虚拟现实平台,并在安卓系统上运行,以主持试点对话,以期在未来添加对话,将其开发成一个医疗口译培训平台。通过观察和半结构化访谈收集的定性数据进行了分析。结果表明,在口译员培训中使用可穿戴设备有可能为自主学习创造身临其境的模拟环境,并在与教学支持一起使用时改善口译员培训。然而,包括生理效果、真实性水平和对设备支持的需求在内的挑战需要在未来进一步探索和完善其教学应用。
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引用次数: 5
The collaborative and selective nature of interpreting in police interviews with stand-by interpreting 警察约谈中同声传译的协作性和选择性
IF 1.9 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-11-17 DOI: 10.1075/intp.00046.mon
Eloísa Monteoliva-García
Abstract This study explores interaction in two authentic interpreter-mediated police interviews with suspects. The analysis focuses on the interpreting regime used: stand-by interpreting. The interactional regime in the analysed interviews featured exolingual communication in English between a Spanish-speaking suspect with emerging competencies in English and English-speaking interviewers, with intermittent interpreter participation. Drawing on Conversation Analysis and interactional sociolinguistics, this study analyses how the interpreting regime was negotiated, how it was constructed over the course of the interviews, and the observable function of interpreting episodes. The analysis revealed a markedly collaborative nature of stand-by interpreting, differences in the distribution of interactional power over interpreting episodes among the three participants depending on their activity role and the interview phase, and the multimodal nature of turn-management. Interpreting was used selectively as a resource to either repair or prevent miscommunication, aligning with the way the interpreting regime was set up. Rather than advocating for or against the stand-by mode of interpreting, this paper describes its features in the police interview and highlights both its potential and its risks for communication in interpreter-mediated police interviews as a discourse genre.
摘要:本研究探讨了两种真实的翻译介导的警察对犯罪嫌疑人的访谈中的交互作用。分析的重点是使用的口译制度:备用口译。在分析的访谈中,互动机制的特点是说西班牙语的嫌疑人与说英语的采访者之间的英语外语交流,口译员间歇性参与。本研究利用会话分析和互动社会语言学,分析了口译制度是如何协商的,它是如何在访谈过程中构建的,以及口译情节的可观察功能。分析表明,备用口译具有明显的协作性质,三个参与者在口译过程中的互动能力分布差异取决于他们的活动角色和访谈阶段,以及回合管理的多模式性质。口译被选择性地用作修复或防止误解的资源,与口译制度的建立方式保持一致。本文不是支持或反对备用口译模式,而是描述了备用口译模式在警察采访中的特点,并强调了备用口译模式作为一种话语类型在口译中介警察采访中的传播潜力和风险。
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引用次数: 6
An interpreter advantage in executive functions? 口译员在执行职能方面的优势?
IF 1.9 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-11-17 DOI: 10.1075/INTP.00045.NOU
Soudabeh Nour, E. Struys, Evy Woumans, Illy Hollebeke, H. Stengers
Abstract The aim of this systematic literature review was to answer the question of which executive function is most affected by interpreter training and experience. We used the ‘unity and diversity’ framework of executive functions to distinguish between three executive components: Response and Distractor Inhibition, Shifting, and Updating. Among the seventeen studies included in the review, we only found evidence for an interpreter advantage on Shifting and Updating, but with a different pattern for each of these. With regard to Updating, groups of interpreters scored better than comparison groups, but general trend in longitudinal studies did not show an improvement for interpreter trainees. In contrast, for Shifting, scores improved as a result of interpreting training. Our systematic review stresses the importance of understanding the diversity of executive processes when investigating the relationship between interpreting and cognitive performance.
摘要本系统文献综述的目的是回答口译员培训和经验对哪种执行功能影响最大的问题。我们使用执行功能的“统一性和多样性”框架来区分三个执行组成部分:反应和分心抑制、转换和更新。在综述中包括的17项研究中,我们只发现了口译员在转换和更新方面的优势,但每项研究的模式都不同。关于更新,口译员组的得分高于对照组,但纵向研究的总体趋势并没有显示口译员受训人员的进步。相比之下,对于Shifting,由于口译培训,成绩有所提高。我们的系统综述强调了在研究口译和认知表现之间的关系时,理解执行过程多样性的重要性。
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引用次数: 5
How much noise can you make through an interpreter? 通过翻译你能发出多少噪音?
IF 1.9 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-11-17 DOI: 10.1075/intp.00042.bar
Magdalena Bartłomiejczyk
Abstract The paper employs critical discourse analysis for a pragmatically-oriented exploration of several racist statements by a Polish Eurosceptic Member of the European Parliament (MEP), Janusz Korwin-Mikke. The original fragments in English or in Polish were extracted from a larger corpus containing all the plenary contributions of the MEP (2014–2018). They are com­pared with their interpretations into German and, respectively, either Polish or English. The qualitative analysis reveals that the approach to racist statements by interpreters is inconsistent, both across all the three language units and when the output of each is considered separately. In the analysed interpretations, there is evidence of preservation of the pragmatic effect, slight/radical mitigation, and strengthening. Slight mitigation seems to be the most popular option. The interpreters tended to tone down anthroponyms functioning as racial slurs and to omit implicit racism.
摘要本文采用批判性话语分析,以务实为导向,探讨了欧洲议会波兰疑欧派议员Janusz Korwin Mikke的几项种族主义言论。英语或波兰语的原始片段是从一个更大的语料库中提取的,该语料库包含MEP的所有全体贡献(2014-2018)。它们分别被翻译成德语和波兰语或英语。定性分析表明,口译员对种族主义言论的处理方式不一致,无论是在所有三个语言单位中,还是在单独考虑每个语言单位的产出时。在分析的解释中,有证据表明保留了语用效果、轻微/激进的缓解和强化。轻度缓解似乎是最受欢迎的选择。口译员倾向于淡化充当种族诽谤的人类名字,并省略隐含的种族主义。
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引用次数: 9
Eva N.S. Ng. Common law in an uncommon courtroom: Judicial interpreting in Hong Kong Eva N.S. Ng。普通法在不寻常的法庭:香港的司法解释
IF 1.9 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-04-10 DOI: 10.1075/intp.00038.ste
Ludmila Stern
This article reviews Common law in an uncommon courtroom: Judicial interpreting in Hong Kong 978 90 272 0191 1
本文回顾了一个不寻常的法庭中的普通法:香港的司法口译(978 90 272 0191)
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引用次数: 2
Pragmalinguistic challenges for trainee interpreters in achieving accuracy 实习口译员在语用语言学上的挑战
IF 1.9 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-04-10 DOI: 10.1075/intp.00035.liu
Xin Liu
Abstract In cross-examination, questions are used by counsel as powerful tools to control witness testimonies. In bilingual courtrooms, conveying the subtlety in the use of questions from one language to another is crucial for all participants. However, achieving a high level of accuracy is extremely demanding due to the intricacy of courtroom discourse and the complexity of interpreting in such an institutional setting. Drawing on a moot court exercise at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, this study investigates the most common pragmalinguistic challenges for trainee interpreters in achieving accuracy when interpreting cross-examination questions from English to Mandarin. Findings show that it can be challenging to produce pragmatically accurate renditions: Mandarin interpretations have an overall weakened illocutionary force compared to the original English questions. In particular, declaratives, reported speech declaratives, modal interrogatives, and tag questions are found to be difficult to interpret into Mandarin. This paper also explores the way the illocutionary force of the interpreted questions deviates from the original and the possible causes for this shift. Findings point to the need to enhance pragmatic competence among trainee interpreters, which in turn will require specialised training for interpreters working in legal settings.
摘要在质证中,问题被律师用作控制证人证词的有力工具。在双语法庭上,将问题使用的微妙之处从一种语言传达给另一种语言对所有参与者来说都至关重要。然而,由于法庭话语的复杂性和在这样一个机构环境中口译的复杂性,实现高水平的准确性要求极高。这项研究借鉴了悉尼新南威尔士大学的一项模拟法庭练习,调查了实习口译员在将盘问问题从英语翻译成普通话时,在实现准确性方面最常见的语用学挑战。研究结果表明,产生语用准确的翻译可能具有挑战性:与最初的英语问题相比,普通话翻译的言外力量总体上减弱了。特别是,声明词、报告语音声明词、语气疑问句和标记问题被发现很难翻译成普通话。本文还探讨了解释问题的言外力偏离原文的方式以及这种偏离的可能原因。调查结果表明,有必要提高实习口译员的语用能力,这反过来又需要对在法律环境中工作的口译员进行专门培训。
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引用次数: 5
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Interpreting
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