Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2215104
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Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2203537
B. Magner, E. Potter
In another bumper issue of the Journal of Australian Studies, the expanse of Australian studies takes us from frontier history, crime narrative and visual culture through to questions of free speech, minority cultural identity, “larrikins” in Australian televisual culture, and feral horses. We are also pleased to offer an insight into current polling in the lead-up to the late 2023 referendum on the question of an Indigenous Voice to Parliament inscribed in the Constitution. The picture that emerges reflects the uncertain terrain of the referendum’s outcome, an extremely timely piece given the rancorous debate that surrounds it. Why are we drawn to seeing Big Things—oversized three-dimensional representations of everyday objects—when we travel around Australia? In the first article of this issue, “Making a Mark: Displays of Regional and National Identity in the Big Things of Australia and Canada”, Amy Clarke looks closely at these phenomena, which have attracted only minimal academic attention to date despite their pervasive presence across several countries. Sometimes dismissed as “lowbrow” or commercialised art forms, Big Things are, in fact, landmarks that can be investigated as material evidence of the identities and values of the communities— local, regional and national—who build, maintain and visit them. Clarke’s article takes a comparative approach to the 1,075 Big Things in Australia and 1,250 in Canada, revealing chronological, geographical and typological trends that highlight the capacity of these structures to represent their surrounding regions. In doing so, the article also demonstrates the value to be gained through studying Big Things as networks of meaning that evolve over time, reflecting the changing nature of their host societies. The cover image by Amos Gebhardt was chosen because it relates closely to Simon Farley’s contribution to this issue, “Mateship with Brumbies: Horses, Defiance and Indigeneity in the Australian Alps”. Farley notes that brumbies have occupied considerable space in settler-Australian culture since the 1890 publication of “The Man From Snowy River”. From the 1980s onwards, brumbies have been culled periodically to preserve “native” alpine ecosystems, which have not evolved to support hoofed animals. Such culls, however, are often highly controversial. Farley’s article leverages Sara Ahmed’s concept of affective economies to explain why the culling of brumbies generates such heated debate and intense public outpourings of emotion. The author relates the hyperaffective public performances of brumby supporters to a crisis in settler identity in Australia: as Indigenous activism has undermined the legitimacy of settler claims to belonging, some settlers have begun to use brumbies to assert their own kind of indigeneity. Linda Wells’s article, “Sarah Breaden: ‘A Refined and Splendid Kind of Girl’”, is based on her research into a collection of tin dwellings known as the Bungalow—located in the Northern Terri
在另一期《澳大利亚研究杂志》上，澳大利亚研究的广阔范围将我们从边疆历史、犯罪叙事和视觉文化带到言论自由、少数民族文化认同、澳大利亚电视文化中的“larrikins”和野马等问题。我们也很高兴就2023年底就《宪法》中所载的土著向议会发出声音的问题进行全民公决之前的民意调查提供见解。浮现出来的画面反映了公投结果的不确定性，考虑到围绕公投展开的充满敌意的辩论，这是一篇非常及时的文章。当我们在澳大利亚旅行时，为什么我们会被“大东西”——日常物品的超大三维表现所吸引?在本期的第一篇文章《留下印记:澳大利亚和加拿大大事中的地区和国家身份表现》中，艾米·克拉克仔细研究了这些现象，尽管它们在几个国家普遍存在，但迄今为止只引起了很少的学术关注。“大事物”有时被视为“低俗”或商业化的艺术形式，但事实上，它们是地标性建筑，可以作为建造、维护和参观它们的当地、地区和国家社区的身份和价值观的物证进行调查。克拉克的文章对澳大利亚的1075个大事物和加拿大的1250个大事物进行了比较，揭示了时间、地理和类型的趋势，突出了这些结构代表其周围地区的能力。在此过程中，本文还展示了通过研究“大事物”作为随时间演变的意义网络所获得的价值，这些意义网络反映了其所在社会不断变化的性质。选择阿莫斯·格布哈特的封面图片是因为它与西蒙·法利对本期的贡献密切相关，“与布伦比的伙伴关系:澳大利亚阿尔卑斯山的马匹，反抗和土著”。法利指出，自1890年出版《来自雪河的人》(the Man From Snowy River)以来，布伦比在澳大利亚移民文化中占据了相当大的地位。从20世纪80年代开始，为了保护尚未进化到支持有蹄类动物的“原生”高山生态系统，人们定期捕杀熊。然而，这样的淘汰往往是极具争议的。法利的文章利用了萨拉·艾哈迈德的情感经济概念来解释为什么对布伦比的捕杀会引发如此激烈的辩论和强烈的公众情绪宣泄。作者将布伦比支持者的过度情感公开表演与澳大利亚定居者身份认同的危机联系起来:由于土著激进主义破坏了定居者主张归属感的合法性，一些定居者开始使用布伦比来维护自己的土著身份。Linda Wells的文章“Sarah Breaden:‘一个优雅而灿烂的女孩’”是基于她对20世纪初位于北领地的一组被称为平房的锡屋的研究。在澳大利亚国家档案馆，韦尔斯偶然发现了一份名为“萨拉·布雷登(半种姓)教育”的文件，其中讲述了布雷登在澳大利亚中部的一个土著母亲和一个白人父亲的孩子的机构生活的部分故事，他们曾经路过平房。威尔斯对莎拉故事的探索，位于爱丽丝泉第一个平房的更大的创作历史中(1914 -)
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Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2192734
Bronwyn Lee
ABSTRACT The celibacy of Catholic “women religious”, or nuns, presents a dilemma for familiar narratives about the 1960s and 1970s as Australia’s “liberation decades”. In this article, I analyse an important oral history archive, not previously considered for this purpose, to explain how women religious “made sense” of their sexuality in relation to the social and institutional transformations of this period. I argue that women religious in Australia redefined celibacy as mature heterosexuality, and by doing so, they identified as ordinary women even as they held to their special status within the Catholic Church.
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Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2194567
A. Stevenson
raise “abstract questions”. Fawcett, in his 2014 book, Liberalism: The Life of an Idea, argues that, along with conservatism and socialism, liberalism was a policy response to industrial capitalism’s incessant change in the 19th century, with increased productivity, unemployment and impoverishment persistent features. Breaking liberalism into economic and social (capitals in the book) to explain change in one location is to miss not only the origins of the idea but its continuity, which also framed political divisions in late-19th-century Queensland (24–27). Burns—along with other Queensland politicians, at what was one frontier of capitalist expansion—grappled with the unity inherent in accumulation, international and local, as a combination of positives and negatives. So too with development, a 19th-century idea that Cowen and Shenton’s Doctrines of Development posits to be at least as international in its invention as liberalism. While Megarrity provides rich detail about Philp’s political activities, he does not go beyond repeating the descriptions economic, liberal and developer. Development, unlike earlier ideas of change, including Adam Smith’s favoured improvement, was framed to deal with what was seen as beneficial in capitalism but also its constant destructiveness—that is, describing Philp as a developer (and as a liberal) avoids asking why he did not see these consequences and try to also frame state policy to counter the negatives. In short, in international terms at least, Philp was wedded neither to liberalism nor to development. Megarrity rules out examining the possibility that conservative and conservatism (compare commentary across pages xv, 57, 66, 122, and 218) played at least as important a part in Philp’s political philosophy as these other two ideas. Conservative seems a better fit with parochial than liberal and developer to this reviewer. That there is no consideration of the consequences of commercial expansion for the Indigenous population of the region in a current biography of a major Queensland political figure only strengthens the assessment.
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Pub Date : 2023-03-12DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2184850
Lindsay Barrett, Peter Kirkpatrick
ABSTRACT Stephen Fry has described the typical American comic hero as a freewheeling “wisecracker” compared to the English type, who is apt to be an aspirational lower-middle-class failure. With Fry as a prompt, we consider humour and class in the evolution—or devolution—of that representative local hero, the larrikin, during Australian television’s first three decades. This was a period that saw a realignment of the nation’s political, economic and cultural affiliations away from Britain towards the US, and in which the ocker came into sudden prominence as a less benign version of rowdy male identity. If media larrikins such as Graham Kennedy and Paul Hogan excelled at the kind of sketch-based humour that had its origins in vaudeville and were unsuited to sitcoms, ocker characters such as Wally Stiller from My Name’s McGooley and Ted Bullpitt from Kingswood Country found a home there. Our analysis of larrikin and ocker humour is triangulated with that of Norman Gunston, as played by Garry McDonald: a desperately aspirational failure with his own mock variety show who emerged from the dialogue between these two comic types. We conclude with some thoughts on post-ockerism and the emergence of the bogan.
斯蒂芬•弗莱将典型的美国喜剧英雄描述为随心所欲的“俏皮话者”，而英国的喜剧英雄则往往是志向远大的中下层失败者。以弗莱为例，我们来思考一下在澳大利亚电视业的头三十年里，具有代表性的当地英雄拉里金(larrikin)的演变(或演变)中的幽默和阶级。在这一时期，英国的政治、经济和文化从属关系从英国向美国重新调整，在此期间，男子作为粗鲁男性身份的一种不那么温和的版本突然变得突出起来。如果说格雷厄姆·肯尼迪(Graham Kennedy)和保罗·霍根(Paul Hogan)等媒体人物擅长于起源于杂耍剧、不适合情景喜剧的小品幽默，那么《我的名字叫麦古利》(My Name 's McGooley)中的沃利·斯蒂勒(Wally Stiller)和《金斯伍德乡村》(Kingswood Country)中的特德·布尔皮特(Ted Bullpitt)等明星人物则在喜剧中找到了自己的家。我们对拉里金和奥克幽默的分析与加里·麦克唐纳饰演的诺曼·冈斯顿(Norman Gunston)的幽默形成了三角关系:在这两种喜剧类型的对话中，他在自己的模拟综艺节目中表现出了绝望的抱负失败。最后，我们对后ockerism和bogan的出现进行了一些思考。
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Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2180771
Deborah Shuh Yi Tan
ABSTRACT The small amount of scripture translation into Aboriginal languages that occurred in 19th-century Victoria, Australia, stands in sharp contrast with the enthusiasm for translation in the Pacific Islands during the same period. By focusing on the work of William Thomas, the most prolific of the amateur translators, this article investigates why so little translation was completed. Thomas’s 1858 recommendation for English-only schools, and his discouragement of Aboriginal languages, seems to contradict his initial enthusiasm for translation and his lifelong interest in Aboriginal languages. In particular, I explore the possible influence of three language ideologies on Thomas’s thinking: the Protestant belief in the translatability of scripture, the Herderian connection between language and a people, and the Lockean ideology that certain languages or ways of speaking are obstacles to progress. Ultimately, the devastating decline in the Woiwurrung and Boonwurrung population exerted the most influence on Thomas’s thinking, though it did not curtail his belief in their just claim to substantial and “sacred” reservations of land.
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Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2175892
M. Goot
ABSTRACT Following the prime minister’s announcement, in May 2022, that Australians would be asked to decide whether to have an Indigenous Voice to Parliament inscribed in the Constitution, a large number of polls sought to measure the breadth and strength of support for a constitutionally enshrined Voice. Some also sought to measure the appeals that might make support for a Voice either more attractive or more vulnerable. This article shows that support for a constitutional amendment, while broad, was not strong: that while majorities were in favour of change—nationally and in most states—there was no majority strongly committed to change, and the majority in favour of constitutional change was declining. It shows that while most Labor voters and the Greens supported the change, Coalition supporters increasingly did not. And it shows which considerations appeared to resonate with respondents and which did not. In the course of documenting and analysing these findings, this article offers a critique of the polls: the wording and sequencing of some of the questions, some of the response options, and the questions not asked.
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Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2175018
Z. Roberts
ABSTRACT This article explores the narratives of three Aboriginal women who also identity as Jewish. Despite their shared identities, the way they reflected on both their Aboriginality and Jewishness revealed that understandings of dual community identities are experienced in different, and sometimes conflicting, ways. Drawing on the notion of agency in the everyday, I approach the experiences of these women in terms of their navigation of identity and community. In doing so, I contribute to the growing body of literature surrounding lateral connections between minority communities in Australia.
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Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.1080/14443058.2023.2174664
Jordana Silverstein
meaningful insights from. Isolated examples, however, reveal audience members’ devotion to particular programs or personalities, even requesting dates with television stars. The fan mail received by satirical radio and television personalities Roy Slaven (John Doyle) and H. G. Nelson (Greig Pickhaver), for example, reveal a rich sense of community and audience involvement in the duo’s programs, commentary and humour. Like the record of complaints received by broadcasters, personalities and programs, the sheer volume of letter writing indicates Australians’ keen dedication to the form, and indeed a “proprietorial feeling” (86) listeners had for their local radio stations, if not for programs and personalities themselves. Complaints about unscripted banter on television reveal a preoccupation with morality and “good taste”, most famously in the case of Graham Kennedy’s 1975 “crow call”. These letters, Griffen-Foley argues, constitute the “voices of Australians... lonely, sad, angry, indignant and sometimes funny” as they “negotiated questions of cultural, power and value over a century” (96). A tantalising examination of ABC Television Viewers’ Committees from 1959 to 1965 reveals the operations of an early experiment in the ABC’s efforts at audience consultation. Its findings suggest the two-way interaction between broadcaster and audience was limited, however, amid a lack of interest in audience input on programming. The final chapter on matchmaking programs on radio and television explores a popular genre of entertainment from the 1930s to the 1980s, which paved the way for much reality television. Here, audience involvement in particular programs was more literal, especially on television, where participation by “ordinary” viewers in a show such as Perfect Match offered an inkling of celebrity. One wishes the book’s introduction and conclusion were slightly longer, and indeed the book itself had more stories to tell. As Griffen-Foley admits, its contents serve as an invitation for media historians to delve deeper into these areas, where unexamined files and private archives promise to reveal new findings on the operation of Australian media institutions and those Australians who consumed its programming over the last century.
{"title":"By Students for Students: A History of the Melbourne University Union","authors":"Jordana Silverstein","doi":"10.1080/14443058.2023.2174664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2023.2174664","url":null,"abstract":"meaningful insights from. Isolated examples, however, reveal audience members’ devotion to particular programs or personalities, even requesting dates with television stars. The fan mail received by satirical radio and television personalities Roy Slaven (John Doyle) and H. G. Nelson (Greig Pickhaver), for example, reveal a rich sense of community and audience involvement in the duo’s programs, commentary and humour. Like the record of complaints received by broadcasters, personalities and programs, the sheer volume of letter writing indicates Australians’ keen dedication to the form, and indeed a “proprietorial feeling” (86) listeners had for their local radio stations, if not for programs and personalities themselves. Complaints about unscripted banter on television reveal a preoccupation with morality and “good taste”, most famously in the case of Graham Kennedy’s 1975 “crow call”. These letters, Griffen-Foley argues, constitute the “voices of Australians... lonely, sad, angry, indignant and sometimes funny” as they “negotiated questions of cultural, power and value over a century” (96). A tantalising examination of ABC Television Viewers’ Committees from 1959 to 1965 reveals the operations of an early experiment in the ABC’s efforts at audience consultation. Its findings suggest the two-way interaction between broadcaster and audience was limited, however, amid a lack of interest in audience input on programming. The final chapter on matchmaking programs on radio and television explores a popular genre of entertainment from the 1930s to the 1980s, which paved the way for much reality television. Here, audience involvement in particular programs was more literal, especially on television, where participation by “ordinary” viewers in a show such as Perfect Match offered an inkling of celebrity. One wishes the book’s introduction and conclusion were slightly longer, and indeed the book itself had more stories to tell. As Griffen-Foley admits, its contents serve as an invitation for media historians to delve deeper into these areas, where unexamined files and private archives promise to reveal new findings on the operation of Australian media institutions and those Australians who consumed its programming over the last century.","PeriodicalId":51817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Australian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83174669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.51174/ajdss.0302/wycq2631
Honae H. Cuffe
{"title":"Our Exceptional Friend: Australia’s Fatal Alliance with the United States","authors":"Honae H. Cuffe","doi":"10.51174/ajdss.0302/wycq2631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51174/ajdss.0302/wycq2631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Australian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84040224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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