This article analyses the semantic features of two constructions characterised by the specific use of morphosyntactic indicators of the category of number. The constructions are based on unusual, unobvious ways of using singular and plural forms of NP. The singular (in the first construction) and plural (in the second) forms of NP give to the constructions a metonymic character. The constructions are described as two types of metonymy, representing two different ways of construal.
{"title":"Grammatical metonymy and construal operations","authors":"Monika Szymańska","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00091.szy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00091.szy","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article analyses the semantic features of two constructions characterised by the specific use of\u0000 morphosyntactic indicators of the category of number. The constructions are based on unusual, unobvious ways of using singular and\u0000 plural forms of NP. The singular (in the first construction) and plural (in the second) forms of NP give to the constructions a\u0000 metonymic character. The constructions are described as two types of metonymy, representing two different ways of construal.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42025148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Divjak (2019): Frequency in language: Memory, attention and learning","authors":"T. Yih","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00097.yih","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00097.yih","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45501089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spoken metaphors such as “unstable situation” document a conceptual association between physical instability and difficult situations. Drawing on research in embodied cognition and conceptual metaphor, the present research examined whether people’s somatic experience can influence their attitudes toward the current COVID-19 pandemic. The hypothesis is that inducing a sensorimotor state such as physical instability can activate the associated abstract concepts such as the feelings of instability during a public health crisis. In Experiment 1, participants who sat at a wobbly table and chair believed more in and had greater concern about the coronavirus disease than participants in a stable workstation. Using a different manipulation of physical instability and a more diverse sample, Experiment 2 found that participants who stood on one foot rather than two were more likely to worry about the pandemic. Experiment 3 examined consequential behavior that might follow from respondents’ COVID-19-related attitudes. The results showed that participants who adopted a single-leg stance rather than a double-leg stance donated more money to the coronavirus treatment acceleration program aiming to stabilize the virus situation. Taken together, these findings indicate that seemingly irrelevant physical experiences can skew people’s opinions on the COVID-19 pandemic, exerting potential downstream effects on their actual behavior.
{"title":"Living in turbulent times","authors":"Heng Li","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00094.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00094.li","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Spoken metaphors such as “unstable situation” document a conceptual association between physical instability and difficult situations. Drawing on research in embodied cognition and conceptual metaphor, the present research examined whether people’s somatic experience can influence their attitudes toward the current COVID-19 pandemic. The hypothesis is that inducing a sensorimotor state such as physical instability can activate the associated abstract concepts such as the feelings of instability during a public health crisis. In Experiment 1, participants who sat at a wobbly table and chair believed more in and had greater concern about the coronavirus disease than participants in a stable workstation. Using a different manipulation of physical instability and a more diverse sample, Experiment 2 found that participants who stood on one foot rather than two were more likely to worry about the pandemic. Experiment 3 examined consequential behavior that might follow from respondents’ COVID-19-related attitudes. The results showed that participants who adopted a single-leg stance rather than a double-leg stance donated more money to the coronavirus treatment acceleration program aiming to stabilize the virus situation. Taken together, these findings indicate that seemingly irrelevant physical experiences can skew people’s opinions on the COVID-19 pandemic, exerting potential downstream effects on their actual behavior.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41901781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents an original three-component model of the linguistic sign. It shares with the established triadic models of Peirce (1955 [1897]) and Ogden and Richards (1923/1949) in identifying thought, word and thing as essential components; but differs in being linear, with thought and thing at opposite poles. It is argued that this arrangement reflects the way the components of the sign relate to reality and thereby serves well as an explanatory tool for linguistic research. The model is further modified at each of the ontological realms using concepts from cognitive linguistics, renamed cognition, language and reality. The new model is employed as a research tool in two case studies: one illustrates its use in making sense of the complex field of language grammar; the other does the same for figurative language – metaphor and metonymy. The article’s conclusions include that interrogating established cornerstones of linguistic theory in the light of new theory can lead to the development of improved research tools.
{"title":"The Three Grammars and the sign","authors":"C. Denroche","doi":"10.1075/RCL.00081.DEN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/RCL.00081.DEN","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article presents an original three-component model of the linguistic sign. It shares with the established\u0000 triadic models of Peirce (1955 [1897]) and Ogden\u0000 and Richards (1923/1949) in identifying thought, word and thing as essential components; but differs\u0000 in being linear, with thought and thing at opposite poles. It is argued that this arrangement reflects the way\u0000 the components of the sign relate to reality and thereby serves well as an explanatory tool for linguistic research. The model is\u0000 further modified at each of the ontological realms using concepts from cognitive linguistics, renamed cognition, language\u0000 and reality. The new model is employed as a research tool in two case studies: one illustrates its use in making sense of\u0000 the complex field of language grammar; the other does the same for figurative language – metaphor and metonymy. The article’s\u0000 conclusions include that interrogating established cornerstones of linguistic theory in the light of new theory can lead to the\u0000 development of improved research tools.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46040687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to examine the target concepts of metaphorical and metonymical uses of blood in Jordanian Arabic (JA) through adopting Conceptual Metaphor Theory as based on the notion of main meaning focus (Kövecses, 2010, 2011) as a theoretical framework. A 40,000 words specialized corpus was built for the purpose of this study. Data was analyzed employing WordSmith Tools (version 6), which enables the processing of Arabic data. The results reveal that blood as a source domain can be used to conceptualize character traits, essence and emotion in JA through metonymy-based-metaphors and scenic metaphors in which the source domain is constructed metonymically. Similarities and differences were detected between JA and other languages investigated in the literature. Similarities were ascribed to cognitive embodiment of bodily substances, i.e., blood, to conceptualize abstract concepts such as character traits and emotion, while differences were attributed to socio-cultural embodiment of certain qualities of blood shared by members of the Jordanian community.
{"title":"Blood metaphors and metonymies in Jordanian Arabic and English","authors":"Aseel Zibin","doi":"10.1075/RCL.00075.ZIB","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/RCL.00075.ZIB","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aims to examine the target concepts of metaphorical and metonymical uses of blood in\u0000 Jordanian Arabic (JA) through adopting Conceptual Metaphor Theory as based on the notion of main meaning focus (Kövecses, 2010, 2011) as a theoretical\u0000 framework. A 40,000 words specialized corpus was built for the purpose of this study. Data was analyzed employing\u0000 WordSmith Tools (version 6), which enables the processing of Arabic data. The results reveal that blood as a\u0000 source domain can be used to conceptualize character traits, essence and emotion in JA through\u0000 metonymy-based-metaphors and scenic metaphors in which the source domain is constructed metonymically. Similarities and\u0000 differences were detected between JA and other languages investigated in the literature. Similarities were ascribed to cognitive\u0000 embodiment of bodily substances, i.e., blood, to conceptualize abstract concepts such as character traits and\u0000 emotion, while differences were attributed to socio-cultural embodiment of certain qualities of blood shared by\u0000 members of the Jordanian community.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42358423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper investigates the synaesthetic constructions in Persian with the aim of finding out what motivates them despite their incongruous syntactic-semantic assignments. It is argued that these paradoxical elements require a metaphoric/metonymic frame to assign appropriate lexical units (LUs) to their corresponding syntactic categories (NP + rɑ +VP and NP + AP). The discrepancy derives from the semantic aspects for which frame semantics provides two types of explanations: internal and external frame factors. Internal factors deal with the metaphoric/metonymic compatibility or similarity between frames, while external factors underline the use of lexical items from one subframe to fill the vocabulary gap of a different subframe. The argument is that this gap owes much to the indirect contact between the Phenomenon (e.g., an odorous substance) and the Body-part (e.g., nose) that perceives it. In short, the analysis of our data reveals that synaesthesia is not only an economical strategy for modifying the senses, but also a natural mental strategy for interpreting vague experiences. A configuration of the incongruent construction of ‘smell’ and ‘hearing’ will be proposed to generalize such an analysis.
摘要本文对波斯语的联觉结构进行了研究，目的是找出在句法语义分配不协调的情况下，是什么促使它们产生联觉结构。本文认为，这些矛盾元素需要一个隐喻/转喻框架来为其相应的句法范畴(NP + r * +VP和NP + AP)分配适当的词汇单位。这种差异源于语义方面，框架语义提供了两种解释:内部和外部框架因素。内部因素处理框架之间隐喻/转喻的兼容性或相似性，而外部因素强调使用一个子框架的词汇项目来填补不同子框架的词汇空白。这种观点认为，这种差距很大程度上是由于现象(如气味物质)和感知它的身体部位(如鼻子)之间的间接接触。简而言之，对我们数据的分析表明，联觉不仅是一种修改感官的经济策略，也是一种解释模糊体验的自然心理策略。将提出“嗅觉”和“听觉”的不一致结构的配置来概括这种分析。
{"title":"‘I hear the smell of roses’","authors":"S. Hamzeh Mousavi, M. Amouzadeh","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00065.mou","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00065.mou","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper investigates the synaesthetic constructions in Persian with the aim of finding out what motivates them despite their incongruous syntactic-semantic assignments. It is argued that these paradoxical elements require a metaphoric/metonymic frame to assign appropriate lexical units (LUs) to their corresponding syntactic categories (NP + rɑ +VP and NP + AP). The discrepancy derives from the semantic aspects for which frame semantics provides two types of explanations: internal and external frame factors. Internal factors deal with the metaphoric/metonymic compatibility or similarity between frames, while external factors underline the use of lexical items from one subframe to fill the vocabulary gap of a different subframe. The argument is that this gap owes much to the indirect contact between the Phenomenon (e.g., an odorous substance) and the Body-part (e.g., nose) that perceives it. In short, the analysis of our data reveals that synaesthesia is not only an economical strategy for modifying the senses, but also a natural mental strategy for interpreting vague experiences. A configuration of the incongruent construction of ‘smell’ and ‘hearing’ will be proposed to generalize such an analysis.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":"78 1","pages":"397-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76089171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vassiliki (Bessy) Geka, Sophia Marmaridou, K. Nikiforidou
Abstract Adopting a constructionally-oriented analysis, the present paper examines the pattern ‘think again’ (i.e., an instance of a mental state verb + adverbial adjunct) in synchronic, corpus-derived data. On the basis of both qualitative and quantitative analyses we show that think again merits constructional status in language; while it inherits features of fully-compositional meaning from its constituents it has also developed its own idiosyncratic properties. We further argue that think again may ultimately function as a discourse marker of challenge that regulates the relationship between Speaker (S) and Addressee (A), correlating with certain contextual regularities and interdependencies. It thus qualifies as a discourse construction that imposes a dialogic construal on its context and contributes fundamentally to discourse unit delimitation.
{"title":"Dialogic constructions and discourse units:","authors":"Vassiliki (Bessy) Geka, Sophia Marmaridou, K. Nikiforidou","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00068.gek","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00068.gek","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adopting a constructionally-oriented analysis, the present paper examines the pattern ‘think again’ (i.e., an instance of a mental state verb + adverbial adjunct) in synchronic, corpus-derived data. On the basis of both qualitative and quantitative analyses we show that think again merits constructional status in language; while it inherits features of fully-compositional meaning from its constituents it has also developed its own idiosyncratic properties. We further argue that think again may ultimately function as a discourse marker of challenge that regulates the relationship between Speaker (S) and Addressee (A), correlating with certain contextual regularities and interdependencies. It thus qualifies as a discourse construction that imposes a dialogic construal on its context and contributes fundamentally to discourse unit delimitation.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":"41 20 1","pages":"480-518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88758917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Lexical Constructional Model (LCM) describes ironic constructions as containing echoes that invoke two contrasting situations: expected and real. The reconciliation of the contrast, which happens at the implicational level, gives rise to specific meaning effects in terms of speaker’s emotional reaction (see Ruiz de Mendoza & Galera Masegosa, 2014). The present study elaborates on these insights showing that echoing and contrast can cooperate in non-ironic constructions. In these cases, however, a full-fledged interpretation of the speaker’s reaction happens at the illocutionary level as bearing the value of an indirect invitation to the hearer to assess the truth value of the expected situation. Hence, the collaboration of echoing and contrast in non-ironic constructions may effect conceptual change/development. This is consistent with yet another observation made by the LCM; namely, that the cooperation of echoing and contrast operations in ironic constructions involves a concept-building operation (Ruiz de Mendoza, 2017).
词汇结构模型(LCM)将反讽结构描述为包含两种不同情境的回声:期望情境和现实情境。对比的调和发生在暗示层面，在说话者的情绪反应方面产生特定的意义效应(见Ruiz de Mendoza & Galera Masegosa, 2014)。本研究详细阐述了这些见解，表明呼应和对比在非讽刺结构中是可以合作的。然而，在这些情况下，对说话人反应的全面解释发生在言外层面，因为它承载了间接邀请听者评估预期情况的真值的价值。因此，非反讽结构中呼应和对比的协同作用可能影响概念的变化/发展。这与LCM的另一个观测结果是一致的;即反讽结构中呼应和对比操作的合作涉及概念构建操作(Ruiz de Mendoza, 2017)。
{"title":"Echoing-contrast combination in non-ironic constructions","authors":"Ghsoon Reda","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00067.red","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00067.red","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Lexical Constructional Model (LCM) describes ironic constructions as containing echoes that invoke two contrasting situations: expected and real. The reconciliation of the contrast, which happens at the implicational level, gives rise to specific meaning effects in terms of speaker’s emotional reaction (see Ruiz de Mendoza & Galera Masegosa, 2014). The present study elaborates on these insights showing that echoing and contrast can cooperate in non-ironic constructions. In these cases, however, a full-fledged interpretation of the speaker’s reaction happens at the illocutionary level as bearing the value of an indirect invitation to the hearer to assess the truth value of the expected situation. Hence, the collaboration of echoing and contrast in non-ironic constructions may effect conceptual change/development. This is consistent with yet another observation made by the LCM; namely, that the cooperation of echoing and contrast operations in ironic constructions involves a concept-building operation (Ruiz de Mendoza, 2017).","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":"89 1","pages":"458-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78552351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to the Body-Specificity Hypothesis, humans preferentially associate positive features with their dominant side with which they interact more fluently, and negatives features with their non-dominant side with which they act more clumsily. The current research investigated implicit space-valence mappings in two clinical populations, namely, patients with unilateral stroke and individuals who suffered the loss of a limb. Across the two studies, our findings offered general support for the Body-Specificity Hypothesis with important caveats. Specifically, the body-specificity effect was more detectable in the two groups of right-handed individuals with motor fluency impairment on their left side than healthy controls. This is possibly because the former can gain more fluent experience with their dominant hand since they exclusively use the intact hand for self-sufficiency, which may increase their bias toward “right-is-good” pattern. Taken together, the results provided converging evidence that individual differences in action fluency may moderate the body-specificity effect.
{"title":"Less is more","authors":"Heng Li","doi":"10.1075/rcl.00069.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00069.li","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000According to the Body-Specificity Hypothesis, humans preferentially associate positive features with their dominant side with which they interact more fluently, and negatives features with their non-dominant side with which they act more clumsily. The current research investigated implicit space-valence mappings in two clinical populations, namely, patients with unilateral stroke and individuals who suffered the loss of a limb. Across the two studies, our findings offered general support for the Body-Specificity Hypothesis with important caveats. Specifically, the body-specificity effect was more detectable in the two groups of right-handed individuals with motor fluency impairment on their left side than healthy controls. This is possibly because the former can gain more fluent experience with their dominant hand since they exclusively use the intact hand for self-sufficiency, which may increase their bias toward “right-is-good” pattern. Taken together, the results provided converging evidence that individual differences in action fluency may moderate the body-specificity effect.","PeriodicalId":51932,"journal":{"name":"Review of Cognitive Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47886057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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