Journal of Affective Disorders Reports最新文献

Background

Individuals with love addiction (LA) may experience psychological, social, and cognitive difficulties in everyday life. However, no study has explored the psychological symptoms, subjective cognitive complaints, and personological aspects associated with LA. The present study aimed to investigate the psychological, behavioral, and cognitive correlates of LA by comparing individuals with high (H-LAI) and low (L-LAI) levels of LA and to clarify the role of resilience and coping style as protective factors of LA.

Methods

The online questionnaire used to recruit the sample included the Love Addiction Inventory (LAI) to assess the levels of LA and cognitive failures, resilience, coping style, depression, and anxiety assessment. Participants were equally divided into H-LAI and L-LAI groups based on the median LAI value.

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 600 participants (446 females; mean age = 29.5, SD = 9.44). Compared to L-LAI, H-LAI participants were younger and showed more severe anxiety and depressive symptoms; moreover, they complained more frequently about memory and attention failures. Male sex was found to be a risk factor in the development of LA, resilience emerged as a significant protective factor.

Limitations

Longitudinal research is needed to better explore the causal link between love addiction and psychological or cognitive failures. Additionally, objective neuropsychological tests should deeply investigate this connection.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated a cognitive and psychological profile associated with love addiction characterized by more severe psychological symptoms and perceived cognitive failures. An early identification of individuals most at risk to develop love addiction and the implementation of timed strategies reinforcing resilience might avoid detrimental consequences.

Background

This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence of an association between problematic social networking site use (PSNSU) and social well-being and predictors of PSNSU among young adults (18–35 years).

Methods

The systematic review considered cross-sectional and cohort studies that assessed the association between PSNSU and social well-being among young adults. The JBI systematic review methodology of etiology and risk was followed. Data were collected from eight electronic databases and manually from reference lists of selected studies. Two independent reviewers selected studies by screening titles, abstracts and full texts and assessed the quality of the included studies. Data were extracted and synthesized with narrative methods.

Results

Twenty one (n = 21) studies were included in the final review. The results showed that there were associations between PSNSU and different social well-being factors, e.g., associations were found between PSNSU and social and parasocial relationships on social networking sites and social media anxiety. Also some predictive factors were found.

Limitations

Although, the search strategies were developed in conjunction with an information specialist, some keywords might have been missed, which could have affected the search results. Social well-being and PSNS use can be defined in many ways, which may have affected which studies were excluded. Language limitations might affect to the study inclusion.

Conclusions

In most cases, PSNSU was associated with lower social well-being, although some mixed results were obtained. Definitions of PSNSU and social well-being varied widely. Therefore, in the future, it would be beneficial to have clear concepts for PSNSU and social well-being. It is also important to consider social aspects in PSNSU.

Background

Healthcare workers (HCW) have faced unprecedented challenges during the COVID-19, with significant impact on their well-being. We aimed to monitor stress-related symptoms and resilience in HCW over time in relation to various factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Between June 2020 and May 2022, data was collected among HCW of Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) through a digital self-monitoring application. The application included a 14-items self-monitoring tool (i.e., 7-items on Supporting factors, 7-items on Stressful burden), and a set of validated questionnaires (i.e., the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R), Resilience Evaluation Scale (RES), and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21).

Results

The self-monitoring tool and validated questionnaires were completed by 1070 and 413 participants respectively. Mean stress-related symptom scores (as measured by the self-monitoring, CBI, IES-R, and DASS-21) exhibited significant changes over time (all p’s < 0.001), which correlated with the waves of COVID-19 patients admitted and the national COVID-19 mortality rate (all p’s < 0.005). Resilience, as measured by the RES, showed a significant decrease from the start of data collection onwards (p = 0.001), whereas supporting factors showed significant decreases the first few months, followed by fluctuations after January 2021 (p = 0.02).

Limitations

Selection bias may have arisen as those participating may have been more concerned with the burden on mental wellbeing.

Conclusions

The current study underscores the need for active psychosocial support for all HCW particularly during periods of increased admissions due to pandemics.

Background

Emotional reactivity and regulation have been frequently proposed to explain the relationship between insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms. However, no longitudinal study has examined insomnia symptoms, depressive symptoms, and emotional reactivity and regulation simultaneously and evaluated the mediating role of emotional reactivity and regulation. The current study investigated emotional reactivity and regulation as potential mediators of the relationship between insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms in a three-wave longitudinal study over three months.

Methods

Nine hundred and twenty-four participants with clinically significant insomnia were recruited (ages ranging from 16 to 69 years, 72.9 % female). They filled out questionnaires that measured insomnia symptoms, depressive symptoms, emotional reactivity, and the use of emotion regulation strategies once per month for three months.

Results

The results showed that depressive symptoms predicted insomnia symptoms (but not vice versa) via negative emotional reactivity, rumination, and catastrophizing.

Limitations

This study is limited by its attrition rate (52.9 %) and self-report measures. Participants were individuals with insomnia and mainly young, educated adults, so the generalizability of the findings to other populations might also be limited.

Conclusions

These novel findings highlighted the importance of targeting emotional processes in assessing and treating individuals with insomnia and depression.

Background

The correlation between psychosis and bipolar disorder is a crucial and complex matter that requires attention and study. In this study, researchers examined the relationship between the current episode status, substance use disorder, different types of substance use, and psychotic symptoms in inpatients with bipolar disorder.

Methods

The study included 150 patients who were diagnosed with bipolar disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5). These patients were referred to the emergency department of Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital in Iran between November 2019 and February 2020. The Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 (SCID-5) questionnaire was used to diagnose the patient's bipolar disorder, including episodes of depression and mania, as well as their substance use disorder. The type of substance used and the pattern of its use were also evaluated using this questionnaire. Additionally, a faculty member of the psychiatry department at Tehran University of Medical Sciences carefully evaluated the patient's condition for the presence of psychotic symptoms using a psychiatric diagnostic interview.

Results

Out of 150 inpatients diagnosed with bipolar disorder, 89 (59.3 %) had comorbid substance use disorder. Among these 89 patients, 42 (47.2 %) had psychotic symptoms, whereas 79 (52.7 %) of the total 150 inpatients had psychotic symptoms. There was no significant relationship between substance use disorder (p-value=0.86), the type of substance used in a recent episode (p-value=0.93), and the current episode type (p-value=0.69) with psychotic symptoms.

Limitations

The study's generalizability is limited to hospital patients with bipolar disorder. Additionally, since it was a cross-sectional study, causal interpretation was not possible.

Conclusions

The study suggests a primary link between bipolar disorder and psychosis, independent of substance use. Longitudinal multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is widely used in studying mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among military service personnel (MSP). The risk for PTSD is greater after mTBI than after non-mTBI trauma, and PTSD is associated with worse biological, psychological, and social (biopsychosocial) outcomes after mTBI. Studying the neural correlates of mTBI-related PTSD in this population may provide insights into the pathophysiology of both conditions and help identify MSPs most at risk of developing persistent symptoms. This voxel-wise meta-analysis aimed to examine the current literature on rs-fMRI in mTBI-related PTSD, collect neuroimaging data, and perform a voxel-wise meta-analysis to identify significant nodes of functional connectivity across studies. We searched the literature using PubMed, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect. The database query yielded 1455 articles, narrowed with specified eligibility criteria to a final cohort of 33 studies, with 1521 experiment group participants and 1369 controls. Article quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 instrument. Our meta-analysis revealed a robust correlation between PTSD-mTBI and increased whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the amygdala. Our meta-analysis also showed strong correlations between PTSD-mTBI and decreased whole-brain rsFC across regions implicated in speech and language processing. Our meta-regression highlighted robust correlations between less time after a recent mTBI and increased whole-brain rsFC in posterior regions of the default mode network. Our meta-regression also showed strong correlations between increased PTSD symptom severity, increased connectivity in the amygdala, and decreased connectivity in Broca's area.

Introduction

Bipolar disorder (BD) presents an elevated risk of suicide. One hypothesis for this is that cognitive impairments contribute to suicidal behavior. However, the relationship between cognition and suicidal behavior in BD remains unclear.

Objective

To compare cognitive performance in individuals with BD with previous suicide attempts vs no attempt vs healthy controls (HC).

Methods

We included 306 participants: 101 individuals with BD (49 with previous suicide attempts and 52 without attempts) and 205 HC. Participants underwent a clinical interview and neuropsychological evaluation. We assessed cognitive performance in social cognition, episodic verbal memory, working memory, processing speed, executive functioning, sustained attention, and intelligence. Afterwards, individuals with BD were separated between groups with and without suicide attempts. We then compared cognitive performance and clinical characteritics between groups.

Results

Individuals with BD who attempted suicide had more hospitalizations, higher prevalence of psychiatric family history, and overall greater functional impairment. Regarding cognition, HC outperformed both BD groups, with the exception of social cognition and Stroop Color-Word and interference weighted score. However, there were no significant differences in cognitive performance among both BD groups.

Limitations

Cross-sectional design and dichotomization between suicide attempt vs. no attempt

Conclusions

BD with previous suicide attempt present worse clinical outcomes and higher illness severity. Nevertheless, there were no cognitive differences among individuals with BD with and without suicide attempts. Both BD groups may share a vulnerability for cognitive impairment, but not for clinical and functional outcomes. Our results point to significant heterogeneity among clinical and functioning areas of BD.

Background

Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) has detrimental impacts on neural development, especially hippocampal morphometry. Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI) has been shown to induce adaptive hippocampal changes especially at the subiculum. The present study aims to investigate the effects of MBI on subiculum volumes among ACE survivors, as well as the effects on episodic memory as a probe into hippocampal functionality.

Methods

We analyzed anatomical MRI data and performance indices from an episodic memory task called the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) collected from a randomized controlled longitudinal study that compared an 8-week MBI (N = 20) to an active control condition of Stress Management Education (SME) (N = 19). FreeSurfer 6.0 was used for automated hippocampal subfield segmentation and volumetric estimation.

Results

Significant group differences were observed with the volumetric changes of the right whole hippocampus and right subiculum. Only the MBI group showed improved pattern separation capability from MST, which was associated with stress reduction and right subiculum volumetric changes.

Limitations

Modest sample size. MST task was performed outside of MRI.

Conclusions

These findings suggest beneficial effects of MBI for hippocampal volumes and episodic memory, while highlighting the importance of the subiculum for MBI-induced neural and cognitive changes. The subiculum's known role in inhibitory control was interpreted as a potential mechanism for it to exhibit MBI-induced volumetric changes, which sheds light on the potential neural underpinnings of mindfulness meditation for reducing stress reactivity among ACE survivors.

Background

Alterations in neurochemical levels are potential biomarkers of affective disorders and offer a window into illness etiology. Much of the research done to date limits focus to few metabolites and relies on dichotomous diagnoses. Here, using ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we generate profiles of association between depressive and manic symptom rating scales and numerous metabolites.

Methods

MRS data were collected in 30 individuals (7 = major depressive disorder; 5 bipolar disorder and 18 unaffected individuals) in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula and hippocampus. All participants were administered mania and depression symptom scales.

Results

Small to medium relationships were observed between total choline (tCho), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (mIns) and depressive and manic symptoms. Associations between NAA and mania (r = –0.47, p = 8.88×10⁻⁰³) in the hippocampus, and tCho (r = –0.48, p = 8.79×10⁻⁰³) and NAA (r = –0.44, p = 0.01) and mania in the ACC withstood multiple testing correction.

Conclusions

Elevated levels of choline-containing compounds (tCho) and reduced NAA measured in the ACC and hippocampus are associated with mania indexed dimensionally. These metabolites may represent potential in vivo biomarkers for bipolar disorder symptomatology that warrant follow-up.