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Corporate Social Responsibility: A Legal Perspective with Reference to Banks in Pakistan 企业社会责任:以巴基斯坦银行为例的法律视角
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.26710/jbsee.v8i2.2322
R. Akhtar, Zil e Rehman, Mehreen Nazish
Purpose: The term "Corporate Social Responsibility" is not new in the business world. Over time, several academics and researchers have evolved their definitions of CSR, basing them on the political, environmental, economic, and social circumstances of the moment. Since the 1950s, no solitary, recognized definition of CSR among academics and researchers has existed. Companies that engage in CSR see a rise in customer loyalty. No doubt, CSR a new-fangled idea in Pakistan intensifies the significance of CSR for banks in Pakistan. The researchers will try to determine whether the banks operating in Pakistan are obeying the standards of CSR and, if so, how closely those rules are being adhered to. Design/Methodology/Approach: To achieve that, we will try to comprehend the idea of CSR, look into where it came from, and examine its constituent parts and primary motivators. affect the environment and people. Findings: Additionally, it is important to consider how CSR compliance may The study will attempt to look out for pertinent laws, rules, regulations, and recommendations in the local and international legal frameworks that highlight the importance of CSR and its application. Implications/Originality/Value: If banks do not execute the CSR laws, we will attempt to determine if the State and people of Pakistan have any legal remedies against the banks  
目的:“企业社会责任”这个词在商界并不新鲜。随着时间的推移,一些学者和研究人员根据当前的政治、环境、经济和社会环境,对企业社会责任的定义进行了演变。自20世纪50年代以来,学术界和研究人员对企业社会责任没有单独的、公认的定义。参与企业社会责任的公司看到了客户忠诚度的提高。毫无疑问,企业社会责任在巴基斯坦是一种新颖的理念,这强化了企业社会责任对巴基斯坦银行的重要性。研究人员将试图确定在巴基斯坦经营的银行是否遵守了企业社会责任的标准,如果是的话,这些规则的遵守程度如何。设计/方法论/方法:为了实现这一点,我们将尝试理解企业社会责任的概念,研究它的来源,并检查其组成部分和主要动机。影响环境和人。研究结果:此外,重要的是要考虑如何遵守企业社会责任。该研究将试图在当地和国际法律框架中寻找相关的法律、规则、法规和建议,这些法律、法规和建议强调了企业社会责任及其应用的重要性。含义/原创性/价值:如果银行不执行CSR法律,我们将尝试确定巴基斯坦国家和人民是否对银行有任何法律补救措施
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引用次数: 0
Illiteracy: A Source of Women Compensation (Sangchatti) for Settlement of Tribal Clashes. A Case Study of District Khairpur 文盲:部落冲突解决中妇女补偿的一个来源。以海尔普尔地区为例
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.26710/jbsee.v8i2.2279
Shah Muhammad Farooq, Mumtaz Ali, S. Shaikh
Purpose: The objective of the study was to analyze illiteracy as a source of women as compensation for settlement tribal clashes in District Khairpur, Sindh Pakistan. The present study was conducted in a rural area of District Khairpur.  Design/Methodology/Approach: The Data were collected through a questionnaire from the victims of Parents, brothers, and blood relatives of women. A sample size of 460 was randomly selected. Using techniques of descriptive statistics, reliability, and regression analysis to find out the relationship between Illiteracy and women as compensation (Sangchatti). All techniques were performed in SPSS 25.0 version for the data analysis. Findings: Illiteracy is a societal problem, which has unfavorable effects on the overall living conditions of tribal individuals. The high illiteracy ratio is one of the causes of tribal clashes and women as compensation for settlement disputes. Moreover, Illiteracy and women as compensation (Sangchatti) have a significant relationship among them. When they are having their businesses, in such cases as well, when they are literate, they will be able to render a significant contribution to achieving personal and professional goals. There are various causes of illiteracy, which are experienced by tribal individuals. Implications/Originality/Value: The study indicated that despite the provision of resources for their education, people had strong reservations about educating their females because of the tribal structure, their fear of Wadera, and their acceptance of their involvement in decision-making.                                        
目的:本研究的目的是分析在巴基斯坦信德省凯布尔区,文盲作为妇女的一个来源,作为对定居部落冲突的补偿。本研究是在海尔普尔区的一个农村地区进行的。设计/方法/方法:通过问卷调查的方式收集受害妇女的父母、兄弟和血亲的数据。随机抽取460人作为样本。运用描述性统计、信度和回归分析等方法,找出文盲与女性补偿之间的关系(Sangchatti)。所有技术均采用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据分析。发现:文盲是一个社会问题,它对部落个人的整体生活条件有不利影响。高文盲率是部落冲突和妇女作为解决争端的补偿的原因之一。此外,文盲和妇女作为补偿(Sangchatti)之间有显著的关系。当他们拥有自己的事业时,在这种情况下,当他们受过教育时,他们将能够为实现个人和职业目标做出重大贡献。造成文盲的原因多种多样,这是部落个体所经历的。启示/原创性/价值:该研究表明,尽管为她们的教育提供了资源,但由于部落结构、对Wadera的恐惧以及接受女性参与决策,人们对教育女性持强烈保留态度。
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引用次数: 0
Terrorism and the Performance of Journalists in Balochistan 恐怖主义与俾路支省记者的表现
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.26710/jbsee.v8i2.2337
N. Khan, Riffat Alam, Muhammad Junaid Ghauri
Purpose: Freedom of speech and freedom of the press is generally attributed to an independent society where the basic rights of citizens are ensured. Balochistan, the western and resources rich province of Pakistan with its huge geopolitical importance has been under a strong wave of terrorism for the last two decades. This menace of terrorism has severely affected citizens of the province including media workers. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research endeavor is an attempt to explore the impact of terrorism on the performance of media professionals in Balochistan. The study is based on the Hierarchy of Influence model which provides ground to explore the influence of terrorism. In this quantitative study, the researchers employing the systematic sampling technique have selected 50 media professionals out of 194 registered journalists of five press clubs; Quetta, Chaman, Noshki, Mastung, and Loralai. Findings: The survey findings show that terrorism has badly affected the quality of their reporting. The study also reveals that objective journalism is hard to follow in the province by journalists as they are always threatened not only by terrorists but also by the law enforcement agencies to mold the reports in their favor. Implications/Originality/Value The findings also indicate that terrorism has also affected journalists’ personal lives.
目的:言论自由和新闻自由通常归因于一个独立的社会,在这个社会中,公民的基本权利得到了保障。俾路支省是巴基斯坦西部资源丰富的省份,具有巨大的地缘政治重要性,在过去20年里一直处于强烈的恐怖主义浪潮之下。恐怖主义的威胁严重影响了该省的公民,包括媒体工作者。设计/方法/途径:本研究旨在探讨恐怖主义对俾路支省媒体专业人员表现的影响。该研究基于影响层次模型,为探索恐怖主义的影响提供了基础。在定量研究中,研究者采用系统抽样技术,从五个新闻俱乐部的194名注册记者中选择了50名媒体专业人员;Quetta, Chaman, Noshki, Mastung和Loralai。调查结果:调查结果显示,恐怖主义严重影响了他们的报道质量。该研究还显示,在该省,记者很难遵循客观的新闻报道,因为他们不仅经常受到恐怖分子的威胁,而且还受到执法机构的威胁,以塑造对他们有利的报道。研究结果还表明,恐怖主义也影响了记者的个人生活。
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引用次数: 0
The Right to Privacy, Its Progress & Decline: A Critical Review 隐私权,它的进步与衰落:一个批判性的回顾
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.26710/jbsee.v8i2.2255
A. Khan, Rizwana Gul, Shaista Naznin
Purpose: This article is aimed to analyze the different Philosophical and legal perspectives of privacy in the United States with reference to a few landmark cases in the U.S. My debate will cover different situations, views, and laws in the US, the EU, and Pakistan (to some extent) to critically view present and ongoing violations (now mostly agreed with opinion) of the right to privacy.  W. A. Parents and others on the definition of privacy and Louis D Brandeis on a political and legal ideal of privacy have been talked about. Approach: prior research studies and existing literature was examined regarding privacy. Findings: Privacy is acknowledged as a human rights issue, but it constitutes a real problem when the values and objectives behind privacy are different. Contemporary issues of unlimited surveillance and data collection to battle terrorism by law enforcement agencies and governments are particularly alarming to invade the right.
目的:本文旨在通过参考美国一些具有里程碑意义的案例来分析美国不同的隐私哲学和法律观点。我的辩论将涵盖美国、欧盟和巴基斯坦(在某种程度上)的不同情况、观点和法律,以批判性地看待当前和正在进行的侵犯隐私权的行为(现在大多数人同意意见)。W. a . Parents等人对隐私的定义和Louis D . Brandeis关于隐私的政治和法律理想的讨论。方法:对先前的研究和现有文献进行了研究。研究发现:隐私是一个公认的人权问题,但当隐私背后的价值和目标不同时,它就构成了一个真正的问题。执法机构和政府为打击恐怖主义而无限制地进行监控和收集数据,这些当代问题尤其令人担忧,因为它们侵犯了人权。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Export Sophistication on Trade Diversification: The Mediating Role of Participation in Global Value Chains 出口复杂程度对贸易多样化的影响:参与全球价值链的中介作用
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.26710/jbsee.v8i2.2363
Shamrez Ali, Qaiser Munir
Purpose: The purpose of this study is two-fold: First to investigate the impact of export sophistication and participation in global value chains (GVCs) on trade diversification, and:  Second, to examine the nonlinear relationship between export sophistication and trade diversification under the influence of GVCs. Design/Methodology/Approach: For this, the current study constructed a panel of 105 economies covering the period 2011-2018. For empirical analysis, this study applies the static panel threshold test proposed by Hansen (1999). Findings: According to the results of this study, export sophistication and participation in global value chains have a positive association with trade diversification. In addition, this study finds two thresholds of GVCs that divide the impact of export sophistication on trade diversification into three regimes. Therefore, the relationship between export sophistication and trade diversification is nonlinear. Implications/Originality/Value: Therefore, this study suggests countries to produce sophisticated products and increase their participation in global value chains. 
目的:本研究的目的有两个:一是研究出口成熟度和参与全球价值链对贸易多样化的影响;二是研究全球价值链影响下出口成熟度和贸易多样化之间的非线性关系。设计/方法/方法:为此,本研究构建了一个涵盖2011-2018年期间105个经济体的小组。在实证分析方面,本研究采用Hansen(1999)提出的静态面板阈值检验。研究发现:出口成熟度和参与全球价值链与贸易多元化呈正相关。此外,本文还发现了全球价值链的两个阈值,将出口复杂性对贸易多样化的影响划分为三种机制。因此,出口复杂性与贸易多样化之间的关系是非线性的。影响/原创性/价值:因此,本研究建议各国生产先进的产品,并增加对全球价值链的参与。
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引用次数: 2
Impact of E-retailing Ethics on Consumer Repurchase Intention 电子零售伦理对消费者再购买意愿的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.26710/jbsee.v8i1.2194
Saqib Ghias, Kazi Afaq Ahmed, Azam Khan
Purpose: Online retailing has grown tremendously over the last decade, particularly in the COVID 19 period but little attention has been given to ethical problems arising from it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of e-retailing ethics on consumer repurchase intention aiming to highlight the significance of ethical consideration in e-retailing business..   Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a quantitative study and the sample size is 212 participants. Male participants were 129 and  Female participants were  83. Respondents mainly included consumers with varying frequencies of online purchasing. The conceptual framework comprised of reliability, non-deception, security, trust and e-service quality as independent variables moderated by shopping habits. The dependent variable was repurchase intention. PlS-SEM was used to analyze the data. The participants mostly were residents of Karachi. Findings: The repurchase intention of consumers is directly impacted by three independent variables of e-retailing ethics out of five tested in the study i.e. E-service quality, reliability and non-deception while remaining variables trust and security proved insignificant. The study results further revealed that reliability, non-deception, and e-service quality are also positively moderated by shoping habits while security and trust proved insignificant. Implications/Originality/Value: The findings can be used by online retailing outlets to design marketing strategies for successfully running their store.
目的:在线零售在过去十年中发展迅速,特别是在COVID - 19期间,但很少有人关注由此产生的道德问题。本研究的目的是调查电子零售伦理对消费者再购买意愿的影响,旨在强调伦理考虑在电子零售业务中的重要性。设计/方法/方法:这是一项定量研究,样本量为212名参与者。男性参与者为129人,女性参与者为83人。受访者主要包括不同网购频率的消费者。概念框架包括可靠性、非欺骗性、安全性、信任和电子服务质量作为受购物习惯调节的自变量。因变量为回购意愿。利用PlS-SEM对数据进行分析。参与者大多是卡拉奇的居民。研究发现:消费者的再购买意愿直接受到电子零售伦理五个自变量中的三个变量的影响,即电子服务质量、可靠性和非欺骗,而其余变量信任和安全被证明是不显著的。研究结果进一步表明,可靠性、非欺骗性和电子服务质量也受到购物习惯的积极调节,而安全性和信任被证明不显著。启示/原创性/价值:这些发现可以被在线零售商店用来设计成功经营他们的商店的营销策略。
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引用次数: 2
Social Identity Issues in Children with Hearing Impairment during Transition from Secondary to Higher Secondary Level in Punjab 旁遮普省中等到高中阶段听力障碍儿童的社会认同问题
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.26710/jbsee.v8i2.2479
M. U. Baig, M. Shoaib, Ghulam Fatima
Objective: Hearing Impaired students studying in the institutes of the special education Department Punjab at secondary to higher secondary level face problems regarding making choices of which field to choose or which area of work would be suitable to them. Among many issues which hinder students in making these decisions, social identity issues are the prime factor. The problem under research here relates to the sub-theories of social identity theory, namely, social influence, group norms, self enhancement, uncertainty reduction and motivation. Methodology: Population of the study was children with hearing impairment at higher secondary level in special education institutes. Sample of 100 hearing impaired students was taken randomly from the Govt Special Education Institutes of Punjab of which 59 were male and 41 were females. Findings: Social identity in terms of linguistic differences of the bilingual deaf culture arising in the institutes of Punjab is important and ignored factor. Implications: Study is useful for teachers and parents to resolve the linguistic problems in students with hearing impairment. Moreover, other organizations can formulate a strategy to address issues related to career counseling and government can work on standardization and recognition of Sign language in Pakistan as a unique and independent language.
目的:旁遮普省特殊教育厅中学至高中阶段的听障学生面临着选择哪个专业或哪个工作领域适合他们的问题。在许多阻碍学生做出这些决定的问题中,社会身份问题是主要因素。本文研究的问题涉及社会认同理论的子理论,即社会影响、群体规范、自我提升、不确定性减少和动机。方法:研究对象为在特殊教育机构接受高等中等教育的听力障碍儿童。从旁遮普省政府特殊教育机构随机抽取100名听障学生,其中男59名,女41名。研究发现:旁遮普学院双语聋人文化的语言差异方面的社会认同是一个重要而又被忽视的因素。意义:本研究有助于教师和家长解决听障学生的语言问题。此外,其他组织可以制定战略来解决与职业咨询相关的问题,政府可以在巴基斯坦标准化和承认手语作为一种独特和独立的语言。
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship between Psychological Distress, Sociodemographic Variables, and Mental Health for Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19大流行期间青少年心理困扰、社会人口学变量与心理健康的关系
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.26710/jbsee.v8i2.2245
T. Fatima, Ivan Suneel, Abia Nazim, S. Majeed
Purpose: The current study examined the impact of demographic correlates such as socio-economic status, family structure, resources, pre-existing physical and mental health conditions, and the home environment on the psychological distress reported by adolescents during a lockdown period. Design/Methodology/Approach: It was a correlational study that followed the cross-sectional research design. Through purposive and convenient sampling adolescents were approached and 158 participants aged 18-27 years (M = 18.89, SD = 1.83) completed an online survey. The survey consisted of a demographic information sheet, medical history form, and DASS 21. Findings: Results indicated that psychological distress, anxiety, and depression were significantly positively correlated with socioeconomic status. There was a negative correlation between distress and the availability of house help. The data show a strong positive relationship between distress and having a pre-existing medical condition and even stronger correlations when family members have such conditions. Implications/Originality/Value: This data is relevant for teachers and administrators who are actively involved with these young adults at a personal or systemic level, as well as for college counselling centres to create supportive spaces for mental health care during the pandemic.
目的:目前的研究调查了人口相关因素,如社会经济地位、家庭结构、资源、先前存在的身心健康状况以及家庭环境对禁闭期间青少年报告的心理困扰的影响。设计/方法/方法:这是一项遵循横断面研究设计的相关研究。通过有目的、方便的抽样方法,对158名18-27岁的青少年(M = 18.89, SD = 1.83)进行了在线调查。调查包括人口统计信息表、病史表和DASS 21。结果:心理困扰、焦虑、抑郁与社会经济地位显著正相关。苦恼与能否得到家务帮助呈负相关。数据显示,痛苦与已有疾病之间存在强烈的正相关关系,而当家庭成员有此类疾病时,相关性甚至更强。影响/独创性/价值:这些数据对于在个人或系统层面积极参与这些年轻人的教师和管理人员以及大学咨询中心在大流行期间为精神卫生保健创造支持性空间具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of High Commitment HRM Practices on the Non-Academic Staff Performance: Mediating Role of Affective Commitment and Job Satisfaction 高承诺人力资源管理实践对非学术型员工绩效的影响:情感承诺和工作满意度的中介作用
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.26710/jbsee.v8i2.2312
Muhammad Ahtisham Ul haq, K. Mehmood, Zia-ur-Rehman Rao, A. Abbas
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the relationship between non-academic staff and student support services by developing a conceptual model of the mediation impact of affective commitment and job satisfaction on the relationship between high commitment HRM practices and non-academic staff performance. Design/Methodology/Approach:      For this study, primary data has been collected from survey methods of 250 respondents from non-academic staff and students of HEIs in public and private sectors. In order to examine the mediating mechanism of variables, 8 hypotheses were constructed based on the conceptual model and literature study and tested using the SPSS 25 and Smart PLS using the bootstrapping approach. Findings: The study's findings demonstrate that high-commitment HRM practices have a statistically significant influence on non-academic staff perceptions of behavioral outcomes such as affective commitment and satisfaction. Likewise, the extracted results show a statistically positive association between non-academic performance and student support services. Implication/Originality/Value: HEIs carry out HCHRPs, they will be able to replicate the level of organizational commitment and job satisfaction of their administrative staff which lead to student support services.
目的:本研究的目的是通过建立情感承诺和工作满意度对高承诺人力资源管理实践与非学术人员绩效之间关系的中介影响的概念模型,来审视非学术人员与学生支持服务之间的关系。设计/方法/方法:是项研究的主要数据收集自250名受访者,他们分别是公私营高等教育院校的非教职员和学生。为了检验变量的中介机制,本文在概念模型和文献研究的基础上构建了8个假设,并使用SPSS 25和Smart PLS进行了自举检验。研究结果:研究结果表明,高承诺人力资源管理实践对非学术员工对行为结果(如情感承诺和满意度)的感知有统计学上显著的影响。同样,提取的结果显示非学业成绩和学生支持服务之间的统计正相关。含义/独创性/价值:高等教育机构实施hchrp,将能够复制其行政人员的组织承诺和工作满意度水平,从而提供学生支持服务。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges Limiting the Role of Deaf Parents in Academics of their Children with Normal Hearing 限制聋人父母在正常听力儿童学习中的作用的挑战
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.26710/jbsee.v8i2.2430
Asmara Kanwal, Faiza Jaleel, RuKhsana Bashir, Komal Shahzadi
Purpose: The goal of this research was to investigate the difficulties that deaf parents have when it comes to the academic performance of their hearing children. Methodology: Case studies based on qualitative paradigms were used for this study. Participants in the research were parents who were deaf themselves but whose children had normal hearing. The sample comprises of 14 deaf couples from two divisions of Punjab—Lahore and Gujranwala. The data collection method consisted of a self-developed interview schedule with open-ended questions. Thematic analysis, a qualitative method, was used to analyze the data. Findings: Deaf parents have to deal with a number of obstacles, the most significant of which are communication barriers, attitudes they confront, and misunderstandings held by the community as a whole, all of which limit their capacity to participate in their children's academic lives who have normal hearing. Implications: It was suggested to the various stakeholders that they should be required to play their respective contributing roles in the process of reducing the constraints that restrict the engagement of parents in the academics of their children on a consistent basis, beginning with the most fundamental level.                                                                                                         
目的:本研究的目的是调查聋人父母在他们的听力正常的孩子的学习成绩方面所遇到的困难。方法:本研究采用基于定性范式的个案研究。研究的参与者都是自己耳聋但孩子听力正常的父母。样本包括旁遮普邦拉合尔和古吉兰瓦拉两个地区的14对聋哑夫妇。数据收集方法包括自行制定的带有开放式问题的访谈时间表。采用定性的专题分析方法对数据进行分析。研究发现:聋人父母必须面对许多障碍,其中最重要的是沟通障碍、他们所面对的态度以及整个社会所持有的误解,所有这些都限制了他们参与正常听力儿童学习生活的能力。影响:有人向各利益攸关方建议,应该要求他们在减少限制父母参与子女学业的制约因素的过程中发挥各自的贡献作用,从最基本的层面开始。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies
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