Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.1177/23197145231162257
Shaply Abdul Kareem, P. Venugopal
The prominence of social media influencers (SMI) has dramatically shifted in recent years. SMI enables brands to connect with users through unique and original content, thereby expanding their reach. In response, this study examined the effects of SMI traits on purchase intention by incorporating variables, such as attitude towards brand credibility as a mediator and brand familiarity as a moderator. Specifically, researchers examined the moderated mediation role of brand familiarity on purchase intention. The conceptual model is based on source credibility and the theory of reasoned action. PLS-SEM and Process Macro analyzed the data of 454 Instagram users. Research shows that SMI trustworthiness, expertise and attitude towards brand credibility improve purchase intention. Attitudes toward brand credibility mediate attractiveness, expertise and purchase intention. Brand familiarity moderates the relationship between attitudes towards brand credibility and intention. The moderated mediation effect of brand familiarity improves the relationship between trustworthiness, expertise and purchase intention. This study contributes to the literature on influencer marketing. Furthermore, managers and practitioners can strategically benefit from this research.
{"title":"Social Media Influencers’ Traits and Purchase Intention: A Moderated Mediation Effect of Attitude Towards Brand Credibility and Brand Familiarity","authors":"Shaply Abdul Kareem, P. Venugopal","doi":"10.1177/23197145231162257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145231162257","url":null,"abstract":"The prominence of social media influencers (SMI) has dramatically shifted in recent years. SMI enables brands to connect with users through unique and original content, thereby expanding their reach. In response, this study examined the effects of SMI traits on purchase intention by incorporating variables, such as attitude towards brand credibility as a mediator and brand familiarity as a moderator. Specifically, researchers examined the moderated mediation role of brand familiarity on purchase intention. The conceptual model is based on source credibility and the theory of reasoned action. PLS-SEM and Process Macro analyzed the data of 454 Instagram users. Research shows that SMI trustworthiness, expertise and attitude towards brand credibility improve purchase intention. Attitudes toward brand credibility mediate attractiveness, expertise and purchase intention. Brand familiarity moderates the relationship between attitudes towards brand credibility and intention. The moderated mediation effect of brand familiarity improves the relationship between trustworthiness, expertise and purchase intention. This study contributes to the literature on influencer marketing. Furthermore, managers and practitioners can strategically benefit from this research.","PeriodicalId":53215,"journal":{"name":"FIIB Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48542453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1177/23197145231164816
Shashi Kapoor, Amanpreet Singh
This article examines the origins, growth, and development of taxation practices in India. Based on multiple perspectives from historical research, the article divides up developments in the Indian tax system into four different governance regimes. These are the pre-colonial period (Ancient and Medieval), the colonial period (1857–1947), India as a Sovereign State under the 1950 Constitution (1950–1991) and post-economic liberalisation (1991–2020). In each of these periods, several major taxation developments that occurred in the country are reviewed, and the article highlights how different political and governance systems influenced the changes in the Indian tax system. Based on such changes and influence, the study also proposes agenda for future research. The article makes significant contributions to economic and business history research from a developing economy perspective and provides insights for any future developments in relation to tax systems.
{"title":"Development of Indian Tax System: Pre and Post-Colonial Influences","authors":"Shashi Kapoor, Amanpreet Singh","doi":"10.1177/23197145231164816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145231164816","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the origins, growth, and development of taxation practices in India. Based on multiple perspectives from historical research, the article divides up developments in the Indian tax system into four different governance regimes. These are the pre-colonial period (Ancient and Medieval), the colonial period (1857–1947), India as a Sovereign State under the 1950 Constitution (1950–1991) and post-economic liberalisation (1991–2020). In each of these periods, several major taxation developments that occurred in the country are reviewed, and the article highlights how different political and governance systems influenced the changes in the Indian tax system. Based on such changes and influence, the study also proposes agenda for future research. The article makes significant contributions to economic and business history research from a developing economy perspective and provides insights for any future developments in relation to tax systems.","PeriodicalId":53215,"journal":{"name":"FIIB Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47975583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1177/23197145231162920
A. Ganguly, C. Kumar, Lincoln C. Wood
Section 135 of the Indian Companies Act of 2014 legally mandated large corporates to implement and report on social development work as corporate social responsibility (CSR). The regulatory changes made CSR an integral part of Indian organizations’ business plans and an important metric to assess an organization’s goodwill. However, several barriers have been observed to act as a roadblock to successfully implementing CSR in Indian service organizations. The current study identified and prioritized a set of significant barriers to the implementation of CSR. The study used the MCDM of Fuzzy DEMATEL to prioritize the identified barriers. The findings of the study suggest that ‘lack of financial resources’, ‘support from the top management’ and ‘lack of skills and knowledge’ were the most significant barriers for the Indian services organizations. The study is expected to contribute to the literature on CSR by providing a list of barriers to implementation and their relative influence when regulatory compulsion leads to CSR. For CSR managers, it aids in the decision-making process by understanding and addressing the barriers, easing the process of successfully implementing CSR in Indian service organizations.
{"title":"Evaluating Barriers to CSR in Indian Service Organizations: A Fuzzy Dematel Based Approach","authors":"A. Ganguly, C. Kumar, Lincoln C. Wood","doi":"10.1177/23197145231162920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145231162920","url":null,"abstract":"Section 135 of the Indian Companies Act of 2014 legally mandated large corporates to implement and report on social development work as corporate social responsibility (CSR). The regulatory changes made CSR an integral part of Indian organizations’ business plans and an important metric to assess an organization’s goodwill. However, several barriers have been observed to act as a roadblock to successfully implementing CSR in Indian service organizations. The current study identified and prioritized a set of significant barriers to the implementation of CSR. The study used the MCDM of Fuzzy DEMATEL to prioritize the identified barriers. The findings of the study suggest that ‘lack of financial resources’, ‘support from the top management’ and ‘lack of skills and knowledge’ were the most significant barriers for the Indian services organizations. The study is expected to contribute to the literature on CSR by providing a list of barriers to implementation and their relative influence when regulatory compulsion leads to CSR. For CSR managers, it aids in the decision-making process by understanding and addressing the barriers, easing the process of successfully implementing CSR in Indian service organizations.","PeriodicalId":53215,"journal":{"name":"FIIB Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45418069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1177/23197145221151010
A. Manzoor
This study empirically examines the antecedents to users’ intention to follow brands on the two most popular social media platforms, that is, Facebook and Instagram. Using the existing body of knowledge, a conceptual model was developed. Users appear to follow brands on Facebook and Instagram for different gratifications. The findings show that consumers who utilize social media platforms to follow brands perceive their usage as convenient and fruitful. Second, social circle pressure has a great impact on users in social media engagement with brands. Lastly, advertisers should design social media campaigns that provide value to consumers.
{"title":"Antecedents to Following Brands on Facebook and Instagram with Moderating Role of User Experience","authors":"A. Manzoor","doi":"10.1177/23197145221151010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145221151010","url":null,"abstract":"This study empirically examines the antecedents to users’ intention to follow brands on the two most popular social media platforms, that is, Facebook and Instagram. Using the existing body of knowledge, a conceptual model was developed. Users appear to follow brands on Facebook and Instagram for different gratifications. The findings show that consumers who utilize social media platforms to follow brands perceive their usage as convenient and fruitful. Second, social circle pressure has a great impact on users in social media engagement with brands. Lastly, advertisers should design social media campaigns that provide value to consumers.","PeriodicalId":53215,"journal":{"name":"FIIB Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48144508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corporate transparency is a critical requirement for effective governance. Through a thorough financial regulation, it has the potential to influence investors’ investment decisions in a company. The global financial crisis, in the past, has prompted a high level of openness worldwide since it frequently implies the quality of information disclosure. To make investment decisions, investors rely on the information provided by the firms. Hence it is crucial to have an encyclopaedic understanding of corporate disclosures. This research employs bibliometric analysis from a multi-industry approach to systematically synthesize and improve corporate transparency and disclosures. For 23 years, 410 journal articles were collected from the Scopus database between 1998 and 2021. This article highlights the publication trend and identifies the most influential work, authors, countries and journals. Finally, the Author, Journal and keyword co-occurrence have expressed the article’s research themes through thematic progression. Lastly, the article highlights the gaps in the literature and makes recommendations for further research.
{"title":"A Bibliometric Study on Corporate Transparency and Disclosures","authors":"Venkata Mrudula Bhimavarapu, Shailesh Rastogi, Preeti Mulay","doi":"10.1177/23197145231151790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145231151790","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate transparency is a critical requirement for effective governance. Through a thorough financial regulation, it has the potential to influence investors’ investment decisions in a company. The global financial crisis, in the past, has prompted a high level of openness worldwide since it frequently implies the quality of information disclosure. To make investment decisions, investors rely on the information provided by the firms. Hence it is crucial to have an encyclopaedic understanding of corporate disclosures. This research employs bibliometric analysis from a multi-industry approach to systematically synthesize and improve corporate transparency and disclosures. For 23 years, 410 journal articles were collected from the Scopus database between 1998 and 2021. This article highlights the publication trend and identifies the most influential work, authors, countries and journals. Finally, the Author, Journal and keyword co-occurrence have expressed the article’s research themes through thematic progression. Lastly, the article highlights the gaps in the literature and makes recommendations for further research.","PeriodicalId":53215,"journal":{"name":"FIIB Business Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"138 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48048553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1177/23197145221145761
I. Ismail
This study’s primary objective is to investigate how customer loyalty can mediate the relationship between service recovery strategies and customer switching intentions. The logic behind it is that, in today’s uncertain business environments, measuring organizational success by emphasizing customer satisfaction alone is insufficient for creating customer resilience to switching intentions. This is because satisfied customers can switch to other brands, while dissatisfied customers can repurchase. This calls for other studies to look into other factors that can be considered for successfully managing customers. Given that service failure is inevitable, it is important to look at how service recovery strategies can be used to influence resilience to switching intentions through developing customer loyalty. The study adopted a cross-sectional design in which 502 customers from commercial banks were involved, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data. The SEM results show that all dimensions of service recovery, including procedural justice, distributive justice and interactional justice, are significant determinants of customer loyalty. As well, customer loyalty was a significant predictor of switching intentions. Furthermore, customer loyalty is a significant mediator of the relationship between service recovery strategy and the resilience to switching intention among customers. Finally, this study has managerial and theoretical implications for the body of literature.
{"title":"The Influence of Service Recovery Strategies on Resilience to Switching Intentions Among Customers of Commercial Banks in Tanzania: The Mediating Effect of Customer Loyalty","authors":"I. Ismail","doi":"10.1177/23197145221145761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145221145761","url":null,"abstract":"This study’s primary objective is to investigate how customer loyalty can mediate the relationship between service recovery strategies and customer switching intentions. The logic behind it is that, in today’s uncertain business environments, measuring organizational success by emphasizing customer satisfaction alone is insufficient for creating customer resilience to switching intentions. This is because satisfied customers can switch to other brands, while dissatisfied customers can repurchase. This calls for other studies to look into other factors that can be considered for successfully managing customers. Given that service failure is inevitable, it is important to look at how service recovery strategies can be used to influence resilience to switching intentions through developing customer loyalty. The study adopted a cross-sectional design in which 502 customers from commercial banks were involved, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data. The SEM results show that all dimensions of service recovery, including procedural justice, distributive justice and interactional justice, are significant determinants of customer loyalty. As well, customer loyalty was a significant predictor of switching intentions. Furthermore, customer loyalty is a significant mediator of the relationship between service recovery strategy and the resilience to switching intention among customers. Finally, this study has managerial and theoretical implications for the body of literature.","PeriodicalId":53215,"journal":{"name":"FIIB Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48251045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1177/23197145231153923
Mohd Merajuddin Inamdar, Latha Chari
Stock price manipulation can be defined as trading behaviour that distorts stock prices with the intent of personal gains. Securities market regulators around the world undertake market surveillance to prevent market manipulation protect investors and ensure market integrity. The Securities Exchange Board of India along with stock exchanges has implemented a novel additional surveillance measure (ASM) which tracks stocks on a daily basis for abnormal price and volume activity accompanied by the participation of market-dominating investors in trading activity. Stocks that breach predefined limits of the above parameters are categorized as ASM category and subject to overall additional margins and selective additional margins for the dominating investor. There are mainly two types of ASM, Long term additional surveillance measures (LTASM) and short-term additional surveillance measures (STASM). STASM consider a shorter duration time (5/15 days) for share price observation LTASM considers a longer duration (1 month/1 year) for screening of the stock for surveillance measures as per ASM criteria. This study is based on STASM. The mechanism, on the one hand, is expected to deter manipulators and on the other, warn investors about suspicious activity in the stock, which is not supported by fundamentals. This article analyses the impact of surveillance actions on a price return and liquidity. The article also looks at the degree of speculative activity surrounding the event. This study used regression analysis for impact assessment. The study results show that the prices of the stock stabilize after inclusion and there is an overall fall in liquidity post-inclusion. However, the liquidity impact is different for stocks with positive abnormal returns as compared to those with negative abnormal returns. The result of the study gives insight into the effectiveness of STASM which will be useful for regulators and investors to prevent market manipulations.
{"title":"Liquidity Impact of Novel Market Surveillance Measures—An Evidence from India","authors":"Mohd Merajuddin Inamdar, Latha Chari","doi":"10.1177/23197145231153923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145231153923","url":null,"abstract":"Stock price manipulation can be defined as trading behaviour that distorts stock prices with the intent of personal gains. Securities market regulators around the world undertake market surveillance to prevent market manipulation protect investors and ensure market integrity. The Securities Exchange Board of India along with stock exchanges has implemented a novel additional surveillance measure (ASM) which tracks stocks on a daily basis for abnormal price and volume activity accompanied by the participation of market-dominating investors in trading activity. Stocks that breach predefined limits of the above parameters are categorized as ASM category and subject to overall additional margins and selective additional margins for the dominating investor. There are mainly two types of ASM, Long term additional surveillance measures (LTASM) and short-term additional surveillance measures (STASM). STASM consider a shorter duration time (5/15 days) for share price observation LTASM considers a longer duration (1 month/1 year) for screening of the stock for surveillance measures as per ASM criteria. This study is based on STASM. The mechanism, on the one hand, is expected to deter manipulators and on the other, warn investors about suspicious activity in the stock, which is not supported by fundamentals. This article analyses the impact of surveillance actions on a price return and liquidity. The article also looks at the degree of speculative activity surrounding the event. This study used regression analysis for impact assessment. The study results show that the prices of the stock stabilize after inclusion and there is an overall fall in liquidity post-inclusion. However, the liquidity impact is different for stocks with positive abnormal returns as compared to those with negative abnormal returns. The result of the study gives insight into the effectiveness of STASM which will be useful for regulators and investors to prevent market manipulations.","PeriodicalId":53215,"journal":{"name":"FIIB Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42673351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-12DOI: 10.1177/23197145221150956
Harpreet Kaur
Research on financial contagion has witnessed an exponential growth over the last two decades due to increase of interdependence among financial markets of various countries. In the present study, bibliometric analysis has been employed to summarize the present status and to identify significant gaps in the prevalent literature on financial contagion. The Scopus database has been used to retrieve information pertaining to 456 research papers on financial contagion via keyword searching approach over the period of more than two decades ranging from 1997 to 2021. Performance analysis techniques have provided valuable insights into the most influential authors, countries, organizations and journals that play active role in enriching the literature on the selected theme. Scientific mapping technique, namely bibliographic coupling has also been used to establish the linkage among those published papers that cite the same document. As a result, a thorough examination of the financial contagion documents not only examines current research characteristics and trends but also assists the researchers in determining the best research entrance point and in conducting in-depth research.
{"title":"Insights Into Financial Contagion: A Bibliometric Study","authors":"Harpreet Kaur","doi":"10.1177/23197145221150956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145221150956","url":null,"abstract":"Research on financial contagion has witnessed an exponential growth over the last two decades due to increase of interdependence among financial markets of various countries. In the present study, bibliometric analysis has been employed to summarize the present status and to identify significant gaps in the prevalent literature on financial contagion. The Scopus database has been used to retrieve information pertaining to 456 research papers on financial contagion via keyword searching approach over the period of more than two decades ranging from 1997 to 2021. Performance analysis techniques have provided valuable insights into the most influential authors, countries, organizations and journals that play active role in enriching the literature on the selected theme. Scientific mapping technique, namely bibliographic coupling has also been used to establish the linkage among those published papers that cite the same document. As a result, a thorough examination of the financial contagion documents not only examines current research characteristics and trends but also assists the researchers in determining the best research entrance point and in conducting in-depth research.","PeriodicalId":53215,"journal":{"name":"FIIB Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42815315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/23197145231161408
S. Rana
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is quite usual in our life by now and increasing day by day (Latinovic, & Chatterjee, 2022). No doubt it has offered a large number of benefits but has also made a significant progress on raising more questions to be solved (Gevaert et al., 2021). But, to answer the related questions and move further in the right direction, it is important to understand some basic aspects related to AI and GPT. I am pleased to simplify the inference for those who would like to understand this area for further usage. One of the abilities of AI is natural language processing (NLP) and it has many use cases in management. It is a subfield of AI that deals with the interaction between computers and human language. It involves using computational techniques to enable computers to understand, analyse and generate human language. NLP is used in a wide range of applications such as sentiment analysis in investment, chatbots in customer relationship management, decision support system in retail and operations, legal, architecture, transportation and many more (Chowdhary, 2020). It involves various techniques such as statistical modelling, machine learning, and deep learning to build algorithms that can process, analyse, and generate natural language. Large language models (LLMs) are a type of NLP technology that has been gaining a lot of attention in recent years. LLMs are AI models that have been trained on massive amounts of text data, enabling them to generate human-like language and perform a wide range of language processing tasks (Schwenk, 2007). LLMs are usually trained on massive datasets, and learn patterns and structures of language without being explicitly programmed. This training process allows LLMs to generate coherent and contextually appropriate text in response to prompts. Some examples of LLM are ChatGPT by Open AI and Bard by Google. After the hype cycle of metaverse, recently, ChatGPT has captured attention in multiple forums, townhalls and debate groups. I see this as a progression from non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which is an extension of blockchain. The reason of ChatGPT hype may be that it is a tool from Open AI which is being offered in freemium model. However, my finance colleagues may relate it to the stock market prices recently experienced by Goggle and Microsoft. From a user’s perspective, you can access it using web application. As the name suggest ChatGPT is a Generalized Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), and it is pre-trained on the existing data set. The tool is trained on a dataset which is at least two years old. Hence, latency is one of the shortcoming of the GPTs. Second, a GPT is as good as the data it is trained upon (Shen et al., 2023). We should be cautious at the time of using GPT and even ChatGPT also suggests doing so. There have been LLM tools in use since last fifteen years but the adoption of ChatGPT has been phenomenal. May be it can be interesting for my marketing area colleagues to thin
人工智能（AI）的使用现在在我们的生活中很常见，而且与日俱增（Latinovic，&Chatterjee，2022）。毫无疑问，它提供了大量好处，但在提出更多有待解决的问题方面也取得了重大进展（Gevaert等人，2021）。但是，为了回答相关问题并朝着正确的方向前进，了解与人工智能和GPT相关的一些基本方面是很重要的。我很高兴为那些想了解这一领域以供进一步使用的人简化推理。人工智能的能力之一是自然语言处理（NLP），它在管理中有许多用例。它是人工智能的一个子领域，处理计算机和人类语言之间的交互。它涉及使用计算技术使计算机能够理解、分析和生成人类语言。NLP用于广泛的应用，如投资中的情绪分析、客户关系管理中的聊天机器人、零售和运营中的决策支持系统、法律、架构、交通等（Chowdhary，2020）。它涉及各种技术，如统计建模、机器学习和深度学习，以构建能够处理、分析和生成自然语言的算法。大型语言模型（LLM）是近年来备受关注的一种NLP技术。LLM是在大量文本数据上训练的人工智能模型，使其能够生成类人语言并执行广泛的语言处理任务（Schwenk，2007）。LLM通常在大量数据集上进行训练，并在没有明确编程的情况下学习语言的模式和结构。这种培训过程使LLM能够根据提示生成连贯且符合上下文的文本。LLM的一些例子是Open AI的ChatGPT和谷歌的Bard。在元宇宙的炒作周期之后，最近，ChatGPT在多个论坛、市政厅和辩论团体中引起了关注。我认为这是不可替代代币（NFT）的进步，NFT是区块链的延伸。ChatGPT大肆宣传的原因可能是它是开放人工智能的一个工具，以免费增值模式提供。然而，我的财务同事可能会将其与Goggle和微软最近经历的股票市场价格联系起来。从用户的角度来看，您可以使用web应用程序访问它。顾名思义，ChatGPT是一个通用的预训练转换器（GPT），它是在现有数据集上预训练的。该工具是在一个至少有两年历史的数据集上训练的。因此，延迟是GPT的缺点之一。其次，GPT和它所训练的数据一样好（Shen et al.，2023）。我们在使用GPT时应该谨慎，甚至ChatGPT也建议这样做。自过去15年以来，LLM工具一直在使用，但ChatGPT的采用是惊人的。也许对我的营销领域同事来说，思考用户是如何开始比较或组合云、移动和互联网系统的可能会很有趣。ChatGPT有可能扰乱许多行业，如服务业、医疗保健、金融、教育和信息技术。使用基于聊天机器人的自动化现在已经不是一个遥远的梦想了。更多关于ChatGPT在信息搜索领域发动了一场新的战争。
{"title":"AI and GPT for Management Scholars and Practitioners: Guidelines and Implications","authors":"S. Rana","doi":"10.1177/23197145231161408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145231161408","url":null,"abstract":"The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is quite usual in our life by now and increasing day by day (Latinovic, & Chatterjee, 2022). No doubt it has offered a large number of benefits but has also made a significant progress on raising more questions to be solved (Gevaert et al., 2021). But, to answer the related questions and move further in the right direction, it is important to understand some basic aspects related to AI and GPT. I am pleased to simplify the inference for those who would like to understand this area for further usage. One of the abilities of AI is natural language processing (NLP) and it has many use cases in management. It is a subfield of AI that deals with the interaction between computers and human language. It involves using computational techniques to enable computers to understand, analyse and generate human language. NLP is used in a wide range of applications such as sentiment analysis in investment, chatbots in customer relationship management, decision support system in retail and operations, legal, architecture, transportation and many more (Chowdhary, 2020). It involves various techniques such as statistical modelling, machine learning, and deep learning to build algorithms that can process, analyse, and generate natural language. Large language models (LLMs) are a type of NLP technology that has been gaining a lot of attention in recent years. LLMs are AI models that have been trained on massive amounts of text data, enabling them to generate human-like language and perform a wide range of language processing tasks (Schwenk, 2007). LLMs are usually trained on massive datasets, and learn patterns and structures of language without being explicitly programmed. This training process allows LLMs to generate coherent and contextually appropriate text in response to prompts. Some examples of LLM are ChatGPT by Open AI and Bard by Google. After the hype cycle of metaverse, recently, ChatGPT has captured attention in multiple forums, townhalls and debate groups. I see this as a progression from non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which is an extension of blockchain. The reason of ChatGPT hype may be that it is a tool from Open AI which is being offered in freemium model. However, my finance colleagues may relate it to the stock market prices recently experienced by Goggle and Microsoft. From a user’s perspective, you can access it using web application. As the name suggest ChatGPT is a Generalized Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), and it is pre-trained on the existing data set. The tool is trained on a dataset which is at least two years old. Hence, latency is one of the shortcoming of the GPTs. Second, a GPT is as good as the data it is trained upon (Shen et al., 2023). We should be cautious at the time of using GPT and even ChatGPT also suggests doing so. There have been LLM tools in use since last fifteen years but the adoption of ChatGPT has been phenomenal. May be it can be interesting for my marketing area colleagues to thin","PeriodicalId":53215,"journal":{"name":"FIIB Business Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"7 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43889944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.1177/23197145231151737
J. Kumar, Sweta Dixit, Aayushee Gupta, M. Dharwal
PeeBuddy, the first portable urination device for Indian women, has been around for close to seven years; still, it is struggling to break the taboo of serving as a portable urination device for Indian women treated as a taboo product in India. It has been hard to convince the Indian populous at large. Although Bajaj had done tremendous work over the years, much remained to be done. The critical task is to position PeeBuddy, such that Indian women should understand the purpose of the product, a brand, without hurting their sentiments. Bajaj knows that convincing Indian women and shifting them to any urination device required a shift in their mindset, which was hard to achieve.
{"title":"Positioning the Taboo Product: PeeBuddy","authors":"J. Kumar, Sweta Dixit, Aayushee Gupta, M. Dharwal","doi":"10.1177/23197145231151737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145231151737","url":null,"abstract":"PeeBuddy, the first portable urination device for Indian women, has been around for close to seven years; still, it is struggling to break the taboo of serving as a portable urination device for Indian women treated as a taboo product in India. It has been hard to convince the Indian populous at large. Although Bajaj had done tremendous work over the years, much remained to be done. The critical task is to position PeeBuddy, such that Indian women should understand the purpose of the product, a brand, without hurting their sentiments. Bajaj knows that convincing Indian women and shifting them to any urination device required a shift in their mindset, which was hard to achieve.","PeriodicalId":53215,"journal":{"name":"FIIB Business Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48795701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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