Climate Risk Management最新文献

英文中文

Evaluating institutional climate finance barriers in selected SADC countries 评估选定南部非洲发展共同体国家的制度性气候融资障碍

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100694

Kamleshan Pillay , Shanice Mohanlal , Blaise Dobson , Bhim Adhikari

Access to climate finance continues to inhibit the transition of southern African economies to a low-carbon, climate-resilient future. This is compounded by the region’s exposure to climate risks alongside several other factors, such as increasing population growth, high levels of inequality and unemployment, and limited fiscal resources. There remains only a high level of understanding of climate finance barriers across the region. The research provides an in-depth understanding of the institutional barriers that limit climate finance actors in selected southern African countries from mobilising greater climate finance flows and the drivers responsible for these barriers. At an operational level, institutions face significant challenges in developing vital track records that meet the necessary fiduciary requirements of climate finance sources. This challenge is exacerbated by the bureaucracy related to project approvals, stakeholder coordination (both internal and external) and institutional capacity and awareness. One of the primary barriers to the mobilisation of and access to climate finance for mitigation and adaptation in the region is the lack of clear policies and regulatory and legal frameworks or, where policies do exist, a lack of policy enforcement. The barriers presented in this research can be addressed by robust and decisive action by climate finance actors and the presence of an enabling environment that prioritises climate action. However, climate finance mobilisation will likely continue to lag if political will across the region on climate change is not increased in the short term.

获得气候融资继续阻碍南部非洲经济体向低碳、气候适应型未来的转型。此外，该地区还面临气候风险，以及人口增长、不平等和失业率居高不下以及财政资源有限等其他因素。整个地区对气候融资障碍的了解仍然很有限。该研究深入了解了某些南部非洲国家限制气候融资行为体调动更多气候资金流动的制度障碍，以及造成这些障碍的驱动因素。在运营层面，各机构在制定重要的跟踪记录以满足气候资金来源的必要信托要求方面面临重大挑战。与项目批准、利益相关者协调（包括内部和外部）以及机构能力和意识相关的官僚主义加剧了这一挑战。在本区域为减缓和适应动员和获得气候资金的主要障碍之一是缺乏明确的政策以及监管和法律框架，或者，即使有政策，也缺乏政策的执行。本研究中提出的障碍可以通过气候融资行为体采取强有力和果断的行动，以及营造优先考虑气候行动的有利环境来解决。然而，如果该地区在气候变化问题上的政治意愿在短期内得不到加强，气候资金的动员可能会继续滞后。

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引用次数: 0

The role of entrepreneurial orientation on farmer’s adoption of crop diversification under climate change: Evidence from rural Pakistan 气候变化下企业家导向对农民采用作物多样化的作用：来自巴基斯坦农村的证据

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100709

Karim Abbas, Yueji Zhu, Qian Yang

Climatic shocks cause severe risks and uncertainties to agricultural production in developing countries. Crop diversification is an important strategy to improve farmers’ livelihoods and agricultural productivity during climate change. Existing studies have explored many factors influencing farmers’ decisions to adopt crop diversification practices. However, the role of entrepreneurship orientation (EO) in farmer’s adoption of crop diversification has not received enough attention. This study specifies EO in three dimensions (risk-taking, innovativeness, proactiveness) and first, it examines the impact of EO on farmers’ adoption of crop diversification practices, using the instrumental variable-Probit (IV-Probit) model based on the data collected from farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. The results reveal that EO significantly increases farmers’ adoption of crop diversification practices. Specifically, risk-taking and innovativeness promote farmers’ crop diversification, but proactiveness has a negative impact. We also find that market orientation mediates between EO and farmer’s crop diversification. EO enhances farmers’ market orientation which imposes a positive impact on the adoption of crop diversification. The findings underscore the importance of EO in farmers’ adaptation to climate change in agricultural production. Policymakers can better design training programs to improve farmer’s knowledge and skills from the EO perspectives.

气候冲击给发展中国家的农业生产带来了严重的风险和不确定性。作物多样化是在气候变化期间改善农民生计和农业生产力的重要战略。现有的研究已经探索了影响农民采取作物多样化做法决策的许多因素。然而，创业导向在农民采用作物多样化中的作用尚未得到足够的重视。本研究从三个维度（冒险性、创新性、主动性）来界定创业意识。首先，基于从巴基斯坦旁遮普省农民收集的数据，使用工具变量probit （IV-Probit）模型，研究了创业意识对农民采用作物多样化做法的影响。结果表明，生态效益显著提高了农民对作物多样化做法的采用。具体而言，冒险性和创新性对农民作物多样化有促进作用，而主动性对农民作物多样化有负面影响。我们还发现，市场导向在经济效益与农民作物多样化之间起中介作用。经济效益提高了农民的市场导向，对作物多样化的采用产生了积极的影响。研究结果强调了生态环境对农民适应农业生产中气候变化的重要性。政策制定者可以更好地设计培训项目，以提高农民的知识和技能。

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引用次数: 0

The cooling effect of urban green spaces as nature-based solutions for mitigating urban heat: insights from a decade-long systematic review 城市绿地作为缓解城市热量的自然解决方案的降温效果：来自长达十年的系统回顾的见解

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100731

Hadi Soltanifard , Majid Amani-Beni

Urban green spaces (UGS) are increasingly recognized as effective nature-based solutions (NBS) to mitigate urban heat through cooling mechanisms such as shading, evapotranspiration, and enhanced albedo. This systematic review analyzes research conducted over the past decade (2014–2024) to assess the cooling benefits of UGS, particularly in hot and arid climates. The study synthesizes findings from 84 peer-reviewed articles, examining key mechanisms including shading, evapotranspiration, and spatial configuration, while also addressing the obstacles faced in implementing UGS. It identifies critical factors, such as vegetation density, species selection, spatial patterns, and urban morphology, which influence the cooling effect. Extracted from individual studies, these results highlight that UGS can lower temperatures by 1–7 °C, with cooling intensity influenced by vegetation type, spatial configuration, and urban morphology. The study also highlights challenges in UGS planning and implementation, particularly in hot and arid climates, where water scarcity and urban density pose significant constraints. Key findings emphasize the importance of optimizing UGS design to maximize cooling benefits, integrating strategies such as spatial connectivity, species diversity, and innovative water management systems. By addressing knowledge gaps and issues, this review provides actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers to enhance the effectiveness of UGS in reducing urban heat island (UHI) effects, with a particular focus on climate-adaptive and context-specific strategies.

城市绿地（UGS）越来越被认为是有效的基于自然的解决方案（NBS），通过遮阳、蒸散发和增强反照率等冷却机制来缓解城市热量。本系统综述分析了过去十年（2014-2024年）进行的研究，以评估UGS的冷却效益，特别是在炎热和干旱气候下。该研究综合了84篇同行评议文章的研究结果，研究了包括遮阳、蒸散发和空间配置在内的关键机制，同时也解决了实施UGS所面临的障碍。分析了影响降温效果的关键因素，如植被密度、物种选择、空间格局和城市形态。从单个研究中提取的结果表明，UGS可以降低1-7°C的温度，其降温强度受植被类型、空间配置和城市形态的影响。该研究还强调了UGS规划和实施方面的挑战，特别是在炎热和干旱气候中，缺水和城市密度构成了重大制约因素。主要研究结果强调了优化UGS设计以最大限度地提高冷却效益、整合空间连通性、物种多样性和创新水管理系统等策略的重要性。通过解决知识差距和问题，本综述为城市规划者和决策者提供了可操作的见解，以提高城市地质调查局在减少城市热岛效应方面的有效性，并特别关注气候适应和具体情况的战略。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing climate adaptation planning with limited resources: A streamlined framework for municipal climate risk assessments 利用有限资源加强气候适应规划：简化的城市气候风险评估框架

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100723

Nicolas Hübner , Matthias Finkbeiner

Municipalities are key actors in climate adaptation, facing unique vulnerabilities and specific local climate risks. Yet, municipal adaptation planning often remains reactive and incremental, lacking the strategic foundation for long-term resilience.

Local Climate Risk Assessments (CRAs) are critical for identifying and prioritizing adaptation needs, and allocating resources effectively, but their technical complexity and resource demands pose challenges, particularly for municipalities with limited capacities.

We present the “Streamlined Municipal Adaptation Risk Tool for Climate Risk Assessments” (SMART-CRA), a decision-centric framework that operationalizes and adapts the general CRA process of ISO 14091 for municipal contexts. It introduces a heuristic comparative reference approach that builds on an existing national CRA to reduce technical effort while maintaining scientific rigor. This shifts the focus toward participatory evaluations and increases local relevance.

Applied in the German municipality of Geestland, SMART-CRA identified high-priority climate risks across relevant sectors within six months, coordinated by a single key person responsible for managing data collection and stakeholder engagement, demonstrating its feasibility in resource-constrained settings. While designed for broad applicability, successful implementation depends on enabling factors, such as access to high-resolution data, a robust reference CRA, and dedicated personnel, e.g., a climate adaptation manager, which may be less available in developing contexts. Key challenges relate to the inherent limitations of the comparative reference approach, the subjectivity of normative evaluations, and uncertainties in climate projections. To avoid maladaptation and account for uncertainty, contextual judgment and continuous refinement of adaptation strategies over time remain essential.

市政当局是适应气候变化的关键行为体，面临着独特的脆弱性和特定的地方气候风险。然而，城市适应规划往往是被动的、渐进式的，缺乏长期抵御能力的战略基础。地方气候风险评估（CRAs）对于确定适应需求并确定优先次序以及有效分配资源至关重要，但其技术复杂性和资源需求带来了挑战，特别是对于能力有限的市政当局。我们提出了“用于气候风险评估的精简城市适应风险工具”（SMART-CRA），这是一个以决策为中心的框架，可针对城市环境实施和调整ISO 14091的一般CRA流程。它引入了一种启发式比较参考方法，该方法建立在现有的国家CRA基础上，以减少技术工作量，同时保持科学的严谨性。这使重点转向参与性评价，并增加地方相关性。SMART-CRA在德国吉斯特兰市应用，在六个月内确定了相关部门的高优先级气候风险，由负责管理数据收集和利益相关者参与的单一关键人员进行协调，证明了其在资源受限环境下的可行性。虽然为广泛适用性而设计，但成功实施取决于有利因素，例如获得高分辨率数据、可靠的参考CRA和专门人员，例如气候适应管理人员，这在发展中国家可能较少。主要挑战涉及比较参考方法的固有局限性、规范性评估的主观性以及气候预测的不确定性。为了避免适应不良和解释不确定性，上下文判断和适应策略的不断改进仍然是必要的。

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引用次数: 0

From transactional to transformative: evolving research practices through mutual aid collaboration 从交易到变革：通过互助合作不断发展的研究实践

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100767

Manasa Bollempalli , Nuzhat Fatema , Kevin Bass , Anthony Adams , Yvonne Appiah Dadson , Elisabeth Gilmore , DeeDee Bennett-Gayle , Amy Li , Victoria Ramenzoni

While equity in climate adaptation is increasingly recognized, university-based research can inadvertently reinforce inequities. This paper examines a partnership between Homies Helping Homies, a South Philadelphia mutual aid organization, and university researchers to document climate impacts on low-income and marginalized communities. Inequities often arise when research fails to engage communities, overlooks relevant concerns, lacks trust, or misinterprets responses due to insufficient cultural understanding. Mutual aid organizations, inherently community-based, foster resilience and solidarity, addressing unmet needs while building collective trust. Anchored in Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR), we adopt a reflexive, co-produced approach that foregrounds positionality, reciprocity, and shared decision-making. This approach transformed the researcher-community relationships, leveled hierarchies, and addressed the gaps in familiarity among researchers and other actors. By centering everyday experiences of heat, flooding, and resource scarcity, the collaboration revealed how local knowledge and trust networks shape risk perception and adaptive behavior. The case demonstrates how mutual aid organizations can serve as both community resilience infrastructure and methodological partners in producing usable, justice-oriented climate knowledge. We argue that embedding research within reciprocal, care-centered relationships enhances the legitimacy, ethics, and transformative potential of climate risk management, particularly in urban contexts marked by systemic inequity.

虽然人们越来越认识到气候适应的公平性，但以大学为基础的研究可能会在不经意间加剧不平等。本文考察了南费城互助组织Homies Helping Homies与大学研究人员之间的合作关系，以记录气候对低收入和边缘化社区的影响。当研究未能让社区参与、忽视相关问题、缺乏信任或由于文化理解不足而误解反应时，往往会出现不公平现象。互助组织本质上以社区为基础，促进了复原力和团结，在建立集体信任的同时解决了未满足的需求。在参与性行动研究（PAR）和基于社区的参与性研究（CBPR）的基础上，我们采用了一种反射性的、共同生产的方法，强调了位置性、互惠性和共同决策。这种方法改变了研究人员与社区的关系，分层，并解决了研究人员和其他参与者之间熟悉程度的差距。通过关注高温、洪水和资源短缺的日常经验，合作揭示了当地知识和信任网络如何塑造风险感知和适应性行为。该案例表明，互助组织既可以作为社区韧性基础设施，也可以作为方法论合作伙伴，在生产可用的、以正义为导向的气候知识方面发挥作用。我们认为，将研究嵌入互惠的、以关怀为中心的关系中，可以增强气候风险管理的合法性、道德性和变革潜力，特别是在以系统性不平等为特征的城市环境中。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding the labor supply for conducting wildfire hazardous fuel reduction treatments 了解进行野火危险燃料减少处理的劳动力供应

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100768

Jaana Korhonen , Jeffrey P. Prestemon

It is becoming increasingly critical for societies to understand how costs and benefits associated with natural disasters and their mitigation activities are allocated across economic actors. Although higher rates of wildfire hazard mitigation would be expected to increase jobs in the forestry and logging sector, scientific examination of the magnitude of such impacts has been scarce. This research helps to close this research gap by evaluating how labor markets in Western U.S. counties have responded to the mechanical wildfire hazardous fuel reduction treatments carried out on national forests in 10 states. Econometric analysis of quarterly data, 2018–2022, suggest that these treatments generate statistically significant and positive, but limited, impacts on jobs in the forestry and logging sector and in the wood products sector in the U.S. West. The positive effects partially offset the overall long-run decline in forestry and logging sector jobs. Given that the employment impacts of mechanical treatments vary geographically, our results imply that strategies could be developed that maximize the positive job effects of treatments by varying investment levels across regions.

对社会来说，了解与自然灾害及其减灾活动有关的成本和效益如何在经济行为体之间分配正变得越来越重要。虽然预计野火危害缓解率的提高将增加林业和伐木部门的就业机会，但对这种影响程度的科学审查却很少。本研究通过评估美国西部各县的劳动力市场对在10个州的国家森林中进行的机械野火危险燃料减少处理的反应，有助于缩小这一研究差距。对2018-2022年季度数据的计量经济学分析表明，这些处理对美国西部林业和伐木部门以及木材产品部门的就业产生了统计上显着且积极但有限的影响。这些积极的影响部分地抵消了林业和伐木部门就业机会的总体长期下降。鉴于机械治疗对就业的影响因地区而异，我们的研究结果表明，可以通过不同地区的投资水平来制定策略，使治疗的积极就业效应最大化。

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引用次数: 0

Industry-focused and co-developed marine heatwave response plans are needed for enhancing climate resilience: Application to a vulnerable abalone industry 需要以行业为重点和共同开发的海洋热浪应对计划来增强气候适应能力：在脆弱的鲍鱼产业中的应用

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100771

Melinda A. Coleman , Matt J. Nimbs , Curtis Champion

The increasing strength and frequency of marine heatwaves is threatening the viability of vulnerable fisheries. Industry-focused marine heatwave response plans can reduce sensitivity and enhance the adaptive capacity of fisheries to climate extremes, but few such plans exist globally. Stakeholder knowledge elicitation is a core pillar of industry-focused marine heatwave response plans to ensure they are fit-for-purpose and are readily adopted by industry. We present the first marine heatwave response plan for an abalone industry; the eastern Australian abalone industry, that was co-developed in consultation with stakeholders whose knowledge of previous impacts of extreme thermal events and existing autonomous adaptation actions guided key components of the plan. This plan encompasses five core components: an early warning system, a response level assessment, example response actions and communications and capacity building strategies. Engagement with fisheries managers identified key capacity building pathways for incorporating marine heatwave preparedness into formal regulatory processes including harvest strategies and quota setting. We also present lessons learnt from the first enactment of this plan and recommendations for adapting this plan for other climate-vulnerable industries. This response plan for a climate-vulnerable industry demonstrates the capacity for co-developed, industry-focused plans to facilitate targeted and effective responses to marine heatwave events.

海洋热浪的强度和频率日益增加，正威胁着脆弱渔业的生存能力。以行业为重点的海洋热浪响应计划可以降低敏感性并增强渔业对极端气候的适应能力，但全球很少有这样的计划。利益相关方的知识获取是以行业为重点的海洋热浪应对计划的核心支柱，以确保它们符合目的并易于被行业采用。我们提出了鲍鱼产业的第一个海洋热浪应对计划；东澳大利亚鲍鱼产业，这是在与利益相关者协商后共同开发的，他们对以前极端热事件的影响的了解和现有的自主适应行动指导了该计划的关键组成部分。该计划包括五个核心部分：预警系统、应对水平评估、应对行动范例以及沟通和能力建设战略。与渔业管理人员的接触确定了将海洋热浪防范纳入正式监管程序（包括收获战略和配额设定）的关键能力建设途径。我们还提出了从该计划首次颁布中吸取的经验教训，并提出了将该计划适用于其他易受气候变化影响的行业的建议。这一针对气候脆弱行业的应对计划表明，有能力共同制定以行业为重点的计划，以促进对海洋热浪事件的有针对性和有效应对。

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引用次数: 0

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

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