Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100609
Wenxuan Hui , Pengfeng Hou , Xiufang Ren
In the biological world, signal transduction plays a crucial role in coordinating cellular activities, maintaining homeostasis, and responding to the environment. In this paper, we first introduce the channel modeling of the intensity-driven signal transduction. We then show how to obtain the independent and identically distributed capacity and the feedback capacity for the Channel-Rhodopsin-2 receptor. We reveal that the non-feedback capacity of this channel equals its feedback capacity. Moreover, we give the upper bound of the capacity and provide a general method to maximize the directed information rate to obtain the optimal input distribution. Finally, simulation results are presented to confirm our analysis.
{"title":"Capacity of the intensity-driven signal transduction channel with and without feedback","authors":"Wenxuan Hui , Pengfeng Hou , Xiufang Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the biological world, signal transduction plays a crucial role in coordinating cellular activities, maintaining homeostasis, and responding to the environment. In this paper, we first introduce the channel modeling of the intensity-driven signal transduction. We then show how to obtain the independent and identically distributed capacity and the feedback capacity for the Channel-Rhodopsin-2 receptor. We reveal that the non-feedback capacity of this channel equals its feedback capacity. Moreover, we give the upper bound of the capacity and provide a general method to maximize the directed information rate to obtain the optimal input distribution. Finally, simulation results are presented to confirm our analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100598
Anshu Mala, Sanjoy Mandal
This study introduces a novel micro-optical ring resonator (MORR) structure designed to enhance filtering efficiency and channel capacity in dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. The proposed design integrates two asymmetrical triple-ring multibus systems, effectively cascading three asymmetric ring-based MORRs with multiple output ports (1 × 2) to form a (1 × 4) bus configuration. The performance of the proposed MORR structures is mathematically modelled using the delay line approach in the Z-domain, with frequency response characteristics analyzed in MATLAB. The system is further designed and simulated using OptiFDTD software, where directional coupler design and field distribution analysis are also conducted. The frequency response of the designed MORRs is analyzed using OptiFDTD software and cross-verified with MATLAB simulations. The computed FSR from both methods shows a strong correlation, indicating high accuracy. Additionally, OptiSystem 18 is employed to simulate the system using an eye diagram analyzer, ensuring a noise-free model. The results demonstrate a high-quality signal with a low bit error rate (BER) and a Q-factor exceeding 20 at each output bus. This cascading approach significantly enhances signal processing efficiency, reduces crosstalk, and increases the number of output channels, thereby boosting data capacity in communication networks.
{"title":"Cascaded asymmetrical triple-ring multibus system: Modelling and performance analysis","authors":"Anshu Mala, Sanjoy Mandal","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel micro-optical ring resonator (MORR) structure designed to enhance filtering efficiency and channel capacity in dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. The proposed design integrates two asymmetrical triple-ring multibus systems, effectively cascading three asymmetric ring-based MORRs with multiple output ports (1 × 2) to form a (1 × 4) bus configuration. The performance of the proposed MORR structures is mathematically modelled using the delay line approach in the Z-domain, with frequency response characteristics analyzed in MATLAB. The system is further designed and simulated using OptiFDTD software, where directional coupler design and field distribution analysis are also conducted. The frequency response of the designed MORRs is analyzed using OptiFDTD software and cross-verified with MATLAB simulations. The computed FSR from both methods shows a strong correlation, indicating high accuracy. Additionally, OptiSystem 18 is employed to simulate the system using an eye diagram analyzer, ensuring a noise-free model. The results demonstrate a high-quality signal with a low bit error rate (BER) and a Q-factor exceeding 20 at each output bus. This cascading approach significantly enhances signal processing efficiency, reduces crosstalk, and increases the number of output channels, thereby boosting data capacity in communication networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100597
Ritika Sharma, Mayank Kumar Rai, Rajesh Khanna
This paper presents a more accurate diameter-dependent model based on a Log-Normal (Log-N) distribution, addressing the limitations of previous normal distribution models that can produce unrealistic negative CNT diameters. The model aligns closely with experimental data, with only a 1.1 % deviation. The study explores the circuit parameters and the performance of CNT bundles and CuCNT composite interconnects specifically within the subthreshold regime, where ultra-low-power operation is essential. Design optimizations enhance the electrical performance of CNT bundle interconnects by taking into account the effects of dielectric surface roughness and structural defects. Results indicate that optimized CuCNT composites reduce average crosstalk delay by 79.36 % and 45.41 % on rough and smooth substrates, respectively. The study further examines the impact of CNT count and aspect ratio scaling, showing that both optimized CNT bundles and CuCNT composites significantly improve subthreshold performance metrics. The optimized CuCNT composite interconnect achieves superior crosstalk delay reduction, bandwidth, power delay product, and stability, making it ideal for future low-power VLSI applications.
{"title":"Enhancing subthreshold interconnect performance with log-normal distribution model: A study of CNT bundles and CuCNT composites","authors":"Ritika Sharma, Mayank Kumar Rai, Rajesh Khanna","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a more accurate diameter-dependent model based on a Log-Normal (Log-N) distribution, addressing the limitations of previous normal distribution models that can produce unrealistic negative CNT diameters. The model aligns closely with experimental data, with only a 1.1 % deviation. The study explores the circuit parameters and the performance of CNT bundles and CuCNT composite interconnects specifically within the subthreshold regime, where ultra-low-power operation is essential. Design optimizations enhance the electrical performance of CNT bundle interconnects by taking into account the effects of dielectric surface roughness and structural defects. Results indicate that optimized CuCNT composites reduce average crosstalk delay by 79.36 % and 45.41 % on rough and smooth substrates, respectively. The study further examines the impact of CNT count and aspect ratio scaling, showing that both optimized CNT bundles and CuCNT composites significantly improve subthreshold performance metrics. The optimized CuCNT composite interconnect achieves superior crosstalk delay reduction, bandwidth, power delay product, and stability, making it ideal for future low-power VLSI applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100596
S.R. Preethi , P. Chinniah , P. Ezhilarasi , T.R. Vijaya Lakshmi
Tongue characteristics reflect health conditions. In the context of emerging IoT healthcare, automated tongue image analysis is essential for accurate disease classification and diagnosis. Existing challenges include imaging variations, preprocessing issues, poor multiclass accuracy, IoT integration challenges and security concerns. To overcome these complications, Biomedical Tongue Colour Image Analysis using Optimized Quantum Self-Attention Neural Network for Disease Diagnosis and Classification in Internet of Things (BM-TCIA-QS-ANN) is proposed. Here, the input images are taken from tongue image dataset and type 2 diabetes mellitus tongue dataset. The gathered input images are pre-processed using Maximum Correntropy Quaternion Kalman Filtering (MCQ-KF) is employed to decrease noise and enhance the image quality. After preprocessing, the images are fed into Synchro-Transient-Extracting Transform (STET) to extract geometric and texture features like smaller half distance, center distance, circle area, square area, triangle area, energy, entropy, contrast, and homogeneity. Then the extracted features are fed into Quantum Self-Attention Neural Network (QS-ANN) for classifying the tongue images as healthy, Erosive Gastritis (EG), Chronic Gastritis (CG), Nephrotic Syndrome (NS), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Nephritis (NT), Gastritis Verrucosa (GV), and Coronary Heart disease (CH) in the tongue image dataset and diabetes and non-diabetes in the type 2 diabetes mellitus tongue database. To enhance accuracy, the Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA) is utilized to optimize QS-ANN parameters, ensuring precise tongue colour image analysis disease classification. The proposed BM-TCIA-QS-ANN technique is implemented in Python. The BM-TCIA-QS-ANN method achieves superior performance with 99.42 % accuracy, 98.34 % precision, and 98.12 % recall, outperforming existing techniques such as TDM-SE-ResNet50-GD, TD-CTLNTI-DCNN, and TRTS-DenseNet-IC respectively.
{"title":"Optimized quantum self-attention neural network for biomedical tongue colour image analysis disease diagnosis and classification in Internet of Things","authors":"S.R. Preethi , P. Chinniah , P. Ezhilarasi , T.R. Vijaya Lakshmi","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tongue characteristics reflect health conditions. In the context of emerging IoT healthcare, automated tongue image analysis is essential for accurate disease classification and diagnosis. Existing challenges include imaging variations, preprocessing issues, poor multiclass accuracy, IoT integration challenges and security concerns. To overcome these complications, Biomedical Tongue Colour Image Analysis using Optimized Quantum Self-Attention Neural Network for Disease Diagnosis and Classification in Internet of Things (BM-TCIA-QS-ANN) is proposed. Here, the input images are taken from tongue image dataset and type 2 diabetes mellitus tongue dataset. The gathered input images are pre-processed using Maximum Correntropy Quaternion Kalman Filtering (MCQ-KF) is employed to decrease noise and enhance the image quality. After preprocessing, the images are fed into Synchro-Transient-Extracting Transform (STET) to extract geometric and texture features like smaller half distance, center distance, circle area, square area, triangle area, energy, entropy, contrast, and homogeneity. Then the extracted features are fed into Quantum Self-Attention Neural Network (QS-ANN) for classifying the tongue images as healthy, Erosive Gastritis (EG), Chronic Gastritis (CG), Nephrotic Syndrome (NS), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Nephritis (NT), Gastritis Verrucosa (GV), and Coronary Heart disease (CH) in the tongue image dataset and diabetes and non-diabetes in the type 2 diabetes mellitus tongue database. To enhance accuracy, the Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA) is utilized to optimize QS-ANN parameters, ensuring precise tongue colour image analysis disease classification. The proposed BM-TCIA-QS-ANN technique is implemented in Python. The BM-TCIA-QS-ANN method achieves superior performance with 99.42 % accuracy, 98.34 % precision, and 98.12 % recall, outperforming existing techniques such as TDM-SE-ResNet50-GD, TD-CTLNTI-DCNN, and TRTS-DenseNet-IC respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100595
Nuriddin Safoev , Madjit Karimov , Seyed-Sajad Ahmadpour , Muhammad Zohaib , Komil Tashev , Suhaib Ahmed
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a propelling technological shift that enables seamless networking between billions of physical devices across healthcare sectors, agriculture, smart cities, and industrial production lines. By integrating embedded sensors, actuators, and communication modules, IoT systems can gather real-time data, leading to better operational decisions and improved efficiency in healthcare systems. The rapid growth of IoT devices creates three main operational challenges related to power usage, efficiency, and thermal management requirements. The demand for more efficient, compact, high-speed, and energy-efficient devices poses significant challenges for these systems. Traditional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based architectures struggle to meet these demanding requirements, representing a major barrier to the development of reliable and scalable next-generation IoT systems. This research demonstrates Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) nanotechnology as an alternative solution because it performs logical operations through electron positioning rather than conventional current flow. This paper proposes a modified version of a QCA-based multiplexer design (MUX) since digital logic systems require these signal routing elements for operation. The fundamental 2:1 MUX is established using QCA cell-interaction principles, and then 4:1 and 8:1 QCA MUXs are designed through hierarchical expansion. The suggested modified MUX devices operate on a compact scale with minimal cells to reduce the occupied area compared to current MUX designs. The research outcomes demonstrate that QCA circuits hold promising potential for creating energy-saving, powerful, and scalable computational platforms for future IoT healthcare systems.
{"title":"A nano-scale quantum-dot multiplexer architecture for logic units in internet of things healthcare systems","authors":"Nuriddin Safoev , Madjit Karimov , Seyed-Sajad Ahmadpour , Muhammad Zohaib , Komil Tashev , Suhaib Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Internet of Things (IoT) is a propelling technological shift that enables seamless networking between billions of physical devices across healthcare sectors, agriculture, smart cities, and industrial production lines. By integrating embedded sensors, actuators, and communication modules, IoT systems can gather real-time data, leading to better operational decisions and improved efficiency in healthcare systems. The rapid growth of IoT devices creates three main operational challenges related to power usage, efficiency, and thermal management requirements. The demand for more efficient, compact, high-speed, and energy-efficient devices poses significant challenges for these systems. Traditional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based architectures struggle to meet these demanding requirements, representing a major barrier to the development of reliable and scalable next-generation IoT systems. This research demonstrates Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) nanotechnology as an alternative solution because it performs logical operations through electron positioning rather than conventional current flow. This paper proposes a modified version of a QCA-based multiplexer design (MUX) since digital logic systems require these signal routing elements for operation. The fundamental 2:1 MUX is established using QCA cell-interaction principles, and then 4:1 and 8:1 QCA MUXs are designed through hierarchical expansion. The suggested modified MUX devices operate on a compact scale with minimal cells to reduce the occupied area compared to current MUX designs. The research outcomes demonstrate that QCA circuits hold promising potential for creating energy-saving, powerful, and scalable computational platforms for future IoT healthcare systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100593
Ama Bandara, Abhijit Das, Fátima Rodríguez-Galán, Eduard Alarcón, Sergi Abadal
As chiplet-based integration and many-core architectures become the norm in computing, on-chip wireless communication has emerged as a compelling alternative to traditional interconnects. However, scalable Medium Access Control (MAC) remains a fundamental challenge, particularly under dense traffic and limited spectral resources. This paper presents TRMAC, a novel cross-layer MAC protocol that exploits the spatial focusing capability of Time Reversal (TR) to enable multiple parallel transmissions over a shared frequency channel. By leveraging the quasi-deterministic nature of on-chip wireless channels, TRMAC pre-characterizes Channel Impulse Responses (CIRs) to coordinate access using energy-based thresholds, eliminating the need for orthogonal resource allocation or centralized arbitration. Through detailed physical-layer simulation and system-level evaluation on diverse traffic, TRMAC demonstrates comparable or superior performance to existing multi-channel MAC protocols, achieving low latency, high throughput, and strong scalability across hundreds of cores. Moreover, we prove that TRMAC can be utilized for parallel transmissions with a single frequency channel with a similar throughput and latency as in using multiple frequency bands, omitting the need for complex transceivers.
{"title":"TRMAC: A time-reversal-based MAC protocol for wireless networks within computing packages","authors":"Ama Bandara, Abhijit Das, Fátima Rodríguez-Galán, Eduard Alarcón, Sergi Abadal","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As chiplet-based integration and many-core architectures become the norm in computing, on-chip wireless communication has emerged as a compelling alternative to traditional interconnects. However, scalable Medium Access Control (MAC) remains a fundamental challenge, particularly under dense traffic and limited spectral resources. This paper presents TRMAC, a novel cross-layer MAC protocol that exploits the spatial focusing capability of Time Reversal (TR) to enable multiple parallel transmissions over a shared frequency channel. By leveraging the quasi-deterministic nature of on-chip wireless channels, TRMAC pre-characterizes Channel Impulse Responses (CIRs) to coordinate access using energy-based thresholds, eliminating the need for orthogonal resource allocation or centralized arbitration. Through detailed physical-layer simulation and system-level evaluation on diverse traffic, TRMAC demonstrates comparable or superior performance to existing multi-channel MAC protocols, achieving low latency, high throughput, and strong scalability across hundreds of cores. Moreover, we prove that TRMAC can be utilized for parallel transmissions with a single frequency channel with a similar throughput and latency as in using multiple frequency bands, omitting the need for complex transceivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100594
Arpita Kundu , Jadav Chandra Das , Bikash Debnath , Debashis De
Quantum computing has emerged as a transformative paradigm with profound implications for computation, communication, encryption, and information theory. As classical systems approach their miniaturization and energy-efficiency limits, quantum technologies offer new mechanisms rooted in superposition, entanglement, and reversibility. This paper introduces a foundational nanocommunication framework that integrates three known reversible circuit primitives—majority voter, parity generator, and parity checker—into a unified communication system. Unlike prior works that analyze these circuits in isolation, the proposed architecture validates their combined functionality on the IBM Quantum platform, tested under both ideal (Aer simulator) and realistic noisy (NISQ hardware) conditions. By incorporating depolarizing noise models, mid-circuit resets, and hardware execution, the framework directly reflects the physical constraints of real devices, including qubit errors, decoherence, and relaxation effects. Simulation and hardware results demonstrate system-level fidelity, circuit cost, and accuracy for both small- and higher-bit counts. Comparative analysis with existing teleportation- and entanglement-based protocols highlights the efficiency and scalability of the approach. Overall, this study establishes a practical and foundational step toward noise-resilient, parity-based quantum communication systems, paving the way for larger processor-scale designs in the future.
{"title":"Parity generator-checker based nano communication network using reversible quantum majority voter","authors":"Arpita Kundu , Jadav Chandra Das , Bikash Debnath , Debashis De","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum computing has emerged as a transformative paradigm with profound implications for computation, communication, encryption, and information theory. As classical systems approach their miniaturization and energy-efficiency limits, quantum technologies offer new mechanisms rooted in superposition, entanglement, and reversibility. This paper introduces a foundational nanocommunication framework that integrates three known reversible circuit primitives—majority voter, parity generator, and parity checker—into a unified communication system. Unlike prior works that analyze these circuits in isolation, the proposed architecture validates their combined functionality on the IBM Quantum platform, tested under both ideal (Aer simulator) and realistic noisy (NISQ hardware) conditions. By incorporating depolarizing noise models, mid-circuit resets, and hardware execution, the framework directly reflects the physical constraints of real devices, including qubit errors, decoherence, and relaxation effects. Simulation and hardware results demonstrate system-level fidelity, circuit cost, and accuracy for both small- and higher-bit counts. Comparative analysis with existing teleportation- and entanglement-based protocols highlights the efficiency and scalability of the approach. Overall, this study establishes a practical and foundational step toward noise-resilient, parity-based quantum communication systems, paving the way for larger processor-scale designs in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100586
Yi-Wei Chen , Xin-Wei Yao , Qiang Li
The improvement of nanocommunication technology has promoted intra-body medical applications. With the advancement of nano-devices and terahertz communication technology, the performance of intra-body nanonetworks has been continuously enhanced, making the remote medical data transmission a reality. Intra-body nanonetworks can stably transmit the physiological information captured within the human body to the distant medical service center. Considering the aqueous environment of the human body, the communication of nanonetworks is subject to environmental interference and the physical limitations of nano-devices, and traditional routing protocols are difficult to meet the communication requirements in intra-body nanonetworks. Especially in the aspect of health monitoring,different types of data have corresponding importance, and some urgent data deserve more attention. For example, signals of acute arrhythmias (such as ventricular fibrillation) detected by nano-nodes are of the highest priority. Therefore, this paper designs a Data Priority-based Opportunistic Routing (DPOR) protocol. In this protocol, nano-nodes select the appropriate relay according to the level of data priority to improve the transmission efficiency of intra-body nanonetworks. On this basis, a thermal-aware model is constructed. By restricting the energy of nano-nodes and managing the energy consumption of nodes, it prevents nodes from overheating and damaging human tissues. Simulation experiments show that this model can optimize the routing selection, extend the network lifetime, and ensure the timeliness and reliability of transmission during the data transmission process while ensuring the safety of node temperature.
{"title":"DPOR: A data priority-based opportunity routing protocol for intra-body nanonetworks","authors":"Yi-Wei Chen , Xin-Wei Yao , Qiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The improvement of nanocommunication technology has promoted intra-body medical applications. With the advancement of nano-devices and terahertz communication technology, the performance of intra-body nanonetworks has been continuously enhanced, making the remote medical data transmission a reality. Intra-body nanonetworks can stably transmit the physiological information captured within the human body to the distant medical service center. Considering the aqueous environment of the human body, the communication of nanonetworks is subject to environmental interference and the physical limitations of nano-devices, and traditional routing protocols are difficult to meet the communication requirements in intra-body nanonetworks. Especially in the aspect of health monitoring,different types of data have corresponding importance, and some urgent data deserve more attention. For example, signals of acute arrhythmias (such as ventricular fibrillation) detected by nano-nodes are of the highest priority. Therefore, this paper designs a Data Priority-based Opportunistic Routing (DPOR) protocol. In this protocol, nano-nodes select the appropriate relay according to the level of data priority to improve the transmission efficiency of intra-body nanonetworks. On this basis, a thermal-aware model is constructed. By restricting the energy of nano-nodes and managing the energy consumption of nodes, it prevents nodes from overheating and damaging human tissues. Simulation experiments show that this model can optimize the routing selection, extend the network lifetime, and ensure the timeliness and reliability of transmission during the data transmission process while ensuring the safety of node temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100585
Priyanka Das, Ameer Abbas H, Sheena Christabel Pravin, Lekha P
This research reports deep learning model-based image reconstruction of healthy cells and cancerous cells by deployment of metamaterial absorbers. Two different tunable absorbers have been proposed. In absorber I, tunability is introduced by varying the chemical potential of graphene strips which act as switches while in absorber II, tunability is facilitated by using multiple graphene patches embedded in slotted silver patches. Equivalent circuit models (ECM) have been proposed for modelling the electromagnetic coupling between different constituents in the absorbers by lumped parameters for analysing the reflection characteristics. This study is vital for comprehending the effect of the absorber geometry in determining the resonant frequencies corresponding to peak absorption and reflection nulls. The surface current distribution aids in determining whether electric or magnetic resonances are formed in the absorber. The tunable absorbers achieved a maximum sensitivity of 435 GHz/RIU. Maximum quality factor of 319 and figure of merit (FOM) of 11 have been obtained. The proposed absorbers can be used in detecting cancerous cells of human skin when the latter is placed as an analyte over it. Distinct 2D images of healthy and cancerous cells have been reconstructed from the reflection characteristics of the absorber when placed in vicinity of human skin which ensures that it can be used as a biosensor for non-invasive detection of skin cancer at an early stage. A meticulous analysis of convolutional neural network (CNN) enabled imaging algorithm from the reflectance spectrum has been elucidated. The model achieved 94.3% accuracy, 92.7% sensitivity, 95.8% specificity, and an F1 score of 93.2%.
{"title":"Tunable THz sensing for early detection of skin cancer by deep learning enabled image reconstruction","authors":"Priyanka Das, Ameer Abbas H, Sheena Christabel Pravin, Lekha P","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research reports deep learning model-based image reconstruction of healthy cells and cancerous cells by deployment of metamaterial absorbers. Two different tunable absorbers have been proposed. In absorber I, tunability is introduced by varying the chemical potential of graphene strips which act as switches while in absorber II, tunability is facilitated by using multiple graphene patches embedded in slotted silver patches. Equivalent circuit models (ECM) have been proposed for modelling the electromagnetic coupling between different constituents in the absorbers by lumped parameters for analysing the reflection characteristics. This study is vital for comprehending the effect of the absorber geometry in determining the resonant frequencies corresponding to peak absorption and reflection nulls. The surface current distribution aids in determining whether electric or magnetic resonances are formed in the absorber. The tunable absorbers achieved a maximum sensitivity of 435 GHz/RIU. Maximum quality factor of 319 and figure of merit (FOM) of 11 have been obtained. The proposed absorbers can be used in detecting cancerous cells of human skin when the latter is placed as an analyte over it. Distinct 2D images of healthy and cancerous cells have been reconstructed from the reflection characteristics of the absorber when placed in vicinity of human skin which ensures that it can be used as a biosensor for non-invasive detection of skin cancer at an early stage. A meticulous analysis of convolutional neural network (CNN) enabled imaging algorithm from the reflectance spectrum has been elucidated. The model achieved 94.3% accuracy, 92.7% sensitivity, 95.8% specificity, and an F1 score of 93.2%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100584
Florian Lau , Lara Josephine Prange , Regine Wendt , Sarah Scheer , Christian Hyttrek , Saswati Pal , Jorge Torres Gómez , Falko Dressler , Stefan Fischer
DNA-based nanonetworks hold great promise for future biomedical applications, especially in the areas of early disease detection and targeted therapy. However, reliably transmitting information from the nanoscale to external monitoring systems remains a major challenge. This paper explores using commercially available continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors as gateways between in vivo nanonetworks and external devices. We propose a novel architecture in which DNA-based nanosensors release glucose as a signaling molecule when disease-relevant biomarkers are detected. CGM systems can detect these glucose surges, enabling real-time external communication. After analyzing various biosensor types, we found that CGM sensors are the most viable option due to their widespread availability, biocompatibility, and ability to measure biochemical signals. We present several architectural alternatives, calculate the required signal strength for reliable detection, and discuss potential experimental validation strategies. Our findings highlight a feasible and practical pathway toward integrating nanoscale diagnostics with existing biosensing technologies.
{"title":"Using off-the-shelf biosensors to implement gateways for alarm-system nanonetworks","authors":"Florian Lau , Lara Josephine Prange , Regine Wendt , Sarah Scheer , Christian Hyttrek , Saswati Pal , Jorge Torres Gómez , Falko Dressler , Stefan Fischer","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nancom.2025.100584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA-based nanonetworks hold great promise for future biomedical applications, especially in the areas of early disease detection and targeted therapy. However, reliably transmitting information from the nanoscale to external monitoring systems remains a major challenge. This paper explores using commercially available continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors as gateways between in vivo nanonetworks and external devices. We propose a novel architecture in which DNA-based nanosensors release glucose as a signaling molecule when disease-relevant biomarkers are detected. CGM systems can detect these glucose surges, enabling real-time external communication. After analyzing various biosensor types, we found that CGM sensors are the most viable option due to their widespread availability, biocompatibility, and ability to measure biochemical signals. We present several architectural alternatives, calculate the required signal strength for reliable detection, and discuss potential experimental validation strategies. Our findings highlight a feasible and practical pathway toward integrating nanoscale diagnostics with existing biosensing technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号