Optical Switching and Networking最新文献

Intelligent service RMSA in elastic optical networks: deep Q-networks 弹性光网络中的智能业务RMSA：深度q网络

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Optical Switching and Networking

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100841

Huanlin Liu , Dongxin An , Yong Chen , Xiang Chen , Jiachen Zou , Haonan Chen , Bing Ma

Elastic optical networks (EONs) face with more intense resource competition and difficulties in ensuring service quality for time-varying services. This study uses deep Q-network to optimize routing, modulation and spectrum allocation (DQN-RMSA) for time-varying services. The DQN is introduced to combine the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework and Q-network to manage RMSA by sliding windows for time-varying services. Specifically, a priority-aware state representation is adopted to integrate time-varying service characteristics and network resource state capturing by the DRL agent. An enhanced prioritized experience replay mechanism with a Sumtree structure is used to accelerate convergence by prioritizing critical learning samples. Moreover, a delayed action is designed by using Markov decision process (MDP) to monitor state transition for improving the performance of RMSA, and the delay action is reflected in the reward function to balance delay and resource utilization in terms of decreasing blocking probability. Simulation results demonstrate that DQN-RMSA can achieve superior performance over traditional heuristic and other DRL methods, with notable improvements in service blocking probability, delay tolerance, and spectrum utilization. The DQN-RMSA can adapt to fluctuations in time-varying service, highlighting its potential for achieving self-optimization and robust resource allocation in dynamic environments.

弹性光网络面临着更激烈的资源竞争和时变业务的服务质量保障难题。本研究利用深度q网络优化时变业务的路由、调制和频谱分配（DQN-RMSA）。将深度强化学习（DRL）框架与q网络相结合，引入DQN，通过滑动窗口对时变服务进行RMSA管理。具体来说，采用一种优先级感知的状态表示，将时变服务特征与DRL代理捕获的网络资源状态相结合。一种带有Sumtree结构的增强的优先体验回放机制通过对关键学习样本进行优先排序来加速收敛。此外，利用马尔可夫决策过程（MDP）设计了一个延迟动作来监控状态转移，以提高RMSA的性能，延迟动作体现在奖励函数中，以降低阻塞概率来平衡延迟和资源利用率。仿真结果表明，DQN-RMSA算法在业务阻塞概率、延迟容忍度和频谱利用率等方面都优于传统的启发式算法和其他DRL算法。DQN-RMSA能够适应时变服务的波动，突出了其在动态环境中实现自优化和鲁棒资源分配的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A semi-supervised ML-driven strategy for fault detection and localization in optical networks 一种半监督机器学习驱动的光网络故障检测与定位策略

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Optical Switching and Networking

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100831

Andrei N. Ribeiro , Fabrício R. Lobato , Moisés F. Silva , João C.W.A. Costa

The continuous emergence of data-intensive online applications has required efforts to ensure the reliability of high data transmissions provided by optical networks. Considering that these systems are susceptible to faults that can affect their functioning, providing practical and accurate fault management approaches becomes vital. Therefore, this paper presents a semi-supervised approach based on an autoencoder (AE) model for detecting and localizing faults in optical networks. Since data from fault conditions is often absent in practical scenarios, a semi-supervised training strategy is applied, using only data from normal operating conditions. We can track fault occurrences based on the reconstruction error (RE) generated by the AE, which can serve as fault indicators (FIs), as data from normal and faulty conditions will produce different REs. Moreover, the proposed approach can localize faults by detecting them individually for each piece of equipment in the network. A dataset derived from an optical testbed is used for performance evaluation, focusing on accuracy and Type I and Type II errors. Results demonstrate that the standard AE outperformed PCA and other semi-supervised methods, including Variational AE and LSTM-AE, achieving an average fault detection accuracy of approximately 92.05%, with Type I and Type II error rates of about 7% and 0.9%, respectively.

数据密集型在线应用的不断出现，要求人们努力确保光网络提供的高数据传输的可靠性。考虑到这些系统容易受到可能影响其功能的故障的影响，提供实用和准确的故障管理方法变得至关重要。因此，本文提出了一种基于自编码器（AE）模型的半监督方法来检测和定位光网络中的故障。由于实际场景中往往缺乏故障条件下的数据，因此采用半监督训练策略，仅使用正常运行条件下的数据。我们可以基于声发射产生的重构误差（RE）来跟踪故障的发生，重构误差可以作为故障指示器（fi），因为正常和故障状态的数据会产生不同的RE。此外，本文提出的方法可以通过对网络中每台设备单独检测故障来定位故障。来自光学试验台的数据集用于性能评估，重点是精度和I型和II型误差。结果表明，标准声发射优于PCA和其他半监督方法，包括变分声发射和LSTM-AE，平均故障检测准确率约为92.05%，I型和II型错误率分别约为7%和0.9%。

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引用次数: 0

Incremental placement of wavelength-selective switching nodes in Semi-Filterless Optical Networks 半无滤波器光网络中波长选择交换节点的增量布局

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Optical Switching and Networking

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100830

Ting-Yi Cheng, Der-Rong Din

We study Semi-Filterless Optical Networks (Semi-FON), where a limited number of Wavelength Selective Switch (WSS) nodes are deployed incrementally to improve spectrum utilization at low cost. We address two coupled problems under new WSS placements: (i) reconstructing the fiber-tree substrate and (ii) allocating spectrum to minimize the maximum spectrum-slot usage. We propose two complementary reconstruction strategies — Subtree and Single-Link — combined with a greedy spectrum-minimization allocator. The methods support single- and two-level FON architectures and guarantee connectivity for arbitrary source–destination pairs.

Simulations on connected fixed topologies and several random topologies across multiple sizes and edge densities (under fixed and random traffic) reveal a robust two-phase behavior: early selections deliver sharp objective reductions, followed by diminishing returns. Subtree consistently achieves lower objectives with only a few WSS placements and reaches a plateau quickly, making it attractive under tight budgets. With larger budgets, Single-Link can continue making small but steady improvements and may eventually match or surpass Subtree. Runtime scales more strongly with network size than density, but remains practical for the evaluated regimes. Overall, Semi-FON with the proposed strategies substantially reduces peak spectrum usage while enabling cost-aware, incremental deployment.

我们研究了半无滤波器光网络（Semi-FON），其中有限数量的波长选择开关（WSS）节点增量部署以提高频谱利用率，以低成本。我们在新的WSS布局下解决了两个耦合问题：(i)重建光纤树基板和（ii）分配频谱以最小化最大频谱槽使用量。我们提出了两种互补的重建策略-子树和单链路-结合贪婪频谱最小化分配器。这些方法支持单级和两级FON架构，并保证任意源-目标对的连通性。在多个尺寸和边缘密度（固定和随机流量下）的连接固定拓扑和几种随机拓扑上的模拟显示了稳健的两阶段行为：早期选择提供了急剧的目标减少，随后是收益递减。Subtree只需要少量的WSS位置就可以实现较低的目标，并且很快达到平台期，这使得它在预算紧张的情况下具有吸引力。有了更大的预算，Single-Link可以继续进行小而稳定的改进，最终可能会赶上或超过Subtree。运行时随网络大小的变化比密度的变化更大，但对于评估的机制来说仍然是实用的。总体而言，采用拟议策略的Semi-FON大大减少了峰值频谱的使用，同时实现了成本意识和增量部署。

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引用次数: 0

Quantum entanglement resource utilization in quantum-classical networking 量子经典网络中的量子纠缠资源利用

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Optical Switching and Networking

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100829

Buniechukwu Njoku , Milad Ghadimi , Swaraj Shekhar Nande , Akhmadjon Rajabov , Ming Yin , Ju Hoon Kim , Ernest Scholtz , Muhammad Idham Habibie , Bassem Arar , Caspar Hopfmann , Riccardo Bassoli , Frank H.P. Fitzek

This work presents a hybrid quantum–classical architecture that converts entanglement-derived resources including ultra-precise timing, private/common randomness and certified entropy into first-class primitives for 5G networks. Semiconductor quantum-dot sources and correlation electronics distribute photon-pair coincidences, while a layered protocol stack exposes the resulting services to 5G core functions. As a proof-of-concept, we embed a quantum-random-number generator (QRNG) into the 5G Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) procedure, replacing the pseudo-random RAND generator in Open5GS with an HTTP-served QRNG feed. A simulation of sequential UE attachments shows that the QRNG path increases cumulative control-plane latency by

\approx 12 %

and produces isolated Round-Trip-Time (RTT) spikes, yet leaves data-plane efficiency largely unchanged: delivery rate matches the baseline while a flatter pacing profile lowers the risk of queue build-up. These results quantify the performance trade-off of QRNG-enhanced 5G and motivate tighter in-process or hardware QRNG integration in future quantum-enabled mobile networks.

这项工作提出了一种混合量子经典架构，将纠缠衍生资源（包括超精确定时、私有/公共随机性和认证熵）转换为5G网络的一等原语。半导体量子点源和相关电子器件分布光子对巧合，而分层协议堆栈将由此产生的服务暴露给5G核心功能。作为概念验证，我们将量子随机数生成器（QRNG）嵌入到5G身份验证和密钥协议（AKA）过程中，用http服务的QRNG feed取代Open5GS中的伪随机RAND生成器。对连续UE附件的模拟表明，QRNG路径将累计控制平面延迟增加约12%，并产生隔离的往返时间（RTT）峰值，但数据平面效率基本不变：交付率与基线相匹配，而更平坦的起步率降低了队列建立的风险。这些结果量化了QRNG增强5G的性能权衡，并激发了在未来的量子移动网络中更紧密的进程内或硬件QRNG集成。

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引用次数: 0

Uplink postponing with downlink matching: A low-latency and energy-efficient resource allocation scheme for TDM-PONs having heterogeneous ONU propagation delays 基于下行匹配的上行延迟：针对异构ONU传播延迟的tdm - pon，一种低时延、高能效的资源分配方案

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Optical Switching and Networking

Pub Date : 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100828

Yunxin Lv, Pengcheng Li, Meihua Bi, Yanrong Zhai, Hao Chi

A low-latency and energy-efficient resource allocation scheme is proposed and investigated for time division multiplexing passive optical networks (TDM-PONs) having heterogeneous optical network unit (ONU) propagation delays. By (a) properly postponing the uplink transmissions of ONUs and (b) in each polling cycle, searching the postponed uplink transmissions and selecting the next ONU to poll based on the time overlap between uplink and downlink transmissions as well as the resultant channel idle time, the proposed scheme minimizes both the overall operating time of each ONU and the channel idle time caused by heterogeneous ONU propagation delays. Consequently, available sleep time for each ONU is ensured, and high channel utilization efficiency is secured, thereby resulting in the energy-efficient and low-latency performance of the proposed scheme. Simulation results indicate that for a 10G-EPON with ONU propagation delays distributed in the range from 25 μs to 200 μs, the proposed scheme can significantly reduce the average packet delay compared to the conventional schemes, and is more energy-efficient in delivering data under a 1 ms delay constraint.

针对具有异构光网络单元（ONU）传播延迟的时分复用无源光网络（tdm - pon），提出并研究了一种低时延、高能效的资源分配方案。该方案通过(a)适当推迟ONU的上行传输，(b)在每个轮询周期中，根据上行和下行传输的时间重叠以及由此产生的信道空闲时间，搜索延迟的上行传输并选择下一个ONU进行轮询，从而使每个ONU的总体运行时间和异构ONU传播延迟导致的信道空闲时间最小化。从而保证了每个ONU的可用睡眠时间，保证了较高的信道利用效率，从而实现了本方案的高能效和低延迟性能。仿真结果表明，对于ONU传输延迟分布在25 μs ~ 200 μs范围内的10G-EPON，与传统方案相比，该方案可以显著降低平均分组延迟，并且在延迟约束为1 ms的情况下传输数据更加节能。

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引用次数: 0

A Lean and fast optical datacenter internal network fabric with partial configurability 一个精简和快速的光数据中心内部网络结构，具有部分可配置性

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Optical Switching and Networking

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100827

Konstantinos Kontodimas , Konstantinos Christodoulopoulos , Emmanouel Varvarigos

The introduction of all-optical switching in datacenter internal networks (DCNs) marks a significant step toward overcoming the limitations of traditional electronic switching. However, challenges such as limited optical switch port counts and slow reconfiguration speeds demand new architectural approaches. In this paper, we propose a DCN fabric based on a “Lean” optical switch design that offers scalable, partially configurable switching. This architecture supports fast reconfiguration suitable for real-time scheduling and network control, while optimizing hardware complexity. To achieve this, we relax the non-blocking network constraint and adopt partially configurable switching modules, which reduce control complexity by limiting the scheduler's configuration space. We compare the proposed Lean network against two established optical DCN architectures: RotorNet, which relies on fully distributed control with minimal configurability, and optical Folded-Clos, which employs centralized control and fully reconfigurable optical crossbars. These architectures span different design trade-offs in terms of control and switching complexity. Our Lean design strikes a balance between the two, combining their respective benefits—offering moderate configurability, fast reconfiguration, and reduced control overhead. We analyze the crosspoint and scheduling complexities of all three architectures and evaluate their throughput and latency performance through packet level simulations.

在数据中心内部网络（DCNs）中引入全光交换标志着克服传统电子交换局限性的重要一步。然而，诸如有限的光交换机端口数量和缓慢的重新配置速度等挑战需要新的架构方法。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于“精益”光开关设计的DCN结构，提供可扩展的，部分可配置的交换。该架构支持适合实时调度和网络控制的快速重构，同时优化硬件复杂性。为了实现这一目标，我们放宽了非阻塞网络约束，采用部分可配置的交换模块，通过限制调度程序的配置空间来降低控制复杂性。我们将提出的Lean网络与两种已建立的光学DCN架构进行了比较：RotorNet依赖于具有最小可配置性的完全分布式控制，以及光学fold - clos，采用集中控制和完全可重构的光交叉棒。这些体系结构在控制和切换复杂性方面跨越了不同的设计权衡。我们的精益设计在两者之间取得了平衡，结合了它们各自的优点——提供适度的可配置性、快速的重新配置和减少的控制开销。我们分析了所有三种架构的交叉点和调度复杂性，并通过分组级模拟评估了它们的吞吐量和延迟性能。

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引用次数: 0

Selection of candidate paths based on diversity in resource allocation problems on optical networks 光网络资源分配问题中基于多样性的候选路径选择

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Optical Switching and Networking

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100826

Yuta Mori, Maiko Shigeno

Optical networks play an essential role as an infrastructure supporting advanced information and communication technology. Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) have been designed to improve frequency resource utilization efficiency and enable flexible and efficient network operations. In EONs, the Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) problem — which involves determining routes of transmission and allocating frequency resources — is a critical issue for efficient network operation. Traditionally, the k-Shortest Paths (kSP) approach has been widely used for candidate transmission routes. However, kSP often leads to the concentration of transmission on specific links, creating bottlenecks for resource allocation. To address this challenge, we propose three novel candidate path selection methods for the RSA problem: (1) ensuring path diversity through similarity constraints via 0–1 integer programming, (2) clustering based on path similarity, and (3) suppressing link sharing through node pair grouping. Numerical experiments performed to assure the effectiveness of our proposed methods, and confirmed that introducing path diversity can yield high-quality solutions to the RSA problem under specific scenarios.

光网络作为支撑先进信息通信技术的基础设施，发挥着重要作用。弹性光网络（Elastic Optical network, eon）是为了提高频率资源的利用效率，实现灵活高效的网络运行而设计的。在EONs中，路由和频谱分配（RSA）问题——包括确定传输路由和分配频率资源——是网络高效运行的关键问题。传统上，k-最短路径（kSP）方法被广泛用于候选传输路由。但是，kSP常常导致传输集中在特定的链路上，给资源分配造成瓶颈。为了解决这一挑战，我们提出了三种新的RSA问题候选路径选择方法：(1)通过0-1整数规划的相似性约束确保路径多样性，(2)基于路径相似性的聚类，以及(3)通过节点对分组抑制链路共享。通过数值实验验证了所提方法的有效性，并证实了在特定场景下引入路径多样性可以得到高质量的RSA问题解。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic heuristics for transmission band assignment in multiband elastic optical networks 多波段弹性光网络中传输频带分配的动态启发式算法

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Optical Switching and Networking

Pub Date : 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100825

Felipe Cézar Maia e Silva, Danilo de Oliveira Melo, José Roberto do Nascimento Arcanjo, Helder Alves Pereira

In this paper, three dynamic transmission band assignment heuristics are proposed for multiband elastic optical networks. For that, five scenarios are considered involving three to five transmission bands. The amplified spontaneous emission noise, generated in the optical amplifiers, is considered as a physical layer impairment. The network performance is analyzed in terms of connection blocking probability and distribution of network accepted connections in each of the transmission bands, considering three well-known topologies in the literature. The results show that the proposed heuristics outperform the heuristics compared and available in the literature, in terms of connection blocking probability, in all scenarios analyzed. It is important to highlight that the order of the transmission bands must be taken into account during the assignment process so that, depending on the proposed heuristic, the difference in performance can be up to 76.5 percentage points in one of the scenarios analyzed.

针对多波段弹性光网络，提出了三种动态传输频带分配启发式算法。为此，考虑了涉及三到五个传输波段的五种情况。在光放大器中产生的被放大的自发发射噪声被认为是物理层损伤。考虑到文献中三种著名的拓扑结构，从连接阻塞概率和每个传输频带中网络可接受连接的分布来分析网络性能。结果表明，在所分析的所有场景中，所提出的启发式方法在连接阻塞概率方面优于文献中比较和可用的启发式方法。重要的是要强调，在分配过程中必须考虑传输频带的顺序，因此，根据所提出的启发式，在分析的一个场景中，性能差异可能高达76.5个百分点。

引用次数: 0

Visible light communication technologies: A tutorial and survey from fundamentals to cutting-edge innovations 可见光通信技术：从基础到前沿创新的教程和调查

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Optical Switching and Networking

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100824

Anass Kharbouche, Noureddine El-Haryqy, Hamza Ouamna, Zhour Madini, Younes Zouine

The integration of Visible Light Communication (VLC) has represented a major breakthrough by unlocking a new band of the spectrum, the visible light domain, while complementing the existing radio frequency spectrums. This innovation paves the way for applications that were previously inaccessible through traditional radio-based technologies. VLC has not only alleviated congestion in wireless networks but also offers a unique opportunity for expanding the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling communication between a multitude of connected devices. This paper provides a comprehensive review of VLC, tracing its development from its inception to the present state. The analysis is structured around the three essential components of a communication chain: the transmitter, the receiver, and the transmission channel. It is a synthesis of current knowledge, examining the various types of transmitters used, their adaptation to different applications, and their advantages and limitations. The paper also explores the methods for modeling transmission channels in VLC, detailing the differences between indoor and outdoor channels and how each type of channel corresponds to specific applications, along with their respective strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, particular attention is given to VLC receivers, analyzing their specificities based on channel types and the applications they are associated with. Through this review, the paper not only highlights the achievements made by researchers thus far but also discusses the challenges and future prospects in this ever-evolving field. Simulations and case studies are presented chronologically, providing a comprehensive view of the progress made and the results obtained, while identifying research avenues that need further exploration to advance this revolutionary technology.

可见光通信（VLC）的集成代表了一个重大突破，它解锁了一个新的频谱波段，即可见光域，同时补充了现有的射频频谱。这一创新为以前通过传统无线电技术无法实现的应用铺平了道路。VLC不仅缓解了无线网络的拥塞，而且为扩展物联网（IoT）提供了独特的机会，使众多连接设备之间的通信成为可能。本文对VLC进行了全面的回顾，追溯了它从诞生到现在的发展历程。该分析围绕通信链的三个基本组成部分进行：发送器、接收器和传输信道。它综合了当前的知识，研究了所使用的各种类型的发射机，它们对不同应用的适应性，以及它们的优点和局限性。本文还探讨了VLC中传输通道的建模方法，详细介绍了室内和室外通道之间的差异，以及每种类型的通道如何对应于特定应用，以及各自的优缺点。此外，还特别关注了VLC接收器，根据信道类型和与之相关的应用分析了它们的特性。通过回顾，本文不仅突出了迄今为止研究人员所取得的成就，还讨论了这一不断发展的领域所面临的挑战和未来的前景。模拟和案例研究按时间顺序呈现，提供了取得的进展和获得的结果的全面视图，同时确定了需要进一步探索的研究途径，以推进这一革命性技术。

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引用次数: 0

Survivable Elastic Optical Network: A survey of failure scenarios and solutions 可生存弹性光网络：故障场景和解决方案的综述

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Optical Switching and Networking

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100823

Amit Khanjan Sarma, Sanjib K. Deka, Nityananda Sarma

Survivable Elastic Optical Networks (SEON) are at the forefront of high-speed, flexible, and bandwidth-efficient optical communication. Modern flex-grid Elastic Optical Networks (EON) allocate variable-width frequency slots to match heterogeneous traffic demands and modulation formats; the survivability mechanisms discussed here operate at the spectrum slot layer and are agnostic to the underlying transponder waveform. Despite these advantages, ensuring survivability against diverse failures, including single-link, multi-link, node and hardware outages, remains a major challenge. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of SEON survivability, with a particular emphasis on classifying solutions according to different failure scenarios. State-of-the-art strategies such as Dedicated Path Protection, Shared Backup Path Protection, segmented and span restoration, and p-cycle protection are systematically analyzed and compared. Unlike previous surveys, this work integrates a classification framework with performance insights, highlighting how existing mechanisms fare under different types of failures. To bridge existing gaps, we also discuss open research challenges, including centralized control, spectrum management, AI-driven resilience, physical layer impairments and disaster recovery. Furthermore, we outline the potential of a hybrid protection paradigm combining state-aware traffic splitting, dynamic allocation, and vulnerability scoring to improve spectrum utilization and reduce blocking probability. By linking failure scenarios with recovery strategies and future research needs, this survey provides a unique perspective to guide the design of scalable, adaptive and intelligent SEON architectures.

可生存弹性光网络（SEON）是高速、灵活和带宽高效光通信的前沿。现代柔性网格弹性光网络（EON）通过分配变宽频率槽来适应异构业务需求和调制格式；这里讨论的生存性机制在频谱槽层工作，与底层应答器波形无关。尽管有这些优势，但确保在各种故障（包括单链路、多链路、节点和硬件中断）下的生存能力仍然是一个主要挑战。本文对SEON的生存能力进行了全面的研究，特别强调了根据不同的故障情况对解决方案进行分类。系统地分析和比较了专用路径保护、共享备份路径保护、分段和跨度恢复、p周期保护等最新策略。与之前的调查不同，这项工作将分类框架与性能见解相结合，突出了现有机制在不同类型故障下的表现。为了弥合现有的差距，我们还讨论了开放的研究挑战，包括集中控制、频谱管理、人工智能驱动的弹性、物理层损伤和灾难恢复。此外，我们概述了结合状态感知流量分割、动态分配和漏洞评分的混合保护范式的潜力，以提高频谱利用率并降低阻塞概率。通过将故障场景与恢复策略和未来研究需求联系起来，本研究为指导可扩展、自适应和智能SEON架构的设计提供了独特的视角。

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引用次数: 0