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An architecture to improve performance of software-defined optical networks 提高软件定义光网络性能的架构
IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2024.100783
Srija Chakraborty, Ashok Kumar Turuk, Bibhudatta Sahoo

The software-defined optical network (SDON) is a revolutionary approach in the field of optical networks. The separation of the control plane and data plane in software-defined networking (SDN) provides enhanced security and simplified network administration. Nevertheless, performance and control plane scalability are significant issues in SDN. SDN performance can be evaluated using parameters such as burst loss, delay, channel occupancy, packet loss, throughput, and average response time. The number of messages exchanged between the data plane and the control plane is used as a metric to determine controller scalability. As the network load increases, the controller experiences a higher flow of messages. It causes delay and burst loss in transmitting the burst. Occasionally, bursts exceed the capacity of the fixed-sized burstifier and are discarded because it takes a long time to identify a suitable route for the burst. Hence, it is essential to minimize the volume of messages exchanged between the control plane and the data plane to improve performance and controller scalability. In this paper, we propose a scalable SDN optical network architecture that minimizes the number of messages exchanged between the data plane and the control plane. We proposed mechanisms like channel reservation, transmission cycles, and guard time between cycles to enhance both the speed and the quality of burst transmission. Prior to transmission, resources or channels are allocated to bursts to minimize the possibility of burst collision and loss. The data plane comprises an optical burst switching (OBS) network, and the flow table entries are periodically updated to minimize inter-plane communication. We perform simulations to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed architecture with the existing state-of-the-art architecture reported in the literature. The proposed architecture performs better than the existing state-of-the-art in terms of metrics including burst loss, delay, channel occupancy, packet loss, throughput, average response time, and reduction in the number of messages exchanged between the data plane and the control plane. Experimental results indicate a 41% reduction in mean burst loss probability and a 40.5% reduction in mean burst sending delay compared to existing architectures. Additionally, 42.1% fewer messages are exchanged between the control plane and the data plane compared to the number of exchanged messages in existing architectures.

软件定义光网络(SDON)是光网络领域的一种革命性方法。软件定义网络(SDN)中控制平面和数据平面的分离增强了安全性并简化了网络管理。然而,性能和控制平面的可扩展性是 SDN 的重要问题。SDN 性能可通过突发丢失、延迟、信道占用、数据包丢失、吞吐量和平均响应时间等参数进行评估。数据平面和控制平面之间交换的信息数量被用作确定控制器可扩展性的指标。随着网络负载的增加,控制器的报文流量也会增加。这会导致突发传输延迟和突发丢失。偶尔,突发会超出固定大小突发器的容量,并被丢弃,因为要花很长时间才能为突发找到合适的路由。因此,必须尽量减少控制平面和数据平面之间的信息交换量,以提高性能和控制器的可扩展性。在本文中,我们提出了一种可扩展的 SDN 光网络架构,它能最大限度地减少数据平面和控制平面之间的信息交换量。我们提出了信道预留、传输周期和周期之间的保护时间等机制,以提高突发传输的速度和质量。在传输之前,为突发分配资源或信道,以尽量减少突发碰撞和丢失的可能性。数据平面由光突发交换(OBS)网络组成,流量表条目定期更新,以尽量减少平面间通信。我们进行了仿真,以评估和比较拟议架构与文献中报道的现有最先进架构的性能。在突发丢失、延迟、信道占用、数据包丢失、吞吐量、平均响应时间以及减少数据平面和控制平面之间的信息交换数量等指标方面,拟议架构的性能都优于现有的先进架构。实验结果表明,与现有架构相比,平均突发丢失概率降低了 41%,平均突发发送延迟降低了 40.5%。此外,与现有架构中交换的信息数量相比,控制平面和数据平面之间交换的信息数量减少了 42.1%。
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引用次数: 0
A distance adaptive dual-hop routing algorithm for underwater optical wireless networks 水下光无线网络的距离自适应双跳路由算法
IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2024.100782
Jing Ji, Yinkang Dai, Yang Qiu

Three main kinds of underwater wireless communication, which employ acoustic waves, radio frequency and optical waves, have attracted intensive research interests in recently years. Among them, the underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) is characterized by high propagation speed and large transmission bandwidth. But, the optical waves in underwater environment are significantly affected by absorption and scattering effects, which limit their transmission range. In order to enhance the performance of UOWC, designing a transmission and energy efficiency routing algorithm has become a non-ignorable issue in UOWC. In this paper, a transmission distance adaptive dual-hop (TDAD) routing algorithm is proposed for underwater optical wireless networks (UOWNs) to improve their efficiency in packet-delivery and energy-consumption. Unlike the existing routing algorithms designed for UOWNs, which pre-set the transmission range of network nodes, the proposed TDAD algorithm adaptively selects the transmission range for each node according to the diversity of heterogeneous service requests and employs location and energy information in its dual-hop based routing procedure. Simulation results indicate that the proposed TDAD algorithm remarkably improves packet delivery rate with more balanced energy consumption when compared to the deviation angle-based single-hop (DAS) algorithm and the distributed sector-based (DS) routing algorithm.

近年来,采用声波、射频和光波的三大类水下无线通信引起了人们的浓厚研究兴趣。其中,水下光无线通信(UOWC)具有传播速度快、传输带宽大的特点。但是,光波在水下环境中会受到吸收和散射效应的严重影响,从而限制了其传输范围。为了提高 UOWC 的性能,设计一种传输和能效路由算法已成为 UOWC 不可忽视的问题。本文针对水下光无线网络(UOWN)提出了一种传输距离自适应双跳(TDAD)路由算法,以提高其数据包传输效率和能耗。与预先设定网络节点传输距离的现有 UOWNs 路由算法不同,所提出的 TDAD 算法根据异构服务请求的多样性自适应地选择每个节点的传输距离,并在其基于双跳的路由过程中采用位置和能量信息。仿真结果表明,与基于偏差角的单跳(DAS)算法和基于分布式扇区的路由(DS)算法相比,所提出的 TDAD 算法能显著提高数据包的传输速率,且能耗更加均衡。
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引用次数: 0
Secured THz communication in photonic microcell networks based on spatial wave mixing of steered beams 基于转向光束空间波混合的光子微蜂窝网络中的安全太赫兹通信
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2024.100773
Ming Che , Hanwei Chen , Yuta Ueda , Kazutoshi Kato

Future 6G communication systems are envisioned to expand their carrier frequency to the THz region, where a broad unexplored region of spectrum is available. With this expansion, THz wireless communication has the potential to achieve ultra-high data transmission rates of up to 100 Gbit/s. However, as large amounts of data are transmitted in an open wireless environment, there are significant concerns regarding communication security due to the susceptibility to eavesdropping, interception, and jamming. In this work, we proposed a secure approach for THz wireless communication based on spatial wave mixing and flexible beam steering. To achieve this, two frequency-modulated THz waves, which are generated by photonic THz sources and carry encrypted information with true randomness, are mixed at a THz envelope detector with an exclusive-OR logic operation. We analyzed the possible spatial location for the THz detector to ensure a secure microcell network deployment. Our results demonstrate that the size of the decryptable region is directly dependent on the directivity and width of the emitted THz beam. To address this, we have developed an array antenna with integrated uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes (UTC-PDs), which is capable of generating THz waves while also improving the flexibility of beam pointing, allowing for greater control over the location and size of the decodable region. By controlling fiber-optic delay lines, we successfully demonstrated that the directional gain of a 200 GHz wave is increased by 8 dB through a 1 × 3 UTC-PD-integrated planar bowtie antenna (PBA) array, together with continuous beam steering from -20° to 10°. Additionally, using a 1 × 4 UTC-PD-integrated PBA array to emulate two encryption transmitters and a Femi-level managed barrier diode to detect spatially mixed THz waves, we successfully achieved a feasibility experiment for real-time 200 Mbit/s location-based decryption in the 200 GHz band. These results indicate that the proposed scheme is feasible for secured THz communication, and would be a powerful candidate to mitigate security risks in 6G microcell networks.

根据设想,未来的 6G 通信系统将把载波频率扩展到太赫兹区域,因为太赫兹区域的频谱尚未被开发。随着这一扩展,太赫兹无线通信有可能实现高达 100 Gbit/s 的超高数据传输速率。然而,由于大量数据是在开放的无线环境中传输的,容易受到窃听、拦截和干扰,因此通信安全问题备受关注。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种基于空间波混合和灵活波束转向的太赫兹无线通信安全方法。为了实现这一目标,两个由光子太赫兹源产生并携带真正随机性加密信息的频率调制太赫兹波在太赫兹包络探测器上通过排他-OR逻辑运算进行混合。我们分析了太赫兹探测器的可能空间位置,以确保微蜂窝网络部署的安全性。我们的结果表明,可解密区域的大小直接取决于发射太赫兹光束的方向性和宽度。为了解决这个问题,我们开发了一种集成了单程载波光电二极管(UTC-PD)的阵列天线,它既能产生太赫兹波,又能提高光束指向的灵活性,从而能够更好地控制可解密区域的位置和大小。通过控制光纤延迟线,我们成功地演示了通过 1 × 3 UTC-PD 集成平面弓形天线 (PBA) 阵列将 200 GHz 波的定向增益提高了 8 dB,并实现了 -20° 至 10° 的连续波束转向。此外,我们使用 1 × 4 UTC-PD 一体化 PBA 阵列模拟两个加密发射器,并使用一个 Femi-level 管理型势垒二极管检测空间混合太赫兹波,成功实现了 200 GHz 频段内基于位置的 200 Mbit/s 实时解密的可行性实验。这些结果表明,所提出的方案在太赫兹安全通信方面是可行的,将成为降低 6G 微蜂窝网络安全风险的有力候选方案。
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引用次数: 0
Cooperative visible light communications: An overview and outlook 可见光合作通信:概述与展望
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2024.100772
Olumide Alamu , Thomas O. Olwal , Karim Djouani

The evolution of data-intensive services and applications continues to drive the need for higher data rates in wireless communication systems, consequently depleting the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. Due to the unlicensed and enormous bandwidth available in the visible light (VL) spectrum, the emergence of visible light communication (VLC) has been considered a potential solution to alleviate the constraints associated with RF spectrum scarcity. However, the line-of-sight requirement and the inability of VL to penetrate opaque obstacles remain a daunting challenge in realizing a wider coverage area. The incorporation of cooperative communication in VLC systems serves as one of the primary solutions to address this challenge. Though various investigations are currently being conducted in this domain, a holistic report of various advances, solution approaches, and design challenges has not been captured in the open literature. Therefore, in this paper, our main goal is to present a review of the state-of-the-art research on cooperative VLC systems. Firstly, we provide a background discussion to establish the relationship between various components of cooperative VLC systems from a theoretical and analytical perspective. Secondly, we categorize various contributions in this direction under media access control (MAC), hybrid VLC-RF, power line communication-VLC (PLC-VLC), and VLC with energy harvesting. Based on the established categories, we identify various system design and evaluation methods, optimization problems, solution approaches adopted to tackle the problems, and their limitations. Thirdly, we identify various insights obtained from the presented papers that could serve as guidelines for practical system design. Finally, various design challenges and open areas for future research are identified.

数据密集型服务和应用的发展不断推动无线通信系统对更高的数据传输速率的需求,从而耗尽了射频(RF)频谱。由于可见光(VL)频谱具有未授权的巨大带宽,可见光通信(VLC)的出现被认为是缓解与射频频谱稀缺相关的制约因素的潜在解决方案。然而,视距要求和可见光无法穿透不透明障碍物仍然是实现更广覆盖范围的严峻挑战。在 VLC 系统中加入合作通信是应对这一挑战的主要解决方案之一。虽然目前在这一领域正在进行各种研究,但公开文献中还没有关于各种进展、解决方法和设计挑战的整体报告。因此,在本文中,我们的主要目标是回顾合作 VLC 系统的最新研究成果。首先,我们从理论和分析的角度讨论了合作 VLC 系统各组成部分之间的关系。其次,我们将这方面的各种贡献归类为媒体访问控制 (MAC)、混合 VLC-RF、电力线通信-VLC (PLC-VLC) 和带能量收集的 VLC。在既定分类的基础上,我们确定了各种系统设计和评估方法、优化问题、解决问题的方法及其局限性。第三,我们确定了从提交的论文中获得的各种启示,这些启示可作为实际系统设计的指南。最后,我们确定了各种设计挑战和未来研究的开放领域。
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引用次数: 0
ODRAD: An optical wireless DCN dynamic-bandwidth reconfiguration with AWGR and deep reinforcement learning ODRAD:利用 AWGR 和深度强化学习的光无线 DCN 动态带宽重新配置
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2024.100771
Kassahun Geresu, Huaxi Gu, Meaad Fadhel, Wenting Wei, Xiaoshan Yu

The rapid growth of Data Center Network (DCN) traffic has brought new challenges, such as limited bandwidth, high latency, and packet loss to existing DCNs based on electrical switches. Because of its theoretically unlimited bandwidth and faster data transmission speeds, optical switching can overcome the problems of electrically switched DCNs. Additionally, numerous research works have been devoted to optical wired DCNs. However, static and fixed-topology DCNs based on optical interconnects significantly limit their flexibility, scalability, and reconfigurability to provide adaptive bandwidth for traffic with heterogeneous characteristics. In this study, we propose and conduct performance evaluations on a reconfigurable optical wireless DCN architecture based on distributed Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA), and Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR). Our architecture is called ODRAD (which stands for Optical Wireless DCN Dynamic-bandwidth Reconfiguration with AWGR and Deep Reinforcement Learning). A Mininet simulation model is established to further verify the reconfigurability of the ODRAD network for various server scales. Based on experimental verification, ODRAD achieves an average end-to-end server latency of 5.2μs under a load of 99%. Compression results demonstrate a 17.36% improvement in packet rate latency performance compared to RotorNet and a 15.21% improvement compared to OPSquare at a load of 99% as the ODRAD network scales from 2,560 to 40,960 servers. Furthermore, ODRAD exhibits effective throughput across different routing protocols, DCN scales and loads.

数据中心网络(DCN)流量的快速增长给现有的基于电子交换机的 DCN 带来了新的挑战,如有限的带宽、高延迟和数据包丢失。由于光交换理论上具有无限的带宽和更快的数据传输速度,因此可以克服电交换 DCN 的问题。此外,许多研究工作都致力于光纤有线 DCN。然而,基于光互联的静态和固定拓扑 DCN 在为具有异构特性的流量提供自适应带宽方面的灵活性、可扩展性和可重构性受到了很大限制。在本研究中,我们提出了一种基于分布式软件定义网络(SDN)、深度强化学习(DRL)、半导体光放大器(SOA)和阵列波导光栅路由器(AWGR)的可重构光无线 DCN 架构,并对其进行了性能评估。我们的架构被称为 ODRAD(即利用 AWGR 和深度强化学习实现光学无线 DCN 动态带宽重配置)。为了进一步验证 ODRAD 网络在不同服务器规模下的可重构性,我们建立了 Mininet 仿真模型。根据实验验证,ODRAD 在 99% 的负载下实现了 5.2μs 的端到端服务器平均延迟。压缩结果表明,当 ODRAD 网络的服务器数量从 2,560 台扩展到 40,960 台时,在 99% 的负载条件下,与 RotorNet 相比,ODRAD 的数据包速率延迟性能提高了 17.36%,与 OPSquare 相比,提高了 15.21%。此外,ODRAD 在不同的路由协议、DCN 规模和负载下都表现出了有效的吞吐量。
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引用次数: 0
Novel dynamic impairment-aware algorithm for modulation, core, and spectrum assignment in SDM-EONs SDM EON中用于调制、核心和频谱分配的新的动态损伤感知算法
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2023.100763
Jurandir C. Lacerda Jr. , Adolfo V.T. Cartaxo , André C.B. Soares

Space-division multiplexed elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs) utilizing multi-core fiber (MCF) have been considered to address the growing traffic demand in transport networks. The quality of transmission (QoT) of MCF-based SDM-EONs is affected by inter-core and intra-core physical layer impairments (PLIs). This paper proposes an inter-core crosstalk-aware and intra-core impairment-aware algorithm for modulation, core, and spectrum assignment (CIA-MCSA) in MCF-based SDM-EONs. The CIA-MCSA considers PLI estimation in a dynamic traffic scenario and allocates new lightpaths using strategies to avoid blocking by insufficient QoT of the new lightpath and of already active lightpaths. Using numerical simulation, the performance of the CIA-MCSA is compared with five algorithms proposed by other authors, considering two distinct network topologies, heterogeneous traffic demands, and different levels of inter-core crosstalk. The results show that, when compared with the most competitive of the other algorithms, (i) CIA-MCSA achieves an average reduction of the request blocking probability by at least 33.87%; (ii) CIA-MCSA achieves an average reduction of the bandwidth blocking probability by at least 20.74%; and (iii) CIA-MCSA increases the network spectrum utilization by at least 3.04%.

利用多芯光纤(MCF)的空分复用弹性光网络(SDM EON)已被认为是为了满足传输网络中日益增长的业务需求。基于MCF的SDM EON的传输质量(QoT)受到核心间和核心内物理层损伤(PLI)的影响。本文提出了一种用于基于MCF的SDM EON中的调制、核心和频谱分配(CIA-MCSA)的核心间串扰感知和核心内损伤感知算法。CIA-MCSA考虑动态业务场景中的PLI估计,并使用策略来分配新光路,以避免由于新光路和已经活动的光路的QoT不足而造成的阻塞。通过数值模拟,将CIA-MCSA的性能与其他作者提出的五种算法进行了比较,考虑到两种不同的网络拓扑、异构流量需求和不同级别的核间串扰。结果表明,与其他最具竞争力的算法相比,(i)CIA-MCSA实现了至少33.87%的请求阻塞概率的平均降低;(ii)CIA-MCSA实现带宽阻塞概率的平均降低至少20.74%;以及(iii)CIA-MCSA将网络频谱利用率提高至少3.04%。
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引用次数: 0
A routing modulation and spectrum assignment algorithm for semi-filterless elastic optical networks 一种半无滤波器弹性光网络的路由调制和频谱分配算法
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2023.100764
Junling Yuan , Xuhong Li , Qikun Zhang , Jing Zhang , Suping Li

Development of 5G/F5G technology leads to massive applications accessing to backbone networks, which requires the backbone networks to be upgraded. Semi-filterless elastic optical network (semi-FEON) is a suitable technology to cheaply and gradually upgrade backbone networks. In semi-FEON, routing, modulation and spectrum assignment (RMSA) problem is one of the key issues. In this paper, we study the dynamic RMSA problem in semi-FEON and propose an RMSA algorithm. The algorithm includes three innovations: a K-shortest-subnet-paths (KSSP) algorithm is designed to search candidate paths in semi-FEON, a load-balancing-least-resources (LBLR) policy is introduced to re-sort the candidate paths, and a maximum-occupied-neighbors (MON) rule is proposed to assign spectrum resources to connection requests in semi-FEON. Simulation results show that the proposed KSSP-LBLR-MON algorithm outperforms the existing works in term of bandwidth blocking probability. Concretely, the improvement ratio is greater than 59.98% and 66.64% in German-Net and Henan-Net, respectively.

5G/F5G技术的发展导致大量应用接入骨干网络,这需要对骨干网络进行升级。半无滤波器弹性光网络(Semi-FEON)是一种适合廉价、逐步升级骨干网络的技术。在半FEON中,路由、调制和频谱分配(RMSA)问题是关键问题之一。本文研究了半FEON中的动态RMSA问题,并提出了一种RMSA算法。该算法包括三个创新:设计了一种K-shortest-subnet-paths(KSSP)算法来搜索半FEON中的候选路径,引入了负载平衡最小资源(LBLR)策略来对候选路径进行重新排序,并提出了一种最大占用邻居(MON)规则来为半FEON的连接请求分配频谱资源。仿真结果表明,所提出的KSSP-LBLR-MON算法在带宽阻塞概率方面优于现有算法。具体来说,德国网和河南网的改进率分别大于59.98%和66.64%。
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引用次数: 0
Protection Techniques using Resource Delayed Release for SDN-based OTN over WDM Networks WDM网络上基于sdn的OTN资源延迟释放保护技术
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2023.100762
Shideh Yavary Mehr , Byrav Ramamurthy

The availability and reliability of optical backbone links are very important to ensure the efficient operation of the Internet. To address the issue of data loss due to optical link failures, there is a need for an optimal recovery strategy so that the traffic can be rerouted on a backup path to the destination. This paper builds on top of our prior research efforts (Yavary Mehr et al., 2022; Zhou et al., 2017) which introduced the concept of Resource Delayed Release (RDR) by adding a new state called ”idle state” which begins when the channel has completed carrying its services so that the next request can be carried immediately instead of waiting for a new channel to be established. While RDR improves the network performance by reducing the service provisioning time and blocking probability, it does not handle link failures which are quite common in optical networks. Therefore, enhancing RDR with protection strategies will make the network more reliable and thus we investigate this topic in this work.

In this paper, we evaluate four different protection methods for single link failure recovery in WDM networks (Path Protection (PP), Partial Path Protection (PPP), Segment Protection (SegP) and Link Protection (LP)) with two different routing approaches namely Shortest Path (SPath) and Greedy (G) algorithm under uniform and non-uniform traffic generated using real traffic traces collected from a local Internet Service Provider (ISP). Special attention while evaluating these protection strategies was paid to the optimization of the amount of remaining bandwidth. The performance evaluation of the network under uniform and non-uniform traffic was done over the NSFNet and COST239 topologies by employing the metrics of link and network utilization, Blocking Probability (BP), Bandwidth Blocking Probability (BBP), Recovery Time (RT) and Service Provisioning Time (SPT). Our results show that the PPP method performs the best in terms of reducing BP, BBP, and SPT compared with PP, LP, and SegP in all three topologies while utilizing RDR.

光骨干链路的可用性和可靠性对于确保互联网的高效运行非常重要。为了解决由于光链路故障导致的数据丢失问题,需要一种最佳的恢复策略,以便可以在备份路径上将流量重新路由到目的地。本文建立在我们先前研究工作的基础上(Yavary-Mehr et al.,2022;Zhou et al.,2017),该研究通过添加一种称为“空闲状态”的新状态引入了资源延迟释放(RDR)的概念,该状态在信道完成承载其服务时开始,以便可以立即承载下一个请求,而不是等待建立新的信道。虽然RDR通过减少服务提供时间和阻塞概率来提高网络性能,但它不能处理在光网络中很常见的链路故障。因此,通过保护策略来增强RDR将使网络更加可靠,因此我们在本工作中对此进行了研究。本文评估了WDM网络中四种不同的单链路故障恢复保护方法(路径保护(PP)、部分路径保护(PPP)、,分段保护(SegP)和链路保护(LP)),具有两种不同的路由方法,即在使用从本地互联网服务提供商(ISP)收集的真实流量跟踪生成的均匀和非均匀流量下的最短路径(SPath)和贪婪(G)算法。在评估这些保护策略时,特别注意剩余带宽的优化。通过采用链路和网络利用率、阻塞概率(BP)、带宽阻塞概率(BBP)、恢复时间(RT)和服务提供时间(SPT)等指标,在NSFNet和COST239拓扑结构上对均匀和非均匀流量下的网络性能进行了评估。我们的结果表明,与PP、LP和SegP相比,在使用RDR的所有三种拓扑中,PPP方法在降低BP、BBP和SPT方面表现最好。
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引用次数: 0
RAMP: A flat nanosecond optical network and MPI operations for distributed deep learning systems RAMP:用于分布式深度学习系统的扁平纳秒光网络和MPI操作
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2023.100761
Alessandro Ottino, Joshua Benjamin , Georgios Zervas

Distributed deep learning (DDL) systems strongly depend on network performance. Current electronic packet switched (EPS) network architectures and technologies suffer from variable diameter topologies, low-bisection bandwidth and over-subscription affecting completion time of communication and collective operations. We introduce a near-exascale, full-bisection bandwidth, all-to-all, single-hop, all-optical network architecture with nanosecond reconfiguration called RAMP, which supports large-scale distributed and parallel computing systems (12.8 Tbps per node for up to 65,536 nodes). For the first time, a custom RAMP-x MPI strategy and a network transcoder is proposed to run MPI collective operations across the optical circuit switched (OCS) network in a schedule-less and contention-less manner. RAMP achieves 7.6-171× speed-up in completion time across all MPI operations compared to realistic EPS and OCS counterparts. It can also deliver a 1.3-16× and 7.8-58× reduction in Megatron and DLRM training time respectively while offering 38-47× and 6.4-26.5× improvement in energy consumption and cost respectively.

分布式深度学习(DDL)系统在很大程度上依赖于网络性能。当前的电子分组交换(EPS)网络架构和技术受到可变直径拓扑、低平分带宽和过度订阅的影响,影响通信和集体操作的完成时间。我们介绍了一种近六倍、全平分带宽、全对所有、单跳、具有纳秒重配置的全光网络架构,称为RAMP,它支持大规模分布式和并行计算系统(最多65536个节点,每个节点12.8 Tbps)。首次提出了一种定制的RAMP-x MPI策略和网络转码器,以无调度和无争用的方式在光电路交换(OCS)网络上运行MPI集体操作。与现实的EPS和OCS相比,RAMP在所有MPI操作中的完成时间提高了7.6-171倍。它还可以将威震天和DLRM的训练时间分别减少1.3-16倍和7.8-58倍,同时在能耗和成本方面分别提高38-47倍和6.4-26.5倍。
{"title":"RAMP: A flat nanosecond optical network and MPI operations for distributed deep learning systems","authors":"Alessandro Ottino,&nbsp;Joshua Benjamin ,&nbsp;Georgios Zervas","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2023.100761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2023.100761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Distributed deep learning (DDL) systems strongly depend on network performance. Current electronic packet switched (EPS) network architectures and technologies suffer from variable diameter topologies, low-bisection bandwidth and over-subscription affecting completion time of communication and collective operations. We introduce a near-exascale, full-bisection bandwidth, all-to-all, single-hop, all-optical </span>network architecture<span><span> with nanosecond reconfiguration called RAMP, which supports large-scale distributed and parallel computing systems (12.8 Tbps per node for up to 65,536 nodes). For the first time, a custom RAMP-x </span>MPI strategy and a network transcoder is proposed to run MPI collective operations across the optical circuit switched (OCS) network in a schedule-less and contention-less manner. RAMP achieves 7.6-171</span></span><span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> speed-up in completion time across all MPI operations compared to realistic EPS and OCS counterparts. It can also deliver a 1.3-16<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> and 7.8-58<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> reduction in Megatron and DLRM training time respectively while offering 38-47<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> and 6.4-26.5<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> improvement in energy consumption and cost respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49760630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Traffic grooming for massive light-path blockages in D2D-enabled hybrid LiFi and WiFi networks 在支持d2d的混合LiFi和WiFi网络中,针对大量光路阻塞的流量疏导
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2023.100754
Xiaoqi Wang, Chaoqin Gan, Shibao Wu, Yitong Chen, Yixin Chen

Hybrid light-fidelity (LiFi) and wireless-fidelity (WiFi) networks (HLWNets) provide a promising solution for the future indoor wireless communications. This network structure faces the challenge of traffic congestion since LiFi links are prone to be blocked due to angular misalignment and path obstruction while WiFi has limited capacity. In this paper, a novel network structure that enables device-to-device (D2D) technology in HLWNets is considered. Then, traffic grooming (TG) for D2D-enabled HLWNets with massive light-path blockages is researched. By jointly handling mode selection, user pairing, and resource allocation, TG is formulated as a joint optimization problem. This can efficiently groom low-speed connections from WiFi onto high-capacity LiFi when massive light-path blockages occur, thus increasing network throughput. Next, a three-stage heuristic TG algorithm is developed to reduce the computational complexity required to solve the optimization problem. Finally, by simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated. The simulation results indicate that the network throughput can be increased by up to 20% with the proposed algorithm. Besides, the proposed algorithm also has significant advantages in terms of Jain's fairness index and user satisfaction.

混合光保真(LiFi)和无线保真(WiFi)网络(HLWNets)为未来的室内无线通信提供了一种很有前途的解决方案。这种网络结构面临着流量拥塞的挑战,因为在WiFi容量有限的情况下,LiFi链路容易由于角度不对准和路径阻塞而被阻塞。本文考虑了一种新的网络结构,该结构能够在HLWNet中实现设备对设备(D2D)技术。然后,研究了具有大量光路阻塞的D2D启用HLWNet的流量疏导(TG)。通过联合处理模式选择、用户配对和资源分配,TG被公式化为一个联合优化问题。当出现大规模光路堵塞时,这可以有效地将WiFi的低速连接培养到高容量LiFi上,从而提高网络吞吐量。接下来,开发了一种三阶段启发式TG算法,以降低解决优化问题所需的计算复杂度。最后,通过仿真验证了该算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,该算法可以使网络吞吐量提高20%。此外,该算法在Jain的公平指数和用户满意度方面也具有显著优势。
{"title":"Traffic grooming for massive light-path blockages in D2D-enabled hybrid LiFi and WiFi networks","authors":"Xiaoqi Wang,&nbsp;Chaoqin Gan,&nbsp;Shibao Wu,&nbsp;Yitong Chen,&nbsp;Yixin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2023.100754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2023.100754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Hybrid light-fidelity (LiFi) and wireless-fidelity (WiFi) networks (HLWNets) provide a promising solution for the future indoor wireless communications<span><span>. This network structure faces the challenge of traffic congestion since LiFi links are prone to be blocked due to angular misalignment<span> and path obstruction while WiFi has limited capacity. In this paper, a novel network structure that enables device-to-device (D2D) technology in HLWNets is considered. Then, traffic grooming (TG) for D2D-enabled HLWNets with massive light-path blockages is researched. By jointly handling mode selection, user pairing, and resource allocation, TG is formulated as a joint </span></span>optimization problem. This can efficiently groom low-speed connections from WiFi onto high-capacity LiFi when massive light-path blockages occur, thus increasing network throughput. Next, a three-stage heuristic TG algorithm is developed to reduce the </span></span>computational complexity<span> required to solve the optimization problem. Finally, by simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated. The simulation results indicate that the network throughput can be increased by up to 20% with the proposed algorithm. Besides, the proposed algorithm also has significant advantages in terms of Jain's fairness index and user satisfaction.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49754128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Optical Switching and Networking
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