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Explosives leaking from dumped munition contaminate fish from German coastal waters: a reason for chronic effects? 倾弃弹药泄漏的爆炸物污染了德国沿海水域的鱼类:造成慢性影响的原因?
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00942-5
Ulrike Kammann, Verena Töpker, Nicole Schmidt, Marcellus Rödiger, Marc-Oliver Aust, Michael Gabel, Jörn Peter Scharsack

Background

Conventional munition dumped into the North Sea and the Baltic Sea close to the German coastline is corroding. A major concern is that biota, including fish, are negatively affected by toxic explosives leaking into marine environments. With the present study, we investigated fish living in close proximity to munition dumping sites for contamination and for signs of health impairments. The flat fish species common dab (Limanda limanda) was used as a model, since it lives in the vicinity of dumping sites and exhibits minor migratory activity. Since explosives are excreted via the bile, the bile fluids from dab were analysed. Further on we inspected the health status of the fish.

Results

Dab caught in German coastal waters of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea were contaminated with explosives. Probably due to rapid metabolization, concentrations of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were always below limit of detection, but its metabolites 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene were detected in bile fluid up to 26.36 ng/ml and 95.91 ng/ml, respectively. Only few fish from the Baltic Sea were positive for the explosive HMX, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine with a maximum concentration of 0.89 ng/ml. Highest concentrations of TNT metabolites in bile fluid were detected in dab collected near the dumping site “Kolberger Heide” in the bay of Kiel (Baltic Sea). However, also dab from the North Sea were significantly contaminated with TNT metabolites.

Conclusions

The present study showed for the first time that fish living close to near shore munition dumping sites in the North Sea are contaminated with explosives. Various health indicators (body condition factors, externally visible fish diseases, parasites or liver anomalies) showed differences in health status between fish living in the North Sea and in the Baltic Sea, respectively. However, the health status of fish caught at the most contaminated site in the Baltic Sea was not worse compared to fish living in less contaminated areas. We conclude that fish living in the vicinity of dumping sites in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea can be significantly contaminated with explosives. However, obvious health impairments of the fish were not observed.

背景倾入北海和波罗的海靠近德国海岸线的常规弹药正在腐蚀。包括鱼类在内的生物群会受到泄漏到海洋环境中的有毒爆炸物的负面影响,这是一个令人担忧的主要问题。在本研究中,我们调查了生活在弹药倾弃场附近的鱼类是否受到污染以及健康受损的迹象。我们以生活在弹药倾弃场附近的扁平鱼类普通鳕(Limanda limanda)为模型,因为这种鱼类的洄游活动较少。由于爆炸物会通过胆汁排出体外,因此我们对达布鱼的胆汁液进行了分析。结果 在波罗的海和北海的德国沿海水域捕获的达比鱼受到了爆炸物的污染。可能由于代谢迅速,炸药 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)的浓度始终低于检测限,但其代谢物 2-氨基-4,6-二硝基甲苯和 4-氨基-2,6-二硝基甲苯在胆汁液中的检测浓度分别高达 26.36 纳克/毫升和 95.91 纳克/毫升。只有少数波罗的海鱼类对爆炸物 HMX、八氢-1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四佐辛呈阳性反应,最高浓度为 0.89 纳克/毫升。在基尔海湾(波罗的海)"Kolberger Heide "倾倒场附近采集的粪便中检测到胆汁液中TNT代谢物浓度最高。结论本研究首次表明,生活在北海近岸弹药倾弃场附近的鱼类受到了爆炸物的污染。各种健康指标(身体状况因素、外部可见的鱼病、寄生虫或肝脏异常)显示,生活在北海和波罗的海的鱼类的健康状况存在差异。不过,与生活在污染较轻地区的鱼类相比,在波罗的海污染最严重地区捕获的鱼类的健康状况并不差。我们的结论是,生活在北海和波罗的海倾倒场附近的鱼类可能受到爆炸物的严重污染。不过,并未观察到鱼类的健康受到明显损害。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of atrazine contamination in the Sele River estuary: spatial distribution, human health risks, and ecological implications in Southern Europe 塞勒河河口阿特拉津污染评估:南欧的空间分布、人类健康风险和生态影响
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00941-6
Elvira De Rosa, Paolo Montuori, Fabiana Di Duca, Bruna De Simone, Stefano Scippa, Raffaele Nubi, Donatella Paola Provvisiero, Immacolata Russo, Maria Triassi

Background

Overuse of pesticides is a major worldwide problem for the environment and human health. Atrazine (ATR) is a synthetic triazine herbicide that is typically used to manage crops and although it was banned many years ago, it was detected frequently with a high persistence in the aquatic environments. This study assesses the human and environment health risks, temporal patterns and spatial distribution of ATR and its degradation products (DPs) in the Sele River estuary within the Southern European context.. It specifically investigates their occurrence in the water dissolved phase (WDP), suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment.

Results

Sampling was conducted across 10 sites throughout the year’s four seasons. Amounts of ATR and its DPs detected ranged from 20.1 to 96.5 ng L−1 in WDP, from 5.4 to 60.2 ng L−1 in SPM, and from 4.7 to 19.8 ng g−1 in sediment samples, signifying some pollution levels. Spatial distribution mechanisms revealed a southward movement of ATR and its DPs pollution from the Sele River mouth, intensifying during the rainy season. In this study area, a risk evaluation was also carried out. No sample contained ATR or its DPs in concentrations above the recommended limits, which pose a Non-carcinogenic and Carcinogenic risk. The environmental risk was low. Additionally, the determined Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) value was within the allowable range.

Conclusion

Despite its long-standing prohibition, this study investigate ATR levels in the water and sediments of Sele River in Southern Europe. Beyond simply delineating the pollution status of Sele River, this research delineates its ecological repercussions on the Thyrrenian Sea, providing essential data for norms and laws related to water contamination.

Graphical Abstract

背景杀虫剂的过度使用是影响环境和人类健康的一个重大全球性问题。阿特拉津(ATR)是一种合成三嗪类除草剂,通常用于管理农作物,虽然多年前就已被禁用,但在水生环境中仍经常被检测到,且具有很高的持久性。这项研究评估了南欧塞勒河河口 ATR 及其降解产物(DPs)对人类和环境造成的健康风险、时间模式和空间分布。结果在一年四季的 10 个地点进行了采样。在水溶相(WDP)中检测到的 ATR 及其 DPs 的含量为 20.1 至 96.5 纳克/升,在悬浮颗粒物(SPM)中检测到的 ATR 及其 DPs 的含量为 5.4 至 60.2 纳克/升,在沉积物样品中检测到的 ATR 及其 DPs 的含量为 4.7 至 19.8 纳克/克,表明污染程度达到了一定程度。空间分布机制揭示了 ATR 及其 DPs 污染从 Sele 河口向南移动,并在雨季加剧。在该研究区域还进行了风险评估。样本中的 ATR 或其二磷酸浓度均未超过建议限值,因此不存在致癌和致癌风险。环境风险较低。此外,确定的增量终生致癌风险 (ILCR) 值也在允许范围之内。这项研究不仅描绘了塞勒河的污染状况,还描绘了其对蒂勒尼安海的生态影响,为与水污染相关的规范和法律提供了重要数据。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond target chemicals: updating the NORMAN prioritisation scheme to support the EU chemicals strategy with semi-quantitative suspect/non-target screening data 目标化学品之外:更新 NORMAN 优先排序计划,利用半定量可疑/非目标筛选数据支持欧盟化学品战略
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00936-3
Valeria Dulio, Nikiforos Alygizakis, Kelsey Ng, Emma L. Schymanski, Sandrine Andres, Katrin Vorkamp, Juliane Hollender, Saskia Finckh, Reza Aalizadeh, Lutz Ahrens, Elodie Bouhoulle, Ľuboš Čirka, Anja Derksen, Geneviève Deviller, Anja Duffek, Mar Esperanza, Stellan Fischer, Qiuguo Fu, Pablo Gago-Ferrero, Peter Haglund, Marion Junghans, Stefan A. E. Kools, Jan Koschorreck, Benjamin Lopez, Miren Lopez de Alda, Giuseppe Mascolo, Cécile Miège, Leonard Osté, Simon O’Toole, Pawel Rostkowski, Tobias Schulze, Kerry Sims, Laetitia Six, Jaroslav Slobodnik, Pierre-François Staub, Gerard Stroomberg, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Anne Togola, Giorgio Tomasi, Peter C. von der Ohe

Background

Prioritisation of chemical pollutants is a major challenge for environmental managers and decision-makers alike, which is essential to help focus the limited resources available for monitoring and mitigation actions on the most relevant chemicals. This study extends the original NORMAN prioritisation scheme beyond target chemicals, presenting the integration of semi-quantitative data from retrospective suspect screening and expansion of existing exposure and risk indicators. The scheme utilises data retrieved automatically from the NORMAN Database System (NDS), including candidate substances for prioritisation, target and suspect screening data, ecotoxicological effect data, physico-chemical data and other properties. Two complementary workflows using target and suspect screening monitoring data are applied to first group the substances into six action categories and then rank the substances using exposure, hazard and risk indicators. The results from the ‘target’ and ‘suspect screening’ workflows can then be combined as multiple lines of evidence to support decision-making on regulatory and research actions.

Results

As a proof-of-concept, the new scheme was applied to a combined dataset of target and suspect screening data. To this end, > 65,000 substances on the NDS, of which 2579 substances supported by target wastewater monitoring data, were retrospectively screened in 84 effluent wastewater samples, totalling > 11 million data points. The final prioritisation results identified 677 substances as high priority for further actions, 7455 as medium priority and 326 with potentially lower priority for actions. Among the remaining substances, ca. 37,000 substances should be considered of medium priority with uncertainty, while it was not possible to conclude for 19,000 substances due to insufficient information from target monitoring and uncertainty in the identification from suspect screening. A high degree of agreement was observed between the categories assigned via target analysis and suspect screening-based prioritisation. Suspect screening was a valuable complementary approach to target analysis, helping to prioritise thousands of substances that are insufficiently investigated in current monitoring programmes.

Conclusions

This updated prioritisation workflow responds to the increasing use of suspect screening techniques. It can be adapted to different environmental compartments and can support regulatory obligations, including the identification of specific pollutants in river basins and the marine environments, as well as the confirmation of environmental occurrence levels predicted by modelling tools.

Graphical Abstract

背景对环境管理者和决策者来说,化学污染物的优先排序是一项重大挑战,这对于将有限的监测和减排资源集中用于最相关的化学物质至关重要。本研究将最初的 NORMAN 优先排序方案扩展到目标化学品之外,介绍了从回顾性疑似筛选中获得的半定量数据的整合情况,以及现有暴露和风险指标的扩展情况。该方案利用从 NORMAN 数据库系统(NDS)中自动检索的数据,包括优先排序的候选物质、目标和可疑筛选数据、生态毒理效应数据、物理化学数据和其他属性。使用目标和可疑筛选监测数据的两个互补工作流程首先将物质分为六个行动类别,然后使用暴露、危害和风险指标对物质进行排序。然后,"目标 "和 "疑似筛选 "工作流程得出的结果可以合并为多种证据,为监管和研究行动的决策提供支持。结果 作为概念验证,新方案被应用于目标和疑似筛选数据的组合数据集。为此,在 84 个污水废水样本(共计 1,100 万个数据点)中对 NDS 中的 65,000 种物质进行了回顾性筛选,其中 2579 种物质得到了目标废水监测数据的支持。最终的优先排序结果确定 677 种物质为需要采取进一步行动的高优先级物质,7455 种物质为中等优先级物质,326 种物质的行动优先级可能较低。在剩余的物质中,约有 37,000 种物质应被视为中度优先且具有不确定性,而 19,000 种物质则由于目标监测信息不足和可疑筛选识别的不确定性而无法得出结论。通过目标分析和疑似筛选确定的优先级类别之间的一致性很高。疑似筛选是目标分析的重要补充方法,有助于对当前监测计划中调查不足的数千种物质进行优先排序。它可适用于不同的环境区划,并可支持监管义务,包括确定江河流域和海洋环境中的特定污染物,以及确认建模工具预测的环境出现水平。
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引用次数: 0
New strategy based on Hammerstein–Wiener and supervised machine learning for identification of treated wastewater salinization in Al-Hassa region, Saudi Arabia 基于哈默斯坦因-维纳和监督机器学习的新策略,用于识别沙特阿拉伯哈萨地区经处理的废水盐碱化情况
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00914-9
Syed Muzzamil Hussain Shah, Sani I. Abba, Mohamed A. Yassin, Dahiru U. Lawal, Farouq Aliyu, Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami, Haris U. Qureshi, Isam H. Aljundi, Hamza A. Asmaly, Saad Sh. Sammen, Miklas Scholz

The agricultural sector faces challenges in managing water resources efficiently, particularly in arid regions dealing with water scarcity. To overcome water stress, treated wastewater (TWW) is increasingly utilized for irrigation purpose to conserve available freshwater resources. There are several critical aspects affecting the suitability of TWW for irrigation including salinity which can have detrimental effects on crop yield and soil health. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel approach for TWW salinity prediction using artificial intelligent (AI) ensembled machine learning approach. In this regard, several water quality parameters of the TWW samples were collected through field investigation from the irrigation zones in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia, which were later assessed in the lab. The assessment involved measuring Temperature (T), pH, Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Salinity, through an Internet of Things (IoT) based system integrated with a real-time monitoring and a multiprobe device. Based on the descriptive statistics of the data and correlation obtained through the Pearson matrix, the models were formed for predicting salinity by using the Hammerstein-Wiener Model (HWM) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). The models’ performance was evaluated using several statistical indices including correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results revealed that the HWM-M3 model with its superior predictive capabilities achieved the best performance, with R2 values of 82% and 77% in both training and testing stages. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of AI-ensembled machine learning approach for accurate TWW salinity prediction, promoting the safe and efficient utilization of TWW for irrigation in water-stressed regions. The findings contribute to a growing body of research exploring AI applications for sustainable water management.

农业部门面临着有效管理水资源的挑战,尤其是在缺水的干旱地区。为了克服用水压力,人们越来越多地利用经过处理的废水(TWW)进行灌溉,以保护可用的淡水资源。影响废水灌溉适宜性的几个关键因素包括盐度,盐度会对作物产量和土壤健康产生不利影响。因此,本研究旨在利用人工智能(AI)集合机器学习方法,开发一种新型 TWW 水盐度预测方法。为此,通过实地调查从沙特阿拉伯 Al-Hassa 的灌溉区收集了 TWW 水样的几个水质参数,随后在实验室进行了评估。评估包括通过基于物联网(IoT)的系统测量温度(T)、pH 值、氧化还原电位(ORP)、电导率(EC)、总溶解固体(TDS)和盐度,该系统集成了实时监控和多探头设备。根据数据的描述性统计和通过皮尔逊矩阵获得的相关性,利用哈默斯坦-维纳模型(HWM)和支持向量回归(SVR)建立了盐度预测模型。利用相关系数 (R)、判定系数 (R2)、均方误差 (MSE) 和均方根误差 (RMSE) 等统计指标对模型的性能进行了评估。结果表明,HWM-M3 模型具有卓越的预测能力,在训练和测试阶段的 R2 值分别为 82% 和 77%,表现最佳。这项研究证明了人工智能机器学习方法在准确预测 TWW 含盐量方面的有效性,从而促进了缺水地区安全高效地利用 TWW 进行灌溉。这些研究结果为探索人工智能在可持续水资源管理中的应用的研究机构做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring the performance and maturity of the plastic recycling value chain system: implications and prospects 衡量塑料回收价值链系统的绩效和成熟度:影响和前景
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00937-2
Kunle Ibukun Olatayo, Paul T. Mativenga, Annlizé L. Marnewick

The sustainability of plastic materials and products requires the continuous improvement of the circular pathways for the material. A key strategy in the circularity of plastic is plastic recycling. Improving the circular pathways requires an understanding of the maturity level of the plastic recycling system. This study evaluated the maturity of the plastic recycling system in South Africa across the plastic value chain. Both secondary and primary data were collected, analysed and cross-validated. The results put the maturity of the country’s system at “Visionary” (Level 3) for the value chain stages of primary plastic production, product manufacturing and recycling, whereas waste generation, collection and handling, sorting and recyclate market were rated as “Structured” (Level 2). Furthermore, a set of initiatives to advance the maturity of the system to the desired level of “Connected and Dynamic” (Level 5) were identified. The paper provides a benchmark of performance and determines the stages of the system requiring additional attention. This is aimed at providing insight into policymaking to advance plastic recycling and circularity.

要实现塑料材料和产品的可持续发展,就必须不断改进材料的循环利用途径。塑料循环利用的一个关键战略是塑料回收。要改善循环途径,就必须了解塑料回收系统的成熟度。本研究评估了南非塑料价值链中塑料回收系统的成熟度。我们收集、分析并交叉验证了二手数据和原始数据。结果显示,南非在初级塑料生产、产品制造和回收利用等价值链阶段的系统成熟度为 "远见卓识"(3 级),而废物产生、收集和处理、分类和回收利用市场则被评为 "结构合理"(2 级)。此外,还确定了将系统成熟度提升到 "互联和动态"(5 级)理想水平的一系列举措。本文件提供了一个绩效基准,并确定了需要额外关注的系统阶段。其目的是为推动塑料回收和循环利用的政策制定提供见解。
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引用次数: 0
Regulating “forever chemicals”: social data are necessary for the successful implementation of the essential use concept 监管 "永久化学品":社会数据是成功实施必要用途概念的必要条件
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00930-9
Ellise Suffill, Mathew P. White, Sarah Hale, Sabine Pahl

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large class of synthetic compounds, many of which are persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT). The sheer number of PFAS makes a substance-by-substance based approach to regulating this group unfeasible. Given the known risks of many PFAS, a precautionary approach (i.e., the Essential Use Concept; EUC) has been called for, whereby any substance is assumed to be harmful and should be phased out, unless it is shown that: (a) the use of this substance is necessary for health and safety, or is critical for the functioning of society and (b) there are no available technically and economically feasible alternatives. While experts, including chemists and toxicologists, are well-placed to assess the second criteria, determining what is necessary for the “functioning of society” requires a wider consideration of societal beliefs and preferences and greater involvement of various interested and affected parties, especially those whose voices are less heard but may be most vulnerable. The aim of the current paper is to provide a preliminary framework and research agenda outlining why and at what points in the essential use decision-making process broader societal perspectives are required, and how such ‘social data’ can be collected. The ultimate goal is to improve chemicals management by supporting citizens in becoming more informed and engaged participants in relevant debates and policies, including in how to operationalise the EUC.

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)是一大类合成化合物,其中许多具有持久性、流动性和毒性(PMT)。由于 PFAS 种类繁多,因此采用逐个物质进行监管的方法并不可行。鉴于许多全氟辛烷磺酸的已知风险,人们呼吁采取一种预防性方法(即 "必要用途概念";EUC),据此假定任何物质都是有害的,应予以淘汰,除非有证据表明:(a) 该物质的使用对健康和安全是必要的,或对社会运转至关重要,(b) 没有技术和经济上可行的替代品。虽然包括化学家和毒理学家在内的专家完全有能力评估第二项标准,但要确定什么是 "社会运转 "所必需的,则需要更广泛地考虑社会信仰和偏好,并让各相关方和受影响方更多地参与进来,尤其是那些声音较少但可能最脆弱的群体。本文件旨在提供一个初步框架和研究议程,概述在基本使用决策过程中,为什么需要更广泛 的社会视角,以及在什么时候需要,以及如何收集此类 "社会数据"。最终目标是通过支持公民在相关辩论和政策中,包括在如何实施欧盟商会的问题上,变得更加知情和参与,从而改善化学品管理。
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引用次数: 0
Inventory of aqueous and sediment-associated organic pollutants released by the 2021 flood in the Vicht–Inde catchment, Germany 德国维希特-因德河流域 2021 年洪水释放的水体和沉积物相关有机污染物清单
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00925-6
Piero Bellanova, Jan Schwarzbauer, Klaus Reicherter

Background

The European flood that occurred between July 13th and 16th 2021, was a natural disaster that caused significant damage in Central European countries, including Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. This disaster resulted in the highest number of fatalities from a natural disaster in Germany during the twenty-first century, with over 180 people losing their lives and causing damages exceeding 30 bn€. The flood caused severe destruction in small mountainous river systems such as the Vicht and Inde rivers, particularly in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. In addition, the flood caused a significant release of pollutants, including old burdens from the former mining area of Stolberg.

Results

To assess the extent of pollution caused by the flood in the affected floodplains and urban areas, this study was conducted to inventorize organic contaminants identified through a non-target screening in water and sediment samples taken immediately after the disastrous flood event. In total, 56 individual contaminants were identified from the water samples, including substances derived from urban effluents, such as personal care products, cosmetics, odors, technical additives, pharmaceuticals and surfactants. The analysis of sediment samples revealed different types of environmentally hazardous contaminants, such as petrogenics, urban effluent and wastewater indicators, chlorinated industrial compounds, and pesticides. This diverse range of pollutants and their broad dispersion across various environments in the catchment is attributed to the dynamic nature of the flood.

Conclusion

The inventory of identified organic contaminants raises long-term environmental concerns and potential health implications for the flood-affected Vicht–Inde region.

背景2021 年 7 月 13 日至 16 日发生的欧洲洪灾是一场自然灾害,给德国、荷兰、比利时和卢森堡等中欧国家造成了重大损失。这场灾难造成德国 21 世纪自然灾害死亡人数最多,180 多人丧生,损失超过 300 亿欧元。洪水对维希特河和因德河等山区小河水系造成了严重破坏,尤其是在德国北莱茵-威斯特法伦州。为了评估洪水对受影响的洪泛区和城市地区造成的污染程度,本研究对灾难性洪水发生后立即采集的水和沉积物样本中通过非目标筛选确定的有机污染物进行了清点。从水样中总共鉴定出 56 种污染物,包括来自城市污水的物质,如个人护理产品、化妆品、气味、技术添加剂、药品和表面活性剂。对沉积物样本的分析则发现了不同类型的有害环境的污染物,如石油氮化物、城市污水和废水指标、氯化工业化合物和杀虫剂。污染物种类繁多且广泛散布于集水区的各种环境中,这归因于洪水的动态性质。
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引用次数: 0
Mixed response of trace element concentrations in fluvial sediments to a flash flood in a former mining area 河流沉积物中微量元素浓度对原采矿区山洪暴发的混合反应
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00926-5
Alexandra Weber, Frank Lehmkuhl

Background

Floods, especially flash floods, are the major transporting agent for fluvial sediments, whose pollution is a global concern. As floods result in the dispersion of and exposure to these sediments, a profound understanding of sedimentary dynamics during flood events and the related pollutant dispersion is of relevance. However, the characteristics of extreme flood events concerning pollutant dynamics are insufficiently known so far.

Results

In a Central European catchment impacted by intense industrial activities and former mining, over the course of five years, we surveyed six high-discharge events, five of them approx. bankfull discharge and one major flash flood event, supplemented by sampling of bank sediments. Fluvial sediments were analyzed for elemental composition by X-Ray fluorescence and for grain size distribution of the fine faction by laser diffraction. By applying a local enrichment factor, trace metal(loid) signatures in these sample sets were compared. Furthermore, Positive Matrix Factorization was used to investigate the trace metal(loid)s’ sources.

The sediments deposited by minor flooding had continual trace metal(loid) signatures. However, for the extreme event, significant divergencies arose and persisted for the following years: The enrichment of anthropogenically influenced elements increased, with a slowly decreasing trend in the subsequent two years. Naturally dominated metal(oid)s decrease in enrichment without indicating a return to original levels. In contrast, other elements were insensitive to the extreme event. Positive Matrix Factorization identified anthropogenic influences in elements originating from copper and lead processing and mining activities. Furthermore, bed sediments and a natural background factor were found to dominate the non-anthropogenically influenced metal(loid)s.

Conclusions

In between extreme events, winnowing processes slowly alter the elemental composition of bed sediments. The depletion of such sediments due to the flash flood proves catchment-wide flushing, which induces a natural resetting of the geochemical signals. This ability to renew is an integral part of resilience in fluvial systems. This mechanism is disturbed by industrial activities in floodplains. The exceptional flooding reaches infrastructure that is assumed to be safe and, therefore, unprotected. These additional sources can shift flood sediments’ trace metal(loid) signature, which has a long-lasting impact on the catchment sediments. However, the modifications depend on the flooding extent, possible emitters, and protection measures.

背景洪水,尤其是山洪,是河道沉积物的主要运输工具,而河道沉积物的污染是全球关注的问题。由于洪水会导致这些沉积物的扩散和暴露,因此深入了解洪水事件期间的沉积动力学以及相关的污染物扩散具有重要意义。结果 在中欧一个受激烈工业活动和前采矿业影响的集水区,我们用五年时间调查了六次高排水量事件,其中五次接近河岸满排水量,还有一次山洪暴发事件,并对河岸沉积物进行了取样。我们用 X 射线荧光分析了冲积物的元素组成,并用激光衍射分析了细颗粒的粒度分布。通过应用局部富集因子,对这些样本集中的痕量金属(loid)特征进行了比较。小洪水沉积的沉积物具有持续的痕量金属(loid)特征。小洪水沉积的沉积物具有持续的痕量金属(loid)特征,但在极端事件中,出现了明显的差异,并在随后几年中持续存在:受人类活动影响的元素富集增加,随后两年呈缓慢下降趋势。自然界占主导地位的金属元素富集度下降,但没有恢复到原来的水平。相比之下,其他元素对极端事件并不敏感。正矩阵因式分解确定了铜和铅加工及采矿活动对元素的人为影响。此外,还发现河床沉积物和自然背景因素在非人为影响的金属(loid)中占主导地位。山洪暴发造成的沉积物损耗证明了整个流域的冲刷,从而引起地球化学信号的自然重置。这种更新能力是河川系统恢复能力的一个组成部分。这一机制受到洪泛区工业活动的干扰。特殊的洪水会到达被认为是安全的基础设施,因此这些基础设施没有受到保护。这些额外的来源会改变洪水沉积物的痕量金属(loid)特征,从而对流域沉积物产生长期影响。不过,这种改变取决于洪水范围、可能的排放源和保护措施。
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引用次数: 0
Natures instead of nature—plural perceptions and representations of nature and its challenges for ecological transition: a systematic review of the scientific production 自然而非自然--对自然的多元认知和表述及其对生态转型的挑战:对科学成果的系统回顾
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00934-5
Diogo Guedes Vidal, Fátima Alves, Cristina Sá Valentim, Helena Freitas

Background

Recognizing nature and the environment as sociocultural constructions is critical to enhancing a transformational ecological change. This involves understanding their diverse sociocultural meanings and societal approaches and how these understandings affect equitable ecological transitions. We reviewed empirical studies and essays, categorizing 161 studies into three main categories: opposition, domination, and interdependencies, reflecting varying knowledge, power dynamics, cultures, and contexts. These studies aim to uncover how societies conceptualize, explain, and engage with nature and the environment, shaping society–nature relationships and influencing ecological transitions.

Results

This study underscores the diverse perceptions and representations of nature, from a controllable resource to an integrated web of life. Three main categories emerged: (i) nature against society, in a logic of opposition; (ii) nature subordinated to society, in a logic of domination, although integrated into society; and (iii) nature united with society, in a logic of interdependence. Thus, this study advocates discussing “natures” as sociocultural constructs, highlighting the plurality of social perceptions and representations, which can inform policies and challenge socio-political and socio-economic systems.

Conclusions

This review may pave the way to, first, give visibility and value that diversity and plurality as an instrument that can enrich policies and defy socio-political and socio-economic systems to change and, second, identify the main drivers and resistances that the implementation of an ecological transformation change may face in different sociocultural contexts.

背景认识到自然和环境是社会文化的建构,这对促进生态转型变革至关重要。这涉及到理解它们不同的社会文化含义和社会方法,以及这些理解如何影响公平的生态转型。我们回顾了实证研究和论文,将 161 项研究分为三大类:对立、支配和相互依存,反映了不同的知识、权力动态、文化和背景。这些研究旨在揭示社会如何对自然和环境进行概念化、解释并与之打交道,从而塑造社会与自然的关系并影响生态过渡。出现了三个主要类别:(i) 自然与社会对立,处于对立逻辑中;(ii) 自然从属于社会,处于支配逻辑中,尽管已融入社会;(iii) 自然与社会结合,处于相互依存逻辑中。因此,本研究主张将 "自然 "作为社会文化建构来讨论,强调社会认知和表述的多元性,这可以为政策提供依据,并对社会政治和社会经济制度提出挑战。结论 本综述可为以下两方面的工作铺平道路:首先,提高多样性和多元性的可见度和价值,将其作为一种工具,丰富政策内容,抵制社会政治和社会经济制度的变革;其次,确定在不同社会文化背景下实施生态转型变革可能面临的主要驱动力和阻力。
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引用次数: 0
Association of PM2.5 chemical constituents with general, abdominal and visceral obesity and mediation roles of physical activity PM2.5 化学成分与全身肥胖、腹部肥胖和内脏肥胖的关系以及体育锻炼的调解作用
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00935-4
Tingting Ye, Ying Shao, Changwei Cai, Yuchen Li, Bin Yu, Xu Qiao, Chuanteng Feng, Peng Jia, Shujuan Yang

Background

The association between exposure to PM2.5 chemical constituents and obesity remains to be elucidated, as most studies have used a single measure of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to PM2.5 chemical constituents with general, abdominal, and visceral obesity, and the mediation effect of physical activity (PA) in the associations.

Methods

Based on a total of 49,819 adults from the baseline of the Yunnan Behavior and Disease Surveillance cohort (YBDS) in southern China in 2021, we used multiple linear regression, weighted quantile sum regression, and quantile regression to estimate independent and joint effects of PM2.5 chemical constituents on elevated BMI, waist circumference (WC) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) and whether these effects changed in quantiles. Mediation analysis was used to examine whether physical activity acts as a mediator in these pathways.

Results

Per IQR μg/m3 increase in all PM2.5 chemical constituents was significantly associated with the elevated BMI (β [95% CI]: 0.170 [0.127, 0.214]), WC (0.316 [0.217, 0.415]) and VAI (0.102 [0.075, 0.129]), with the largest weights from OM (53.89, 81.67, and 89.82%, respectively). The effects of PM2.5 chemical constituents on obesity showed an overall upward trend from quantiles 1–4 of BMI, WC, and VAI, especially with a rapid upward trend from the sixth decile of VAI. Reduced PA mediated 3.16, 7.08, and 3.78% of the associations between PM2.5 chemical constituents and elevated BMI, WC, and VAI, respectively.

Conclusions

Exposure to PM2.5 chemical constituents, especially OM, was significantly associated with increased risks for obesity in adults. The effects of associations increased with obesity severity, with PA playing a mediation role.

背景 PM2.5化学成分暴露与肥胖之间的关系仍有待阐明,因为大多数研究使用的是单一的肥胖测量方法。本研究旨在探讨暴露于PM2.5化学成分与全身肥胖、腹部肥胖和内脏肥胖之间的关系,以及体育锻炼(PA)在这些关系中的中介作用。方法基于2021年中国南方云南行为与疾病监测队列(YBDS)基线的49 819名成年人,我们使用多元线性回归、加权量子和回归和量子回归来估计PM2.5化学成分对体重指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)和内脏脂肪指数(VAI)升高的独立效应和联合效应,以及这些效应是否随量子位数的变化而变化。结果 所有 PM2.5 化学成分中每 IQR μg/m3 的增加与 BMI 升高显著相关(β [95% CI]: 0.170[0.127,0.214])、WC(0.316[0.217,0.415])和 VAI(0.102[0.075,0.129])的升高明显相关,其中来自 OM 的权重最大(分别为 53.89%、81.67%和 89.82%)。PM2.5化学成分对肥胖的影响从BMI、WC和VAI的1-4分位数开始呈总体上升趋势,尤其是从VAI的第六个十分位数开始呈快速上升趋势。在PM2.5化学成分与BMI、WC和VAI升高的关联中,PA的减少分别起到了3.16%、7.08%和3.78%的中介作用。相关影响随着肥胖严重程度的增加而增加,而PA则起着调解作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental Sciences Europe
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