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In vitro effect-based monitoring of water, sediment and soil from a floodplain restoration site in Central Europe 基于体外效应的中欧洪泛平原恢复地水、沉积物和土壤监测
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00939-0
Nina Kuschik-Maczollek, Malte Glock, Markus Schmitz, Henner Hollert, Martin Krauss, Aleksandra Piotrowska, Werner Brack, Jörg Oehlmann

Background

Floodplains are biodiversity hotspots and provide numerous ecosystem services. In recent decades, however, 70–90% of Europe’s floodplains have been structurally degraded. Accordingly, many (inter-)national programs aim to restore and protect floodplain ecosystems. The success of such measures also depends on the chemical contamination, especially of floodplain soils and sediments, which serve as sinks and sources for a variety of pollutants. In this study, we assess the current ecotoxicological status of a floodplain restoration site along the Main River (Frankfurt am Main, Germany) and estimate its development potential with respect to the influence of a local industrial plant and potential legacy contaminations. We therefore use in vitro effect-based methods (EBMs) testing for baseline toxicity, mutagenicity, dioxin-like and estrogenic activities, coupled with chemical analysis.

Results

Of all water bodies analyzed, the overall toxicity was highest in two flood depressions. In the respective water phase, estrogenic activities exceeded the environmental quality standard and sediment samples were positive for all tested endpoints. Chemical analysis of these sediments revealed high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Soil samples from frequently flooded areas showed the highest mutagenic potential for both frameshift and point mutations with and without metabolic activation. The industrial effluent showed baseline toxic, mutagenic, and dioxin-like activities, that were highly diluted in the Main River. In turn, most of the sediment samples downstream of the industrial discharge showed significantly elevated baseline toxic, estrogenic and dioxin-like activities as well as increased chemical contamination.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, we rate the overall ecotoxicological status of a recently established tributary and groundwater-fed ponds as good, and identified two flood depressions near the Main River as hot spots of contamination. We assume that the observed mutagenicity in the floodplain soils is related to legacy contaminations from former aniline and azo dye production. In terms of the development potential of the floodplain restoration site, we emphasize considering the remobilization of pollutants from these soils and suppose that, in the long term, pollution of the Main River and the local industrial plant may negatively impact sediment quality in its tributaries. With this study, we confirmed the utility of in vitro EBMs for identifying chemically and ecotoxicologically relevant sites.

背景洪泛平原是生物多样性的热点地区,提供众多生态系统服务。然而,近几十年来,欧洲 70-90% 的洪泛平原在结构上已经退化。因此,许多(跨)国家计划旨在恢复和保护洪泛区生态系统。这些措施的成功与否还取决于化学污染情况,尤其是作为各种污染物汇和源的洪泛区土壤和沉积物的污染情况。在本研究中,我们评估了美因河(德国美因河畔法兰克福)沿岸一处洪泛区恢复点的生态毒理学现状,并根据当地一家工业厂房和潜在遗留污染的影响,估计了其发展潜力。因此,我们采用体外基于效应的方法(EBMs)对基线毒性、致突变性、二恶英类和雌激素活性进行测试,并结合化学分析。在相应的水相中,雌激素活性超过了环境质量标准,沉积物样本在所有测试终点中均呈阳性。对这些沉积物的化学分析显示,多环芳烃的浓度很高。来自经常被水淹没地区的土壤样本显示,无论是否有新陈代谢活化,框架转换突变和点突变的诱变潜力都最高。工业废水显示出基准毒性、致突变性和二恶英类活性,这些活性在主河中被高度稀释。结论根据这项研究的结果,我们将新近建成的支流和地下水池塘的总体生态毒理学状况评为良好,并确定主河附近的两个洪水洼地为污染热点。我们认为,在洪泛区土壤中观察到的诱变性与以前苯胺和偶氮染料生产中遗留的污染有关。就洪泛区恢复地点的发展潜力而言,我们强调考虑这些土壤中污染物的再移动,并假设从长远来看,主河和当地工业厂房的污染可能会对其支流的沉积物质量产生负面影响。通过这项研究,我们证实了体外 EBM 在确定化学和生态毒理学相关地点方面的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
The spatiotemporal profile and adaptation determine the joint effects and interactions of multiple stressors 时空分布和适应性决定了多种压力的共同影响和相互作用
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00945-2
Lucas Streib, Jurg W. Spaak, Marius Kloft, Ralf B. Schäfer
<h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Background</h3><p>Biodiversity is declining worldwide as ecosystems are increasingly threatened by multiple stressors associated with anthropogenic global change. Stressors frequently co-occur across scales spatially and temporally, resulting in joint effects that are additive or non-additive, i.e., antagonism or synergism. Forecasting and counteracting threats from intensifying stressors requires improved mechanistic understanding of joint effects, which is currently relatively low. To date, research on multiple stressors has been biased toward simplified scenarios, emphasized classification of interactions over realized joint effects, and mostly ignored adaptation (i.e., phenotypic plasticity or evolving life-history traits) of organisms. To investigate if more a realistic scenarios design incorporating complex spatiotemporal stressor profiles and adaption change joint effects and interactions of multiple stressors compared to simplified scenarios, we modified a spatially explicit meta-population model for a generic freshwater insect. We used the model to simulate different, hypothetical spatiotemporal profiles of a continuous and a discrete stressor and evaluated their joint effects and interactions. Agricultural land use represented the continuous stressor impacting meta-population patch quality and network connectivity and related scenarios implied different trajectories. Climatic events represented the discrete stressor impacting all patches simultaneously by temporary mortality events, with related scenarios implying different event severity. Adaptation mitigated the effects of climatic events based on previous events.</p><h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Results</h3><p>Excluding adaptation, we found that at higher levels of the discrete stressor (i.e., strong and frequent climatic events) it strongly dominates the joint effects, while at a low level (i.e., weak and infrequent climatic events) of the discrete stressor, the continuous stressor (i.e., land use) dominates. Yet, the continuous stressor always defined the interaction type, with decreasing land use stress leading to antagonism, and increasing land use stress leading to synergism. Adaptation reduced joint effects under decreasing land use stress, yet had little compensatory influence under increasing land use stress. Moreover, adaptation changed interaction sizes inconsistently across the different land use and climate scenarios, with change depending on the climate scenario. Here, interactions decreased in the moderate scenario but increased in the severe and intense scenarios.</p><h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Conclusions</h3><p>We highlight that realistic stressor scenarios accounting for potential adaptation are critical for a mechanistic understanding of how species respond to global change. To our knowledge, this is the first modeling study to show that stressor interactions depend on complex spatiotemporal stressor profiles and
背景随着生态系统日益受到与人为全球变化相关的多种压力因素的威胁,全球范围内的生物多样性正在下降。压力源经常在不同时空尺度上同时出现,从而产生相加或非相加的联合效应,即拮抗或协同效应。要预测和抵御日益加剧的压力源所带来的威胁,就必须提高对联合效应的机理认识,而目前对联合效应的认识还相对较少。迄今为止,有关多重压力源的研究都偏向于简化情景,强调相互作用的分类而不是实现联合效应,而且大多忽视了生物的适应性(即表型可塑性或不断演化的生命史特征)。为了研究与简化情景相比,包含复杂时空应激源概况和适应性的更现实情景设计是否会改变多种应激源的联合效应和相互作用,我们修改了一种一般淡水昆虫的空间显式元种群模型。我们利用该模型模拟了一个连续和一个离散压力源的不同假设时空分布,并评估了它们的共同效应和相互作用。农业用地的使用代表了影响元种群斑块质量和网络连通性的连续性压力源,相关情景意味着不同的轨迹。气候事件是离散的压力源,通过暂时性死亡事件同时影响所有斑块,相关情景意味着不同的事件严重程度。结果我们发现,在离散压力源水平较高(即气候事件强烈且频繁)时,离散压力源在联合效应中占主导地位;而在离散压力源水平较低(即气候事件较弱且不频繁)时,连续压力源(即土地利用)则占主导地位。然而,连续应激源始终决定着相互作用的类型,土地利用应激源的减少会导致拮抗作用,而土地利用应激源的增加则会导致协同作用。在土地利用压力减小的情况下,适应性降低了联合效应,但在土地利用压力增大的情况下,适应性几乎没有补偿性影响。此外,在不同的土地利用和气候情景下,适应对相互作用大小的改变并不一致,其变化取决于气候情景。我们强调,考虑到潜在适应的现实压力情景对于从机制上理解物种如何应对全球变化至关重要。据我们所知,这是首次建模研究表明,压力因子的相互作用取决于复杂的压力因子时空分布和适应性,并遵循了一般原则。
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引用次数: 0
Chronic effects of commercial pesticide preparations on biomarkers and reproductive success in earthworm Eisenia andrei 商业杀虫剂制剂对蚯蚓生物标志物和繁殖成功率的慢性影响
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00940-7
Željka Lončarić, Carina Lackmann, Dora Bjedov, Antonio Šimić, Sandra Ečimović, Thomas-Benjamin Seiler, Henner Hollert, Mirna Velki

Chemical pollution resulting from pesticide usage has been a continuous issue since the 1960s, despite comprehensive European Union legislation designed to safeguard human health and the environment from the adverse effects of pesticides. While regulatory risk assessments primarily focus on the active ingredients, recent research indicates ecotoxicological impacts of commercial preparations on non-target organisms, particularly within the soil ecosystem where key species such as earthworms play a vital role in maintaining soil quality and fertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was the assessment of the long-term effects of the following respective commercial preparations: the insecticides Sumialfa (esfenvalerate) and Calypso (thiacloprid), as well as the herbicides Frontier (dimethenamid-p) and Filon (prosulfocarb) on the earthworm Eisenia andrei in standardized soil during long-term exposures of 7, 14, and 28 days. To study the possible effects on different levels of biological organization, enzymatic biomarkers: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES) glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx); non-enzymatic biomarkers: multixenobiotic resistance activity (MXR), levels of glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reproductive success were investigated. While Calypso appeared to be the least toxic substance, all pesticides showed significant effect on multiobiomarker response in E. fetida. That being said, the response of MXR activity was significantly altered by all tested pesticides indicating MXR being the most sensitive endpoint of the present research. Recovery of MXR was observed after 28 days, however, only in case of exposure to Filon, while the recovery of CAT activity was recorded after 28 days as well, subsequent to Sumialfa exposure. Reproductive success was negatively impacted regarding the Frontier and Sumialfa exposure at the highest concentration (100 mg/kg) reflected in reduced number of cocoons, while only the exposure to Frontier (100 mg/kg) reduced the number of juveniles. Based on the results, it is important to include commercial pesticide formulations in pesticide risk assessments. The toxicity classifications of the studied pesticides suggest the potential detrimental consequences to the key soil species in terrestrial ecosystems at various concentrations. Future studies should include other soil species as well as investigation of higher levels of biological organization, i.e., behavioral endpoints, to determine the potential risks to terrestrial ecosystems.

自 20 世纪 60 年代以来,尽管欧盟制定了旨在保护人类健康和环境免受杀虫剂不利影响的全面立法,但使用杀虫剂造成的化学污染一直是个问题。虽然监管风险评估主要集中在活性成分上,但最近的研究表明,商业制剂会对非目标生物产生生态毒理学影响,特别是在土壤生态系统中,蚯蚓等关键物种在维持土壤质量和肥力方面发挥着至关重要的作用。因此,本研究的目的是评估以下相应商业制剂的长期影响:杀虫剂 Sumialfa(esfenvalerate)和 Calypso(thiacloprid),以及除草剂 Frontier(dimethenamid-p)和 Filon(prosulfocarb),在 7、14 和 28 天的长期接触过程中对标准化土壤中蚯蚓 Eisenia andrei 的影响。为了研究它们对不同生物组织水平可能产生的影响,研究了酶生物标志物:乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、羧基酯酶(CES)、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx);非酶生物标志物:多氧生物抗性活性(MXR)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平、活性氧(ROS)以及繁殖成功率。虽然 Calypso 似乎是毒性最小的物质,但所有农药都对 E. fetida 的多生物标志物反应有显著影响。尽管如此,MXR 活性在所有测试农药的作用下都发生了显著变化,这表明 MXR 是本研究中最敏感的终点。28 天后观察到 MXR 恢复,但仅在接触 Filon 的情况下,而在接触 Sumialfa 后,CAT 活性也在 28 天后恢复。接触最高浓度(100 毫克/千克)的菲龙和苏米尔法会对繁殖成功率产生负面影响,表现为蚕茧数量减少,而只有接触菲龙(100 毫克/千克)才会减少幼虫数量。根据研究结果,将商业农药制剂纳入农药风险评估非常重要。所研究农药的毒性分类表明,不同浓度的农药可能会对陆地生态系统中的主要土壤物种造成危害。未来的研究应包括其他土壤物种以及对更高层次的生物组织(即行为终点)进行调查,以确定其对陆地生态系统的潜在风险。
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引用次数: 0
Explosives leaking from dumped munition contaminate fish from German coastal waters: a reason for chronic effects? 倾弃弹药泄漏的爆炸物污染了德国沿海水域的鱼类:造成慢性影响的原因?
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00942-5
Ulrike Kammann, Verena Töpker, Nicole Schmidt, Marcellus Rödiger, Marc-Oliver Aust, Michael Gabel, Jörn Peter Scharsack

Background

Conventional munition dumped into the North Sea and the Baltic Sea close to the German coastline is corroding. A major concern is that biota, including fish, are negatively affected by toxic explosives leaking into marine environments. With the present study, we investigated fish living in close proximity to munition dumping sites for contamination and for signs of health impairments. The flat fish species common dab (Limanda limanda) was used as a model, since it lives in the vicinity of dumping sites and exhibits minor migratory activity. Since explosives are excreted via the bile, the bile fluids from dab were analysed. Further on we inspected the health status of the fish.

Results

Dab caught in German coastal waters of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea were contaminated with explosives. Probably due to rapid metabolization, concentrations of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were always below limit of detection, but its metabolites 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene were detected in bile fluid up to 26.36 ng/ml and 95.91 ng/ml, respectively. Only few fish from the Baltic Sea were positive for the explosive HMX, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine with a maximum concentration of 0.89 ng/ml. Highest concentrations of TNT metabolites in bile fluid were detected in dab collected near the dumping site “Kolberger Heide” in the bay of Kiel (Baltic Sea). However, also dab from the North Sea were significantly contaminated with TNT metabolites.

Conclusions

The present study showed for the first time that fish living close to near shore munition dumping sites in the North Sea are contaminated with explosives. Various health indicators (body condition factors, externally visible fish diseases, parasites or liver anomalies) showed differences in health status between fish living in the North Sea and in the Baltic Sea, respectively. However, the health status of fish caught at the most contaminated site in the Baltic Sea was not worse compared to fish living in less contaminated areas. We conclude that fish living in the vicinity of dumping sites in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea can be significantly contaminated with explosives. However, obvious health impairments of the fish were not observed.

背景倾入北海和波罗的海靠近德国海岸线的常规弹药正在腐蚀。包括鱼类在内的生物群会受到泄漏到海洋环境中的有毒爆炸物的负面影响,这是一个令人担忧的主要问题。在本研究中,我们调查了生活在弹药倾弃场附近的鱼类是否受到污染以及健康受损的迹象。我们以生活在弹药倾弃场附近的扁平鱼类普通鳕(Limanda limanda)为模型,因为这种鱼类的洄游活动较少。由于爆炸物会通过胆汁排出体外,因此我们对达布鱼的胆汁液进行了分析。结果 在波罗的海和北海的德国沿海水域捕获的达比鱼受到了爆炸物的污染。可能由于代谢迅速,炸药 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)的浓度始终低于检测限,但其代谢物 2-氨基-4,6-二硝基甲苯和 4-氨基-2,6-二硝基甲苯在胆汁液中的检测浓度分别高达 26.36 纳克/毫升和 95.91 纳克/毫升。只有少数波罗的海鱼类对爆炸物 HMX、八氢-1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四佐辛呈阳性反应,最高浓度为 0.89 纳克/毫升。在基尔海湾(波罗的海)"Kolberger Heide "倾倒场附近采集的粪便中检测到胆汁液中TNT代谢物浓度最高。结论本研究首次表明,生活在北海近岸弹药倾弃场附近的鱼类受到了爆炸物的污染。各种健康指标(身体状况因素、外部可见的鱼病、寄生虫或肝脏异常)显示,生活在北海和波罗的海的鱼类的健康状况存在差异。不过,与生活在污染较轻地区的鱼类相比,在波罗的海污染最严重地区捕获的鱼类的健康状况并不差。我们的结论是,生活在北海和波罗的海倾倒场附近的鱼类可能受到爆炸物的严重污染。不过,并未观察到鱼类的健康受到明显损害。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of atrazine contamination in the Sele River estuary: spatial distribution, human health risks, and ecological implications in Southern Europe 塞勒河河口阿特拉津污染评估:南欧的空间分布、人类健康风险和生态影响
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00941-6
Elvira De Rosa, Paolo Montuori, Fabiana Di Duca, Bruna De Simone, Stefano Scippa, Raffaele Nubi, Donatella Paola Provvisiero, Immacolata Russo, Maria Triassi

Background

Overuse of pesticides is a major worldwide problem for the environment and human health. Atrazine (ATR) is a synthetic triazine herbicide that is typically used to manage crops and although it was banned many years ago, it was detected frequently with a high persistence in the aquatic environments. This study assesses the human and environment health risks, temporal patterns and spatial distribution of ATR and its degradation products (DPs) in the Sele River estuary within the Southern European context.. It specifically investigates their occurrence in the water dissolved phase (WDP), suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment.

Results

Sampling was conducted across 10 sites throughout the year’s four seasons. Amounts of ATR and its DPs detected ranged from 20.1 to 96.5 ng L−1 in WDP, from 5.4 to 60.2 ng L−1 in SPM, and from 4.7 to 19.8 ng g−1 in sediment samples, signifying some pollution levels. Spatial distribution mechanisms revealed a southward movement of ATR and its DPs pollution from the Sele River mouth, intensifying during the rainy season. In this study area, a risk evaluation was also carried out. No sample contained ATR or its DPs in concentrations above the recommended limits, which pose a Non-carcinogenic and Carcinogenic risk. The environmental risk was low. Additionally, the determined Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) value was within the allowable range.

Conclusion

Despite its long-standing prohibition, this study investigate ATR levels in the water and sediments of Sele River in Southern Europe. Beyond simply delineating the pollution status of Sele River, this research delineates its ecological repercussions on the Thyrrenian Sea, providing essential data for norms and laws related to water contamination.

Graphical Abstract

背景杀虫剂的过度使用是影响环境和人类健康的一个重大全球性问题。阿特拉津(ATR)是一种合成三嗪类除草剂,通常用于管理农作物,虽然多年前就已被禁用,但在水生环境中仍经常被检测到,且具有很高的持久性。这项研究评估了南欧塞勒河河口 ATR 及其降解产物(DPs)对人类和环境造成的健康风险、时间模式和空间分布。结果在一年四季的 10 个地点进行了采样。在水溶相(WDP)中检测到的 ATR 及其 DPs 的含量为 20.1 至 96.5 纳克/升,在悬浮颗粒物(SPM)中检测到的 ATR 及其 DPs 的含量为 5.4 至 60.2 纳克/升,在沉积物样品中检测到的 ATR 及其 DPs 的含量为 4.7 至 19.8 纳克/克,表明污染程度达到了一定程度。空间分布机制揭示了 ATR 及其 DPs 污染从 Sele 河口向南移动,并在雨季加剧。在该研究区域还进行了风险评估。样本中的 ATR 或其二磷酸浓度均未超过建议限值,因此不存在致癌和致癌风险。环境风险较低。此外,确定的增量终生致癌风险 (ILCR) 值也在允许范围之内。这项研究不仅描绘了塞勒河的污染状况,还描绘了其对蒂勒尼安海的生态影响,为与水污染相关的规范和法律提供了重要数据。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond target chemicals: updating the NORMAN prioritisation scheme to support the EU chemicals strategy with semi-quantitative suspect/non-target screening data 目标化学品之外:更新 NORMAN 优先排序计划,利用半定量可疑/非目标筛选数据支持欧盟化学品战略
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00936-3
Valeria Dulio, Nikiforos Alygizakis, Kelsey Ng, Emma L. Schymanski, Sandrine Andres, Katrin Vorkamp, Juliane Hollender, Saskia Finckh, Reza Aalizadeh, Lutz Ahrens, Elodie Bouhoulle, Ľuboš Čirka, Anja Derksen, Geneviève Deviller, Anja Duffek, Mar Esperanza, Stellan Fischer, Qiuguo Fu, Pablo Gago-Ferrero, Peter Haglund, Marion Junghans, Stefan A. E. Kools, Jan Koschorreck, Benjamin Lopez, Miren Lopez de Alda, Giuseppe Mascolo, Cécile Miège, Leonard Osté, Simon O’Toole, Pawel Rostkowski, Tobias Schulze, Kerry Sims, Laetitia Six, Jaroslav Slobodnik, Pierre-François Staub, Gerard Stroomberg, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Anne Togola, Giorgio Tomasi, Peter C. von der Ohe

Background

Prioritisation of chemical pollutants is a major challenge for environmental managers and decision-makers alike, which is essential to help focus the limited resources available for monitoring and mitigation actions on the most relevant chemicals. This study extends the original NORMAN prioritisation scheme beyond target chemicals, presenting the integration of semi-quantitative data from retrospective suspect screening and expansion of existing exposure and risk indicators. The scheme utilises data retrieved automatically from the NORMAN Database System (NDS), including candidate substances for prioritisation, target and suspect screening data, ecotoxicological effect data, physico-chemical data and other properties. Two complementary workflows using target and suspect screening monitoring data are applied to first group the substances into six action categories and then rank the substances using exposure, hazard and risk indicators. The results from the ‘target’ and ‘suspect screening’ workflows can then be combined as multiple lines of evidence to support decision-making on regulatory and research actions.

Results

As a proof-of-concept, the new scheme was applied to a combined dataset of target and suspect screening data. To this end, > 65,000 substances on the NDS, of which 2579 substances supported by target wastewater monitoring data, were retrospectively screened in 84 effluent wastewater samples, totalling > 11 million data points. The final prioritisation results identified 677 substances as high priority for further actions, 7455 as medium priority and 326 with potentially lower priority for actions. Among the remaining substances, ca. 37,000 substances should be considered of medium priority with uncertainty, while it was not possible to conclude for 19,000 substances due to insufficient information from target monitoring and uncertainty in the identification from suspect screening. A high degree of agreement was observed between the categories assigned via target analysis and suspect screening-based prioritisation. Suspect screening was a valuable complementary approach to target analysis, helping to prioritise thousands of substances that are insufficiently investigated in current monitoring programmes.

Conclusions

This updated prioritisation workflow responds to the increasing use of suspect screening techniques. It can be adapted to different environmental compartments and can support regulatory obligations, including the identification of specific pollutants in river basins and the marine environments, as well as the confirmation of environmental occurrence levels predicted by modelling tools.

Graphical Abstract

背景对环境管理者和决策者来说,化学污染物的优先排序是一项重大挑战,这对于将有限的监测和减排资源集中用于最相关的化学物质至关重要。本研究将最初的 NORMAN 优先排序方案扩展到目标化学品之外,介绍了从回顾性疑似筛选中获得的半定量数据的整合情况,以及现有暴露和风险指标的扩展情况。该方案利用从 NORMAN 数据库系统(NDS)中自动检索的数据,包括优先排序的候选物质、目标和可疑筛选数据、生态毒理效应数据、物理化学数据和其他属性。使用目标和可疑筛选监测数据的两个互补工作流程首先将物质分为六个行动类别,然后使用暴露、危害和风险指标对物质进行排序。然后,"目标 "和 "疑似筛选 "工作流程得出的结果可以合并为多种证据,为监管和研究行动的决策提供支持。结果 作为概念验证,新方案被应用于目标和疑似筛选数据的组合数据集。为此,在 84 个污水废水样本(共计 1,100 万个数据点)中对 NDS 中的 65,000 种物质进行了回顾性筛选,其中 2579 种物质得到了目标废水监测数据的支持。最终的优先排序结果确定 677 种物质为需要采取进一步行动的高优先级物质,7455 种物质为中等优先级物质,326 种物质的行动优先级可能较低。在剩余的物质中,约有 37,000 种物质应被视为中度优先且具有不确定性,而 19,000 种物质则由于目标监测信息不足和可疑筛选识别的不确定性而无法得出结论。通过目标分析和疑似筛选确定的优先级类别之间的一致性很高。疑似筛选是目标分析的重要补充方法,有助于对当前监测计划中调查不足的数千种物质进行优先排序。它可适用于不同的环境区划,并可支持监管义务,包括确定江河流域和海洋环境中的特定污染物,以及确认建模工具预测的环境出现水平。
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引用次数: 0
New strategy based on Hammerstein–Wiener and supervised machine learning for identification of treated wastewater salinization in Al-Hassa region, Saudi Arabia 基于哈默斯坦因-维纳和监督机器学习的新策略,用于识别沙特阿拉伯哈萨地区经处理的废水盐碱化情况
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00914-9
Syed Muzzamil Hussain Shah, Sani I. Abba, Mohamed A. Yassin, Dahiru U. Lawal, Farouq Aliyu, Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami, Haris U. Qureshi, Isam H. Aljundi, Hamza A. Asmaly, Saad Sh. Sammen, Miklas Scholz

The agricultural sector faces challenges in managing water resources efficiently, particularly in arid regions dealing with water scarcity. To overcome water stress, treated wastewater (TWW) is increasingly utilized for irrigation purpose to conserve available freshwater resources. There are several critical aspects affecting the suitability of TWW for irrigation including salinity which can have detrimental effects on crop yield and soil health. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel approach for TWW salinity prediction using artificial intelligent (AI) ensembled machine learning approach. In this regard, several water quality parameters of the TWW samples were collected through field investigation from the irrigation zones in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia, which were later assessed in the lab. The assessment involved measuring Temperature (T), pH, Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Salinity, through an Internet of Things (IoT) based system integrated with a real-time monitoring and a multiprobe device. Based on the descriptive statistics of the data and correlation obtained through the Pearson matrix, the models were formed for predicting salinity by using the Hammerstein-Wiener Model (HWM) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). The models’ performance was evaluated using several statistical indices including correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results revealed that the HWM-M3 model with its superior predictive capabilities achieved the best performance, with R2 values of 82% and 77% in both training and testing stages. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of AI-ensembled machine learning approach for accurate TWW salinity prediction, promoting the safe and efficient utilization of TWW for irrigation in water-stressed regions. The findings contribute to a growing body of research exploring AI applications for sustainable water management.

农业部门面临着有效管理水资源的挑战,尤其是在缺水的干旱地区。为了克服用水压力,人们越来越多地利用经过处理的废水(TWW)进行灌溉,以保护可用的淡水资源。影响废水灌溉适宜性的几个关键因素包括盐度,盐度会对作物产量和土壤健康产生不利影响。因此,本研究旨在利用人工智能(AI)集合机器学习方法,开发一种新型 TWW 水盐度预测方法。为此,通过实地调查从沙特阿拉伯 Al-Hassa 的灌溉区收集了 TWW 水样的几个水质参数,随后在实验室进行了评估。评估包括通过基于物联网(IoT)的系统测量温度(T)、pH 值、氧化还原电位(ORP)、电导率(EC)、总溶解固体(TDS)和盐度,该系统集成了实时监控和多探头设备。根据数据的描述性统计和通过皮尔逊矩阵获得的相关性,利用哈默斯坦-维纳模型(HWM)和支持向量回归(SVR)建立了盐度预测模型。利用相关系数 (R)、判定系数 (R2)、均方误差 (MSE) 和均方根误差 (RMSE) 等统计指标对模型的性能进行了评估。结果表明,HWM-M3 模型具有卓越的预测能力,在训练和测试阶段的 R2 值分别为 82% 和 77%,表现最佳。这项研究证明了人工智能机器学习方法在准确预测 TWW 含盐量方面的有效性,从而促进了缺水地区安全高效地利用 TWW 进行灌溉。这些研究结果为探索人工智能在可持续水资源管理中的应用的研究机构做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring the performance and maturity of the plastic recycling value chain system: implications and prospects 衡量塑料回收价值链系统的绩效和成熟度:影响和前景
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00937-2
Kunle Ibukun Olatayo, Paul T. Mativenga, Annlizé L. Marnewick

The sustainability of plastic materials and products requires the continuous improvement of the circular pathways for the material. A key strategy in the circularity of plastic is plastic recycling. Improving the circular pathways requires an understanding of the maturity level of the plastic recycling system. This study evaluated the maturity of the plastic recycling system in South Africa across the plastic value chain. Both secondary and primary data were collected, analysed and cross-validated. The results put the maturity of the country’s system at “Visionary” (Level 3) for the value chain stages of primary plastic production, product manufacturing and recycling, whereas waste generation, collection and handling, sorting and recyclate market were rated as “Structured” (Level 2). Furthermore, a set of initiatives to advance the maturity of the system to the desired level of “Connected and Dynamic” (Level 5) were identified. The paper provides a benchmark of performance and determines the stages of the system requiring additional attention. This is aimed at providing insight into policymaking to advance plastic recycling and circularity.

要实现塑料材料和产品的可持续发展,就必须不断改进材料的循环利用途径。塑料循环利用的一个关键战略是塑料回收。要改善循环途径,就必须了解塑料回收系统的成熟度。本研究评估了南非塑料价值链中塑料回收系统的成熟度。我们收集、分析并交叉验证了二手数据和原始数据。结果显示,南非在初级塑料生产、产品制造和回收利用等价值链阶段的系统成熟度为 "远见卓识"(3 级),而废物产生、收集和处理、分类和回收利用市场则被评为 "结构合理"(2 级)。此外,还确定了将系统成熟度提升到 "互联和动态"(5 级)理想水平的一系列举措。本文件提供了一个绩效基准,并确定了需要额外关注的系统阶段。其目的是为推动塑料回收和循环利用的政策制定提供见解。
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引用次数: 0
Regulating “forever chemicals”: social data are necessary for the successful implementation of the essential use concept 监管 "永久化学品":社会数据是成功实施必要用途概念的必要条件
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00930-9
Ellise Suffill, Mathew P. White, Sarah Hale, Sabine Pahl

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large class of synthetic compounds, many of which are persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT). The sheer number of PFAS makes a substance-by-substance based approach to regulating this group unfeasible. Given the known risks of many PFAS, a precautionary approach (i.e., the Essential Use Concept; EUC) has been called for, whereby any substance is assumed to be harmful and should be phased out, unless it is shown that: (a) the use of this substance is necessary for health and safety, or is critical for the functioning of society and (b) there are no available technically and economically feasible alternatives. While experts, including chemists and toxicologists, are well-placed to assess the second criteria, determining what is necessary for the “functioning of society” requires a wider consideration of societal beliefs and preferences and greater involvement of various interested and affected parties, especially those whose voices are less heard but may be most vulnerable. The aim of the current paper is to provide a preliminary framework and research agenda outlining why and at what points in the essential use decision-making process broader societal perspectives are required, and how such ‘social data’ can be collected. The ultimate goal is to improve chemicals management by supporting citizens in becoming more informed and engaged participants in relevant debates and policies, including in how to operationalise the EUC.

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)是一大类合成化合物,其中许多具有持久性、流动性和毒性(PMT)。由于 PFAS 种类繁多,因此采用逐个物质进行监管的方法并不可行。鉴于许多全氟辛烷磺酸的已知风险,人们呼吁采取一种预防性方法(即 "必要用途概念";EUC),据此假定任何物质都是有害的,应予以淘汰,除非有证据表明:(a) 该物质的使用对健康和安全是必要的,或对社会运转至关重要,(b) 没有技术和经济上可行的替代品。虽然包括化学家和毒理学家在内的专家完全有能力评估第二项标准,但要确定什么是 "社会运转 "所必需的,则需要更广泛地考虑社会信仰和偏好,并让各相关方和受影响方更多地参与进来,尤其是那些声音较少但可能最脆弱的群体。本文件旨在提供一个初步框架和研究议程,概述在基本使用决策过程中,为什么需要更广泛 的社会视角,以及在什么时候需要,以及如何收集此类 "社会数据"。最终目标是通过支持公民在相关辩论和政策中,包括在如何实施欧盟商会的问题上,变得更加知情和参与,从而改善化学品管理。
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引用次数: 0
Inventory of aqueous and sediment-associated organic pollutants released by the 2021 flood in the Vicht–Inde catchment, Germany 德国维希特-因德河流域 2021 年洪水释放的水体和沉积物相关有机污染物清单
IF 5.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00925-6
Piero Bellanova, Jan Schwarzbauer, Klaus Reicherter

Background

The European flood that occurred between July 13th and 16th 2021, was a natural disaster that caused significant damage in Central European countries, including Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. This disaster resulted in the highest number of fatalities from a natural disaster in Germany during the twenty-first century, with over 180 people losing their lives and causing damages exceeding 30 bn€. The flood caused severe destruction in small mountainous river systems such as the Vicht and Inde rivers, particularly in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. In addition, the flood caused a significant release of pollutants, including old burdens from the former mining area of Stolberg.

Results

To assess the extent of pollution caused by the flood in the affected floodplains and urban areas, this study was conducted to inventorize organic contaminants identified through a non-target screening in water and sediment samples taken immediately after the disastrous flood event. In total, 56 individual contaminants were identified from the water samples, including substances derived from urban effluents, such as personal care products, cosmetics, odors, technical additives, pharmaceuticals and surfactants. The analysis of sediment samples revealed different types of environmentally hazardous contaminants, such as petrogenics, urban effluent and wastewater indicators, chlorinated industrial compounds, and pesticides. This diverse range of pollutants and their broad dispersion across various environments in the catchment is attributed to the dynamic nature of the flood.

Conclusion

The inventory of identified organic contaminants raises long-term environmental concerns and potential health implications for the flood-affected Vicht–Inde region.

背景2021 年 7 月 13 日至 16 日发生的欧洲洪灾是一场自然灾害,给德国、荷兰、比利时和卢森堡等中欧国家造成了重大损失。这场灾难造成德国 21 世纪自然灾害死亡人数最多,180 多人丧生,损失超过 300 亿欧元。洪水对维希特河和因德河等山区小河水系造成了严重破坏,尤其是在德国北莱茵-威斯特法伦州。为了评估洪水对受影响的洪泛区和城市地区造成的污染程度,本研究对灾难性洪水发生后立即采集的水和沉积物样本中通过非目标筛选确定的有机污染物进行了清点。从水样中总共鉴定出 56 种污染物,包括来自城市污水的物质,如个人护理产品、化妆品、气味、技术添加剂、药品和表面活性剂。对沉积物样本的分析则发现了不同类型的有害环境的污染物,如石油氮化物、城市污水和废水指标、氯化工业化合物和杀虫剂。污染物种类繁多且广泛散布于集水区的各种环境中,这归因于洪水的动态性质。
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental Sciences Europe
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