Pub Date : 2025-08-10DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105464
Ishraq Awashra , Aaron W. Thompson , Kristin Floress , J.Gordon Arbuckle , Sarah P. Church , Ken Genskow , Linda S. Prokopy , Yichao Rui , Omar Tesdell
Effective landscape planning relies on community insights through participatory design to achieve local needs. Visual media can assist community engagement, and visuals created using generative AI text-to-image models are increasingly adopted for such purposes. We explore a new approach of including generative images in participatory planning through a case study with the Diverse Corn Belt Project in the US Corn Belt. Our method is applicable to other contexts, and adds to the literature in three ways. First, we propose a compromise between real-time image generation and extended time workflows of translating participatory discussions into generative images, benefiting from the instant generation of generative models while controlling the output. Building on this proposed pace, we suggest creating what we call ‘controlled imperfect’ images as a balance between “fake perfects” and “conversational imperfects” suggested by the literature. In addition, we propose simplifying the process of translating participatory discussions into an image output through directly collecting keywords necessary for prompt engineering. We build on our case study to outline a revised method for future research.
{"title":"Generative AI text-to-image for community participation in landscape planning","authors":"Ishraq Awashra , Aaron W. Thompson , Kristin Floress , J.Gordon Arbuckle , Sarah P. Church , Ken Genskow , Linda S. Prokopy , Yichao Rui , Omar Tesdell","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective landscape planning relies on community insights through participatory design to achieve local needs. Visual media can assist community engagement, and visuals created using generative AI text-to-image models are increasingly adopted for such purposes. We explore a new approach of including generative images in participatory planning through a case study with the Diverse Corn Belt Project in the US Corn Belt. Our method is applicable to other contexts, and adds to the literature in three ways. First, we propose a compromise between real-time image generation and extended time workflows of translating participatory discussions into generative images, benefiting from the instant generation of generative models while controlling the output. Building on this proposed pace, we suggest creating what we call ‘controlled imperfect’ images as a balance between “fake perfects” and “conversational imperfects” suggested by the literature. In addition, we propose simplifying the process of translating participatory discussions into an image output through directly collecting keywords necessary for prompt engineering. We build on our case study to outline a revised method for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105464"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105460
Pablo Navarrete-Hernandez, Yihan Dong, Erica Moresco
Fear of crime restricts use of and access to public spaces, restricting people’s economic, educational and socialising opportunities, particularly for vulnerable populations. Although numerous studies and initiatives aim to create safer cities by transforming urban environments, few have measured the causal impact of daytime and nighttime on fear of crime. This study examines how perceptions of safety vary between day and night in the same locations, compares these effects with built environment transformations, and explores the influence of sociodemographic factors, emphasising the critical role of lighting in fostering safer cities. For this, we conduct an image-based randomised controlled trial to explore how perceived safety changes from daytime to nighttime along a 2-km stretch of road in Sheffield, UK, with various functional zones. The findings, based on 3209 image ratings from 160 participants, reveal that moving from day to nighttime decrease perceived safety by 28 %, an effect that is larger than all other environmental variations encountered in the studied area. While a nighttime decrease in perceived safety is consistent for all sociodemographics, significant disparities arise across gender and for those worried about crime at night. Conditions of site illumination affect safety perceptions only at night, while commercial districts are perceived as significantly safer at nighttime than other functional zones. While most studies concentrate on daytime fear of crime, this study highlights the need for nighttime environmental and lighting planning, as this is a time of day when all feel more vulnerable, and fear of crime disparities are at their highest levels.
{"title":"When daylight fades: How nighttime, sociodemographics, and urban zones shape safety perceptions of the built environment","authors":"Pablo Navarrete-Hernandez, Yihan Dong, Erica Moresco","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105460","url":null,"abstract":"Fear of crime restricts use of and access to public spaces, restricting people’s economic, educational and socialising opportunities, particularly for vulnerable populations. Although numerous studies and initiatives aim to create safer cities by transforming urban environments, few have measured the causal impact of daytime and nighttime on fear of crime. This study examines how perceptions of safety vary between day and night in the same locations, compares these effects with built environment transformations, and explores the influence of sociodemographic factors, emphasising the critical role of lighting in fostering safer cities. For this, we conduct an image-based randomised controlled trial to explore how perceived safety changes from daytime to nighttime along a 2-km stretch of road in Sheffield, UK, with various functional zones. The findings, based on 3209 image ratings from 160 participants, reveal that moving from day to nighttime decrease perceived safety by 28 %, an effect that is larger than all other environmental variations encountered in the studied area. While a nighttime decrease in perceived safety is consistent for all sociodemographics, significant disparities arise across gender and for those worried about crime at night. Conditions of site illumination affect safety perceptions only at night, while commercial districts are perceived as significantly safer at nighttime than other functional zones. While most studies concentrate on daytime fear of crime, this study highlights the need for nighttime environmental and lighting planning, as this is a time of day when all feel more vulnerable, and fear of crime disparities are at their highest levels.","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105461
Yijia Li , Ran Tao , Jie Zhang , Jiafei Zhang , Xiaomeng Zhang , Yunv Dai , Yiping Tai , Yang Yang , Ming Li , Qianhong Xuan , Wenling Zhu , Xinmin Zhou , Zhiqiang Li
The ecological restoration of urban rivers is essential for aquatic ecosystem management. Understanding the community formation mechanisms among aquatic plants is key to comprehend the structural and functional recovery of river ecosystems. Urban river restoration lacks systematic research on how near-natural methods shape aquatic plant communities. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the structural changes and key influencing factors of aquatic plant communities in rivers after implementing measures, including lowering water levels, retaining sludge, and supplying reclaimed water in Guangzhou. We also sought to explore the mechanisms underlying plant recovery and community formation. To achieve this, sampling, measurement, and analysis of aquatic plants and hydrological and water quality parameters were conducted in the Chebei, Liede, and Shahe Rivers from autumn 2020 to autumn 2023. The results showed that 126 aquatic plant species were recorded in the three rivers, belonging to 40 families and 86 genera, with Poaceae and Cyperaceae as the predominant families, and a consistent increase in coverage was observed over the four years. Partial correlation analysis revealed that depth was significantly negatively correlated with plant richness, coverage, and diversity. Plant community formation in the three rivers resulted from the combined effects of environmental heterogeneity, dispersal limitations, and species interactions. The randomness characteristics of plant communities gradually weaken as river habitat pressure increases, whereas deterministic characteristics gradually strengthen. The findings provide detailed data and a theoretical basis for understanding the response mechanisms of aquatic plant community restoration in urban rivers. They confirm that near-natural restoration measures can effectively improve the recovery potential of aquatic plants in rivers.
{"title":"Structural characteristics and community formation mechanisms in aquatic plant communities during the near-natural restoration of urban rivers","authors":"Yijia Li , Ran Tao , Jie Zhang , Jiafei Zhang , Xiaomeng Zhang , Yunv Dai , Yiping Tai , Yang Yang , Ming Li , Qianhong Xuan , Wenling Zhu , Xinmin Zhou , Zhiqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ecological restoration of urban rivers is essential for aquatic ecosystem management. Understanding the community formation mechanisms among aquatic plants is key to comprehend the structural and functional recovery of river ecosystems. Urban river restoration lacks systematic research on how near-natural methods shape aquatic plant communities. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the structural changes and key influencing factors of aquatic plant communities in rivers after implementing measures, including lowering water levels, retaining sludge, and supplying reclaimed water in Guangzhou. We also sought to explore the mechanisms underlying plant recovery and community formation. To achieve this, sampling, measurement, and analysis of aquatic plants and hydrological and water quality parameters were conducted in the Chebei, Liede, and Shahe Rivers from autumn 2020 to autumn 2023. The results showed that 126 aquatic plant species were recorded in the three rivers, belonging to 40 families and 86 genera, with <em>Poaceae</em> and <em>Cyperaceae</em> as the predominant families, and a consistent increase in coverage was observed over the four years. Partial correlation analysis revealed that depth was significantly negatively correlated with plant richness, coverage, and diversity. Plant community formation in the three rivers resulted from the combined effects of environmental heterogeneity, dispersal limitations, and species interactions. The randomness characteristics of plant communities gradually weaken as river habitat pressure increases, whereas deterministic characteristics gradually strengthen. The findings provide detailed data and a theoretical basis for understanding the response mechanisms of aquatic plant community restoration in urban rivers. They confirm that near-natural restoration measures can effectively improve the recovery potential of aquatic plants in rivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 105461"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105458
Xun Liang , Jun-Long Huang , Qingfeng Guan
Exploration of the competition among multiple land uses can reveal the fundamental mechanism of the evolution process of land system. However, quantification of the competition among land uses remains a challenge. Because most land use simulation studies do not consider the amplitude differences resulting from the influences of the spatial suitability map, neighborhood aggregation effect, and stochastic effect of multiple land uses, the driving and inhibiting effects among land uses have not yet been thoroughly discovered. To address this problem, we propose an interaction network discovery model via consistency-based simulation, called intPLUS (available for download at https://github.com/HPSCIL/intPLUS), to find the interaction relationships among land uses and to improve the projections of future land use changes. This model uses the logarithm transformation to embed weights into multiple effects, including the inter-land use inhibiting effects, which drive the evolution of land use. The correctly projected land use change (i.e., consistency) is analyzed with a random forest (RF) model to explore the weights of the driving and inhibiting effects between land uses. This model is applied to Wuhan, China. The results showed that ‘cultivated field’ was greatly restrained and was restrained by other land uses. The application of the interaction network obtained accuracy enhancements of 30% and 13% in the calibration and future allocation processes, respectively. This model takes full advantage of the consistency information of the process of spatial simulation; the interaction network among land uses derived by the proposed model provides an insightful means to advance our understanding of spatial competition.
{"title":"Unveiling land competition through interaction networks: A consistency-based mining and simulation model that integrates inhibiting effects of land uses","authors":"Xun Liang , Jun-Long Huang , Qingfeng Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploration of the competition among multiple land uses can reveal the fundamental mechanism of the evolution process of land system. However, quantification of the competition among land uses remains a challenge. Because most land use simulation studies do not consider the amplitude differences resulting from the influences of the spatial suitability map, neighborhood aggregation effect, and stochastic effect of multiple land uses, the driving and inhibiting effects among land uses have not yet been thoroughly discovered. To address this problem, we propose an interaction network discovery model via consistency-based simulation, called intPLUS (available for download at <span><span>https://github.com/HPSCIL/intPLUS</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>), to find the interaction relationships among land uses and to improve the projections of future land use changes. This model uses the logarithm transformation to embed weights into multiple effects, including the inter-land use inhibiting effects, which drive the evolution of land use. The correctly projected land use change (i.e., consistency) is analyzed with a random forest (RF) model to explore the weights of the driving and inhibiting effects between land uses. This model is applied to Wuhan, China. The results showed that ‘cultivated field’ was greatly restrained and was restrained by other land uses. The application of the interaction network obtained accuracy enhancements of 30% and 13% in the calibration and future allocation processes, respectively. This model takes full advantage of the consistency information of the process of spatial simulation; the interaction network among land uses derived by the proposed model provides an insightful means to advance our understanding of spatial competition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 105458"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-04DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105459
Junmao Zhang , Meixia Lin , Jiayi Fu , Yuan Wang , Tao Lin , Yuan Chen , Hongkai Geng , Zixu Jia , Yicheng Zheng , Xia Yao
Fully understanding the heterogeneity of heat exposure risk (HER) caused by the variability of risk components in time and space dimensions is a vital prerequisite for urban heat-related risk management, while there is not yet unequivocal quantitative evidence on the zoning effect on HER, i.e. the impact of spatial zoning approach on the spatiotemporal difference in HER. Based on township-level administrative district zone (ADZ), urban gradient zone (UGZ), local climate zone (LCZ), and land use zone (LUZ), the detailed spatial differences in HER and its 24-hour consistency were methodically explored by statistical test and coefficient quantification. The empirical analysis in Xiamen, China indicates significant global (p < 0.001) and local (p < 0.05, >87 %) interzone differences in HER under all four zoning approaches, with higher HER in urban developed ADZs, urban central UGZs, built-type LCZs, and the LUZs with more frequent anthropogenic activities. Among them, the specific interzone pattern of HER was temporally consistent only among UGZs, showing a non-linear trend of zonal mean HER with increasing distance from the urban core areas (rs ≤ −0.8956, p < 0.001). Additionally, the zoning effect on HER was emphasized by the stable greatest degree of interzone difference in HER among UGZs. In general, comprehension of the zoning effect on HER from the relevant characteristics of risk components was suggested given the significant global interzone difference in both heat hazard and outdoor exposure (p < 0.001), and detailed temporal dynamic analysis is proved to be necessary since the relevant features were not completely consistent over 24 h. These novel findings enhance the existing understanding of the zoning effect on HER and provide scientific support for the effective zoning management of city-level HER.
{"title":"Zoning effect on urban heat exposure risk: comparing four typical spatial zoning approaches","authors":"Junmao Zhang , Meixia Lin , Jiayi Fu , Yuan Wang , Tao Lin , Yuan Chen , Hongkai Geng , Zixu Jia , Yicheng Zheng , Xia Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fully understanding the heterogeneity of heat exposure risk (HER) caused by the variability of risk components in time and space dimensions is a vital prerequisite for urban heat-related risk management, while there is not yet unequivocal quantitative evidence on the zoning effect on HER, i.e. the impact of spatial zoning approach on the spatiotemporal difference in HER. Based on township-level administrative district zone (ADZ), urban gradient zone (UGZ), local climate zone (LCZ), and land use zone (LUZ), the detailed spatial differences in HER and its 24-hour consistency were methodically explored by statistical test and coefficient quantification. The empirical analysis in Xiamen, China indicates significant global (p < 0.001) and local (p < 0.05, >87 %) interzone differences in HER under all four zoning approaches, with higher HER in urban developed ADZs, urban central UGZs, built-type LCZs, and the LUZs with more frequent anthropogenic activities. Among them, the specific interzone pattern of HER was temporally consistent only among UGZs, showing a non-linear trend of zonal mean HER with increasing distance from the urban core areas (<em>rs</em> ≤ −0.8956, p < 0.001). Additionally, the zoning effect on HER was emphasized by the stable greatest degree of interzone difference in HER among UGZs. In general, comprehension of the zoning effect on HER from the relevant characteristics of risk components was suggested given the significant global interzone difference in both heat hazard and outdoor exposure (p < 0.001), and detailed temporal dynamic analysis is proved to be necessary since the relevant features were not completely consistent over 24 h. These novel findings enhance the existing understanding of the zoning effect on HER and provide scientific support for the effective zoning management of city-level HER.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 105459"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-02DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105457
Zhaoyin Liu , Jie Yin , Jingting Huang , Sheikh Taslim Ali , Peige Song , Yulun Zhou , Qida He , Li Zhang , Yuan Wang , Hanyu Gao , Linyan Li
The China government issued the National Land Greening Plan Outline (2022–2030), which set a greenness coverage target of 43 % in urban area and 32 % in rural area. However, the implementation of local policies to effectively maximize the impact of the target remains unclear. Our study aims to conduct a health impact assessment to evaluate the potential and effectiveness of the outline target in 98 major Chinese cities. Generalized additive model was applied to translate the outline target into measurable Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at a 1 × 1 km grid scale. Based on the estimated target and remote sensing imagery on green space, we estimated the potential of NDVI improvement and corresponding annual preventable deaths. Additionally, we evaluated and compared the effectiveness of greenness promotion across different regions. We found that achieving the outline target has the potential of preventing 86,375 (95 % CI: 78,279, 94,542) deaths annually, accounting for 1.78 % of the total mortality. The health benefits of the target are mainly observed in urban areas and larger cities. East and North China show the greatest health benefits, with the highest preventable deaths in megacities like Shanghai (6,809, 95 % CI: 6,083, 7,538), Tianjin (5,496, 95 % CI: 5,163, 5,830), and Beijing (4,238, 95 % CI: 4,062, 4,413). Urban areas have lower NDVI and higher population densities, leading to more preventable deaths compared to rural areas. The health impact analysis results underscore the need for strategic greenness development, prioritizing urban areas and vulnerable populations considering potential inequities in greenness access and health disparities. The findings provide evidence-based recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to promote healthy and sustainable development.
{"title":"Health impact assessment of greenness promotion on mortality in 98 cities in China","authors":"Zhaoyin Liu , Jie Yin , Jingting Huang , Sheikh Taslim Ali , Peige Song , Yulun Zhou , Qida He , Li Zhang , Yuan Wang , Hanyu Gao , Linyan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The China government issued the National Land Greening Plan Outline (2022–2030), which set a greenness coverage target of 43 % in urban area and 32 % in rural area. However, the implementation of local policies to effectively maximize the impact of the target remains unclear. Our study aims to conduct a health impact assessment to evaluate the potential and effectiveness of the outline target in 98 major Chinese cities. Generalized additive model was applied to translate the outline target into measurable Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at a 1 × 1 km grid scale. Based on the estimated target and remote sensing imagery on green space, we estimated the potential of NDVI improvement and corresponding annual preventable deaths. Additionally, we evaluated and compared the effectiveness of greenness promotion across different regions. We found that achieving the outline target has the potential of preventing 86,375 (95 % CI: 78,279, 94,542) deaths annually, accounting for 1.78 % of the total mortality. The health benefits of the target are mainly observed in urban areas and larger cities. East and North China show the greatest health benefits, with the highest preventable deaths in megacities like Shanghai (6,809, 95 % CI: 6,083, 7,538), Tianjin (5,496, 95 % CI: 5,163, 5,830), and Beijing (4,238, 95 % CI: 4,062, 4,413). Urban areas have lower NDVI and higher population densities, leading to more preventable deaths compared to rural areas. The health impact analysis results underscore the need for strategic greenness development, prioritizing urban areas and vulnerable populations considering potential inequities in greenness access and health disparities. The findings provide evidence-based recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to promote healthy and sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 105457"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The continuing increase in the global urban human population will exert profound pressures on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Urban planners face the challenge of accommodating such growth while minimising its impact on biodiversity. This could be achieved through urban land sparing (developing currently low density urban areas without expanding into adjacent semi-natural habitats) or land sharing (creating relatively low density areas in place of semi-natural habitats). We assessed support for these two strategies by examining how urban breeding bird diversity and associated ecosystem services (bird aesthetic attractiveness) and disservices (occurrence of species prone to generate human-wildlife conflicts) responded to a gradient of human population density measured across six Italian cities. As human population density increased, there was a decline in avian taxonomic and functional diversity and a bird-mediated ecosystem service, but an increase in bird biomass and a bird-related ecosystem disservice. Land sparing was supported in forest species and cavity nesters. Other relationships were linear, with no support for either strategy. To enhance bird diversity and related ecosystem services in our study region, we recommend increasing human population densities within already urbanised areas, while conserving existing bird diversity by preserving semi-natural habitats, particularly at the urban fringe. Among these, forest and urban green spaces significantly enhanced bird diversity, in contrast to the simplified assemblages in peri-urban farmlands. To design more bird-friendly cities, we recommend to: 1) improve the quality of existing urban forest remnants, 2) prioritise urban reforestation on farmland at the urban–rural fringe, and 3) expand urban green infrastructures to support forest-associated bird-diversity and to reduce social costs of densely populated cities.
{"title":"Designing the biodiversity-friendly city of the future: An avian community perspective on land sharing and land sparing","authors":"Giacomo Assandri , Riccardo Alba , Luca Bajno , Mattia Brambilla , Enrico Caprio , Francesca Cochis , Luca Ilahiane , Fabio Marcolin , Irene Regaiolo , Diego Rubolini , Dan Chamberlain","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuing increase in the global urban human population will exert profound pressures on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Urban planners face the challenge of accommodating such growth while minimising its impact on biodiversity. This could be achieved through urban land sparing (developing currently low density urban areas without expanding into adjacent semi-natural habitats) or land sharing (creating relatively low density areas in place of semi-natural habitats). We assessed support for these two strategies by examining how urban breeding bird diversity and associated ecosystem services (bird aesthetic attractiveness) and disservices (occurrence of species prone to generate human-wildlife conflicts) responded to a gradient of human population density measured across six Italian cities. As human population density increased, there was a decline in avian taxonomic and functional diversity and a bird-mediated ecosystem service, but an increase in bird biomass and a bird-related ecosystem disservice. Land sparing was supported in forest species and cavity nesters. Other relationships were linear, with no support for either strategy. To enhance bird diversity and related ecosystem services in our study region, we recommend increasing human population densities within already urbanised areas, while conserving existing bird diversity by preserving semi-natural habitats, particularly at the urban fringe. Among these, forest and urban green spaces significantly enhanced bird diversity, in contrast to the simplified assemblages in <em>peri</em>-urban farmlands. To design more bird-friendly cities, we recommend to: 1) improve the quality of existing urban forest remnants, 2) prioritise urban reforestation on farmland at the urban–rural fringe, and 3) expand urban green infrastructures to support forest-associated bird-diversity and to reduce social costs of densely populated cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 105462"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105463
Ruining Zhang , Hui Ma , Chao Wang , Yuan Zhang , Jian Kang
This study conducts a meta-analysis to quantify the robust associations between landscape elements and the two main dimensions of soundscape perception—pleasantness and eventfulness—and to explain the sources of heterogeneity in these relationships. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of the Web of Science and Scopus databases yielded 14 papers providing 69 independent samples for analysis. The results showed that natural elements and the crowd were generally associated with higher pleasantness, with the strongest positive correlations found for vegetation (Summary r, Sr = 0.59) and the crowd (Sr = 0.56). Anthropogenic elements exhibited a design-dependent duality: those with positive cultural and artistic attributes were positively associated with pleasantness (Sr = 0.42), while functional and traffic-related elements were negatively associated (Sr = -0.64). For eventfulness, the crowd was the strongest positive correlate (Sr = 0.61), followed by positive anthropogenic elements (Sr = 0.52) and the sky (Sr = 0.37). Conversely, functional anthropogenic elements were negatively associated with eventfulness (Sr = -0.53), while water bodies showed no significant overall association. High heterogeneity in many associations was explained through sensitivity and subgroup analyses, revealing that site function (e.g., park vs. commercial area) and element characteristics are key moderating factors. This study moves beyond qualitative descriptions to provide a quantitative, evidence-based foundation for soundscape design, offering actionable insights for creating healthier and more pleasant urban acoustic environments through context-aware landscape interventions.
{"title":"The associations between landscape elements and soundscape perception: A meta-analysis","authors":"Ruining Zhang , Hui Ma , Chao Wang , Yuan Zhang , Jian Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study conducts a <em>meta</em>-analysis to quantify the robust associations between landscape elements and the two main dimensions of soundscape perception—pleasantness and eventfulness—and to explain the sources of heterogeneity in these relationships. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of the Web of Science and Scopus databases yielded 14 papers providing 69 independent samples for analysis. The results showed that natural elements and the crowd were generally associated with higher pleasantness, with the strongest positive correlations found for vegetation (Summary r, <em>Sr</em> = 0.59) and the crowd (<em>Sr</em> = 0.56). Anthropogenic elements exhibited a design-dependent duality: those with positive cultural and artistic attributes were positively associated with pleasantness (<em>Sr</em> = 0.42), while functional and traffic-related elements were negatively associated (<em>Sr</em> = -0.64). For eventfulness, the crowd was the strongest positive correlate (<em>Sr</em> = 0.61), followed by positive anthropogenic elements (<em>Sr</em> = 0.52) and the sky (<em>Sr</em> = 0.37). Conversely, functional anthropogenic elements were negatively associated with eventfulness (<em>Sr</em> = -0.53), while water bodies showed no significant overall association. High heterogeneity in many associations was explained through sensitivity and subgroup analyses, revealing that site function (e.g., park vs. commercial area) and element characteristics are key moderating factors. This study moves beyond qualitative descriptions to provide a quantitative, evidence-based foundation for soundscape design, offering actionable insights for creating healthier and more pleasant urban acoustic environments through context-aware landscape interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 105463"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105452
Leonardo G. Luquezi , Valentin Le Bescond , Pierre Aumond , Pascal Gastineau , Arnaud Can
Standard European approaches to assessing environmental noise focus on individuals exposed to critical noise levels. However, there are complementary approaches that question the accessibility of the population to quiet areas, highlighting the restorative properties of natural and quiet spaces for human health. In this regard, from an agent-based model, this study proposes a spatio-temporal methodology to assess accessibility to quiet areas in agglomerations, integrating everyday mobility into the analysis of place effects and opportunities. The two primary objectives are to identify current quiet areas that are accessible in order to preserve them acoustically and to identify green spaces with the greatest potential for accessibility in order to improve them acoustically. Green spaces of Lyon and Villeurbanne (France) are assessed during the lunch break period using an open-source framework. The results indicate that on average about 30% of agents have access to a quiet area. Further, green spaces in courtyards represent the current quiet areas with the greatest accessibility. Concerning spaces with great potential for accessibility, linear green spaces along rivers and small squares near high-attended urban centers represent the greatest potential gain in accessibility to quiet areas. Improvements pertain to the utilization of in-situ surveys to integrate human perception and place attendance evaluations in the formulation of action plans.
{"title":"Assessing accessibility to quiet and green areas at the city scale using an agent-based transport model","authors":"Leonardo G. Luquezi , Valentin Le Bescond , Pierre Aumond , Pascal Gastineau , Arnaud Can","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Standard European approaches to assessing environmental noise focus on individuals exposed to critical noise levels. However, there are complementary approaches that question the accessibility of the population to quiet areas, highlighting the restorative properties of natural and quiet spaces for human health. In this regard, from an agent-based model, this study proposes a spatio-temporal methodology to assess accessibility to quiet areas in agglomerations, integrating everyday mobility into the analysis of place effects and opportunities. The two primary objectives are to identify current quiet areas that are accessible in order to preserve them acoustically and to identify green spaces with the greatest potential for accessibility in order to improve them acoustically. Green spaces of Lyon and Villeurbanne (France) are assessed during the lunch break period using an open-source framework. The results indicate that on average about 30% of agents have access to a quiet area. Further, green spaces in courtyards represent the current quiet areas with the greatest accessibility. Concerning spaces with great potential for accessibility, linear green spaces along rivers and small squares near high-attended urban centers represent the greatest potential gain in accessibility to quiet areas. Improvements pertain to the utilization of in-situ surveys to integrate human perception and place attendance evaluations in the formulation of action plans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 105452"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105455
Paul Averbeck , Tobias Börger , Sören Bo Weiß , Florian Knutzen , Oliver Frör
In recent years, extensive forest areas across Central Europe have experienced significant dieback due to climate change-induced disturbances such as drought and insect outbreaks, prompting the need for large-scale reforestation efforts. Given the importance of forests as recreational spaces, it is essential to understand how different reforestation strategies impact forest aesthetics. This study employs a discrete choice experiment to examine how deadwood management, species composition, tree protection, tree spacing, and forest floor conditions influence aesthetic preferences. Using visual prompts specifically developed to capture temporal evolution, we assess preferences for these factors at three time points: immediately, 15 years, and 50 years after the implementation of measures. Results suggest that most respondents perceive substantial amounts of deadwood and many mixed forest compositions as aesthetically unappealing. Additionally, the aesthetic evaluation of the same policies varies significantly over time. This underscores the importance of incorporating multiple time points into the assessment of forest management practices to fully understand their long-term effects on forest aesthetics.
{"title":"Aesthetic preferences for forests after climate change-induced disturbance: A discrete choice experiment accounting for temporal evolution of reforestation measures","authors":"Paul Averbeck , Tobias Börger , Sören Bo Weiß , Florian Knutzen , Oliver Frör","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, extensive forest areas across Central Europe have experienced significant dieback due to climate change-induced disturbances such as drought and insect outbreaks, prompting the need for large-scale reforestation efforts. Given the importance of forests as recreational spaces, it is essential to understand how different reforestation strategies impact forest aesthetics. This study employs a discrete choice experiment to examine how deadwood management, species composition, tree protection, tree spacing, and forest floor conditions influence aesthetic preferences. Using visual prompts specifically developed to capture temporal evolution, we assess preferences for these factors at three time points: immediately, 15 years, and 50 years after the implementation of measures. Results suggest that most respondents perceive substantial amounts of deadwood and many mixed forest compositions as aesthetically unappealing. Additionally, the aesthetic evaluation of the same policies varies significantly over time. This underscores the importance of incorporating multiple time points into the assessment of forest management practices to fully understand their long-term effects on forest aesthetics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 105455"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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