Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105492
Romina RODELA , Sofia LUNDMARK , Emma NORSS
This study explores the role of young people in urban planning through the lens of procedural justice, focusing on their engagement and participation in research seeking to further youth use and perception of public space. Conducted in Huddinge Municipality, Sweden, the research involved youth as co-researchers in participatory mapping exercises to document their spatial preferences and experiences. Findings highlight the importance of inclusive urban planning that recognizes young people as legitimate stakeholders. Liked spaces were often those that supported social interaction, physical activity, and autonomy, while disliked spaces in the municipality were those the young respondents associate with fear and feelings of discomfort. This study casts a perspective on the need for planning practices that accommodate diverse youth perspectives and promote equitable access to public spaces. Despite challenges in institutional uptake, the research demonstrates the potential of youth participatory methods to inform our understanding and practice for advancing towards more just and responsive urban governance. This work contributes to ongoing debates on spatial justice and the inclusion of marginalized groups in urban decision-making.
{"title":"Participatory mapping with young people: Advancing on procedural justice","authors":"Romina RODELA , Sofia LUNDMARK , Emma NORSS","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the role of young people in urban planning through the lens of procedural justice, focusing on their engagement and participation in research seeking to further youth use and perception of public space. Conducted in Huddinge Municipality, Sweden, the research involved youth as co-researchers in participatory mapping exercises to document their spatial preferences and experiences. Findings highlight the importance of inclusive urban planning that recognizes young people as legitimate stakeholders. Liked spaces were often those that supported social interaction, physical activity, and autonomy, while disliked spaces in the municipality were those the young respondents associate with fear and feelings of discomfort. This study casts a perspective on the need for planning practices that accommodate diverse youth perspectives and promote equitable access to public spaces. Despite challenges in institutional uptake, the research demonstrates the potential of youth participatory methods to inform our understanding and practice for advancing towards more just and responsive urban governance. This work contributes to ongoing debates on spatial justice and the inclusion of marginalized groups in urban decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105492"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-10DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105464
Ishraq Awashra , Aaron W. Thompson , Kristin Floress , J.Gordon Arbuckle , Sarah P. Church , Ken Genskow , Linda S. Prokopy , Yichao Rui , Omar Tesdell
Effective landscape planning relies on community insights through participatory design to achieve local needs. Visual media can assist community engagement, and visuals created using generative AI text-to-image models are increasingly adopted for such purposes. We explore a new approach of including generative images in participatory planning through a case study with the Diverse Corn Belt Project in the US Corn Belt. Our method is applicable to other contexts, and adds to the literature in three ways. First, we propose a compromise between real-time image generation and extended time workflows of translating participatory discussions into generative images, benefiting from the instant generation of generative models while controlling the output. Building on this proposed pace, we suggest creating what we call ‘controlled imperfect’ images as a balance between “fake perfects” and “conversational imperfects” suggested by the literature. In addition, we propose simplifying the process of translating participatory discussions into an image output through directly collecting keywords necessary for prompt engineering. We build on our case study to outline a revised method for future research.
{"title":"Generative AI text-to-image for community participation in landscape planning","authors":"Ishraq Awashra , Aaron W. Thompson , Kristin Floress , J.Gordon Arbuckle , Sarah P. Church , Ken Genskow , Linda S. Prokopy , Yichao Rui , Omar Tesdell","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective landscape planning relies on community insights through participatory design to achieve local needs. Visual media can assist community engagement, and visuals created using generative AI text-to-image models are increasingly adopted for such purposes. We explore a new approach of including generative images in participatory planning through a case study with the Diverse Corn Belt Project in the US Corn Belt. Our method is applicable to other contexts, and adds to the literature in three ways. First, we propose a compromise between real-time image generation and extended time workflows of translating participatory discussions into generative images, benefiting from the instant generation of generative models while controlling the output. Building on this proposed pace, we suggest creating what we call ‘controlled imperfect’ images as a balance between “fake perfects” and “conversational imperfects” suggested by the literature. In addition, we propose simplifying the process of translating participatory discussions into an image output through directly collecting keywords necessary for prompt engineering. We build on our case study to outline a revised method for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105464"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105483
Kristina Fauss , Joe V. Celebrezze , Robert Lloyd Fitch , Indra Boving , Rachel Dye , Max A. Moritz
The wildland urban interface (WUI) presents a unique planning challenge. Landscaped residential properties intersect with wild, fire-prone vegetation; however, WUI residents lack clear guidance on which plants pose higher or lower risk and how to manage vegetation to reduce fire hazard while also prioritizing landscaping design. This is largely due to the lack of information regarding how landscaping plants burn. This study provided a community-led approach to plant flammability testing, suggested an index to rank landscaping plant flammability, and offered landscaping guidance for residents of Southern California WUI communities. Community feedback revealed which ecosystem services (i.e., cultural: privacy) and plant species attributes (i.e., drought tolerance) were valued most by the community and helped identify common native species for flammability testing. Through laboratory flammability tests, interspecific differences in flammability were found as well as significant relationships between plant traits – hydration, branch, and leaf morphology – and flammability. Branching, mass, and drought stress were positively correlated with combustion intensity, whereas live fuel moisture (LFM) and stem surface area to volume ratio had a negative effect. These findings confirm the importance of minimizing plant mass near structures; carefully considering plant growth forms in planning; and maintaining healthy, hydrated plants in defensible space. With these considerations in mind, we discussed which defensible space zones could be best-suited for the tested plant species. Involving resident input and community horticulturalists in research direction allowed for targeted testing of species most relevant to the community of study and provided action-oriented collaborations with local stakeholders to improve fire-informed landscaping.
{"title":"Landscaping defensible space: Plant flammability testing informs recommendations to reduce community fire hazard","authors":"Kristina Fauss , Joe V. Celebrezze , Robert Lloyd Fitch , Indra Boving , Rachel Dye , Max A. Moritz","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wildland urban interface (WUI) presents a unique planning challenge. Landscaped residential properties intersect with wild, fire-prone vegetation; however, WUI residents lack clear guidance on which plants pose higher or lower risk and how to manage vegetation to reduce fire hazard while also prioritizing landscaping design. This is largely due to the lack of information regarding how landscaping plants burn. This study provided a community-led approach to plant flammability testing, suggested an index to rank landscaping plant flammability, and offered landscaping guidance for residents of Southern California WUI communities. Community feedback revealed which ecosystem services (i.e., cultural: privacy) and plant species attributes (i.e., drought tolerance) were valued most by the community and helped identify common native species for flammability testing. Through laboratory flammability tests, interspecific differences in flammability were found as well as significant relationships between plant traits – hydration, branch, and leaf morphology – and flammability. Branching, mass, and drought stress were positively correlated with combustion intensity, whereas live fuel moisture (LFM) and stem surface area to volume ratio had a negative effect. These findings confirm the importance of minimizing plant mass near structures; carefully considering plant growth forms in planning; and maintaining healthy, hydrated plants in defensible space. With these considerations in mind, we discussed which defensible space zones could be best-suited for the tested plant species. Involving resident input and community horticulturalists in research direction allowed for targeted testing of species most relevant to the community of study and provided action-oriented collaborations with local stakeholders to improve fire-informed landscaping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105483"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105486
Anna C. HURLIMANN, Sareh MOOSAVI, Alan MARCH, Judy BUSH, Georgia WARREN-MYERS
Land use and development patterns have a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and on managing the risk that climate change poses. Thus, urban planners play a critical role in addressing climate change, working with diverse built environment actors such as landscape architects. However, research indicates that while urban planners know about climate change, their self-perceived skills and competence are limited. This paper seeks to understand the preparedness of Australian urban planners to act on climate change (both mitigating GHG emissions and adapting to climate change impacts). Through in-depth interviews with 23 diverse Australian urban planners, preparedness to act on climate change is explored using Moser and Luers’ AAA climate change preparedness theory: Awareness of climate change; Analytical capacity to address climate change; and Actions taken to address climate change. Most respondents were able to identify climate change risks (awareness). Climate change risks were being assessed (analytical capacity) at a minimum through planning policy and tools informed by flood modelling and other risk assessments. In more progressive practice, planners draw upon internal or external climate change expertise beyond the planning system tools. The most frequently stated action taken by respondents to address climate change was the development of policies and strategies within their own organisation – from development of climate adaptation plans by those working in government, to organisational sustainability plans for those in the private sector. Results indicate the urban planning system is at times a facilitator of climate change action. A proportion of respondents were only exposed to climate change information, analytical capacity and actions due to planning tools. A framework of climate change preparedness was developed, demonstrating examples of low to high preparedness observed across respondents. The paper identifies characteristics of urban planning cliamte change front-runners, and suggests ways to progress climate change action through urban planning practice.
{"title":"Australian urban planners’ preparedness to act on climate change","authors":"Anna C. HURLIMANN, Sareh MOOSAVI, Alan MARCH, Judy BUSH, Georgia WARREN-MYERS","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land use and development patterns have a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and on managing the risk that climate change poses. Thus, urban planners play a critical role in addressing climate change, working with diverse built environment actors such as landscape architects. However, research indicates that while urban planners know about climate change, their self-perceived skills and competence are limited. This paper seeks to understand the preparedness of Australian urban planners to act on climate change (both mitigating GHG emissions and adapting to climate change impacts). Through in-depth interviews with 23 diverse Australian urban planners, preparedness to act on climate change is explored using Moser and Luers’ AAA climate change preparedness theory: <strong>A</strong>wareness of climate change; <strong>A</strong>nalytical capacity to address climate change; and <strong>A</strong>ctions taken to address climate change. Most respondents were able to identify climate change risks (awareness). Climate change risks were being assessed (analytical capacity) at a minimum through planning policy and tools informed by flood modelling and other risk assessments. In more progressive practice, planners draw upon internal or external climate change expertise beyond the planning system tools. The most frequently stated action taken by respondents to address climate change was the development of policies and strategies within their own organisation – from development of climate adaptation plans by those working in government, to organisational sustainability plans for those in the private sector. Results indicate the urban planning system is at times a facilitator of climate change action. A proportion of respondents were only exposed to climate change information, analytical capacity and actions due to planning tools. A framework of climate change preparedness was developed, demonstrating examples of low to high preparedness observed across respondents. The paper identifies characteristics of urban planning cliamte change front-runners, and suggests ways to progress climate change action through urban planning practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105486"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105482
Kaiyang Jia , Sujuan Zhong , Xianjin Huang
The competing demands for land resources among urbanization, food production, and ecological preservation present a critical challenge for sustainable development in developing nations. China’s Major Function-Oriented Zone Planning (MFZP), launched in 2010, represents a pioneering national-scale zoning planning to address these competing interests. This study provides the first comprehensive empirical assessment of MFZP’s effectiveness through a quasi-experimental analysis using county-level panel data from 2000 to 2020. Employing a Propensity Score Matching with Difference-in-Difference approach, we compare land development patterns between restricted and key development zones with similar baseline characteristics. Results demonstrate that MFZP successfully achieved its primary objective: restricted development zones exhibited significantly lower development intensity compared to matched key development zones, without showing significant negative impacts on per capita GDP growth. The effectiveness of the plan implementation varies notably across China’s economic regions and among restricted zones with different functional priorities. These findings validate the feasibility of large-scale spatial planning in balancing development needs and offer evidence-based insights for developing countries seeking to implement similar land-use management strategies.
{"title":"Unpacking Outcomes: A quasi-experimental study on the effectiveness of China’s major function-oriented zone planning","authors":"Kaiyang Jia , Sujuan Zhong , Xianjin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The competing demands for land resources among urbanization, food production, and ecological preservation present a critical challenge for sustainable development in developing nations. China’s Major Function-Oriented Zone Planning (MFZP), launched in 2010, represents a pioneering national-scale zoning planning to address these competing interests. This study provides the first comprehensive empirical assessment of MFZP’s effectiveness through a quasi-experimental analysis using county-level panel data from 2000 to 2020. Employing a Propensity Score Matching with Difference-in-Difference approach, we compare land development patterns between restricted and key development zones with similar baseline characteristics. Results demonstrate that MFZP successfully achieved its primary objective: restricted development zones exhibited significantly lower development intensity compared to matched key development zones, without showing significant negative impacts on per capita GDP growth. The effectiveness of the plan implementation varies notably across China’s economic regions and among restricted zones with different functional priorities. These findings validate the feasibility of large-scale spatial planning in balancing development needs and offer evidence-based insights for developing countries seeking to implement similar land-use management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105482"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105497
Liu Hongxiao , Pang Yujin , Jiao Min , Sun Xiao , Ren Hai , Luo Le , Han Taotao , Li Yuan , Zheng Shanwen , Sui Chunhua
The relationship between urban density, urban green space (UGS) exposure, and mental health remains complex and understudied, particularly in rapidly urbanizing cities notably characterized by high-density development. Based on a survey of 824 respondents in Guangzhou, China, this study advanced prior research by systematically unraveling the dual roles of UGS exposure: UGS visitation played as a mediator and UGS availability served as a moderator in the urban density–mental health nexus—a critical gap in existing literature. Our key findings indicated that: (1) Urban density exhibited context-dependent effects: its impacts on three mental health indicators (depression, life satisfaction and sense of worthwhilenss) hinged on UGS availability. (2) Visiting community gardens, municipal parks, and waterfront UGS was particularly effective in reducing depression risk, enhancing life satisfaction, and fostering a sense of worthwhileness, respectively. Engaging with communal gardens and municipal parks was positively associated with all three mental health outcomes. The effects of UGS visitation on mental health surpassed those of UGS availability and urban density. (3) Crucially, we revealed a dual mechanism: UGS visitation fully mediated the adverse effects of high density on mental health, while UGS availability moderated this relationship, mitigating negative impacts of high urban density. These findings provide novel empirical evidence for optimizing UGS planning: increasing UGS and its visitation can reduce the negative mental health impacts of high urban density and prioritizing communal gardens and municipal parks is advisable, given their positive effects on three mental health outcomes.
{"title":"Greenspace exposure and its dual role as mediator and moderator in the relationship between urban density and mental health","authors":"Liu Hongxiao , Pang Yujin , Jiao Min , Sun Xiao , Ren Hai , Luo Le , Han Taotao , Li Yuan , Zheng Shanwen , Sui Chunhua","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between urban density, urban green space (UGS) exposure, and mental health remains complex and understudied, particularly in rapidly urbanizing cities notably characterized by high-density development. Based on a survey of 824 respondents in Guangzhou, China, this study advanced prior research by systematically unraveling the dual roles of UGS exposure: UGS visitation played as a mediator and UGS availability served as a moderator in the urban density–mental health nexus—a critical gap in existing literature. Our key findings indicated that: (1) Urban density exhibited context-dependent effects: its impacts on three mental health indicators (depression, life satisfaction and sense of worthwhilenss) hinged on UGS availability. (2) Visiting community gardens, municipal parks, and waterfront UGS was particularly effective in reducing depression risk, enhancing life satisfaction, and fostering a sense of worthwhileness, respectively. Engaging with communal gardens and municipal parks was positively associated with all three mental health outcomes. The effects of UGS visitation on mental health surpassed those of UGS availability and urban density. (3) Crucially, we revealed a dual mechanism: UGS visitation fully mediated the adverse effects of high density on mental health, while UGS availability moderated this relationship, mitigating negative impacts of high urban density. These findings provide novel empirical evidence for optimizing UGS planning: increasing UGS and its visitation can reduce the negative mental health impacts of high urban density and prioritizing communal gardens and municipal parks is advisable, given their positive effects on three mental health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105497"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105475
Chen Yang , Mengju Xie , Thushini Mendis
As the global energy crisis and climate change exacerbate urban heat island effects, trees offer significant potential to reduce energy demand by shading solar radiation and improving microclimates. However, there is a lack of comprehensive global reviews on the effects of urban trees on building energy use. This study aims to address the existing research gap by systematically reviewing peer-reviewed literature to investigate the impact of urban trees on building energy use across global climate zones, analyzing the mechanisms and pathway combinations through which trees influence energy use, and exploring optimal tree placement strategies for building energy performance optimization. Results show that trees can reduce cooling energy use by up to 60 %, with savings ranging from 31.75 % in equatorial climates to 4.78 % in snow climates. The impact on heating energy use varies widely, from −63.8 % to 45 %, depending on climate, tree species, and placement. Simulation studies analyze more complex pathway combinations (9 types) compared to empirical research (4 types), revealing methodological gaps in empirical studies of these mechanisms. Spatial analysis shows latitude-dependent optimization patterns, where for cooling, 38.5 % of studies recommend west-side planting while 23 % suggest south-side planting (though less effective at low latitudes). The optimal planting distances cluster at 3 m and 5 m for both cooling and heating effects, with high-latitude cooling extending to 9–12 m spacing. Future research should integrate interdisciplinary approaches, AI modeling, and high-resolution monitoring data to optimize tree-building energy interactions.
{"title":"Evaluating the role of urban trees on building energy use: a global literature review","authors":"Chen Yang , Mengju Xie , Thushini Mendis","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global energy crisis and climate change exacerbate urban heat island effects, trees offer significant potential to reduce energy demand by shading solar radiation and improving microclimates. However, there is a lack of comprehensive global reviews on the effects of urban trees on building energy use. This study aims to address the existing research gap by systematically reviewing peer-reviewed literature to investigate the impact of urban trees on building energy use across global climate zones, analyzing the mechanisms and pathway combinations through which trees influence energy use, and exploring optimal tree placement strategies for building energy performance optimization. Results show that trees can reduce cooling energy use by up to 60 %, with savings ranging from 31.75 % in equatorial climates to 4.78 % in snow climates. The impact on heating energy use varies widely, from −63.8 % to 45 %, depending on climate, tree species, and placement. Simulation studies analyze more complex pathway combinations (9 types) compared to empirical research (4 types), revealing methodological gaps in empirical studies of these mechanisms. Spatial analysis shows latitude-dependent optimization patterns, where for cooling, 38.5 % of studies recommend west-side planting while 23 % suggest south-side planting (though less effective at low latitudes). The optimal planting distances cluster at 3 m and 5 m for both cooling and heating effects, with high-latitude cooling extending to 9–12 m spacing. Future research should integrate interdisciplinary approaches, AI modeling, and high-resolution monitoring data to optimize tree-building energy interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105475"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105481
Ge Hong, Maodan Li, Siyi Liang, Xuefei Wu
With the global extension of novel urban ecosystems (NUEs), it is urgent to significantly adjust the restoration and management strategies apart from the traditional focus on historical assemblages. Urban rewilding provides a transformative direction in this context. However, there is a lack of multi-scale rewilding performance indicators and decision-making tools for NUEs, particularly at the urban habitat scale. Here, we proposed a multi-scale wildness conceptual model that nests from the biotope (plant community) to habitat scale and integrates biotope wildness and evenness based on the self-organization theory, where biotope wildness is constructed with naturalness and integrity. Secondly, we conducted an empirical study on 144 biotopes from 12 core habitats in Wuhan by plant survey and soil sampling. With the universal eukaryotic primer pair NF1F/18Sr2bR and high-throughput sequencing, we identified the main soil eukaryotic groups and assessed the above- and below-ground biodiversity. Next, we employed the spontaneous plant richness and a soil multidiversity index to represent biotope naturalness and integrity, respectively. Finally, we used the random forest algorithm, generalized additive model, and piecewise linear regression to further reveal the determinants of biotope wildness and their thresholds. The selected metrics were proved as good proxies for biotope naturalness and integrity, respectively, and have different determinants. There are indeed thresholds of biotope wildness determinants, which are useful tools for NUE management and restoration. This study highlights the necessity of transformative shifts in urban habitat management and restoration practices and reintroduction of natural processes to enhance urban socio-ecological resilience.
{"title":"Characterization of multi-scale urban habitat wildness: Integration of the rewilding theory into novel urban ecosystem restoration and management","authors":"Ge Hong, Maodan Li, Siyi Liang, Xuefei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the global extension of novel urban ecosystems (NUEs), it is urgent to significantly adjust the restoration and management strategies apart from the traditional focus on historical assemblages. Urban rewilding provides a transformative direction in this context. However, there is a lack of multi-scale rewilding performance indicators and decision-making tools for NUEs, particularly at the urban habitat scale. Here, we proposed a multi-scale wildness conceptual model that nests from the biotope (plant community) to habitat scale and integrates biotope wildness and evenness based on the self-organization theory, where biotope wildness is constructed with naturalness and integrity. Secondly, we conducted an empirical study on 144 biotopes from 12 core habitats in Wuhan by plant survey and soil sampling. With the universal eukaryotic primer pair NF1F/18Sr2bR and high-throughput sequencing, we identified the main soil eukaryotic groups and assessed the above- and below-ground biodiversity. Next, we employed the spontaneous plant richness and a soil multidiversity index to represent biotope naturalness and integrity, respectively. Finally, we used the random forest algorithm, generalized additive model, and piecewise linear regression to further reveal the determinants of biotope wildness and their thresholds. The selected metrics were proved as good proxies for biotope naturalness and integrity, respectively, and have different determinants. There are indeed thresholds of biotope wildness determinants, which are useful tools for NUE management and restoration. This study highlights the necessity of transformative shifts in urban habitat management and restoration practices and reintroduction of natural processes to enhance urban socio-ecological resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105481"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105494
Aleksandra Lis
Safety is often considered a priority when designing and maintaining urban parks. The need for privacy is much less frequently considered in this context, although the chance to seek out quiet places in a park may be an important motivation for visiting and may help to meet the social needs of city dwellers. Therefore, it is worth conducting research on people’s feelings and preferences, whereby the two variables of privacy and safety are examined simultaneously.
This study examined how the features of plant forms in a city park (the type of barriers they create and the naturalness of the plants) simultaneously affect sense of safety, privacy and preference, as well as the mechanism of the relationships between these three variables.
This study was based on intra-group factorial design, where respondents assessed park spaces presented in photos. The photos were manipulated based on AI (Artificial Intelligence) algorithms, as a result, 16 photos were devised according to the research plan: 2 (scene: with a path vs without a path) × 2 (naturalness: natural vs sculpted) × 4 (barriers; screen vs hideout vs functional barrier vs no barrier). The study, conducted in the form of an online survey using the CAWI (computer assisted web interview) method, involved 300 participants. Statistical analyses examined variance (repeated measures ANOVA) and mediating effects (mediation).
It was found that naturalness and barriers have different (opposite) effects on privacy and safety: in general, naturalness reduces safety and increases privacy, while barriers act in this way: the stronger the barrier, the greater the privacy and the weaker the sense of safety. Testing two mediation models (more precisely: suppression) confirmed that the positive impact of sense of privacy on preference is inhibited by sense of safety and vice versa – the positive impact of sense of safety on preference is inhibited by sense of privacy.
This research demonstrates that within the tested spatial features (barriers, naturalness), it is not possible to shape a space that simultaneously provides a high sense of privacy and safety. However, in places featuring plant barriers, sculpting greenery may strengthen the sense of safety while maintaining the privacy offered by the plant cover.
{"title":"Exploring the influence of plant form barriers and naturalness on visitors’ perceptions to park landscapes: a study of interactions between safety, privacy and preference","authors":"Aleksandra Lis","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safety is often considered a priority when designing and maintaining urban parks. The need for privacy is much less frequently considered in this context, although the chance to seek out quiet places in a park may be an important motivation for visiting and may help to meet the social needs of city dwellers. Therefore, it is worth conducting research on people’s feelings and preferences, whereby the two variables of privacy and safety are examined simultaneously.</div><div>This study examined how the features of plant forms in a city park (the type of barriers they create and the naturalness of the plants) simultaneously affect sense of safety, privacy and preference, as well as the mechanism of the relationships between these three variables.</div><div>This study was based on intra-group factorial design, where respondents assessed park spaces presented in photos. The photos were manipulated based on AI (Artificial Intelligence) algorithms, as a result, 16 photos were devised according to the research plan: 2 (scene: with a path vs without a path) × 2 (naturalness: natural vs sculpted) × 4 (barriers; screen vs hideout vs functional barrier vs no barrier). The study, conducted in the form of an online survey using the CAWI (computer assisted web interview) method, involved 300 participants. Statistical analyses examined variance (repeated measures ANOVA) and mediating effects (mediation).</div><div>It was found that naturalness and barriers have different (opposite) effects on privacy and safety: in general, naturalness reduces safety and increases privacy, while barriers act in this way: the stronger the barrier, the greater the privacy and the weaker the sense of safety. Testing two mediation models (more precisely: suppression) confirmed that the positive impact of sense of privacy on preference is inhibited by sense of safety and vice versa – the positive impact of sense of safety on preference is inhibited by sense of privacy.</div><div>This research demonstrates that within the tested spatial features (barriers, naturalness), it is not possible to shape a space that simultaneously provides a high sense of privacy and safety. However, in places featuring plant barriers, sculpting greenery may strengthen the sense of safety while maintaining the privacy offered by the plant cover.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105494"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105467
Jun Yang , Zhe Li , Yuyu Zhou , Xue Bai , Jiaxing Xin , Xuefeng Kang , Gege Nie , Yuqing Zhang , Liang Zhou , Xiangming Xiao , Xueming Li
Urban parks play a crucial role in mitigating the urban heat island effect, and their cooling effects have been widely studied. However, data resolution limitations hinder the accurate capture of micro-scale temperature variations, leading to assessment biases. This study analyzed 36 parks within Beijing’s Fourth Ring Road, employing a downscaling model based on Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery to generate high-resolution land surface temperature (LST) data. Using maximum and cumulative cooling indicators alongside an improved threshold value of efficiency (TVoE) method, we examined how enhanced data resolution influences park cooling assessment outcomes. Results indicated that low-resolution LST data fail to accurately capture the first turning point (FTP) of the cooling curve, leading to varying degrees of overestimation in park cooling effects depending on the cooling indicator and park size. Specifically, park cooling distance (PCD), area (PCA), and efficiency (PCE) were overestimated by factors of 2.35, 1.80, and 6.21, respectively, with smaller parks showing more pronounced biases. Conversely, park cooling intensity (PCI) remained stable across resolutions. This anomaly may obscure overestimation issues and lead to underestimation of the TVoE (with the PCI-based TVoE being significantly lower than that derived from PCD and PCA), thereby misleading the practical planning, hindering the precise implementation of heat governance policies, and weakening the effectiveness of urban heat risk management. Therefore, future research should prioritize verifying PCD accuracy refine both data resolution and methodology to improve the precision of park cooling assessments, thereby providing more scientifically grounded guidance for urban park planning aimed at heat governance.
{"title":"Systematic overestimation of urban Parks’ cooling effects may mislead heat-governance-oriented park planning","authors":"Jun Yang , Zhe Li , Yuyu Zhou , Xue Bai , Jiaxing Xin , Xuefeng Kang , Gege Nie , Yuqing Zhang , Liang Zhou , Xiangming Xiao , Xueming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban parks play a crucial role in mitigating the urban heat island effect, and their cooling effects have been widely studied. However, data resolution limitations hinder the accurate capture of micro-scale temperature variations, leading to assessment biases. This study analyzed 36 parks within Beijing’s Fourth Ring Road, employing a downscaling model based on Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery to generate high-resolution land surface temperature (LST) data. Using maximum and cumulative cooling indicators alongside an improved threshold value of efficiency (TVoE) method, we examined how enhanced data resolution influences park cooling assessment outcomes. Results indicated that low-resolution LST data fail to accurately capture the first turning point (FTP) of the cooling curve, leading to varying degrees of overestimation in park cooling effects depending on the cooling indicator and park size. Specifically, park cooling distance (PCD), area (PCA), and efficiency (PCE) were overestimated by factors of 2.35, 1.80, and 6.21, respectively, with smaller parks showing more pronounced biases. Conversely, park cooling intensity (PCI) remained stable across resolutions. This anomaly may obscure overestimation issues and lead to underestimation of the TVoE (with the PCI-based TVoE being significantly lower than that derived from PCD and PCA), thereby misleading the practical planning, hindering the precise implementation of heat governance policies, and weakening the effectiveness of urban heat risk management. Therefore, future research should prioritize verifying PCD accuracy refine both data resolution and methodology to improve the precision of park cooling assessments, thereby providing more scientifically grounded guidance for urban park planning aimed at heat governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105467"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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