Bacteriological Reviews最新文献

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Extrachromosomal elements as possible agents of adaptation and development. 染色体外因子作为适应和发育的可能媒介。

Bacteriological Reviews

Pub Date : 1976-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/br.40.3.552-590.1976

D Reanney

INTRODUCTION............................................................. 552 MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION ....... ........................ 553 INSUFFICIENCY OF THE CLASSICAL MECHANISM(S) ...... ................ 553 Two Types of Molecular Evolution ............................................ 553 Role of Mutation ............................................................ 554 MUTATION: A REEXAMINATION ........... ................................. 555 STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE: A COMPARISON OF TWO ADAPTIVE MODES 556 TERMINOLOGY OF ECEs ................ .................................... 557 ECOLOGY OF ECEs......................................................... 558 HOST RANGES OF ECEs IN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS ...... ................. 560 GENES CARRIED BY ECEs .............. .................................... 561 GENETIC "COMPLEXITY" OF A PROKARYOTIC SPECIES ...... ............ 563 GENETIC PROCESSES MEDIATED BY ECEs ....... ......................... 567 Dissemination of Existing Genes ........... .................................. 567 cell-to-ECE-to-cell gene transfer ............................................ 567 phage conversion........................................................... 567 ECE-to-cell-to-ECE gene transfer .......... ................................ 568 Genome Sizing ............................................................... 568 Controlled Randomization of Genomes ........................................ 568 IS elements and phage Mu ............. .................................... 568 permuted phage genomes ................................................... 569 Natural Genetic Engineering ............. .................................... 569 processes of polynucleotide exchange involving resident homology ..... ....... 569 polynucleotide exchange involving nonresident homology ...... .............. 571 evolution of R factors in bacteria .......... .............. ..................... 572 significance of sequence duplication in natural genetic engineering ..... ...... 572 universality and frequency of natural genetic engineering ...... .............. 574 Miscellaneous......................................... ..................... 575 OTHER EVIDENCE FOR POSSIBLE PROCESSES OF ECE-MEDIATED POLYNUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE ........... ................................. 575 Dispersed State of Specific (Plant) Proteins ........ ........................... 575 "Simultaneous" Appearance of Similar Genes in Unrelated Organisms ..... ..... 575 PROCESSES OF POLYNUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE AMONG EUKARYOTES ... 576 POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF ECEs (RNA TUMOR VIRUSES) IN EMBRYOGENESIS ............................................................... 576 RNA TUMOR VIRUSES IN INTERSPECIFIC GENE TRANSFER ..... ......... 577 RNA TUMOR VIRUSES AND REGULATORY PROCESSES IN HIGHER ORGANISMS ................................................................. 578 EPIGENETIC ELEMENTS IN ANIMALS AND IN PLANTS ...... .............. 578 POSSIBLE CANDIDATES FOR EPIGEN

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引用次数: 1

Group B streptococci in human disease. B群链球菌在人类疾病中的作用。

Bacteriological Reviews

Pub Date : 1976-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.40.3.774-792.1976

M. Patterson, A. El Batool Hafeez

INTRODUCTION .............................. 774 History and Nomenclature .............................. 774 Human Disease .............................. 774 THE AGENT .............................. 775 Strains of Bovine and Human Origin ............ .................. 775 Seroclassification .............................. 775 Virulence Factors .............................. 776 Metabolism .............................. 777 CLINICAL DISEASE SPECTRUM ......... ..................... 777 Early Recognition ............................. 777 Neonatal Disease .............................. 778 Disease in Older Children and Adults .......... ................... 779 PATHOGENESIS .............................. 779 Perinatal Colonization .............................. 779 Postnatal Colonization ............................. 780 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS ............................. 780 Selective Broth Medium for Primary Isolation ................................. 780 Presumptive Identification ............ ......................... 781 Serological Identification .......... ........................... 782 IMMUNOLOGY ...................................... 782 Host Antibody Response .......... ........................... 782 Leukocytic Response ........ ............................. 783 EPIDEMIOLOGY ...................................... 783 Incidence ...................................... 783 Source ...................................... 784 Transmission ...................................... 784 Microbial Persistence ......... ............................ 784 Race ...................................... 785 Sex ..................................... 785 Other Factors ...................................... 785 PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT ...................................... 785 Spectrum of Antimicrobial Susceptibility ..................................... 785 Carrier Prophylaxis ..................................... 785 CONCLUDING REMARKS .......... ........................... 787 LITERATURE CITED ........ ............................. 787

介绍 ..............................774年历史和术语 ..............................774人类疾病..............................774代理..............................775株的牛和人类的起源 ............ ..................775年Seroclassification ..............................775年毒力因素 ..............................776新陈代谢..............................777年临床疾病谱系 ......... .....................777年早期识别 .............................777年新生儿疾病 ..............................778年疾病在年龄较大的儿童和成年人 .......... ...................779发病机制..............................779年围产期殖民 ..............................779年出生后殖民 .............................780年实验室诊断 .............................780选择性肉汤培养基主要隔离 .................................780年筛检 ............ .........................781年血清学鉴定 .......... ...........................782年免疫学 ......................................782主机抗体反应 .......... ...........................782白血球的响应 ........ .............................783年流行病学 ......................................783年发病率 ......................................783年源 ......................................784年的传播 ......................................784微生物持久性 ......... ............................784种族......................................785性.....................................785年的其他因素 ......................................785预防和治疗 ......................................785年药敏谱 .....................................785年航母预防 .....................................785结束语 .......... ...........................787年文献引用 ........ .............................787

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引用次数: 69

Sulfate ester formation and hydrolysis: a potentially important yet often ignored aspect of the sulfur cycle of aerobic soils. 硫酸盐酯的形成和水解:一个潜在的重要但经常被忽视的方面的好氧土壤的硫循环。

Bacteriological Reviews

Pub Date : 1976-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.40.3.698-721.1976

J. Fitzgerald

引用次数: 148

Microorganisms and cyanide. 微生物和氰化物。

Bacteriological Reviews

Pub Date : 1976-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/br.40.3.652-680.1976

C J Knowles

INTRODUCTION............................................................. 652 PLANTCYANOGENESIS,. ...................... ............................... 652 CYANIDE PRODUCTION BY FUNGI .......... ............................... 653 Cyanide-Linked Diseases .................... ................................ 653 Snow mold disease ........................................................ 653 Fairy ring disease ......................................................... 655 Copperspot disease ........................................................ 655 Cyanide Production in Culture ................ ............................... 656 Formation of Cyanogens . .................................................... 656 CYANIDE PRODUCTION BY BACTERIA .......... ........................... 657 Species Producing Cyanide .................... .............................. 657 Conditions of Cyanide Production ............. ............................... 657 Metabolic Precursors of Cyanide .............. ............................... 658 SPECULATIONS ON THE METABOLIC PATHWAY OF CYANIDE PRODUCTION BY MICROORGANISMS ................. ............................... 658 CYANIDE ASSIMILATION BY CYANOGENIC MICROORGANISMS ..... ...... 660 Alanine Formation .......................................................... 660 Glutamic Acid Formation ................................................... 661 a-Aminobutyric Acid Formation .............. ............................... 661 j3-Cyanoalanine Formation ................... ............................... 661 'y-Cyano-a-aminobutyric Acid Formation 665 GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS ONCYANIDE. 665 UTILIZATION OF CYANIDE BY MICROBIAL ECOSYSTEMS ..... ........... 666 Soil Ecosystems.............................................................. 666 Disposal of Cyanide Wastes by Sewage Systems ............................... 667 MECHANISMS OF CYANIDE RESISTANCE AND DETOXICATION ..... ...... 669 Cyanide-Resistant Respiration .............. ................................. 669 Achromobacter ............................................................ 669 Bacilus cereus ........................................................... 670 Chromobacterium violaceum ................. .............................. 670 Ewcherichia colU .......................................................... 671 Tetrahymenapyriformni.n .................. ................................ 671 Cyanide Detoxication ....................................................... 672 CONCLUDING REMARKS..................................................... 673 LITERATURECITED. ............... 674

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引用次数: 13

Enterobacterial common antigen. 肠杆菌共同抗原。

Bacteriological Reviews

Pub Date : 1976-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.40.3.591-632.1976

P. Mäkelä, H. Mayer

引用次数: 58

Lazzaro Spallanzani's Opuscoli of 1776. 拉撒路·斯巴达尼1776年的小册子。

Bacteriological Reviews

Pub Date : 1976-06-01 DOI: 10.1128/br.40.2.270-275.1976

R N Doetsch

INTRODUCTION THEORIES OF BUFFON AND NEEDHAM POSITION: PREFORMATIONISM WITH INFUSIONS

引用次数: 4

Degradation of purines and pyrimidines by microorganisms. 微生物对嘌呤和嘧啶的降解

Bacteriological Reviews

Pub Date : 1976-06-01 DOI: 10.1128/br.40.2.403-468.1976

G D Vogels, C Van der Drift

[This corrects the article on p. 403 in vol. 40.].

引用次数: 445

Recalibrated Linkage Map of Escherichia coli K-12. 重新校准的大肠杆菌K-12连锁图谱。

Bacteriological Reviews

Pub Date : 1976-06-01

[This corrects the article on p. 116 in vol. 40.].

[这是对第四十卷第一一六页的文章的更正]。

引用次数: 0

Immunocompetent cells in resistance to bacterial infections. 免疫活性细胞抵抗细菌感染。

Bacteriological Reviews

Pub Date : 1976-06-01 DOI: 10.1128/br.40.2.284-313.1976

P A Campbell

INTRODUCTION .................................... 284 Nonspecific Resistance to Infection .......................................... 284 Specific Resistance to Infection .............................................. 285 CELLS INVOLVED IN HUMORAL ANTIBODY PRODUCTION ............. 285 CELLS INVOLVED IN CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY ................. 287 HUMORAL ANTIBODIES IN RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL INFECTION ... 289 Agglutinins ................................................................. 289 Opsonins .................................................................. 289 Precipitins .................................................................. 290 Bacteriolysins .............................................................. 290 Other Antibacterial Antibodies .............................................. 290 CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE MECHANISMS IN RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL INFECTION .............................................................. 291 Migration Inhibition Factor ................................................. 291 Macrophage Chemotactic Factor ............................................. 291 Chemotactic Factor for Leukocytes .......................................... 292 Blastogenic Factor for Lymphocytes ......................................... 292 Transfer Factor ............................................................. 292 BACTERIAL ADJUVANTS ............................... 292 Lipopolysaccharide .......................................................... 292 BordeteUa pertussis .................. ....................................... 293 Mycobacteria and Mycobacterial Components ............... ........... 294 Corynebacterium parvum and Nocardia ....................................... 294 Listeria monocytogenes .................... ........................ 294 Other Bacterial Adjuvants ............................................ 294 ROLE OF MACROPHAGES ............................................ 294 Stimulation of Macrophages by Other Cells and Factors ........ ............... 295 Stimulation of Macrophages by Antibodies ................. .................. 295 Stimulation of Macrophages by Bacteria ..................................... 295 Stimulation of Macrophages by Chemicals ................... ................. 295 Effects of Macrophages and Macrophage Products on Other Cells ..... ......... 296 Macrophage Mediators .................................................... 296 ROLE OF THYMUS-DERIVED CELLS (T CELLS) ........... ................ 296 Stimulation of T Lymphocytes by Antigens ........... ........................ 297 Stimulation of T Lymphocytes by Mitogens ........... ........................ 297 Specificity of Resistance to Bacterial Infections ......... ..................... 297 ROLE OF BONE MARROW-DERIVED CELLS ............. .................. 298 B Cells in Humoral Antibody Production ............. ........................ 298 Bone Marrow-Derived Cells in Cell-Mediated Immunity ....... ................ 298 S

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引用次数: 3

Structure and morphogenesis of the bacterial spore coat. 细菌孢子外壳的结构和形态发生。

Bacteriological Reviews

Pub Date : 1976-06-01 DOI: 10.1128/br.40.2.360-402.1976

A I Aronson, P Fitz-James

INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 360 MORPHOLOGY OF THE SPORE COAT LAYERS ..... ........................ 361 Freeze-Etch Preparations and Sections of Control, Sulfite-Treated, and Mutant Spores ........................................... .......... . 361 Germinating Spores ......................................................... 365 Comparative Structural Features of Various Species ..... ..................... 365 Parasporal Inclusions in Relation to Spore Coats ........ .................. 367 EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COAT POLYPEPTIDES .... .... 371 DIFFERENTIAL SOLUBILIZATION OF SPORE COAT LAYERS .... .......... 381 KINETICS OF SYNTHESIS OF SPORE COAT PROTEIN ..... ................. 385 MORPHOGENESIS OF THE OUTER COAT: INCORPORATION OF HALF-CYSTINE RESIDUES ............................................................ 389 Model for Coat Assembly .................................................. 391 ANALYSIS OF PRESUMPTIVE SPORE COAT MUTANTS .... ................. 394 FUNCTIONS OF THE SPORE COAT ......... ................................. 395 SPORE COAT-RELATED PROTEINS ......... ................................ 396 CRITICAL REVIEW AND SUMMARY ......... ................................ 396 GENERAL REMARKS AND SPECULATIONS ON FUTURE STUDIES .... ..... 398 LITERATURE CITED ......................................................... 399

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引用次数: 26

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