Anthropocene最新文献_第8页

Adapting to a shifting planet: The future of Drosera species amidst global challenges and conservation imperatives 适应一个不断变化的星球：在全球挑战和保护的必要性中，Drosera物种的未来

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100466

Ulises Olivares-Pinto , Julio Cesar Santiago Lopes , Criseida Ruiz-Aguilar , Yumi Oki , Geraldo Wilson Fernandes

This study assesses the potential effects of climate change on the distribution of the Drosera genus, which is a carnivorous plant group widely distributed in South America. The Drosera species act as adequate biological indicators, with their fitness performance reflecting the health of ecosystems. Through the application of species distribution models and the analysis of bioclimatic variables, the adaptability of 39 Drosera species to evolving climatic conditions was assessed, revealing their capacity to thrive in diverse habitats, from nutrient-deficient soils to regions with high atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. While many species show adaptability, environmental forecasts using two General Circulation Models indicate a decrease in favorable habitats by 2050 and 2070. It is expected that about 71.79 % of species will encounter shrinking habitat suitability, while 28.21 % may see an increase in habitat suitability. This anticipated habitat loss underscores the critical need for proactive conservation measures, including habitat preservation, ecological restoration, assisted migration, and genetic conservation efforts, to counteract the adverse effects of climate change. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of refining species distribution models and deepening our understanding of the ecological dynamics of Drosera species in response to environmental changes. By offering insights into the challenges and opportunities for conserving Drosera species in a changing climate, this work lays a solid groundwork for future ecological research and conservation initiatives. It calls for an integrated approach that combines scientific inquiry with strategic conservation actions to ensure the survival of these unique plant group and ecological integrity during global environmental shifts.

本研究评估了气候变化对广泛分布于南美洲的肉食性植物群Drosera属分布的潜在影响。Drosera物种作为足够的生物指标，其适应度表现反映了生态系统的健康状况。通过应用物种分布模型和生物气候变量分析，评估了39种Drosera物种对不断变化的气候条件的适应性，揭示了它们在不同栖息地（从营养缺乏的土壤到大气中二氧化碳浓度高的地区）茁壮成长的能力。虽然许多物种表现出适应性，但使用两种环流模式的环境预测表明，到2050年和2070年，有利栖息地将减少。预计71.79 %的物种会出现生境适宜性下降，28.21 %的物种会出现生境适宜性上升。这种预期的栖息地丧失强调了积极保护措施的迫切需要，包括栖息地保护、生态恢复、辅助迁徙和遗传保护工作，以抵消气候变化的不利影响。此外，该研究强调了完善物种分布模型和加深我们对Drosera物种响应环境变化的生态动力学的理解的重要性。通过深入了解在气候变化中保护Drosera物种的挑战和机遇，这项工作为未来的生态研究和保护倡议奠定了坚实的基础。它呼吁采取一种综合的方法，将科学调查与战略保护行动相结合，以确保这些独特的植物群在全球环境变化期间的生存和生态完整性。

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引用次数: 0

Sedimentary indicators of anthropogenic impact in Fildes Peninsula lakes (King George Island, Maritime Antarctica) 南极海域乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛湖泊人为影响的沉积指标

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100465

Florencia Bertoglio , Claudia Piccini , Santiago Giralt , Roberto Urrutia , Dermot Antoniades

Fildes Peninsula, on King George Island, is among the Antarctic sites with the most intense human activity and is located in a region strongly influenced by global warming. While alterations to its once pristine environments have been noted, there is a lack of data concerning the region’s natural state before the increased human presence (∼1968). We studied seven lakes from Fildes Peninsula to assess anthropogenic effects on their ecological processes by studying pre- and post-anthropic sediments with a top-bottom approach. We examined differences in bacterial and phytoplankton communities using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) pigments and analysis of sediment metals. We observed lake-specific differences in bacterial communities between pre- and post-anthropic samples. Using indicator species analysis, we identified bacteria associated with polluted environments (e.g., KD4–96, Bacteroidetes vadinHA17, Hungateiclostridiaceae and Leptolinea) in post-anthropic sediments from two lakes that showed notable increases of metals. As both lakes are very close to roads and airport infrastructure, these associations may imply the greater recent presence of compounds including petroleum derivatives. Results indicated good preservation of bacterial DNA, but also that diagenetic processes may have affected pigment concentrations. Our data suggest that bacterial DNA may be used as a sedimentary proxy to reconstruct environmental changes including anthropogenic impacts in Antarctic lakes.

位于乔治国王岛上的菲尔德斯半岛是南极人类活动最激烈的地点之一，位于受全球变暖影响强烈的地区。虽然已经注意到其曾经原始环境的变化，但缺乏有关人类增加之前该地区自然状态的数据（~ 1968）。本文以菲尔德斯半岛的7个湖泊为研究对象，采用自上而下的方法研究了人类活动前和人类活动后的沉积物，以评估人类活动对湖泊生态过程的影响。我们利用16S rRNA元条形码、高效液相色谱（HPLC）色素和沉积物金属分析来研究细菌和浮游植物群落的差异。我们观察到人类活动前和人类活动后样本中细菌群落的湖泊特异性差异。通过指示种分析，我们在两个湖泊的后人类活动沉积物中发现了与污染环境相关的细菌（如KD4-96， Bacteroidetes vadinHA17， Hungateiclostridiaceae和Leptolinea），金属含量显著增加。由于这两个湖都非常靠近道路和机场基础设施，这些关联可能意味着包括石油衍生物在内的化合物最近更大的存在。结果表明细菌DNA保存良好，但成岩过程可能影响了色素浓度。我们的数据表明，细菌DNA可以作为沉积代用物来重建环境变化，包括南极湖泊的人为影响。

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引用次数: 0

Patagonia's Late Holocene lake sediments reveal no major black carbon sources for Antarctica 巴塔哥尼亚晚全新世湖泊沉积物显示南极洲没有主要的黑碳来源

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100458

Sandra O. Camara-Brugger , David B. McWethy , Nathan J. Chellman , Oliver Heiri , Andrés Holz , Kyla Zaret , Joseph R. McConnell

Black carbon from biomass and fossil fuel burning is an important aerosol in the climate system. Understanding its historical variation is crucial to constrain current anthropogenic and wildfire impacts on the atmosphere. Patagonia was proposed previously as a major source region for the late 13^th century black carbon increase observed in an ice core from the northern Antarctic Peninsula but not in continental Antarctic ice cores. Here, we reconstruct regional black carbon trends using high-resolution measurements of refractory black carbon (rBC) in two Patagonian lake-sediment cores spanning the last two millennia and compare the results with other records of fire activity in the region. Our new rBC reconstruction, which is consistent with macroscopic charcoal data from the same sites as well as regional charcoal data, indicates low fire activity in this region of Patagonia over the past 2000 years, with no major, long-lasting and systematic increase from the 13^th century onwards that goes significantly beyond values detected earlier in these records. The consistently low rBC deposition at these sites suggests that Patagonian emissions did not contribute to the observed late 13^th century rBC increases in ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula. Moreover, the low amounts of rBC deposition throughout the Industrial Period suggests that Patagonian rBC records primarily reflect emissions from regional biomass burning and not fossil fuel combustion.

生物质和化石燃料燃烧产生的黑碳是气候系统中重要的气溶胶。了解其历史变化对于限制当前人类活动和野火对大气的影响至关重要。巴塔哥尼亚以前被认为是13世纪晚期在南极半岛北部的冰芯中观测到的黑碳增加的主要来源，但在南极大陆的冰芯中没有观测到。在这里，我们利用对两个巴塔哥尼亚湖沉积物岩心中过去两千年的耐火黑碳（rBC）的高分辨率测量重建了该地区的黑碳趋势，并将结果与该地区其他火灾活动记录进行了比较。我们的新rBC重建，与来自同一地点的宏观木炭数据以及区域木炭数据一致，表明在过去的2000年里，巴塔哥尼亚地区的火灾活动很低，从13世纪开始，没有重大的、长期的和系统的增加，大大超出了这些记录中早期检测到的值。这些地点持续的低rBC沉积表明，巴塔哥尼亚的排放并没有导致观测到的13世纪晚期南极半岛冰芯中rBC的增加。此外，整个工业时期红细胞沉积量低表明，巴塔哥尼亚红细胞记录主要反映了区域生物质燃烧的排放，而不是化石燃料燃烧。

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引用次数: 0

Macroplastic colonization by macroinvertebrates in a Mediterranean wetland: A biodiversity enrichment opportunity 大型无脊椎动物在地中海湿地的大塑性定植：一个丰富生物多样性的机会

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100461

Davide Taurozzi , Giulia Cesarini , Massimiliano Scalici

Coastal wetlands are sensitive ecological systems that provide crucial ecosystem services, but often affected by anthropogenic pollutants. Plastics, in particular, represent a threat to the survival and fitness of many aquatic species. In fact, once plastics are released into freshwater environments, they can result in critical threats for fitness and survival of many aquatic organisms. Among these, macroinvertebrates represent a sensitive bioindicator for evaluating the environmental impacts of plastics. In this context, we investigated the colonization of virgin macroplastic substrates composed of two different polymers and located at two different depths in a protected wetland in Central Italy over a period of 10 months. The results show the tendency of macroinvertebrates to colonize plastic substrates artificially placed in water. Our findings highlight that macroinvertebrates mainly colonize polystyrene substrates over than polyethylene terephthalate ones. Moreover, floating substrates show a greater number of taxa found than dipped ones, highlighting that depth is also an important factor to discriminate the colonization of macroinvertebrates on plastic substrates. Furthermore, an ecologically diversified community emerged, in which there are mostly univoltine organisms, with dimensions between 5 and 20 mm, predators, choppers and scrapers that feed on plant organisms and animals. Consequently, plastic substrates might increase biodiversity in polluted waters by offering new surfaces for colonization. Overall, further studies are needed to determine whether the presence of plastic litter could also support the establishment of a macroinvertebrate community comprising taxa that exploit different ecological niches.

沿海湿地是敏感的生态系统，提供重要的生态系统服务，但经常受到人为污染物的影响。特别是塑料，对许多水生物种的生存和健康构成了威胁。事实上，一旦塑料被释放到淡水环境中，它们会对许多水生生物的健康和生存造成严重威胁。其中，大型无脊椎动物是评估塑料对环境影响的敏感生物指标。在此背景下，我们研究了由两种不同聚合物组成的原生宏塑性基质在意大利中部一个受保护湿地的两个不同深度的定植，为期10个月。结果表明，大型无脊椎动物倾向于在人工放置在水中的塑料基质中定居。我们的研究结果强调，大型无脊椎动物主要定殖聚苯乙烯底物而不是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯底物。此外，漂浮底物比浸入底物显示出更多的分类群，这表明深度也是区分大型无脊椎动物在塑料底物上定殖的重要因素。此外，还形成了一个生态多样化的群落，其中以单一型生物为主，尺寸在5 ~ 20 mm之间，以植物和动物为食的掠食者、掠食者和掠食者。因此，塑料基质可能通过提供新的表面来增加受污染水域的生物多样性。总的来说，需要进一步的研究来确定塑料凋落物的存在是否也支持由利用不同生态位的分类群组成的大型无脊椎动物群落的建立。

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引用次数: 0

Human versus climate interactions on riverine flood characteristics in the largest Indian Peninsular basin 人类与气候相互作用对印度半岛最大流域河流洪水特征的影响

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100463

Shreejit Pandey , Somil Swarnkar , Vikas Poonia , Soumya Kundu , Meghomala Ghosal

Globally, over one in five people face 100-year flood risk, particularly in low-income regions. Flood risk is rising, especially in densely populated developing economies and areas with extreme meteorological conditions. Floods cause significant economic and health impacts, highlighting the urgent need for flood-resistant communities and preparedness. Policymakers must understand the regional and temporal distributions of flood risk to develop effective prevention and mitigation strategies. Human activities, such as dams and reservoir operations, have been shown to reduce flood intensity in many areas, though their impact varies by geography and purpose. This study investigates flood dynamics in the Godavari basin, the largest river basin in the Indian peninsula, significantly affected by large-scale dams and reservoirs. Using the Peaks Over Threshold (POT) method, generalized Pareto distribution (GPD), and CUSUM time series analysis, we analyzed flood characteristics such as peak, volume, and duration. Our results reveal that the east-central (Wainganga sub-basin) and eastern (Indravati and Sabari sub-basins) regions are major contributors to increased flood volume, peak, and duration in downstream areas. In contrast, the western and west-central Godavari regions, characterized by numerous dams, experience smaller flood volumes, peaks, and durations due to dam operations and moderate climatic conditions. However, undammed regions in the east-central and eastern Godavari, lacking flood control infrastructure and experiencing severe climatic conditions, face large-scale floods with high risk. These findings offer critical insights into regional flood characteristics and factors, supporting the development of effective flood management strategies for the Godavari basin.

在全球范围内，超过五分之一的人面临百年一遇的洪水风险，特别是在低收入地区。洪水风险正在上升，特别是在人口密集的发展中经济体和气象条件极端的地区。洪水造成重大的经济和健康影响，突出了抗洪社区和备灾的迫切需要。决策者必须了解洪水风险的区域和时间分布，以制定有效的预防和缓解战略。人类活动，如水坝和水库的运作，已经被证明在许多地区降低了洪水的强度，尽管它们的影响因地理和目的而异。本研究调查了印度半岛最大的河流流域哥达瓦里流域的洪水动态，该流域受到大型水坝和水库的显著影响。利用峰值超过阈值（POT）方法、广义帕累托分布（GPD）和CUSUM时间序列分析，分析了洪水的峰值、体积和持续时间等特征。研究结果表明，中东部（万甘加子流域）和东部（因德拉瓦蒂和萨巴里子流域）地区是下游地区洪水量、峰值和持续时间增加的主要贡献者。相比之下，哥达瓦里西部和中西部地区的特点是有许多水坝，由于水坝的运行和温和的气候条件，经历了较小的洪水量，峰值和持续时间。然而，哥达瓦里中东部和东部的无水坝地区缺乏防洪基础设施，气候条件恶劣，面临大规模洪水的高风险。这些发现为了解区域洪水特征和影响因素提供了重要见解，为哥达瓦里盆地制定有效的洪水管理策略提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Adapt research to the Anthropocene 使研究适应人类世

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100455

Stefanie Christmann

Scientists measure how humans’ footprints deteriorate the global environment and our life, but neither monitoring nor technical solutions bend the curves. Homo sapiens is the dominating species of the Anthropocene. Should we re-focus research and explore potential transformation of the command centers of overexploitation: people's minds? The most important challenge for research in the Anthropocene is transformation of humans and their political and economic entities to respect the planet’s boundaries. Non-adapted research can mislead policies. On the example of two crucial risks, pollinator loss and climate change, the manuscript compares state-of-the-art research and what is needed. The examples show the necessary scope and depth of transformation. How to give more room for divergent intelligence, creativity and criticality in scientific and educational environments? The research sector must decide to either transform humans’ minds towards planetary responsible political performance or accept that AIscene might follow the Anthropocene and adapt humans to earth.

科学家们测量了人类的足迹是如何恶化全球环境和我们的生活的，但无论是监测还是技术解决方案都无法使曲线弯曲。智人是人类世的主要物种。我们是否应该重新调整研究重点，探索改变过度开发的指挥中心--人们的思想--的可能性？人类世研究面临的最重要挑战是改造人类及其政治和经济实体，使其尊重地球的边界。不适应的研究会误导政策。手稿以授粉者丧失和气候变化这两大关键风险为例，比较了最先进的研究和所需的研究。这些例子显示了转型所需的广度和深度。如何在科学和教育环境中为多元智能、创造性和批判性提供更多空间？研究部门必须做出决定，要么转变人类的思想，使其对地球负责，要么接受人工智能世界可能会追随人类世并使人类适应地球。

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “20th century climate warming and human disturbance triggered high aquatic production and strong water-column mixing in maar Lake Xiaolongwan, northeastern China” [Anthropocene 47 (2024) 100442] “20世纪气候变暖和人为干扰导致中国东北小龙湾马尔湖水产高产和强水柱混合”的勘误表[人类世47 (2024)100442]

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100456

Luyao Tu , Hongpan Xue , Xin Zhou , Xuanqiao Liu , Paul D. Zander , Tao Huang , Lize Meng , Wangyang Kan , Changchun Huang , Martin Grosjean

引用次数: 0

Anthropocene on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: A Holocene perspective from multiple sedimentary records 青藏高原东缘的人类世：从多种沉积记录透视全新世

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100451

Duo Wu , Lili Pan , Weifeng Kong , Fahu Chen

The Anthropocene is described as the period since ∼1950 when human activities modified the boundary conditions of the Earth system and became the dominant driver of environmental changes. However, since the term ‘Anthropocene’ was proposed, there has been a debate regarding its start date, and several workers are even opposed to its formalization. A prerequisite for clarifying the debate on the start date of the Anthropocene is a historical perspective, which can help determine the form, degree, rate, and trajectory of human influences on the environment. Here, we focus on the Paleoanthropocene as recorded on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. We propose that human activity has had a profound impact on the natural environment of the region during the Holocene owing to the combined impacts of alpine pastoralism, land-cover change caused by deforestation, heavy metal pollution of lakes, agricultural soil erosion, and lake eutrophication caused by industry and agriculture. It is apparent that the terms ‘Anthropocene’ and ‘Anthropocene Science’ have far-reaching meanings, offering great opportunities for interdisciplinary integration and encouraging us to think more deeply about the sustainable development of human society, despite the fact that the impacts of humans and their environmental footprint in geological archives may be transient.

人类世 "是指自 1950 年以来，人类活动改变了地球系统的边界条件，并成为环境变化的主要驱动力的时期。然而，自 "人类世 "一词提出以来，关于它的起始时间一直存在争论，一些学者甚至反对将其正式化。澄清 "人类世 "开始时间争论的一个先决条件是历史视角，这有助于确定人类对环境影响的形式、程度、速度和轨迹。在此，我们重点讨论青藏高原东缘所记录的古人类世。我们认为，在全新世期间，人类活动对该地区的自然环境产生了深远的影响，这是由于高山放牧、森林砍伐造成的土地覆盖变化、湖泊重金属污染、农业水土流失以及工业和农业造成的湖泊富营养化等因素共同作用的结果。显然，"人类世 "和 "人类世科学 "这两个术语具有深远的含义，为跨学科整合提供了巨大的机会，并鼓励我们更深入地思考人类社会的可持续发展，尽管人类及其环境足迹在地质档案中的影响可能是短暂的。

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引用次数: 0

Rethinking the Anthropocene: Not a time-transgressive event but a sudden rupture on the geologic time scale 反思人类世：不是跨时代事件，而是地质时间尺度上的突然断裂

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100454

Abhik Chakraborty

The recent decision by the International Commission on Stratigraphy to reject the Anthropocene as an Epoch has reignited the debate on its definition. Some scholars have argued for interpreting the Anthropocene as an Event with no specific point of onset, but this argument has its shortcomings, including the fact that the term event has multiple connotations. This Viewpoint adds important insight to the ongoing debate by positing that (i) deliberations on the Anthropocene’s definition should not be confined to geological and historical viewpoints and must include ecological insights, and (ii) there is widespread evidence of anthropogenic reconfiguration of the planetary biosphere which translates to an accelerating sixth mass extinction as well as a conspicuous rise in the Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity (HANPP) at an unprecedented rate during the past few decades. When considered together with rapid anthropogenic climate change, these trends mark a major departure from previous trends on the geologic timescale, and they clearly show that the planetary biosphere has recently undergone a sudden and abrupt shift into a novel state, which cannot be adequately described by a temporally diffuse, gradual event; and must be conceptualized as a rupture—a geologically sudden major departure from prevalent trends; which in turn justifies the conceptualization of the Anthropocene as a separate chronostratigraphic unit. Understanding the catastrophic nature of the recent anthropogenic impact on the planetary biosphere is crucial for interpreting the Anthropocene and geologists must be cautious not to dilute its magnitude.

国际地层学委员会最近决定拒绝将 "人类世 "作为一个纪元，这再次引发了关于其定义的争论。一些学者主张将 "人类世 "解释为没有具体起始点的 "事件"，但这一论点有其不足之处，包括 "事件 "一词具有多重内涵。本观点为正在进行的辩论增添了重要的见解，它认为：(i) 有关人类世定义的讨论不应局限于地质和历史观点，还必须包括生态学见解；(ii) 有广泛的证据表明，人类活动对地球生物圈进行了重新配置，这意味着第六次生物大灭绝正在加速，而且在过去几十年中，人类占用净初级生产力（HANPP）以前所未有的速度显著上升。当把这些趋势与快速的人为气候变化结合起来考虑时，它们标志着在地质时间尺度上与以往趋势的重大背离，它们清楚地表明，地球生物圈最近经历了一次突然和突变，进入了一种新的状态，而这种新状态无法用一个在时间上分散的渐进事件来充分描述；必须将其概念化为一种断裂--一种在地质学上与普遍趋势的突然重大背离；这反过来又证明了将 "人类世 "概念化为一个独立的年代地层单元是合理的。了解近期人类活动对地球生物圈造成的灾难性影响对于解释 "人类世 "至关重要，地质学家必须谨慎行事，不要淡化其严重性。

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引用次数: 0

Human-induced landscape modification in the in the last two centuries in the Po delta plain (Northern Italy) 波河三角洲平原（意大利北部）过去两个世纪中人为造成的地貌变化

IF 3.3 2区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Anthropocene

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100453

Luigi Bruno , Matteo Meli , Maria Luisa Garberi

Historical maps with high degree of accuracy permit quantitative reconstructions of past land use and land cover (LULC), crucial to assess the impact of human activities on landscape evolution. After georeferencing in a modern reference system, the Carta del Ferrarese commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte and completed in 1814, has been used to quantify the changes in LULC, occurred in the last two centuries in the Po delta plain. The map depicts a palaeo-landscape dominated by wetlands (49 % of the study area) and agricultural areas (41 %), whereas forests appear already largely depleted (5 %). The Piantata Padana, a traditional agroforestry system with live trees used to support grapevines, is dominant (62 % of the agricultural areas). The comparison with the 2014 LULC map highlights a dramatic reduction (85 %) of wetland areas and the replacement of the Piantata Padana with bare arable lands, with the consequent removal of 4–40 million trees. Soils of areas formerly occupied by wetlands show high organic-carbon content, highlighting the potential of humid areas in carbon sequestration. Land reclaiming, prompted by the introduction of steam pumps, favoured the economic development of the area, but concurred to CO₂ emissions through the oxidation of soil organic substances, energy consumption from pumping stations, and the extensive use of hydrocarbon fuels in agriculture. Although urbanisation is limited in the Po delta plain, this area appears nowadays largely shaped by human activities, with the dominance of lands devoted to agriculture, dissected by a dense network of draining channels. The landscape changes recorded in the last two centuries in the Po coastal plain have been uniquely driven by human activities, like in several coastal plains worldwide.

高精度的历史地图可以对过去的土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）进行定量重建，这对于评估人类活动对景观演变的影响至关重要。由拿破仑-波拿巴委托绘制并于 1814 年完成的《费拉雷塞地图》在使用现代参考系进行地理参照后，被用于量化波河三角洲平原在过去两个世纪中发生的土地利用和土地覆被变化。该地图描绘了以湿地（占研究区域的 49%）和农业区（占 41%）为主的古地貌，而森林似乎已基本枯竭（占 5%）。Piantata Padana 是一种传统的农林系统，用活树支撑葡萄藤，占主导地位（占农业区的 62%）。与 2014 年土地利用、土地利用的变化（LULC）地图相比，湿地面积急剧减少（85%），光秃秃的耕地取代了 Piantata Padana，随之而来的是 400 万至 4000 万棵树木被砍伐。以前被湿地占据的地区的土壤显示出较高的有机碳含量，凸显了潮湿地区固碳的潜力。蒸汽泵的引入推动了土地开垦，促进了该地区的经济发展，但同时也通过土壤有机物质的氧化、泵站的能源消耗以及农业中碳氢化合物燃料的广泛使用排放了二氧化碳。虽然波河三角洲平原的城市化程度有限，但该地区如今在很大程度上被人类活动所塑造，农业用地占主导地位，并被密集的排水渠网络所分割。在过去的两个世纪中，波河沿岸平原的地貌变化与世界各地的沿海平原一样，都是由人类活动造成的。

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引用次数: 0