Defence Technology(防务技术)最新文献_第9页

Cross-platform mission planning for UAVs under carrier delivery mode 航母投送模式下无人机跨平台任务规划

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.025

Junhong Jin , Genlai Zhang , Xin Li , Xichao Su , Chen Lu , Yujie Cheng , Yu Ding , Lei Wang , Xinwei Wang

As battlefield scale enlarges, cross-platform collaborative combat provides an appealing paradigm for modern warfare. Complicated constraints and vast solution space pose great challenge for reasonable and efficient mission planning, where path planning and target assignment are tightly coupled. In this paper, we focus on UAV mission planning under carrier delivery mode (e.g., by aircraft carrier, ground vehicle, or transport aircraft) and design a three-layer hierarchical solution framework. In the first layer, we simultaneously determine delivery points and target set division by clustering. To address the safety concerns of radar risk and UAV endurance, an improved density peak clustering algorithm is developed by constraint fusion. In the second layer, mission planning within each cluster is viewed as a cooperative multiple-task assignment problem. A hybrid heuristic algorithm that integrates a voting-based heuristic solution generation strategy (VHSG) and a stochastic variable neighborhood search (SVNS), called VHSG-SVNS, is proposed for rapid solution. Based on the results of the first two layers, the third layer transforms carrier path planning into a multiple-vehicle routing problem with time window. The cost between any two nodes is calculated by the A∗ algorithm, and the genetic algorithm is then implemented to determine the global route. Finally, a practical mission scenario containing 200 targets is used to validate the effectiveness of the designed framework, where three layers cooperate well with each other to generate satisfactory combat scheduling. Comparisons are made in each layer to highlight optimum-seeking capability and efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Works done in this paper provide a simple but efficient solution framework for cross-platform cooperative mission planning problems, and can be potentially extended to other applications such as post-disaster search and rescue, forest surveillance and firefighting, logistics pick and delivery, etc.

随着战场规模的扩大，跨平台协同作战为现代战争提供了一种极具吸引力的模式。在路径规划与目标分配紧密耦合的情况下，复杂的约束条件和广阔的解空间对合理高效的任务规划提出了挑战。本文重点研究了航母、地面车辆、运输机等载体交付模式下的无人机任务规划问题，设计了三层分层的解决方案框架。在第一层，我们通过聚类同时确定交付点和目标集划分。为了解决雷达风险和无人机续航能力的安全问题，提出了一种基于约束融合的改进密度峰聚类算法。在第二层，每个集群内的任务规划被视为一个合作的多任务分配问题。为了快速求解，提出了一种基于投票的启发式解生成策略（VHSG）和随机变量邻域搜索（SVNS）相结合的混合启发式算法VHSG-SVNS。在前两层研究结果的基础上，第三层将载体路径规划问题转化为带时间窗口的多车路径问题。通过A *算法计算任意两个节点之间的开销，然后利用遗传算法确定全局路由。最后，通过一个包含200个目标的实际任务场景验证了所设计框架的有效性，其中三层之间相互配合良好，生成了令人满意的作战调度。在每一层进行了比较，以突出所提出算法的寻优能力和效率。本文所做的工作为跨平台协同任务规划问题提供了一个简单而高效的解决方案框架，并有可能扩展到灾后搜救、森林监视和消防、物流拣选和交付等其他应用中。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature-effect incorporated damage assessment methodology for beam-slab composite structures subjected to long-duration blast loads 长时间爆炸荷载作用下梁板复合结构的温度效应综合损伤评估方法

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.002

Wei Liu , Wei Wang , Zhenyu Lu , Baoding Li , Bin Zhang , Bo Gao , Xucai Wang , Gang Peng , Benjun Shi

Aiming at addressing the issues of unclear dynamic response mechanisms and insufficient quantification of temperature coupling effects in building structures under long-duration blast loads, this study investigates typical composite beam-slab structures through integrated blast shock tube experiments and multiscale numerical simulations using Voronoi-coupled Finite-Discrete Element Method (Voro-FDEM). The research systematically reveals the dynamic response mechanisms and damage evolution patterns of composite beam-slab structures subjected to prolonged blast loading. An environment-temperature-coupled P-I curve damage assessment system is established, and a rapid evaluation method based on image crack characteristics is proposed, achieving innovative transition from traditional mechanical indicators to intelligent recognition paradigms. Results demonstrate that composite beam-slab structures exhibit three-phase failure modes: elastic vibration, plastic hinge formation, and global collapse. Numerical simulations identify the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature threshold at −10 °C, and establish a temperature-dependent piecewise function-based P-I curve prediction model, whose overpressure asymptote displays nonlinear temperature sensitivity within −50–30 °C. A novel dual-mode evaluation methodology integrating Voro-FDEM numerical simulations with image-based damage feature recognition is developed, enabling quantitative mapping between crack area and destruction levels. These findings provide theoretical foundations and technical pathways for rapid blast damage assessment and protective engineering design.

针对建筑结构在长时间爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应机制不明确、温度耦合效应量化不足的问题，采用综合爆炸激波管试验和voronoi - Finite-Discrete Element Method （Voro-FDEM）多尺度数值模拟对典型的组合梁-板结构进行了研究。系统地揭示了长时间爆炸荷载作用下组合梁-板结构的动力响应机制和损伤演化模式。建立了环境-温度耦合P-I曲线损伤评估体系，提出了基于图像裂纹特征的快速评估方法，实现了从传统力学指标向智能识别范式的创新过渡。结果表明：梁-板组合结构表现为三阶段破坏模式：弹性振动、塑性铰形成和整体倒塌。数值模拟确定了- 10°C时脆性向韧性转变的温度阈值，并建立了基于分段函数的温度依赖P-I曲线预测模型，该模型的超压渐近线在- 50-30°C范围内呈现非线性温度敏感性。提出了一种新的双模评估方法，将Voro-FDEM数值模拟与基于图像的损伤特征识别相结合，实现了裂纹区域和破坏程度之间的定量映射。研究结果为快速爆炸损伤评估和防护工程设计提供了理论依据和技术途径。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructural evolution of dynamic recrystallization in 30CrNiMoVW steel during hot Compression: Constitutive modeling, kinetic model optimization, and multiscale FEM coupled CA simulation 30CrNiMoVW钢热压缩过程中动态再结晶的组织演变：本构建模、动力学模型优化及多尺度有限元耦合CA模拟

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.006

Li Wang , Junwei Qin , Pengyun Zhai , Haohan Jia , Min Li , Yuzhi Zhu , Kaixuan Chen , Xiaohua Chen , Yanlin Wang , Zidong Wang

Process of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) plays a crucial role in altering the microstructure and enhancing the mechanical characteristics of CrNiMoVW steel. However, its initiation mechanism, deformation conditions, and predictive models remain insufficiently understood, requiring further research to optimize the processing technology. In the present study, hot compression experiments were carried out on 30CrNiMoVW steel under deformation conditions with temperatures ranging from 950 to 1,250 °C and strain rates from 0.001 to 1 s⁻¹, during which true stress–strain curves were obtained. Based on friction and temperature corrections applied to these curves, a constitutive equation for 30CrNiMoVW steel was established, and its accuracy was verified through fitting analysis. Simultaneously, the study identified limitations in the initial volume fraction model, prompting the development of a modified recrystallization volume fraction model that was validated via correlation analysis between experimental data and model predictions. Furthermore, building upon the modified recrystallization volume fraction model, a novel recrystallization rate model was developed, and three characteristic strain points were determined. These points segmented the rate curve into three stages: a slow initiation stage (0, ε1), a rapid growth stage (1, ε3), and a slow equilibrium stage (ε3, 0.9). Notably, the value of ε3 was considered the most economical, ensuring the formation of fine and uniform grains during production while optimizing the process, reducing energy consumption and costs, and enhancing overall material performance. Finally, based on the physical constitutive relationships and kinetic models, a multiscale simulation approach combining the finite element method (FEM) and cellular automata (CA) was employed to predict the microstructural evolution of 30CrNiMoVW steel. The simulation results demonstrate that the FEM&CA approach can accurately reproduce the dynamic recrystallization behavior and microstructural evolution observed experimentally. This work provides critical guidance for the development of forging processes for 30CrNiMoVW steel.

动态再结晶过程对改变CrNiMoVW钢的显微组织和提高其力学性能起着至关重要的作用。然而，其起裂机理、变形条件和预测模型尚不清楚，需要进一步研究以优化加工工艺。在本研究中，对30CrNiMoVW钢在950 ~ 1250℃、应变速率0.001 ~ 1 s−1的变形条件下进行了热压缩实验，得到了真实的应力-应变曲线。基于对这些曲线的摩擦和温度修正，建立了30CrNiMoVW钢的本构方程，并通过拟合分析验证了其准确性。同时，该研究发现了初始体积分数模型的局限性，促使改进的再结晶体积分数模型的发展，并通过实验数据和模型预测之间的相关性分析进行了验证。在改进的再结晶体积分数模型的基础上，建立了新的再结晶速率模型，并确定了三个特征应变点。这些点将速率曲线划分为三个阶段：缓慢起始阶段（0,ε1），快速生长阶段（1,ε3）和缓慢平衡阶段（ε3, 0.9）。值得注意的是，ε3的值被认为是最经济的，在保证生产过程中形成细而均匀的晶粒的同时优化工艺，降低能耗和成本，提高材料的整体性能。最后，基于物理本构关系和动力学模型，采用有限元法（FEM）和元胞自动机（CA）相结合的多尺度模拟方法对30CrNiMoVW钢的组织演变进行了预测。仿真结果表明，FEM&；CA方法可以准确再现实验观察到的动态再结晶行为和微观组织演变。该工作对30CrNiMoVW钢锻造工艺的发展具有重要的指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

CFD–FEM analysis of ice-impact effect on the water-exit cavity and hydrodynamic characteristics of a ventilated vehicle 冰冲击对通风车辆出水口空腔影响及水动力特性的CFD-FEM分析

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.009

Hao Wang , Xiaowei Cai , Zhihua Chen , Yihang Wang , Yuan Liu , Wenjun Yi , Zhengui Huang

Understanding the evolution mechanisms of water-exit cavities and flow fields evolve during high-intensity interactions between vehicles and floating ice is critical for advancing the application of submarine-launched marine equipment in low-temperature ice-prone waters. A computational fluid dynamics–finite element method (CFD–FEM) coupled framework was established to simulate bidirectional fluid-structure interactions during the water-exit process of a ventilated vehicle impacting ice in brash environments. Distinct evolution characteristics were revealed by comparatively analyzing the cavity, flow fields, hydrodynamic loading, structural deformation, and trajectory stability across three scenarios: ice-free, single-ice, and multi-ice. Furthermore, the position-dependent impact effects were characterized. The findings reveal that the impact, friction, and compression effects of ice induce bending and wrinkling of the shoulder cavity, aggravating its collapse and increasing the wetting of the vehicle, resulting in a substantial expansion of the high-velocity and vortex-dominated regions within the flow field, accompanied by more obvious water splashes. The impact of ice notably increases the kinetic energy dissipation of the vehicle during the cross-water stage and diminishes its motion stability. In the center-symmetric layout, the vehicle collides with ice only once, with high stress confined to the head. Conversely, the radial-offset layout causes secondary or even multiple collisions, resulting in high-stress areas on the shoulder of the vehicle, making it deflect and ultimately causing the tail cavity to tilt and become destabilized. The design of new vehicles suitable for ice-prone environments should focus on enhancing the impact toughness of the head structure and optimizing the surface shape design to improve the adaptability to low-temperature complex environments.

了解船舶与浮冰高强度相互作用下的出水空腔演化机制和流场演化，对于推进潜射海洋装备在低温易结冰水域的应用具有重要意义。建立了计算流体力学-有限元法（CFD-FEM）耦合框架，模拟了浮冰环境下通风车辆撞冰出水过程的流固双向相互作用。通过对无冰、单冰和多冰三种情况下的空腔、流场、水动力载荷、结构变形和轨迹稳定性的对比分析，揭示出不同的演化特征。此外，还分析了位置依赖的冲击效应。研究结果表明，冰的冲击、摩擦和压缩作用导致肩腔弯曲起皱，加剧了肩腔的塌陷，增加了车辆的润湿性，导致流场内高速和涡流主导区域大幅扩大，并伴有更明显的水溅。冰的冲击显著增加了车辆在跨水阶段的动能耗散，降低了其运动稳定性。在中心对称布局中，车辆只与冰碰撞一次，高应力仅限于头部。相反，径向偏移布局会导致二次甚至多次碰撞，导致车辆肩部出现高应力区域，使其偏转，最终导致尾腔倾斜并变得不稳定。适合易结冰环境的新型车辆设计应注重提高车头结构的冲击韧性，优化表面形状设计，提高对低温复杂环境的适应性。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of a bio-inspired constant-force buffering device with dual coupling beams 双耦合梁仿生恒力缓冲装置分析

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.018

Lvping Yang , Chunyan Zhou , Hao Sun , Chuang Liu

Achieving vibration isolation, lightweight design, and reusability under impact remains a critical challenge for thin-walled structures. When the goat skull is subjected to impact, both the outer wall of the sinus and the internal bony struts deform simultaneously to absorb energy and protect intracranial tissues. Inspired by this mechanism, we designed the goat sinus-inspired biomimetic (GSIB) structure by mimicking the outer wall of the sinus and the internal pillar-like support system. The structure consists of dual coupling beams, including a set of inclined cantilever beams representing the sinus outer wall and vertical support beams simulating the internal bony struts. The GSIB structure was fabricated using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 3D printing technology, and its mechanical properties were investigated through a combination of quasi-static compression tests, vibration tests, impact tests, and finite element simulations. Under compressive loading, the inclined cantilever beams buckle to introduce a negative stiffness effect, while the vertical supports enhance overall stiffness. Leveraging the coupling effect between these two components, the structure achieves a long-stroke constant-force response, thereby delivering superior performance in energy absorption and vibration isolation. Additionally, the special deformation mode of the GSIB structure enables it to be reused under impact conditions. It is noteworthy that, compared to the negative stiffness (NS) structure with the same dimensions for repeated buffering proposed in previous studies, the GSIB structure demonstrates an energy absorption capacity reaching 214.3% of that of the NS structure, a reduction in isolation frequency to 58.5%, and an impact acceleration that is only 66.31% of that of the NS structure. Additionally, the plateau stress of the proposed structure increases to 246.07% of that of the NS structure. This novel artificial structure provides a new design strategy for achieving superior energy absorption and impact resistance under repeated impact conditions.

实现隔振、轻量化设计和在冲击下的可重用性仍然是薄壁结构面临的关键挑战。山羊颅骨受到冲击时，窦外壁和内部骨柱同时变形，吸收能量，保护颅内组织。受这一机制的启发，我们通过模拟鼻窦的外壁和内部柱状支撑系统，设计了山羊鼻窦仿生（GSIB）结构。该结构由双耦合梁组成，包括一组代表窦外壁的倾斜悬臂梁和模拟内部骨支柱的垂直支撑梁。采用选择性激光烧结（SLS） 3D打印技术制备了GSIB结构，并通过准静态压缩试验、振动试验、冲击试验和有限元模拟对其力学性能进行了研究。在压缩荷载作用下，倾斜悬臂梁屈曲产生负刚度效应，而垂直支撑增强整体刚度。利用这两个部件之间的耦合效应，结构实现了长冲程恒力响应，从而提供了卓越的能量吸收和隔振性能。此外，GSIB结构的特殊变形模式使其能够在冲击条件下重复使用。值得注意的是，与以往研究提出的具有相同尺寸重复缓冲的负刚度（NS）结构相比，GSIB结构的吸能能力达到NS结构的214.3%，隔振频率降低至58.5%，冲击加速度仅为NS结构的66.31%。此外，该结构的高原应力增加到NS结构的246.07%。这种新型的人工结构为在重复冲击条件下获得优异的吸能和抗冲击性能提供了新的设计策略。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of flight stability for fixed canard dual-spin projectile via CFD/RBD coupled method 基于CFD/RBD耦合方法的固定鸭式双旋弹丸飞行稳定性研究

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.05.025

Gang Wang , Tengyue Zhang , Tianyu Lin , Haizhen Lin , Ke Xi

In this paper, a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and rigid body dynamics (RBD) coupled platform for virtual flight simulation is developed to investigate the flight stability of fixed canard dual-spin projectile. The platform's reliability is validated by reproducing the characteristic resonance instability of such projectiles. By coupling the solution of the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the seven-degree-of-freedom RBD equations, the virtual flight simulations of fixed canard dual-spin projectiles at various curvature trajectories are achieved, and the dynamic mechanism of the trajectory following process is analyzed. The instability mechanism of the dynamic instability during trajectory following process of the fixed canard dual-spin projectile is elucidated by simulating the rolling/coning coupled forced motion, and subsequently validated through virtual flight simulations. The findings suggest that an appropriate yaw moment can drive the projectile axis to precession in the tangential direction of the trajectory, thereby enhancing the trajectory following stability. However, the damping of the projectile attains its minimum value when the forward body equilibrium rotational speed (−128 rad/s) is equal to the negative of the fast mode frequency of the projectile. Insufficient damping leads to the fixed canard dual-spin projectile exiting the dynamic stability domain during the trajectory following, resulting in weakly damped instability. Keeping the forward body not rotating or increasing the spin rates to −192 rad/s can enhance the projectile's damping, thereby improving its dynamic stability.

为研究固定鸭式双旋弹丸的飞行稳定性，建立了高保真计算流体力学（CFD）和刚体动力学（RBD）耦合虚拟飞行仿真平台。通过再现此类弹丸的特征共振不稳定性，验证了平台的可靠性。通过求解非定常reynolds -平均Navier-Stokes方程与七自由度RBD方程的耦合，实现了固定鸭式双自旋弹丸在不同曲率轨迹下的虚拟飞行仿真，并分析了轨迹跟随过程的动力学机理。通过模拟鸭式固定翼双旋弹丸的滚转/锥转耦合强迫运动，阐明了固定翼双旋弹丸轨迹跟随过程中动态失稳的失稳机理，并通过虚拟飞行仿真进行了验证。研究结果表明，适当的偏航力矩可以驱动弹丸轴向弹道切向进动，从而提高弹道的随动稳定性。当弹体前向平衡转速（- 128 rad/s）等于弹丸快模态频率的负值时，弹丸阻尼达到最小值。阻尼不足导致固定鸭翼双旋弹丸在弹道跟随过程中脱离动稳定域，产生弱阻尼失稳。保持前体不旋转或将自旋速率提高到- 192 rad/s可以增强弹丸的阻尼，从而提高弹丸的动态稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical and impact behaviour of titanium-based fiber metal laminates reinforced with kevlar and jute fibers under various stacking configurations 用凯夫拉纤维和黄麻纤维增强钛基纤维金属层板在不同堆叠结构下的力学和冲击性能

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.023

V. Subramanian , K. Logesh , Renjin J. Bright , P. Hariharasakthisudhan

The mechanical behaviour of Titanium-based Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) reinforced with Kevlar, Jute and the novel woven (Kevlar+Jute) fiber mat were evaluated through tensile, flexural, Charpy impact, and drop-weight tests. The FMLs were fabricated with various stacking configurations (2/1, 3/2, 4/3, and 5/4) to examine their influence on mechanical properties. Kevlar-reinforced laminates consistently demonstrated superior tensile and flexural strengths, with the highest tensile strength of 772 MPa observed in the 3/2 configuration, attributed to Kevlar's excellent load-bearing capacity. Jute-reinforced laminates exhibited lower performance due to poor bonding and early delamination, while the FMLs reinforced with woven (Kevlar+Jute) fiber mat achieved a balance between mechanical strength and cost-effectiveness by attaining a tensile strength of 718 MPa in the 3/2 configuration. Impact energy absorption results revealed that Kevlar-reinforced FMLs provided the highest energy absorption under Charpy tests, reaching 13.5 J in the 3/2 configuration. The 4/3 configuration exhibited superior resistance under drop-weight impacts, absorbing 104.7 J of energy. Failure analysis using SEM revealed key mechanisms such as fiber debonding, delamination, and fiber pull-out, with increased severity observed in laminates with a higher number of fiber-epoxy layers, especially in the 5/4 configuration. This study highlights the potential of Kevlar-Jute hybrid fiber-reinforced FMLs for applications requiring high mechanical performance and impact resistance. Future research should explore advanced surface treatments and the environmental durability of these laminates for aerospace and automotive applications.

用凯夫拉、黄麻和新型编织（凯夫拉+黄麻）纤维垫增强的钛基金属纤维层压板（FMLs）的力学性能通过拉伸、弯曲、夏比冲击和落重测试进行了评估。制备了不同堆叠构型（2/1、3/2、4/3和5/4）的FMLs，考察其对力学性能的影响。Kevlar增强层压板始终表现出优异的拉伸和弯曲强度，在3/2配置中观察到的最高拉伸强度为772 MPa，这归功于Kevlar出色的承载能力。黄麻增强的层压板由于粘合不良和早期分层而表现出较低的性能，而编织（凯夫拉纤维+黄麻）纤维垫增强的fml在机械强度和成本效益之间取得了平衡，在3/2配置下达到了718 MPa的抗拉强度。碰撞吸能结果表明，在Charpy试验中，kevlar增强FMLs的吸能最高，在3/2结构下达到13.5 J。4/3结构在落锤冲击下表现出较强的抵抗能力，吸收了104.7 J的能量。利用扫描电镜进行的失效分析揭示了纤维脱粘、分层和纤维拉出等关键机制，在环氧纤维层数较高的层压板中，尤其是在5/4结构中，观察到的严重程度增加。这项研究强调了芳纶-黄麻混合纤维增强FMLs在需要高机械性能和抗冲击性的应用中的潜力。未来的研究应该探索先进的表面处理和环境耐久性这些层压板的航空航天和汽车应用。

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引用次数: 0

Topological considerations for reinforced concrete modular protection systems against near-field overpressure generated by close-in detonations 钢筋混凝土模块保护系统的拓扑考虑，防止近距离爆炸产生的近场超压

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.024

Sangyoung Han , Kukjoo Kim , Hyeon-Jin Kim , Jang-Woon Baek , Hyun-Do Yun , Gyu-Yong Kim , Sangwoo Park

With the increasing demand for secure infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations, chemical plants, and energy storage systems, the need for protective structures capable of withstanding close-in detonations has become more critical. Existing design guidelines for protective walls (e.g., UFC 3-340-02) primarily address mid- and far-field explosions, providing limited insights into near-field effects. Considering the effect of slight slopes (<40°) on reducing maximum reflected overpressure is deemed negligible. This study investigated the effectiveness of a reinforced concrete (RC) modular protection system (MPS) incorporating a diagonally tapered wall in attenuating reflected overpressures from close-in detonations. Full-scale field experiments using a 51.3 kg TNT charge, representing the explosion energy of a typical hydrogen vessel rupture, demonstrated that a wall with a 7° slope significantly outperformed a vertical wall of equivalent concrete volume in terms of blast resistance. Observed structural responses included cracking, horizontal shear failure, and overturning. Complementary simulations using a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model showed that the tapered wall reduced peak overpressure by 30%–40% compared to an equivalent vertical wall. This result highlights the potential of minor geometric modifications to enhance blast resilience. The tapered design effectively redirects incident blast waves, reducing localized damage while also conserving material, thus preserving modular benefits such as ease of transport and reusability. These findings suggest that diagonally tapered RC-based MPSs can offer a practical and resilient solution for industrial and military applications subject to near-field or sequential blast threats.

随着对加氢站、化工厂和储能系统等安全基础设施的需求不断增加，对能够承受近距离爆炸的防护结构的需求变得更加迫切。现有的防护墙设计指南（例如，UFC 3-340-02）主要针对中场和远场爆炸，对近场效应的了解有限。考虑到小坡度（<40°）对减少最大反射超压的影响，可以忽略不计。本研究调查了钢筋混凝土（RC）模块化保护系统（MPS）在衰减近距离爆炸反射超压方面的有效性，该系统包含对角锥形墙。使用51.3 kg TNT装药（代表典型氢气容器破裂的爆炸能量）进行的全尺寸现场实验表明，7°坡度的墙在抗爆性能方面明显优于同等混凝土体积的垂直墙。观察到的结构反应包括开裂、水平剪切破坏和倾覆。利用经过验证的计算流体动力学（CFD）模型进行的补充模拟表明，与等效的垂直壁面相比，锥形壁面的峰值超压降低了30%-40%。这一结果突出了微小的几何修饰提高爆炸回弹的潜力。锥形设计有效地改变了入射冲击波的方向，减少了局部损伤，同时也节约了材料，从而保持了模块化的优势，如易于运输和可重复使用。这些研究结果表明，对角线锥形基于rc的mps可以为受到近场或连续爆炸威胁的工业和军事应用提供实用且有弹性的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Gram-scale synthesis of simple cubic phase black phosphorus via shock-induced phase transformation: Mechanistic insights and process-dependent phase control 通过激波诱导相变合成简单立方相黑磷：机理见解和过程依赖的相控制

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.022

Jinchao Qiao , Qiang Zhou , Rufei Qiao , Zhuwen Lyu , Longhai Zhong , Tianchu Wang , Yan Liu , Junbo Yan , Fan Bai , Xin Gao , Pengwan Chen , Peng Si

Simple cubic black phosphorus (BP) has been recognized as a strategic material due to its exceptional structural stability under extreme conditions. In this investigation, simple cubic BP was successfully synthesized through shock-induced phase transformation, utilizing amorphous red phosphorus as the precursor material. The phase evolution process was systematically investigated using plane shock loading apparatus, with shock pressure and temperature parameters being precisely controlled to optimize transformation kinetics. Comprehensive phase characterization revealed the correlation between thermodynamic loading profiles and cubic BP formation efficiency. Precursor modification strategies were implemented through orthorhombic BP utilization, resulting in enhanced cubic phase yield and crystallinity. The synthesized cubic BP variants are considered promising candidates for advanced protective material systems, particularly where combinations of mechanical resilience and thermal stability are required under extreme operational conditions. This research provides critical insights into shock-induced phase transformation mechanics, while establishing foundational protocols for manufacturing non-equilibrium materials with potential applications in next-generation defensive technologies.

简单立方黑磷（BP）由于其在极端条件下的特殊结构稳定性而被认为是一种战略材料。本研究以无定形红磷为前驱体材料，通过激波诱导相变成功合成了简单立方BP。在精确控制冲击压力和温度参数以优化相变动力学的条件下，利用平面冲击加载装置对相变过程进行了系统研究。综合相位表征揭示了热力学载荷剖面与立方BP地层效率之间的相关性。利用正交BP进行前驱体改性，提高了立方相产率和结晶度。合成的立方BP变体被认为是先进保护材料系统的有希望的候选者，特别是在极端操作条件下需要机械弹性和热稳定性的组合。该研究为冲击诱导相变力学提供了重要见解，同时为制造具有下一代防御技术潜在应用的非平衡材料建立了基础协议。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical analysis of near-field detonation products and shock wave characteristics for cylindrical charge 圆柱装药近场爆轰产物及激波特性的实验与数值分析

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.003

Ruilong Ma , Xinjie Wang , Sa You , Zhimin Sun , Fenglei Huang

Predictions of extreme near-field blast wave for cylindrical charge is crucial for designing sympathetic detonation protection structures, yet the quantitative analysis of detonation products and shock wave field are still insufficient. The present work conducted experiments and numerical simulations of near-field explosion for kilogram scale cylindrical charge, and investigated the propagation and spatial distribution characteristics of incident and reflected blast waves. The results show that near-field reflected overpressure exhibits multi-peak structures, which are primarily governed by reflections of detonation products and shock wave. The reflected peak overpressure dominated by detonation products shows higher sensitivity to scaled distance. Meanwhile, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) effect induces the evolutions of detonation products and shock wave interface from smooth to random microjets, increasing dispersion of secondary reflected peak overpressure. In free-field explosion, the incident peak overpressure exhibits a dual-peak structure, governed by the shock wave front and detonation products flowing past the gauge points. The incident peak overpressure dominated by detonation products is sensitive to orientations due to the charge structures. As the aspect ratio of charge increases from 0.6 to 8, the dominant radial azimuth angle region expands from 60°–90° to 30°–90°. An empirical model was developed to predict the spatial distributions of incident peak loads at arbitrary orientations for cylindrical charge with 0.6 ≤ L/D ≤ 8.0 and 0.06 m·kg^−1/3 < Z < 1 m·kg^−1/3, and the average deviation is less than 30%. This study elucidates the coupled characteristics of near-field detonation products and shock wave for cylindrical charge, providing significant values for accurate assessments of near-field explosion.

圆柱装药极端近场爆震波的预测是交感爆轰防护结构设计的关键，但爆轰产物和冲击波场的定量分析仍然不足。本文对千克级圆柱装药进行了近场爆炸实验和数值模拟，研究了入射和反射爆炸波的传播和空间分布特征。结果表明：近场反射超压表现为多峰结构，主要受爆轰产物和激波反射的影响；以爆轰产物为主的反射峰值超压对尺度距离的敏感性较高。同时，瑞利-泰勒不稳定性（RTI）效应导致爆轰产物和激波界面由光滑微射流向随机微射流演化，二次反射峰值超压弥散增大。在自由场爆炸中，入射峰值超压呈现双峰结构，受激波锋面和经过量规点的爆轰产物的控制。由于装药结构的原因，爆轰产物主导的入射峰值超压对取向很敏感。随着装药长径比从0.6增加到8，主导径向方位角区域从60°~ 90°扩展到30°~ 90°。建立了0.6≤L/D≤8.0和0.06 m·kg - 1/3 < Z <； 1 m·kg - 1/3圆柱装药入射峰载荷在任意方向上的空间分布的经验模型，平均偏差小于30%。本研究阐明了圆柱装药近场爆轰产物与激波的耦合特性，为近场爆炸的准确评价提供了有价值的依据。

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引用次数: 0