Journal of Friction and Wear最新文献_第10页

Tapered Roller Bearing Rib-Roller End Interaction at Hydrodynamic Contact 圆锥滚子轴承肋-滚子端部流体动力接触的相互作用

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q3 Engineering

Journal of Friction and Wear

Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.3103/S106836662206006X

I. M. Klebanov, A. M. Brazhnikova, K. A. Polyakov

Abstract—

Wear of the contact surfaces is an important characteristic of rib-roller end interaction of roller bearings. The purpose of this study was to develop effective methods for calculating the wear rate of these surfaces under alternating dynamic loads. In wear rate calculations of bearing parts, as a rule, Archard’s law is used since it has been verified in hydrodynamic friction testing of bearing steels. In the paper, based on this law, a direct step-by-step wear rate calculation method for rib-roller end contact at variable loads and sliding speeds is developed. According to it, normal force, sliding velocity, and contact oil film thickness are determined in bearing dynamic modeling, and the finite element method is used to calculate contact pressure fields. A multi-mass bearing dynamic model includes a contact friction model, which allows an adequate description of hydrodynamic contact behavior of solid bodies. Using the bearing life dependence on the oil film parameter and experimentally measured steel bearing wear rates, the dependence of wear coefficient on the oil film parameter is obtained. The direct calculation method involves many computations, which makes the influence of individual factors on wear rate non-obvious. In this regard, a method of wear rate calculation with averaged parameters is also proposed. Using these two methods, rib-roller end wear calculations for a double-row tapered roller bearing are implemented. The spherical shape of the roller end and conical, toroidal convex, and concave shapes of the rib are considered. Comparison of wear rates obtained by the two methods confirms the acceptable accuracy of calculations with averaged parameters. The results in particular demonstrate that a toroidal concave rib surface allows reducing the wear rate up to three times in comparison with the tapered surface.

接触面磨损是滚子轴承肋-滚子端部相互作用的一个重要特征。本研究的目的是开发有效的方法来计算这些表面在交变动态载荷下的磨损率。在轴承零件磨损率的计算中，一般采用阿卡德定律，因为它已在轴承钢的水动力摩擦试验中得到验证。本文在此基础上，提出了一种变载荷、变滑动速度下肋辊端部接触的直接步进磨损率计算方法。在此基础上，在轴承动力学建模中确定了法向力、滑动速度和接触油膜厚度，并采用有限元法计算了接触压力场。多质量轴承动力学模型包括接触摩擦模型，该模型可以充分描述固体的流体动力接触行为。利用轴承寿命对油膜参数的依赖关系和实验测量的钢轴承磨损率，得到了磨损系数对油膜参数的依赖关系。直接计算法计算量大，个别因素对磨损率的影响不明显。在此基础上，提出了一种基于平均参数的磨损率计算方法。利用这两种方法，实现了双列圆锥滚子轴承肋-滚子端部磨损的计算。考虑了滚轮端部的球形形状和肋部的锥形、环形凸形和凹形。比较两种方法得到的磨损率，证实了平均参数计算的精度是可以接受的。结果特别表明，与锥形表面相比，环形凹肋表面可以将磨损率降低三倍。

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引用次数: 1

Analytical Determination of the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Heterophase Surface Layers, Coatings, and Thin Films in Heavy-Loaded Tribosystems 重载摩擦系统中异相表面层、涂层和薄膜的有效热导率的分析测定

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q3 Engineering

Journal of Friction and Wear

Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366622060071

V. I. Kolesnikov, O. V. Kudryakov, I. V. Kolesnikov, V. N. Varavka, L. P. Aref’eva, A. I. Voropaev, E. S. Novikov

Abstract—

The aim of the study was to create a technique for calculating the thermal conductivity of a thin surface layer or coating, which differs significantly from the base metal in structure, phase composition, and thermal properties. The technique is based on the experimental measurement of the contact potential difference (CPD) at the layer/coating–substrate interface, followed by the calculation of the electron work function and the energy of the Fermi level. Distinctive features of the developed methodological apparatus are the characteristics of the microstructure, phase composition, and porosity of the layer/coating, which are taken into account in the calculation model and significantly affect the final result of determining the effective thermal conductivity. The calculation and experimental approbation of the idea was implemented in the process of studying the blades of an experimental gas turbine locomotive engine with a heterophase thermal barrier coating of the Nb–Ti–Al system. The material of the blades is Inconel 713LC cast chromium–nickel superalloy. Coatings with a thickness of about 80 µm were deposited using the vacuum ion-plasma technology. During the development of the methodology for calculating the thermal conductivity, the experimental data of the CPD were obtained by instrumental measurements according to a specially developed laboratory procedure. Data on the morphology of the structure of coatings, their phase composition, and porosity were studied by traditional metal-physical methods and integrated into the calculation part of the technique. The results of model calculations of the thermal conductivity of both the base metal of the substrate (turbine blades) Inconel 713LC and the Nb–Ti–Al thermal barrier coating showed a high agreement with experimental and reference data. The technology has a high potential for application in heavily loaded friction units in various areas of the national economy, such as helicopter construction, aircraft construction, aerospace, railway transport, shipbuilding, and defense.

摘要:本研究的目的是创建一种计算薄表面层或涂层导热系数的技术，薄表面层或涂层在结构、相组成和热性能上与母材有很大不同。该技术基于层/涂层-衬底界面处接触电位差(CPD)的实验测量，然后计算电子功函数和费米能级的能量。所开发的方法装置的显著特征是层/涂层的微观结构、相组成和孔隙率的特征，这些特征在计算模型中被考虑，并显著影响确定有效导热系数的最终结果。通过对某实验型燃气轮机机车叶片采用Nb-Ti-Al体系异相热障涂层的研究，对该思想进行了计算和实验验证。叶片材料为英科乃尔713LC铸造铬镍高温合金。采用真空离子等离子体技术沉积厚度约为80 μ m的涂层。在计算热导率方法的发展过程中，CPD的实验数据是根据专门开发的实验室程序通过仪器测量获得的。通过传统的金属物理方法研究了涂层的结构形态、相组成和孔隙率，并将其纳入该技术的计算部分。对基材(涡轮叶片)Inconel 713LC和Nb-Ti-Al热障涂层的导热系数进行了模型计算，结果与实验和参考数据吻合较好。该技术在直升机制造、飞机制造、航空航天、铁路运输、造船、国防等国民经济各个领域的重载摩擦装置上具有很大的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable Development and Polymer Tribology 可持续发展与聚合物摩擦学

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q3 Engineering

Journal of Friction and Wear

Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366622060113

N. K. Myshkin, A. Ya. Grigoriev, Ga Zhang

The concept of sustainable development provides for the achievement of 17 goals formulated in 2015 by the UN General Assembly. Tribology is one of the factors for their achievement in the field of industry and innovation (Sustainable Development Goal 9 or SDG 9). Losses associated with friction and wear of machines are estimated at 3–5% of the gross national product. About a quarter of the energy consumed by industry is spent on overcoming frictional forces. Reducing friction losses, wear of machines, emissions from internal combustion engines (ICEs), using environmental-friendly lubricants are just a small list of tribology’s opportunities to achieve sustainable development goals. Applications of tribology have gone far beyond the solution of purely technical problems, and so-called green tribology has begun to play a special role in public life in recent years. The use of polymers is one of the effective methods to achieve the goals of green tribology. These goals are closely related to the creative heritage of Vladimir Belyi in the tribology of polymers, in particular, studies of friction mass transfer. In continuation of his work, it is shown that nanofillers actively affect the behavior of polymer macromolecules during friction, the formation of transfer films and wear particles. Using PEEK-based composites as an example, the effectiveness of materials with nanosized and traditional additives is confirmed. Another direction of green tribology is the development of environmental-friendly lubricants. Currently, many countries are restricting the use of mineral oils in agriculture and forestry, encouraging the use of lubricating oils and fluids made from vegetable raw materials. It is shown that such oils are not inferior to mineral oils in many respects and exhibit good anti-wear properties due to the formation of tribopolymer films.

可持续发展的概念要求实现2015年联合国大会制定的17个目标。摩擦学是他们在工业和创新领域取得成就的因素之一(可持续发展目标9或SDG 9)。与机器摩擦和磨损相关的损失估计占国民生产总值的3-5%。工业消耗的能量中，约有四分之一用于克服摩擦力。减少摩擦损失、机器磨损、内燃机排放、使用环保型润滑油，这些只是摩擦学实现可持续发展目标的一小部分机会。摩擦学的应用已经远远超出了单纯解决技术问题的范畴，所谓的绿色摩擦学近年来开始在公共生活中发挥特殊作用。高分子材料的应用是实现绿色摩擦学目标的有效方法之一。这些目标与Vladimir Belyi在聚合物摩擦学方面的创造性遗产密切相关，特别是摩擦传质研究。在他的工作的继续，研究表明，纳米填料积极影响聚合物大分子在摩擦，转移膜和磨损颗粒的形成过程中的行为。以聚乙二醇基复合材料为例，验证了纳米级添加剂和传统添加剂的有效性。绿色摩擦学的另一个方向是开发环保型润滑油。目前，许多国家正在限制矿物油在农业和林业中的使用，鼓励使用由植物原料制成的润滑油和液体。结果表明，这种油在许多方面不逊于矿物油，并且由于形成摩擦聚合物膜而表现出良好的抗磨性能。

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引用次数: 0

Improvement of Wear Resistance of a Nitrided Layer of Machine Parts Made of Alloyed Steels by High Intensity and High Energy Methods 高强高能法提高合金钢机械零件氮化层耐磨性

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q3 Engineering

Journal of Friction and Wear

Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366622060083

N. K. Krioni, A. A. Mingazheva, A. D. Mingazhev

Abstract—

This article discusses the experimental results of wear resistance of machine parts made of alloyed steels, with nitrided layers, with structures formed with and without nitride mesh. It has been demonstrated that the nitrided layers with traditional structure under certain conditions of friction and wear do not completely exhibit their potentials of wear resistance as a consequence of disintegration of their fragments due to weakened intergranular boundaries in nitrided layer resulting from their oversaturation with nitrogen. The models of formation of structures of nitrided layers are schematically illustrated including their behavior during friction and wear. It has been mentioned that the use of high energy ion implantation at an ion energy of about 18–26 keV due to the occurrence of the long-range effect provides formation of radiation defects of a crystalline structure at a depth comparable with the thickness of a nitrided layer allowing it to significantly intensify nitrogen diffusion as well as to block grain boundaries, which inhibit diffusion processes in them. It has been determined that while intensive plastic deformation of the surface layer improves diffusion intensity, still, it can be efficiently applied only in combination with high energy ion implantation. The results of comparative wear tests are exemplified by screw pump rotors operating under conditions of intensive friction wear. It has been demonstrated that the absence of nitride mesh in a nitrided layer improves wear resistance of the nitrided layer by about 3–4 times.

摘要:本文讨论了含氮层、含氮网和不含氮网组织的合金钢机械零件的耐磨性试验结果。研究表明，传统结构的氮化层在一定的摩擦磨损条件下，由于氮化层的过饱和使其晶间边界变弱，导致其碎片崩解，不能完全发挥其耐磨性潜力。对氮化层结构的形成模式及其摩擦磨损行为进行了图解。已经提到，由于远程效应的发生，在离子能量约为18-26 keV的情况下使用高能离子注入，可以在与氮化层厚度相当的深度形成晶体结构的辐射缺陷，从而显著加强氮的扩散，并阻塞晶界，从而抑制其中的扩散过程。研究表明，虽然表层的强烈塑性变形提高了扩散强度，但只有与高能离子注入相结合才能有效地应用。以螺杆泵转子在剧烈摩擦磨损条件下运行为例，进行了对比磨损试验。结果表明，氮化层中不存在氮化物网状物可使氮化层的耐磨性提高约3-4倍。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular Modeling of Frictional Fracture Kinetics of Polymer Composites Using F4K20 as an Example 聚合物复合材料摩擦断裂动力学的分子模拟——以F4K20为例

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q3 Engineering

Journal of Friction and Wear

Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366622060095

Li Syanshun, E. B. Sedakova

Abstract—

The influence of dispersed filler in the form of foundry coke on the wear resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene-based composite has been studied by the method of molecular dynamics. The application of this method made it possible to investigate the causes of increasing the wear resistance of the polymer composite at the molecular level. Two-layer molecular models of PTFE and its composite F4K20, consisting of 80 vol % PTFE + 20 vol % foundry coke were made. Computer simulation of wear product separation from two zones located in the tribocontact area has been performed. Differences in values of energy values of intermolecular interaction depending on the initial position of the separated molecules are shown. It was found that the energy value of intermolecular interaction determined by simulating the surface fracture of F4K20 is more than 30% higher than that determined for PTFE. The calculation of internal friction force in models of PTFE and F4K20 has been carried out. It was found that the internal friction force calculated at the molecular level in F4K20 is significantly higher than the same parameter calculated for PTFE. Visualization of the fracture process of the constructed models was carried out. It is noted that only PTFE molecules are observed when molecules are separated from the surface of both models. If the fracture process of F4K20 includes the near-surface region, the separation of foundry coke molecules is additionally initiated. As a result of the investigations a numerical estimation of change of characteristics of intermolecular interaction with the introduction of a filler into polymer resulting in more than two degrees increased wear resistance of PTFE-based composites is given, which is noted by many researchers. The research results can be used for the development of new composite materials including nanocomposites.

摘要:采用分子动力学方法研究了以铸造焦形式分散填料对聚四氟乙烯基复合材料耐磨性的影响。该方法的应用使得在分子水平上研究提高聚合物复合材料耐磨性的原因成为可能。制备了PTFE及其复合材料F4K20的两层分子模型，F4K20由80 vol % PTFE + 20 vol %铸造焦组成。对位于摩擦接触区两个区域的磨损产物分离进行了计算机模拟。分子间相互作用的能量值的差异取决于分离分子的初始位置。结果表明，模拟F4K20表面断裂得到的分子间相互作用能量值比模拟PTFE得到的分子间相互作用能量值高30%以上。对聚四氟乙烯和F4K20模型进行了内摩擦力计算。结果表明，F4K20在分子水平上计算的内摩擦力明显高于PTFE。对所构建模型的断裂过程进行了可视化处理。值得注意的是，当分子从两种模型的表面分离时，只观察到PTFE分子。如果F4K20的断裂过程包含近表面区域，则会额外启动铸造焦分子的分离。研究结果表明，在聚合物中加入填料后，分子间相互作用特性的变化会使ptfe基复合材料的耐磨性提高2度以上，这一结果引起了许多研究者的注意。研究结果可用于纳米复合材料等新型复合材料的开发。

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引用次数: 1

Influence of Soil Type on Breaking of Low-Alloy Steels during Wear 土壤类型对低合金钢磨损断裂的影响

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q3 Engineering

Journal of Friction and Wear

Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366622060046

V. I. Dvoruk, K. V. Borak, I. A. Buchko, N. A. Kirienko

Abstract—

The results of studying the regularities of destruction and their influence on the wear resistance of low-alloy 65G and 28MnB5 steels when moving in different types of soil are presented. It has been established that the effect of soil type on destruction and wear resistance ε is controlled by rheological-fatigue parameter R_f, which plays a leading role in the strength base of the wear mechanism of low-alloy steels. In the process of wear, residual tensile stresses of a plastic-destructive nature are formed on the working surface of the steel, the lowest value of which is observed after testing in sandy loam, and the highest in light clay. Consequently, the relaxation of stresses by the mechanisms of plastic deformation and destruction in sandy loam is more intense than in average loam and light clay. The following correlation has been established: the higher the level of residual stresses, the higher the rheological-fatigue parameter and wear resistance of steel. In the studied soil types, the leading role is played by stress relaxation mechanisms in the area of low-cycle fatigue. Therefore, the mechanical component of interaction with the soil is dominant in the formation of the structural-phase state of the surface layers of steels. The damage of low-alloy steels in soil is mixed and includes three main forms of abrasive wear: mechanical, mechanical fatigue, mechanochemical. In all studied soil types, the mechanical fatigue form of abrasive wear plays a leading role. Therefore, an increase in the wear resistance of low-alloy steels must first of all be associated with the elimination of active low-cycle fatigue phenomena on the wear surface. The formation of secondary structures during wear in the soil contributes to a decrease in the absorption of irreversible energy by the metal, and, consequently, to an increase in its wear resistance.

摘要:本文研究了低合金65G和28MnB5钢在不同类型土壤中移动时的破坏规律及其对耐磨性的影响。研究表明，土壤类型对破坏和耐磨性ε的影响受流变疲劳参数Rf控制，在低合金钢磨损机理的强度基础中起主导作用。在磨损过程中，钢的工作表面形成了塑性破坏性质的残余拉应力，砂壤土中残余拉应力最小，轻粘土中残余拉应力最大。因此，砂壤土的塑性变形和破坏机制对应力的松弛作用比普通壤土和轻质粘土更强烈。建立了以下相关性:残余应力水平越高，钢的流变疲劳参数和耐磨性越高。在研究的土壤类型中，应力松弛机制在低周疲劳区起主导作用。因此，与土壤相互作用的力学分量在钢表层结构相态的形成中占主导地位。低合金钢在土壤中的损伤是混合性的，主要有三种磨损形式:机械磨损、机械疲劳磨损和机械化学磨损。在所有研究的土壤类型中，磨粒磨损的机械疲劳形式起主导作用。因此，要提高低合金钢的耐磨性，首先必须消除磨损表面的主动低周疲劳现象。在磨损过程中，土壤中二级结构的形成有助于减少金属对不可逆能量的吸收，从而提高其耐磨性。

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引用次数: 0

Surface Engineering of Tribomaterials with Concentrated Beams of Charged Particles: State-of-Art Approaches and Prospects 带集中带电粒子束的摩擦材料表面工程:最新方法与展望

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q3 Engineering

Journal of Friction and Wear

Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366622060022

A. V. Byeli

Abstract—

The solution of a broad range of research and applied problems of surface engineering of machine-building materials is currently one of the priorities of developing physical material science. This work considers the current state of the research and developments in surface engineering of tribomaterials with beams of charged particles and plasma flows. The main focus is on ion beam processing, vacuum arc deposition, magnetron sputtering, and hybrid ion beam-assisted deposition technologies. The physical basics of the enumerated surface engineering methods are briefly considered, their comparative analysis is made, and their most topical applications and development prospects are determined. A huge amount of empirical material has been accumulated both in the field of process methods of treatment surface engineering and in the materials science of thin surface layers. At the same time, there is a dramatic lack of fundamental ideas in understanding the physicochemical mechanisms responsible for modifications in surface structure and properties, which inevitably leads to the fragmentation of the efforts on the part of researchers and developers.

摘要:解决机械制造材料表面工程中广泛的研究和应用问题是当前物理材料科学发展的重点之一。本文考虑了带带电粒子束和等离子体流的摩擦材料表面工程的研究现状和发展。主要集中在离子束加工、真空电弧沉积、磁控溅射和混合离子束辅助沉积技术。简要介绍了列举的表面工程方法的物理基础，对它们进行了比较分析，并确定了它们最热门的应用和发展前景。无论是表面处理工程的工艺方法还是薄表面层的材料科学，都积累了大量的经验材料。与此同时，在理解表面结构和性质变化的物理化学机制方面严重缺乏基本的思想，这不可避免地导致研究人员和开发人员的努力碎片化。

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引用次数: 0

Development of an Assortment of Polyethylene Pipes with an Estimated Wear Resistance for Pulp Hydro-Transportation 纸浆水运用聚乙烯管材耐磨性的研制

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q3 Engineering

Journal of Friction and Wear

Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366622050051

V. V. Kovriga, V. R. Gumen, V. V. Selivanov, V. N. Karchev

Abstract—

Currently, the choice of wear-resistant pipes is based on the wear resistance of the material and is not accompanied by consideration of the design properties. Polyethylene pipes are widely used for hydro-transportation of suspensions. In order to more fully inform consumers of polyethylene pipes about various levels of wear resistance, the Polyplastic group is developing a range of pipes with a calculated wear resistance resource. An indicator of the calculation of the wear resistance resource is the length of the flow of suspensions, which, passing through the pipeline, wears out the wall by 75%. To determine the estimated resource, data on the decrease in wall thickness during the passage of the flow are required. The only internationally recognized method to determine this value is the EN 295/3 method [1] using a ribbed abrasive, which was used as a reference method in this study.

摘要:目前，对耐磨管材的选择多以材料的耐磨性为依据，没有考虑其设计性能。聚乙烯管道广泛用于悬浮物的水运。为了让聚乙烯管道的消费者更充分地了解不同级别的耐磨性，Polyplastic集团正在开发一系列具有计算耐磨性资源的管道。计算耐磨性资源的一个指标是悬液流动的长度，它通过管道时对管壁的磨损量为75%。为了确定估计的资源，需要流动过程中壁厚减少的数据。确定该值的唯一国际公认的方法是EN 295/3方法[1]，该方法使用带纹磨料，本研究使用该方法作为参考方法。

引用次数: 0

Calculated Assessment of the Size of an Elementary Tribosystem 初级摩擦系统尺寸的计算评定

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q3 Engineering

Journal of Friction and Wear

Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366622050038

S. V. Fedorov

Abstract—

The friction surface is a concept that has established itself in tribology and the definitions of friction processes. It is clear that this is a tribute to the traditional logic of continuum mechanics. On the other hand, the physical and materials science logic of the real formalization of the concept of surface determines its concretization, which differs from conditional geometricity. In the proposed article, the author, having previously considered the general structural and energy patterns of the evolution of rubbing surfaces, comes to the concept of a critical volume of friction, which is adequate to the concept of equilibrium roughness. The author defines this volume as the volume of an elementary tribosystem. This volume within the framework of the model of the moving critical volume of friction is an elementary tribotransformer of energy. An elementary tribosystem is formed as an adaptive response of a deformed rigid body under friction, the smallest volume that has accumulated the potential energy of defects of extreme density. It has an internal equilibrium far from the state of initial equilibrium. Further, this volume evolves structurally with the constancy of its size. An attempt is made to physically model this critical equilibrium volume of friction. A model of ideal equilibrium of the volume of an atomically smooth surface within a certain elementary nominal friction area adequate to the volume of equilibrium roughness is considered. A method for calculating this critical and equilibrium friction volume is proposed. The principle of extrapolation of the equilibrium volume (oscillation amplitude) of an atomically rough surface to the temperature of absolute zero is substantiated. The direct correlation of the size of the critical friction volume with the size of the equilibrium roughness of the rubbing surfaces is shown. A refined calculation of the critical size of friction—an elementary tribosystem in the state of its ideal evolution according to the model of a mechanical (nano) quantum as an elementary subtribosystem is performed.

摘要:摩擦面是摩擦学和摩擦过程定义中确立的一个概念。很明显，这是对连续介质力学的传统逻辑的致敬。另一方面，表面概念的真实形式化的物理和材料科学逻辑决定了它的具象性，它不同于条件几何性。在这篇文章中，作者考虑了摩擦表面演变的一般结构和能量模式，得出了临界摩擦体积的概念，它足以满足平衡粗糙度的概念。作者将这个体积定义为基本摩擦系统的体积。这个在运动临界摩擦体积模型框架内的体积是一个基本的能量摩擦变压器。初等摩擦系统是变形刚体在摩擦作用下的自适应响应，它是最小体积，积累了极密度缺陷的势能。它有一个远离初始平衡状态的内部平衡。此外，这个体量在结构上随着其大小的恒定而演变。对这一临界平衡摩擦体积进行了物理模拟。考虑了原子光滑表面在一定的基本名义摩擦面积内的理想平衡体积模型，该模型与平衡粗糙度的体积相适应。提出了一种计算临界和平衡摩擦体积的方法。证明了原子粗糙表面的平衡体积(振荡振幅)外推到绝对零度温度的原理。临界摩擦体积的大小与摩擦表面的平衡粗糙度大小直接相关。根据力学(纳米)量子作为基本子摩擦系统的模型，对理想演化状态下的基本摩擦系统的临界摩擦尺寸进行了精细化计算。

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引用次数: 0

Structure and Tribological Properties of a Ti–TiN Coating Obtained by Hypersonic Metallization 高超声速金属化制备Ti-TiN涂层的结构与摩擦学性能

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q3 Engineering

Journal of Friction and Wear

Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366622050075

V. A. Kukareko, M. A. Belotserkovsky, A. N. Grigorchik, A. V. Sosnovskiy

Abstract—

The structure and properties of a hypersonic coating from a Ti–4Al titanium alloy obtained at various propane pressures have been investigated. It is shown that the sprayed coatings contain from a 50 to 70 vol % TiN phase. It was found that the volume fraction of the nitride layer on the surface of a titanium particle depends on the area of titanium particles and their flight speed during deposition. It is shown that the microhardness of the deposited layers of coatings is 1200–1600 HV 0.025 and the hardness of the coatings is 450–650 HV 10. The difference in hardness and microhardness values is associated with the presence of pure titanium interlayers in the coatings, as well as with high porosity. It has been established that hypersonic coatings made of Ti–4Al alloy are characterized by high wear resistance under dry and boundary friction conditions. In particular, under conditions of dry friction, the wear resistance of coatings is ≈14–16 times higher than the wear resistance of a specimen made of Grade 2 monolithic alloy, and under friction conditions in a lubricant up to ≈240 times. Sputtered coatings of titanium alloys containing the TiN nitride phase can be used as protective and wear-resistant layers on the surfaces of various materials, including titanium. It is concluded that the hypersonic metallization method makes it possible to form economical nitride-based coatings characterized by high microhardness and wear resistance.

摘要研究了在不同丙烷压力下制备的Ti-4Al钛合金高超声速涂层的结构和性能。结果表明，涂层中TiN含量为50 ~ 70 vol %。结果表明，钛颗粒表面氮化层的体积分数取决于钛颗粒的面积和沉积过程中钛颗粒的飞行速度。结果表明:镀层显微硬度为1200 ~ 1600 HV 0.025，镀层硬度为450 ~ 650 HV 10。硬度和显微硬度值的差异与涂层中纯钛夹层的存在以及高孔隙率有关。研究表明，Ti-4Al合金高超声速涂层在干摩擦和边界摩擦条件下具有较高的耐磨性。特别是在干摩擦条件下，涂层的耐磨性比二级整体合金试样的耐磨性高≈14-16倍，在润滑剂摩擦条件下可达≈240倍。含氮化TiN相的钛合金溅射涂层可作为包括钛在内的各种材料表面的保护层和耐磨层。结果表明，高超声速金属化方法使制备具有高显微硬度和耐磨性的经济氮化物基涂层成为可能。

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引用次数: 1