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Rotor-to-Stator Friction Simulation with Nonconstant Stiffness of the Contact Surfaces and Small Clearance between Them 具有接触面非恒定刚度和小间隙的转子-定子摩擦仿真
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366623030066
A. N. Nikiforov

Analytical and numerical modeling approaches for the contact-working system of turbo- and electric machines have been developed. The simulation allows determining some dynamic characteristics and loads in the rotor–stator system when there is a loss in clearance between them and there occurs subsequent motions with impacts or without separation from each other. In the system, the rotor and stator are deformable, the stiffness of rubbing surfaces is variable, and the working clearance between them is extremely small (50–500 times less than the rotor radius at the contact point). It is shown that the effect of the absolute elasticity for stator generates a significant change in natural oscillations of the coupled rotor–stator system, that is, a significant change in its eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes. It is noted that the elastic deformation of rubbing surfaces leads to a nonlinear increase in their contact stiffness, which consists of quasi-static and dynamic components. The consequences of an extremely small clearance are an elastic deformation of the contact surfaces commensurate with it (up to half the clearance size at the point of contact) during whirling with slipping of rotor over stator, as well as the disappearance of pure rolling, which is accompanied by the actual absence of rotary speeds even at low frequencies of contact whirling. The resulting diagrams of changes in the contact stiffness and whirling frequencies and the XY trajectories can serve as sources of initial information for identifying the operation of a real rotary machine on the threshold of a dangerous whirling with slipping and whipping and for further studies of contact oscillations of rotors.

已经开发了涡轮和电机接触工作系统的分析和数值建模方法。模拟允许确定转子-定子系统中的一些动态特性和负载,当它们之间存在间隙损失,并且随后发生有冲击或没有相互分离的运动时。在该系统中,转子和定子是可变形的,摩擦表面的刚度是可变的,并且它们之间的工作间隙非常小(比接触点处的转子半径小50–500倍)。研究表明,定子的绝对弹性效应会使转子-定子耦合系统的固有振荡发生显著变化,即其本征频率和本征模发生显著变化。值得注意的是,摩擦表面的弹性变形导致其接触刚度的非线性增加,接触刚度由准静态和动态分量组成。极小间隙的后果是,在转子在定子上滑动的旋转过程中,与之相当的接触表面发生弹性变形(高达接触点处间隙大小的一半),以及纯滚动的消失,即使在接触旋转的低频率下,也会伴随着实际的转速缺失。由此产生的接触刚度和旋转频率以及XY轨迹的变化图可以作为初始信息源,用于识别真实旋转机器在具有打滑和抖动的危险旋转阈值上的操作,以及用于进一步研究转子的接触振荡。
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引用次数: 0
Calculation of Fit Tolerance with Clearance to Increase Relative Wear Resistance of Joints 用间隙计算配合公差以提高接头的相对耐磨性
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366623030054
O. A. Leonov, N. Z. Shkaruba, G. N. Temasova, Y. G. Vergazova, P. V. Golinitskiy

The total resource of the assembly unit, as well as the post-repair resource of the unit, depend on the specified resource for critical joints. The main problem of calculating the joint accuracy is to determine the margin of accuracy or the margin of material for wear since an increase in the estimated fit tolerance will lead to a decrease in durability, and its decrease will entail an increase in costs due to an increase in rejects or the need to introduce a technological operation. In this regard, a method for calculating the joint fit tolerance depending on the specified or design wear characteristics was developed based on the analysis of the parametric failure model. When modeling various wear rates, it is recommended to use the relative wear resistance of the joint in the obtained dependences only if the wear function is approximated in a linear form. An expression for calculating the relative wear resistance of a joint is obtained depending on the wear resistance of the surfaces of the parts that form it. Using the example of calculating the fit tolerance of a rolling bearing operating under hydrodynamic friction conditions, the resulting fits are analyzed at a certain resource of no-failure operation of the joint for cases of increasing the wear resistance of the joint by 10 and 20%. The scientific novelty of the research lies in obtaining a theoretical relation between the fit tolerance and the probabilistic characteristics of the wear process at a specified probability of failure-free operation. The practical significance of research is expressed in the possibility of calculating the accuracy parameters of a particular joint at a specified resource.

装配单元的总资源以及单元的修复后资源取决于关键接头的指定资源。计算接头精度的主要问题是确定精度裕度或材料磨损裕度,因为估计的配合公差的增加将导致耐用性的降低,而其降低将导致成本的增加,这是由于不合格品的增加或引入技术操作的需要。在这方面,基于对参数失效模型的分析,开发了一种根据指定或设计磨损特性计算接头配合公差的方法。当对各种磨损率进行建模时,建议仅当磨损函数近似为线性形式时,才使用获得的依赖关系中的接头的相对耐磨性。根据形成接头的零件表面的耐磨性,可以获得计算接头相对耐磨性的表达式。以计算在流体动力摩擦条件下运行的滚动轴承的配合公差为例,分析了在一定的接头无故障运行资源下,在将接头耐磨性提高10%和20%的情况下产生的配合。该研究的科学新颖性在于,在特定的无故障运行概率下,获得了配合公差与磨损过程的概率特征之间的理论关系。研究的实际意义体现在计算特定资源下特定节理的精度参数的可能性上。
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引用次数: 0
Structural-Energy Aspect of the Friction Coefficient 摩擦系数的结构能量方面
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366623030042
S. V. Fedorov

Over five centuries, friction science used the friction coefficient as the main quantitative characteristic of the friction process. The concept of the friction coefficient as a characteristic of resistance to the movement of frictional surfaces in a latent form was formulated by Leonardo da Vinci. Two centuries later, already in an explicit form, as a formula, the friction coefficient appeared in the studies of Guillaume Amonton. Modern engineering believes that the friction coefficient has no physical meaning, it is merely a convenient friction parameter that can be easily determined in an experiment. What is the physical meaning of resistance to the movement of frictional surfaces? If we perform a thermodynamic analysis of the friction process, considering each deformable friction contact element as an independent transformer and dissipator of energy of the external relative displacement (motion) of surfaces, then it becomes possible to consider the friction coefficient in a new physical sense. The accumulation of the potential energy of a deformed structure (defects in the crystalline structure) by a friction contact is, in essence, a method of deceleration of frictional surfaces moving relative to each other. The static potential energy of the formed defects in the structure of the contact structure is a measure of the decrease in the kinetic energy of the relative motion of the frictional surfaces. The pragmatism of the energy (thermodynamic) approach of friction is organically embedded in the general problems of energy consumption and saving energy resources of modern tribology.

五个多世纪以来,摩擦科学将摩擦系数作为摩擦过程的主要定量特征。列奥纳多·达·芬奇提出了摩擦系数的概念,认为摩擦系数是对潜在形式的摩擦表面运动的阻力的特征。两个世纪后,摩擦系数作为一个公式已经以明确的形式出现在纪尧姆·阿蒙顿的研究中。现代工程认为,摩擦系数没有物理意义,它只是一个方便的摩擦参数,可以在实验中很容易地确定。摩擦表面运动阻力的物理意义是什么?如果我们对摩擦过程进行热力学分析,将每个可变形的摩擦接触元件视为表面外部相对位移(运动)能量的独立变换器和耗散器,那么就有可能从新的物理意义上考虑摩擦系数。通过摩擦接触来积累变形结构(晶体结构中的缺陷)的势能本质上是一种使相对于彼此移动的摩擦表面减速的方法。在接触结构的结构中形成的缺陷的静态势能是摩擦表面的相对运动的动能减小的量度。摩擦的能量(热力学)方法的实用主义有机地嵌入了现代摩擦学的能源消耗和节约能源的一般问题中。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal Diagnostics of Friction in Self-Lubricating Sliding Bearings with Swinging Movement of the Shaft 轴摆动自润滑滑动轴承摩擦的热诊断
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366623030108
N. P. Starostin, R. S. Tikhonov

Abstract

For thermal diagnostics of friction determining the time dependence of frictional heat generation and, accordingly, the moment of friction in self-lubricating sliding bearings using temperature data, an algorithm for solving the inverse problem of heat conduction by iterative regularization is proposed. The iterative regularization algorithm for restoring the frictional heat generation function from temperature data using a three-dimensional model of the thermal process and taking into account the speed of the swinging movement of the shaft is implemented. An assumption was made about the uniform distribution of specific heat generation along the length of the bearing to simplify the formulation of the problem. The numerical solution of the model problem was carried out with the shaft oscillating with a frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 7.5°. The time step was chosen from the Courant condition and was 0.1 s. The full-time interval was divided into local ones when solving the inverse problem in order to avoid storing large arrays of temperature data at each iteration. The solutions at the junctions of local intervals were glued. A condition for stopping the iterative process of restoring the frictional heat generation function is proposed, taking into account the total error in temperature measurements and calculations using local intervals. Calculations show that the accuracy of restoring the function of the specific intensity of frictional heat generation using the developed algorithm for solving the inverse problem of 9.9% is commensurate with the accuracy of 3.8% of specifying temperature information. The developed algorithm for determining frictional heat generation using a 3D model of the thermal process can be used to determine the friction torque from temperature data in real self-lubricating sliding bearings operating in the oscillation mode.

摘要——为了对摩擦进行热诊断,利用温度数据确定摩擦发热的时间依赖性,从而确定自润滑滑动轴承的摩擦力矩,提出了一种通过迭代正则化求解热传导逆问题的算法。使用热过程的三维模型并考虑轴的摆动速度,实现了从温度数据恢复摩擦生热函数的迭代正则化算法。为了简化问题的公式,假设比热产生沿轴承长度的均匀分布。模型问题的数值求解是在轴以1Hz的频率和7.5°的振幅振荡的情况下进行的。时间步长从Courant条件中选择,为0.1s。在求解逆问题时,将全时间隔划分为局部间隔,以避免在每次迭代时存储大量的温度数据。局部间隔连接处的溶液被粘在一起。考虑到使用局部区间进行温度测量和计算的总误差,提出了停止恢复摩擦生热函数的迭代过程的条件。计算表明,使用所开发的求解逆问题的算法恢复摩擦生热比强度函数的精度为9.9%,与指定温度信息的精度为3.8%相当。所开发的使用热过程的3D模型确定摩擦热产生的算法可用于根据在振荡模式下运行的真实自润滑滑动轴承中的温度数据确定摩擦扭矩。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Evaluation of the Cross Roller Bearing Resistance Moment in Vacuum 真空中十字滚子轴承阻力矩的实验评定
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366623020095
M. V. Prozhega, E. O. Konstantinov, E. O. Reschikov, A. Yu. Albagachiev, N. I. Smirnov, N. N. Smirnov

Abstract

Roller bearings with crossed rollers are actively used in the swivel mechanisms of manipulators and other units due to the combination of high rigidity and increased load capacity. When designing new mechanisms, an important characteristic is the resistance moment, the value of which can be significantly influenced by operating conditions, such as the environment, the amount and type of lubricant, load, etc. In the presented study, the resistance moment and the friction coefficient of a cross-roller bearing were investigated at various temperatures, pressure in the chamber, load, and amount of lubricant. To test a bearing with crossed rollers of size RA 6008 in the temperature range from –40 to +100°C in vacuum conditions, technological equipment was designed and manufactured, a method for measuring the resistance moment was developed, and a full factorial experiment was carried out to assess the degree of influence of various factors on the resistance moment at a fixed VNIINP-284 (AMETHYST) grease amount. The test results showed that the moment of resistance and the coefficient of friction decrease with an increase in the grease amount from 60 to 230 mg, a decrease in air pressure in the test chamber from 105 Pa to 1.33 × 10–3 Pa leads to an increase in the friction coefficient and the resistance moment of the bearing, while an increase in temperature operation of a bearing with grease from 25 to 100°С leads to a decrease in the resistance moment and friction coefficient, and a decrease in temperature to –40°C leads to their increase.

摘要:具有交叉滚子的滚子轴承由于具有高刚度和增加的承载能力,在机械臂和其他单位的旋转机构中得到了积极的应用。在设计新的机构时,一个重要的特性是阻力矩,其值会受到运行条件的显著影响,如环境、润滑剂的数量和类型、负载等。在本研究中,研究了不同温度、腔内压力、载荷和润滑剂用量下交叉滚子轴承的阻力矩和摩擦系数。为在-40 ~ +100℃的真空条件下测试尺寸为RA 6008的交叉滚子轴承,设计并制造了工艺设备,开发了阻力矩的测量方法,并进行了全因子试验,在固定VNIINP-284 (AMETHYST)润滑脂量下,评估了各因素对阻力矩的影响程度。测试结果表明,抵抗力矩和摩擦系数减少油脂量的增加从60岁提高到230毫克,减少空气压力在测试室从105年球季爸爸1.33×Pa导致增加轴承的摩擦系数和阻力矩,而温度的增加操作的轴承润滑脂从25到100°С导致减少阻力矩和摩擦系数,温度降低到-40°C会导致它们的增加。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting of the Residual Life of Pavements on Highways Based on the Analysis of Energy Dissipation under the Dynamic Influence of Transport 基于交通动力影响下能量耗散分析的公路路面剩余寿命预测
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366623020113
A. N. Tiraturyan

Abstract

The aim of the study is to develop a method for predicting the residual life of road surfaces on highways based on the analysis of energy dissipation under the dynamic influence of transport. To solve this problem, the method of analyzing its stress-strain state is applied, based on the exact solution of the dynamic Lame equation, which allows constructing the amplitude-time characteristics of displacements, strains, and stresses. Based on the constructed amplitude-time characteristics of stresses and strains, a dynamic hysteresis loop is constructed, the area of which corresponds to the volume of dissipation energy in the structure of the pavement for a single deformation cycle. Based on the presented computational approach, a method for determining the calculated total energy dissipation in the structure of the pavement over the service life was developed. Using the FWD shock loading unit and a mobile diagnostic laboratory, an experimental method for determining the total energy dissipation over the service life of the pavement was developed. Their comparison allows predicting wear and determining the residual life and service life of road coverings on highways as well as assigning corrective measures for their restoration.

摘要:本研究的目的是在分析交通动力影响下路面能量耗散的基础上,建立一种预测公路路面剩余寿命的方法。为了解决这一问题,采用了基于动态拉梅方程精确解的应力-应变状态分析方法,可以构造位移、应变和应力的幅时特性。基于所构建的应力应变幅时特性,构建了路面单次变形周期内结构耗散能量体积对应的动态滞回线。在此基础上,提出了一种确定路面结构在使用寿命期间总耗能的计算方法。利用FWD冲击加载装置和移动诊断实验室,提出了一种确定路面使用寿命期间总耗能的实验方法。它们的比较可以预测磨损,确定高速公路道路覆盖物的剩余寿命和使用寿命,并为其修复分配纠正措施。
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引用次数: 0
Extremely High Wear of Steel Surfaces in Polyorganosiloxane Mixtures Containing 10 wt % Hydrocarbon Oils 在含有10 wt %烃类油的聚有机硅氧烷混合物中,钢表面具有极高的磨损
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366623020071
G. F. Pavelko

The effect of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP), para-cumylphenol (PCP), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (DTBMP), dicumyl peroxide (DCP), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TMPO), dodecantiol (DdSH), dibutyl disulfide (Bu2S2), didodecyl disulfide (Dd2S2), and molecular oxygen on the wear index (Wi) of purified Vaseline oil (PVO), hexadecane (HD), polyethylsiloxane (PES-5), and a mixture of PES-5 containing 10 wt % PVO or HD was studied for the first time. The reason for the extremely high wear of steel surfaces in a solution of PES-5 containing 10 wt % of hydrocarbon lubricants, consists in the antagonism of polyorganosiloxanes with hydrocarbon lubricants and in the lack of molecular oxygen necessary for the formation of a servovite film. The prospect of studying mixtures of polyorganosiloxanes and hydrocarbons is to find a mixture that would have synergism in the anti-wear area. Studies of additives and gaseous media can also be promising. The results of the study of mixtures of polyorganosiloxanes containing about 10% by weight of hydrogen lubricants can be effectively used to reduce the wear of steel surfaces operating in an oxygen atmosphere.

首次研究了2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(TMP)、对五甲基苯酚(PCP)、2,2,6,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(DTBMP)、过氧化二氨基(DCP)、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧(TMPO)、十二烷基醇(DdSH)、二丁基二硫醚(Bu2S2)、二十二烷基二硫醚(Dd2S2)和分子氧对纯化凡士林油(PVO)、十六烷(HD)、聚乙基硅氧烷(PES-5)以及含10 wt % PVO或HD的PES-5混合物磨损指数(Wi)的影响。在含有10 wt %碳氢润滑剂的PES-5溶液中,钢表面具有极高的磨损,其原因在于聚有机硅氧烷与碳氢润滑剂的拮抗作用,以及缺乏形成servoite膜所必需的分子氧。研究聚有机硅氧烷与碳氢化合物的混合物的前景是寻找一种在抗磨领域具有协同作用的混合物。添加剂和气体介质的研究也很有前景。研究结果表明,含有约10%重量氢润滑剂的聚有机硅氧烷混合物可以有效地用于减少在氧气气氛中工作的钢表面的磨损。
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引用次数: 0
Mathematical Modeling of Rotary Vane Compressors Taking into Account the Mutual Influence of Tribological and Operating Parameters 考虑摩擦参数和工作参数相互影响的旋片压缩机数学建模
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366623020101
N. A. Raykovskiy, G. I. Chernov, A. M. Kalashnikov

A mathematical model of an oilless rotary vane compressor is presented. The model takes into account the mutual influence of tribological and operating parameters of the stage. To specify conditions for the mathematical model to be unambiguous, experiments were carried out to determine the values of the friction coefficient and the maximum allowable sliding speed of promising self-lubricating materials as functions of the load and speed parameters of the compressor stage. Mathematical modeling of the integral energy characteristics of the oilless stage of the rotary vane type has shown the conceptual option to expand the range of its operation modes based on the justified use of self-lubricating materials in friction units and account of the mutual influence of tribological and operational factors. Theoretical studies have confirmed that the speed of the stage and the degree of pressure can be increased by a factor no less than 2 compared with those of commercially produced machines. However, setting the friction coefficient in modeling stages of a rotary vane type as a constant can lead to incorrect conclusions in designing in what regards the best operating and structural parameters of the stage. Increasing the speed of the oilless stage of the rotary vane type will enable a reduction in the production requirements for end clearances and an increase in the specific weight and size characteristics and the degree of pressure increase in the stage by a factor of 1.5–2 for the effective efficiency values of 0.8 or more. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to more accurately predict the energy losses related to mechanical friction in the stages and the integral energy characteristics of the stage in a wide range of operating and design parameters.

建立了无油旋叶片压缩机的数学模型。该模型考虑了台阶的摩擦学参数和工作参数的相互影响。为了确定数学模型明确的条件,进行了实验,确定了有前途的自润滑材料的摩擦系数和最大允许滑动速度随压缩机级负载和速度参数的函数值。旋转叶片型无油阶段的整体能量特性的数学建模显示了基于在摩擦单元中合理使用自润滑材料和考虑摩擦学和操作因素的相互影响,扩展其操作模式范围的概念选择。理论研究证实,与商业生产的机器相比,该阶段的速度和压力程度可以提高不小于2倍。然而,将旋转叶片型建模级的摩擦系数设为常数,会导致在设计阶段最佳运行参数和结构参数时得出不正确的结论。提高旋转叶片型无油级的速度,可以减少对末端间隙的生产要求,增加重量和尺寸特性,并使级内的压力增加1.5-2倍,有效效率值为0.8或更高。提出的数学模型可以更准确地预测与级内机械摩擦有关的能量损失,以及在广泛的操作和设计参数范围内级的整体能量特性。
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引用次数: 0
Study of the Anti-Wear Properties of Motor Oil during Thermostatization 温控过程中机油抗磨性能的研究
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.3103/S106836662302006X
N. N. Lysyannikova, V. G. Shram, Yu. N. Bezborodov, A. V. Lysyannikov, E. G. Kravtsova, M. A. Plakhotnikova, M. A. Kovaleva, E. A. Efremova, A. A. Ryabinin, Zh. S. Sharshembiev

This paper discusses a method for determining the anti-wear properties of motor oils after temperature control in the temperature range from 160 to 280°C. Optical density, viscosity, and wear scar diameter are considered. The effect of degradation products on the anti-wear properties of the oils under study was evaluated. The degree of influence of degradation products on anti-wear properties is shown, which is determined by the dependence of the change of diameter of the wear spot of thermostated oils on the absorption coefficient of the light flux. It is noted that the decomposition products have an ambiguous effect on the anti-wear properties of motor oils, which vary from 0.32 to 0.26 mm, and significant changes occur at a coefficient of KP = 0.05 of all studied oils, while the minimum diameter of the wear spot is characterized by mineral oil, partially synthetic and synthetic oils have values greater than 1.2 times and the reason for this is their heterogeneous composition, which depends on the quality of the additives used and their tendency to decomposition. As an assessment of anti-wear properties, a criterion is proposed that characterizes the concentration of degradation products and is recommended for classifying motor oils into groups of performance properties. The data obtained on the anti-wear properties of motor oils make it possible to compare oils of the same purpose and create a databank that will allow equipment designers to reasonably select oils depending on the temperature conditions of the tribocouples.

本文讨论了在160 ~ 280℃温度范围内温度控制后测定机油抗磨性能的方法。光密度,粘度和磨损疤痕直径被考虑在内。评价了降解产物对所研究油品抗磨性能的影响。降解产物对抗磨性能的影响程度由热稳态油磨损斑直径变化对光通量吸收系数的依赖关系决定。研究发现,分解产物对机油抗磨性能的影响较为模糊,其范围在0.32 ~ 0.26 mm之间,且在所有研究油的系数KP = 0.05处发生显著变化,而磨损点的最小直径以矿物油为特征,部分合成油和合成油的值大于1.2倍,其原因是它们的非均质组成。这取决于所用添加剂的质量及其分解的倾向。作为抗磨性能的评估,提出了表征降解产物浓度的标准,并建议将机油分类为性能性能组。获得的机油抗磨性能数据可以比较相同用途的油,并创建一个数据库,使设备设计人员能够根据摩擦偶的温度条件合理选择油。
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引用次数: 0
Wear of a Composite Based on Polyurethane, Polyfluorinated Alcohol, Montmorillonite, and Polytetrafluoroethylene 聚氨酯、聚氟醇、蒙脱土和聚四氟乙烯复合材料的磨损
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.3103/S1068366623020046
S. V. Kudashev, A. A. Terekhov, V. A. Babkin, A. V. Nistratov, V. F. Zheltobryukhov, D. S. Andreev, A. V. Ignatov, V. N. Arisova, A. I. Bogdanov, N. V. Kuznetsova

The influence of compositions based on 1H,1H,9H-trihydroperfluorononan-1-ol, montmorillonite, and polytetrafluoroethylene Fluralite on the structure and wear resistance of the polyurethane elastomer modified by them is considered. The introduction of polyelement modifiers leads to the reorganization of the amorphous structure of the polymer matrix and changes in the properties of the surface. There is an increase in the intensity of the amorphous halo and a decrease in its radial half-width. According to the methods of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray microanalysis, the surface (up to 3 nm) and deep layers (up to 5 μm) of the modified polyurethane elastomer are enriched with fluorine, which together leads to the formation of a hydrophobic boundary lubricant layer and provides increased wear resistance. The developed polyurethane composites may be of interest as monolithic sports, roofing, and waterproofing coatings.

研究了1H、1H、9h -三氢全氟壬烷-1-醇、蒙脱土、聚四氟乙烯氟石等组成物对改性聚氨酯弹性体结构和耐磨性的影响。高分子改性剂的引入导致聚合物基体非晶结构的重组和表面性能的改变。无定形光晕的强度增加,其径向半宽度减小。根据x射线光电子能谱和x射线微分析方法,改性聚氨酯弹性体的表面(高达3 nm)和深层(高达5 μm)富含氟,共同形成疏水边界润滑层,提高了耐磨性。所开发的聚氨酯复合材料可能是感兴趣的整体运动,屋顶和防水涂料。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Friction and Wear
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