Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700947
S. Pang, Wai-Hwa Khoh
Stable colloidal suspensions of magnetite and magnetite/starch nanocomposite prepared by the co-precipitation method, and a simple, facile and aqueous-based chemical precipitation method, respectively. Nanoparticulate magnetite thin films on supporting stainless steel plates were prepared by drop-coating followed by heat treatment under controlled conditions (Fig. 1). The effects of calcination temperature and atmosphere on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of nanoparticulate magnetite thin films were investigated. Magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films were formed from the magnetite/starch nanocomposites after the starch component was carbonized by heat treatment under controlled conditions (Fig. 1). The initial content of native sago starch was found to affect the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the resulting magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films (Fig. 2). Nanoparticulate magnetite thin films prepared under optimized conditions exhibited a specific capacitance value of 82 F/g in mild aqueous solution of 1.0 M Na2SO4 (Fig. 3). A specific capacitance of 124 F/g was achieved for the magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films in the same mild aqueous electrolyte. Due to their high charge capacity, good cycling reversibility and stability in a mild aqueous electrolyte, nanoparticulate magnetite and magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films appear to be very promising electrode materials for the fabrication of charge-storage devices, in particular, electrochemical capacitors.
分别采用共沉淀法、简单法、易沉淀法和水基化学沉淀法制备了稳定的磁铁矿胶体悬浮液和磁铁矿/淀粉纳米复合材料。在受控条件下，通过滴涂后热处理的方法在不锈钢载体上制备纳米磁铁矿薄膜(图1)，研究了煅烧温度和气氛对纳米磁铁矿薄膜微观结构和电化学性能的影响。在可控条件下对淀粉组分进行热处理碳化后，磁铁矿/淀粉纳米复合材料形成磁铁矿/碳纳米复合薄膜(图1)。发现原生西米淀粉的初始含量会影响所得磁铁矿/碳纳米复合薄膜的微观结构和电化学性能(图2)。在优化条件下制备的纳米颗粒磁铁矿薄膜的比电容值为82 F/g in在1.0 M Na2SO4的温和水溶液中(图3)，磁铁矿/碳纳米复合薄膜在相同的温和水溶液中获得124 F/g的比电容。由于其高电荷容量，良好的循环可逆性和在温和的水电解质中的稳定性，纳米颗粒磁铁矿和磁铁矿/碳纳米复合薄膜似乎是非常有前途的电极材料，用于制造电荷存储器件，特别是电化学电容器。
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured magnetite and magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films for electrochemical applications","authors":"S. Pang, Wai-Hwa Khoh","doi":"10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700947","url":null,"abstract":"Stable colloidal suspensions of magnetite and magnetite/starch nanocomposite prepared by the co-precipitation method, and a simple, facile and aqueous-based chemical precipitation method, respectively. Nanoparticulate magnetite thin films on supporting stainless steel plates were prepared by drop-coating followed by heat treatment under controlled conditions (Fig. 1). The effects of calcination temperature and atmosphere on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of nanoparticulate magnetite thin films were investigated. Magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films were formed from the magnetite/starch nanocomposites after the starch component was carbonized by heat treatment under controlled conditions (Fig. 1). The initial content of native sago starch was found to affect the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the resulting magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films (Fig. 2). Nanoparticulate magnetite thin films prepared under optimized conditions exhibited a specific capacitance value of 82 F/g in mild aqueous solution of 1.0 M Na2SO4 (Fig. 3). A specific capacitance of 124 F/g was achieved for the magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films in the same mild aqueous electrolyte. Due to their high charge capacity, good cycling reversibility and stability in a mild aqueous electrolyte, nanoparticulate magnetite and magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films appear to be very promising electrode materials for the fabrication of charge-storage devices, in particular, electrochemical capacitors.","PeriodicalId":6354,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano)","volume":"79 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90468773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5701086
M. Hussain
Aluminium is the second largest consumer industrial item after steel. The high strength to weight ratio of aluminium allows a substantial savings in most applications. There is always a high demand for plating on Al and its alloys i.e. in automotive and aerospace products, house-hold goods, artificial jewellery, to name some. The achievable properties that can be added to aluminium are mechanical, magnetic, electrical, thermal, corrosive and decorative. As an example it could be interesting to add wear resistance (abrasive or adhesive wear), hardness and corrosion protection to aluminium. However, as soon as aluminium is exposed to the atmosphere a thin oxide film forms almost instantaneously. In its natural form this oxide film is less than 0.10µm thick. Although this natural oxide film is very hard, tenacious, abrasion resistant and an insulator but as it is attached to a soft ductile metal, it is easily damaged. The presence of the same oxide film (which makes the surface of the aluminium act as a non-conductor) has made it impossible to deposit any decorative or wear resistant coatings by electrodeposition on aluminium. This paper will for the first time discuss a new, an innovative and world's first ever process for directly electrodepositing nanocrystalline Ni on aluminium surfaces without the need to pre-treat the aluminium substrates with acid/s and pre-plate with an intermediate metallic layer. Nanomechanical test instrument was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the as plated Ni/Al2O3/Al layers. Several partial-unloading nanoindentation tests were performed on the samples using a Berkovich probe to measure the hardness and reduced modulus of the samples as a function of contact depth. These test results will be discussed further to elucidate the mechanism of adhesion of the electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni with the intermediate non-conductive aluminium oxide (Al2O3) layer at a nano-scale.
{"title":"Nanomechanical characterization of nanocrystalline Ni directly plated on aluminium","authors":"M. Hussain","doi":"10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5701086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5701086","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium is the second largest consumer industrial item after steel. The high strength to weight ratio of aluminium allows a substantial savings in most applications. There is always a high demand for plating on Al and its alloys i.e. in automotive and aerospace products, house-hold goods, artificial jewellery, to name some. The achievable properties that can be added to aluminium are mechanical, magnetic, electrical, thermal, corrosive and decorative. As an example it could be interesting to add wear resistance (abrasive or adhesive wear), hardness and corrosion protection to aluminium. However, as soon as aluminium is exposed to the atmosphere a thin oxide film forms almost instantaneously. In its natural form this oxide film is less than 0.10µm thick. Although this natural oxide film is very hard, tenacious, abrasion resistant and an insulator but as it is attached to a soft ductile metal, it is easily damaged. The presence of the same oxide film (which makes the surface of the aluminium act as a non-conductor) has made it impossible to deposit any decorative or wear resistant coatings by electrodeposition on aluminium. This paper will for the first time discuss a new, an innovative and world's first ever process for directly electrodepositing nanocrystalline Ni on aluminium surfaces without the need to pre-treat the aluminium substrates with acid/s and pre-plate with an intermediate metallic layer. Nanomechanical test instrument was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the as plated Ni/Al2O3/Al layers. Several partial-unloading nanoindentation tests were performed on the samples using a Berkovich probe to measure the hardness and reduced modulus of the samples as a function of contact depth. These test results will be discussed further to elucidate the mechanism of adhesion of the electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni with the intermediate non-conductive aluminium oxide (Al2O3) layer at a nano-scale.","PeriodicalId":6354,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano)","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75407599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5701064
S. Chandren, B. Ohtani
Due to the potential environmental applications, photocatalytic reactions occurring on the surface of photoirradiated titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) have garnered a wide interest [1, 2]. Despite displaying high photocatalytic activity, the utilization of TiO2 is limited by its lack of selectivity. To address this problem, Ikeda et al. [3, 4] conducted a study, in which they reported the fabrication of a novel core-shell composite photocatalyst which consisted of commercially available TiO2 particles incorporated into a hollow silica shell (SiO2/void/TiO2). The SiO2/void/TiO2 showed decomposition of small substrates but negligible activity for larger molecules. This composite also exhibited the ability to retain the intrinsic activity of original TiO2 for small substrates due to the presence of a void space between the TiO2 core and the hollow silica shell. In this study, platinized TiO2 core and hollow silica shell (SiO2/void/Pt-TiO2) were synthesized, and the silica pores were modified with chiral agents, namely poly (amino acid)s. The fabrication of the composite is firstly done by modifying the surface of TiO2 powder with amino groups using 3-amino-propyltrimethoxysilane (APS). To obtain carbon-coated TiO2, the amino-functionalized TiO2 was treated with aqueous glucose (carbon layer). Then n-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (AEAPS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) (silica layer) was used to yield Si/C/TiO2, followed by heat treatment to remove the carbon layer to obtain SiO2/void/TiO2. As the synthesis of the SiO2/void/TiO2 is still on-going and yet to be successful, poly-L-lysine and poly (L-lactic acid) were impregnated on platinized TiO2 (ST-41) in order to study the effect of poly (amino) acids in inducing chirality. The resulting material and platinized TiO2 was tested out in the photocatalytic redox-combined synthesis of L-PCA (pipecolinic acid) from (racemic) DL-lysine in order to obtain optically active PCA [5]. The results show that platinized TiO2 modified with poly (L-lactic acid) displayed a higher optical purity of L-PCA as compared to normal platinized TiO2, although the conversion was slightly lower. Platinized TiO2 modified with poly-L-lysine on the other hand, demonstrated a much lower conversion percentage among the three samples prepared. This shows that poly (L-lactic acid) have potential in inducing chirality in SiO2/void/TiO2 in order to produce optically active PCA.
{"title":"Modification of hollow core-shell particles with poly (amino) acids to induce chirality","authors":"S. Chandren, B. Ohtani","doi":"10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5701064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5701064","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the potential environmental applications, photocatalytic reactions occurring on the surface of photoirradiated titanium (IV) oxide (TiO<inf>2</inf>) have garnered a wide interest [1, 2]. Despite displaying high photocatalytic activity, the utilization of TiO<inf>2</inf> is limited by its lack of selectivity. To address this problem, Ikeda et al. [3, 4] conducted a study, in which they reported the fabrication of a novel core-shell composite photocatalyst which consisted of commercially available TiO<inf>2</inf> particles incorporated into a hollow silica shell (SiO<inf>2</inf>/void/TiO<inf>2</inf>). The SiO<inf>2</inf>/void/TiO<inf>2</inf> showed decomposition of small substrates but negligible activity for larger molecules. This composite also exhibited the ability to retain the intrinsic activity of original TiO<inf>2</inf> for small substrates due to the presence of a void space between the TiO<inf>2</inf> core and the hollow silica shell. In this study, platinized TiO<inf>2</inf> core and hollow silica shell (SiO<inf>2</inf>/void/Pt-TiO<inf>2</inf>) were synthesized, and the silica pores were modified with chiral agents, namely poly (amino acid)s. The fabrication of the composite is firstly done by modifying the surface of TiO<inf>2</inf> powder with amino groups using 3-amino-propyltrimethoxysilane (APS). To obtain carbon-coated TiO<inf>2</inf>, the amino-functionalized TiO<inf>2</inf> was treated with aqueous glucose (carbon layer). Then n-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (AEAPS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) (silica layer) was used to yield Si/C/TiO<inf>2</inf>, followed by heat treatment to remove the carbon layer to obtain SiO<inf>2</inf>/void/TiO<inf>2</inf>. As the synthesis of the SiO<inf>2</inf>/void/TiO<inf>2</inf> is still on-going and yet to be successful, poly-L-lysine and poly (L-lactic acid) were impregnated on platinized TiO<inf>2</inf> (ST-41) in order to study the effect of poly (amino) acids in inducing chirality. The resulting material and platinized TiO<inf>2</inf> was tested out in the photocatalytic redox-combined synthesis of L-PCA (pipecolinic acid) from (racemic) DL-lysine in order to obtain optically active PCA [5]. The results show that platinized TiO<inf>2</inf> modified with poly (L-lactic acid) displayed a higher optical purity of L-PCA as compared to normal platinized TiO<inf>2</inf>, although the conversion was slightly lower. Platinized TiO<inf>2</inf> modified with poly-L-lysine on the other hand, demonstrated a much lower conversion percentage among the three samples prepared. This shows that poly (L-lactic acid) have potential in inducing chirality in SiO<inf>2</inf>/void/TiO<inf>2</inf> in order to produce optically active PCA.","PeriodicalId":6354,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75419705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ahmad, M. Nakajima, M. Kojima, S. Kojima, M. Homma, T. Fukuda
Cell-substrate adhesion and cell-cell adhesion are very important in promoting other cell activities such as cell proliferation and cell differentiation [1]. Furthermore, the knowledge of the cell adhesion force can be used in various applications such as in the determination of the cell viability and the evaluation of the quality of the artificial scaffold. Although there are several force measurement techniques available, e.g. atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever [2], optical tweezer [3] and micropipette, these techniques are difficult to be implemented directly when dealing with the cell adhesion measurement.
{"title":"Fabrication and application of nanofork for measuring single cells adhesion force inside ESEM","authors":"M. Ahmad, M. Nakajima, M. Kojima, S. Kojima, M. Homma, T. Fukuda","doi":"10.1063/1.3587007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3587007","url":null,"abstract":"Cell-substrate adhesion and cell-cell adhesion are very important in promoting other cell activities such as cell proliferation and cell differentiation [1]. Furthermore, the knowledge of the cell adhesion force can be used in various applications such as in the determination of the cell viability and the evaluation of the quality of the artificial scaffold. Although there are several force measurement techniques available, e.g. atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever [2], optical tweezer [3] and micropipette, these techniques are difficult to be implemented directly when dealing with the cell adhesion measurement.","PeriodicalId":6354,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano)","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73086884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5701096
M. Radhakrishnan
As the device technology is progressing from nanometer level towards atomic scale, the famous comment “There is plenty of room at the bottom” by Richard Feynman [1] 50 years ago needs to be studied carefully and understood in detail. This has to be viewed alongwith the comment by a leading device manufacturer “There is plenty of difficulty near the bottom” [2]. Why this discrepancy in observations?
随着器件技术从纳米级向原子级发展，50年前理查德·费曼(Richard Feynman)的著名论断“底部有足够的空间”(There is plenty of room at the bottom)需要仔细研究和详细理解。这必须与一家领先的设备制造商的评论“在底部附近有很多困难”一起看待。为什么观察结果会有这种差异?
{"title":"Search of a needle in Haystack : Analysis and reliability of nanoelectronic devices","authors":"M. Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5701096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5701096","url":null,"abstract":"As the device technology is progressing from nanometer level towards atomic scale, the famous comment “There is plenty of room at the bottom” by Richard Feynman [1] 50 years ago needs to be studied carefully and understood in detail. This has to be viewed alongwith the comment by a leading device manufacturer “There is plenty of difficulty near the bottom” [2]. Why this discrepancy in observations?","PeriodicalId":6354,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano)","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75268215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5701053
Hui-Wen Cheng, Yiming Li
The performance comparison of differential amplifier between 16-nm planar CMOS and FinFET with different AR are conducted. The results of this study show that the FinFET exhibits excellen DC characteristic than other structures. The differential amplifier with a higher gain was also obtained using FinFET. We are currently studying the effect of device variability on dynamic characteristics of differential amplifier.
{"title":"A comparative study of dynamic characteristics on 16-nm-gate planar CMOS and bulk FinFETs' differential amplifier","authors":"Hui-Wen Cheng, Yiming Li","doi":"10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5701053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5701053","url":null,"abstract":"The performance comparison of differential amplifier between 16-nm planar CMOS and FinFET with different AR are conducted. The results of this study show that the FinFET exhibits excellen DC characteristic than other structures. The differential amplifier with a higher gain was also obtained using FinFET. We are currently studying the effect of device variability on dynamic characteristics of differential amplifier.","PeriodicalId":6354,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano)","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74182448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700966
J. Sharif, N. A. Abu Bakar, Rusli Aqilah Fasihah, Hj Mohd Dahlan Khairul Zaman
Polymer clay nanocomposites are hybrids materials consists of inorganic fillers and organic polymeric matrix with one having a dimension in the nanometer range. Montmorillonite (MMT) one of the layered clay minerals which is used as filler in this work is a hydrated alumina silicate clay composed of two silicate tetrahedral sheets with certain alumina octahedral sheet. The silicate layers of MMT are planar with 1 nm thickness and 1000 to 2000Å′ in length and width. This silicate layers do not occur as isolated individuals but aggregated to form crystalline structures. A few weight percent of layered clay if exfoliated and homogeniously dispersed in polymer matrix resulting material with superior mechanical, thermal and barrier properties [1].
{"title":"Radiation effect on polypropylene/natural rubber/clay nanocomposites","authors":"J. Sharif, N. A. Abu Bakar, Rusli Aqilah Fasihah, Hj Mohd Dahlan Khairul Zaman","doi":"10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700966","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer clay nanocomposites are hybrids materials consists of inorganic fillers and organic polymeric matrix with one having a dimension in the nanometer range. Montmorillonite (MMT) one of the layered clay minerals which is used as filler in this work is a hydrated alumina silicate clay composed of two silicate tetrahedral sheets with certain alumina octahedral sheet. The silicate layers of MMT are planar with 1 nm thickness and 1000 to 2000Å′ in length and width. This silicate layers do not occur as isolated individuals but aggregated to form crystalline structures. A few weight percent of layered clay if exfoliated and homogeniously dispersed in polymer matrix resulting material with superior mechanical, thermal and barrier properties [1].","PeriodicalId":6354,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano)","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85123363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700984
C. Yap, M. Yahayaa, Matarneh Muhamad
Organic solar cells have attracted considerable interest due to their great potential for the production of flexible and large-area solar cells at relatively low costs and easy-processing fabrication properties [1–2]. The present work reports the effect of organic salt, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) doping on the performance of single layer bulk heterojunction organic solar cell with ITO/MEHPPV:PCBM/Al structure where indium tin oxide (ITO) was used as anode, poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEHPPV) as donor, (6,6)-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as acceptor and aluminium (Al) as cathode. The active layer was prepared by spin coating technique. The organic solar cells were characterized by current-voltage measurements under illumination with a halogen projector lamp at 100 mW/cm2 using Keithley 237 source measurement unit. As shown in Fig.1, the device doped with TBAPF6 demonstrated a significant increment in the short circuit current density, Jsc and open circuit voltage, Voc as compared to the undoped device. Under illumination of a halogen projector lamp at 100 mW/cm2, the undoped device showed a Jsc of 0.54 µA/cm2, Voc of 0.24 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 16%. With the doping of TBAPF6, the Jsc increased almost ten times to 6.41 µA/cm2. Besides, the Voc also improved significantly from 0.24 V to 0.50 V. The significant improvement was attributed to the increase of built-in electric field caused by accumulation of ionic species at the electrode/active layer interfaces. Therefore, TBAPF6 doping has been shown to be a simple and cost-effective approach to increase the performance of organic solar cell.
{"title":"Influence of tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate doping on the performance of single layer bulk heterojunction organic solar cells","authors":"C. Yap, M. Yahayaa, Matarneh Muhamad","doi":"10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700984","url":null,"abstract":"Organic solar cells have attracted considerable interest due to their great potential for the production of flexible and large-area solar cells at relatively low costs and easy-processing fabrication properties [1–2]. The present work reports the effect of organic salt, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) doping on the performance of single layer bulk heterojunction organic solar cell with ITO/MEHPPV:PCBM/Al structure where indium tin oxide (ITO) was used as anode, poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEHPPV) as donor, (6,6)-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as acceptor and aluminium (Al) as cathode. The active layer was prepared by spin coating technique. The organic solar cells were characterized by current-voltage measurements under illumination with a halogen projector lamp at 100 mW/cm2 using Keithley 237 source measurement unit. As shown in Fig.1, the device doped with TBAPF6 demonstrated a significant increment in the short circuit current density, Jsc and open circuit voltage, Voc as compared to the undoped device. Under illumination of a halogen projector lamp at 100 mW/cm2, the undoped device showed a Jsc of 0.54 µA/cm2, Voc of 0.24 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 16%. With the doping of TBAPF6, the Jsc increased almost ten times to 6.41 µA/cm2. Besides, the Voc also improved significantly from 0.24 V to 0.50 V. The significant improvement was attributed to the increase of built-in electric field caused by accumulation of ionic species at the electrode/active layer interfaces. Therefore, TBAPF6 doping has been shown to be a simple and cost-effective approach to increase the performance of organic solar cell.","PeriodicalId":6354,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano)","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80228323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700987
S. Mallakpour
Inorganic materials such as clay minerals, carbon black and silica are very important reinforcement additives for polymres. Montmorrillonite (MMT) is formed from volcanic ash and is found in great abundance in many soil on Earth. MMT, the most common clay mineral consisting of nanoparticles suitable for nanocomposite production, is comprised of silicate layers having a planar structure of 1 nm thickness and up to 500 nm length. MMT is hydrophilic and in order to make it hydrophobic it could be modified with organic cations via ion exchange technique. This process will convert it to organo-clay which can be effective reinforcing agents in the preparation of polymer-clay nanocomposites [1].
{"title":"Chiral bio-nanoclays: Synthesis and applications","authors":"S. Mallakpour","doi":"10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700987","url":null,"abstract":"Inorganic materials such as clay minerals, carbon black and silica are very important reinforcement additives for polymres. Montmorrillonite (MMT) is formed from volcanic ash and is found in great abundance in many soil on Earth. MMT, the most common clay mineral consisting of nanoparticles suitable for nanocomposite production, is comprised of silicate layers having a planar structure of 1 nm thickness and up to 500 nm length. MMT is hydrophilic and in order to make it hydrophobic it could be modified with organic cations via ion exchange technique. This process will convert it to organo-clay which can be effective reinforcing agents in the preparation of polymer-clay nanocomposites [1].","PeriodicalId":6354,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano)","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80909407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700982
A. Ensafi, Elaheh Khoddami
Penicillamine is a chelator class of pharmaceutical. It is a metabolite of penicillin, although it has no antibiotic properties. To treat rheumatoid arthritis, penicillamine is used as a form of immunosuppression. It works by inhibiting macrophage function, reducing numbers of T-lymphocytes, preventing collagen from cross-linking, and decreasing rheumatoid factor. It is used as a chelating agent. For example in cystinuria, a hereditary disorder featuring formation of cystine stones, penicillamine binds with cysteine to yield a mixed disulfide which is more soluble than cystine. Penicillamine has been used to treat mercury poisoning [1]. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) continue to receive considerable attention in electrochemistry. Recently, carbon nanotubes have been introduced as electrocatalysts and CNTs modified electrodes have been reported to give super-performance in the study of a number of biological species [2,3].
{"title":"Amperometric nanosensor based on carbon nanotubes paste electrode modified with aminophenol for determination of trace amounts of penicillamine in the presence of uric acid","authors":"A. Ensafi, Elaheh Khoddami","doi":"10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESCINANO.2010.5700982","url":null,"abstract":"Penicillamine is a chelator class of pharmaceutical. It is a metabolite of penicillin, although it has no antibiotic properties. To treat rheumatoid arthritis, penicillamine is used as a form of immunosuppression. It works by inhibiting macrophage function, reducing numbers of T-lymphocytes, preventing collagen from cross-linking, and decreasing rheumatoid factor. It is used as a chelating agent. For example in cystinuria, a hereditary disorder featuring formation of cystine stones, penicillamine binds with cysteine to yield a mixed disulfide which is more soluble than cystine. Penicillamine has been used to treat mercury poisoning [1]. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) continue to receive considerable attention in electrochemistry. Recently, carbon nanotubes have been introduced as electrocatalysts and CNTs modified electrodes have been reported to give super-performance in the study of a number of biological species [2,3].","PeriodicalId":6354,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano)","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83343271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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