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Cylindrical bubble dynamics in triple-frequency acoustic field 三频声场中的圆柱气泡动力学
IF 2.5 3区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s42241-024-0068-9
Jia-xin Yu, Zhi-hao Liu, Jin-sen Hu, Xiao-yu Wang, Xiang-qing Zhang, Jun-wei Shen, Yu-ning Zhang

In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of the cylindrical bubbles under triple-frequency acoustic excitation are investigated theoretically. The analytical solution of the primary-superharmonic-subharmonic (PRI-SUPER-SUB) simultaneous resonance is obtained through the multi-scale method. Based on the analysis of the frequency response, the influencing mechanisms of the primary parameters (e.g., the total amplitude, amplitude ratio, liquid viscosity, polytropic exponent, and bubble equilibrium radius) on the resonance are investigated quantitatively. The main conclusions include: (1) The solution for the simultaneous resonance of the cylindrical bubble exhibits jumping and hysteresis phenomena in the vicinity of the resonance frequency. (2) As the total amplitude, amplitude ratio, and equilibrium radius increase, the response amplitude of the PRI-SUPER-SUB simultaneous resonance increases, while the influence of the viscosity is the opposite. (3) The regions dominated by the instability of the simultaneous resonance is significantly affected by the system parameters.

本文从理论上研究了三频声激励下圆柱形气泡的动态特性。通过多尺度方法得到了一次-超谐波-次谐波(PRI-SUPER-SUB)同步共振的解析解。在频率响应分析的基础上,定量研究了总振幅、振幅比、液体粘度、多向指数、气泡平衡半径等主要参数对共振的影响机理。主要结论包括:(1)圆柱泡同步共振解在共振频率附近出现跳变和滞后现象。(2)随着总幅值、幅值比和平衡半径的增大,PRI-SUPER-SUB同步共振的响应幅值增大,而粘度的影响则相反。(3)系统参数对同步共振失稳占主导地位的区域影响显著。
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引用次数: 0
Wave height forecast method with uncertainty quantification based on Gaussian process regression 基于高斯过程回归的不确定性量化波高预报方法
IF 2.5 3区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s42241-024-0070-2
Zi-lu Ouyang, Chao-fan Li, Ke Zhan, Chuan-qing Li, Ren-chuan Zhu, Zao-jian Zou

Wave height forecast (WHF) is of great significance to exploit the marine renewables and improve the safety of ship navigation at sea. With the development of machine learning technology, WHF can be realized in an easy-to-operate and reliable way, which improves its engineering practicability. This paper utilizes a data-driven method, Gaussian process regression (GPR), to model and predict the wave height on the basis of the input and output data. With the help of Bayes inference, the prediction results contain the uncertainty quantification naturally. The comparative studies are carried out to evaluate the performance of GPR based on the simulation data generated by high-order spectral method and the experimental data collected in the deep-water towing tank at the Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute. The results demonstrate that GPR is able to model and predict the wave height with acceptable accuracy, making it a potential choice for engineering application.

浪高预报对开发利用海洋可再生能源,提高海上船舶航行安全具有重要意义。随着机器学习技术的发展,WHF可以以易于操作和可靠的方式实现,提高了其工程实用性。本文利用数据驱动的方法高斯过程回归(GPR),在输入和输出数据的基础上对波高进行建模和预测。在贝叶斯推理的帮助下,预测结果自然包含了不确定性量化。基于高阶谱法模拟数据和上海船舶研究所深水拖曳舱实验数据,对探地雷达的性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,探地雷达能够以可接受的精度模拟和预测波高,是工程应用的潜在选择。
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引用次数: 0
Fluctuation characteristics and topological interface states in the quasi-periodic structures of shallow-water waves 浅水波准周期结构中的涨落特征和拓扑界面态
IF 2.5 3区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s42241-024-0069-8
Xue Guan, Bo-ya Xiao, Yu Liu, Meng Chen

Compared with periodic structures, quasi-periodic structures have superior band gap properties and topological interface states. In this paper, a one-dimensional quasi-periodic Fibonacci water wave metamaterial model that can be used to apply quasi-periodic structures to shallow-water wave systems is presented. The fluctuation characteristics of periodic and quasi-periodic structures are examined using finite element numerical calculations based on the shallow-water wave equation. The research results show that the band characteristics of quasi-periodic structures are complex, enabling flexible control of the propagation of shallow-water waves. Furthermore, the mirror-symmetrical design of Fibonacci quasi-periodic water wave metamaterials was created to engineer the topological interface states in shallow-water wave systems, ultimately achieving successful localization of wave energy. This research will greatly enrich our understanding of topology, expand the potential applications of quasi-periodic structures, and provide new insights for manipulating water waves and harvesting energy.

与周期结构相比,准周期结构具有更好的带隙性质和拓扑界面状态。本文提出了一种一维准周期斐波那契水波超材料模型,该模型可用于浅水波系统的准周期结构。基于浅水波动方程,采用有限元数值计算方法研究了周期和准周期结构的波动特性。研究结果表明,准周期结构的频带特性复杂,可以灵活控制浅水波的传播。此外,创建了斐波那契准周期水波超材料的镜像对称设计,以设计浅水波系统的拓扑界面状态,最终实现了波能的成功局域化。这项研究将极大地丰富我们对拓扑学的理解,扩展准周期结构的潜在应用,并为操纵水波和收集能量提供新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of backward-facing step heights in vegetation-step model on reducing the velocity of a tsunami inundation and increasing the energy dissipation efficiency 植被台阶模型中台阶后向高度对降低海啸淹没速度和提高能量耗散效率的影响
IF 2.5 3区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42241-024-0064-0
Wen-xin Huai, Xiao-hua Zhang, Dan Li, Zhong-hua Yang, Yi-dan Ai

A coastal forest combined with a backward-facing step is an efficient facility to reduce tsunami damage to residential areas behind sea embankments. This study establishes a generalized model, and experimentally explores the water level changes upstream of the vegetation-step mitigation model as well as its energy dissipation effect under different initial Froude numbers, step heights, and vegetation conditions. The results show that the relative backwater rise increases with the growth of vegetation density, patch length and initial Froude number, representing a slowing down of the tsunami inundation. As for energy dissipation, it is mainly caused by the additional resistance of the vegetation and the hydraulic jump. And the vegetation condition not only affects the energy dissipation due to stem-scale turbulence within the patch, but also changes the hydraulic jump process of water falling from the step in cooperation with the step height. As a result, the energy dissipation efficiency always increases with the growth of vegetation density, vegetation patch length and step height. With the criterion that the energy dissipation efficiency and its growth rate can hardly change with vegetation parameters, this study innovatively defines the threshold slope and gives the principle of judging the most cost-effective vegetation conditions at different step heights. These results are expected to provide an important reference for the design of composite tsunami mitigation facilities.

沿海森林与后向台阶相结合,是减少海啸对海堤后面居民区破坏的有效设施。本研究建立了广义模型,实验探讨了不同初始弗劳德数、台阶高度和植被条件下,植被-台阶缓解模型上游水位变化及其能量耗散效果。结果表明:随着植被密度、斑块长度和初始弗劳德数的增加,相对回水上升幅度增大,表明海啸淹没速度减缓;在消能方面,主要由植被附加阻力和水跃引起。植被条件不仅影响斑块内茎尺度湍流引起的能量耗散,而且还与台阶高度协同改变台阶落水的水力跳跃过程。结果表明,能量耗散效率随植被密度、植被斑块长度和台阶高度的增加而增加。本文创新性地定义了阈值坡度,根据植被参数对耗散效率及其生长速率的影响不大,给出了不同台阶高度下最经济的植被条件的判断原则。研究结果可为复合海啸减灾设施的设计提供重要参考。
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引用次数: 0
Double-averaged velocity profile and its representative line for turbulent flows over two-dimensional fixed dunes 二维固定沙丘湍流双平均速度剖面及其代表线
IF 2.5 3区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42241-024-0066-y
Pu-er Xu, Nian-Sheng Cheng, Dong-xin Guo

A laboratory study was conducted using particle image velocimetry (PIV) to measure flow velocity distributions over two-dimensional smooth and rough fixed dunes. It comprised 28 tests, each yielding 146 velocity profiles over one complete dune length. Two kinds of double-averaged velocity profiles were computed, one based on all the 146 lines of data (called global average), and the others from only some of them (called partial average). The results show that the global average velocity distribution is generally close to the partial average profile derived from evenly-distributed three or five lines along one dune length. Furthermore, the global average velocity profile can also be reasonably approximated using a single profile, measured at the representative line in this paper. The representative line is found to locate near the reattachment point. This result would be helpful to simplify measurements of general velocity distribution for a flow over dunes. The paper also applies the concept of representative line to the description of distributions of turbulence characteristics.

利用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对二维光滑和粗糙固定沙丘上的流速分布进行了测量。它包括28个测试,每个测试在一个完整的沙丘长度上产生146个速度曲线。计算了两种双平均速度曲线,一种基于全部146行数据(称为全球平均),另一种仅基于其中的一些数据(称为部分平均)。结果表明,全球平均流速分布总体上接近于沿同一沙丘长度均匀分布的3条或5条线的部分平均剖面。此外,全球平均速度剖面也可以合理地近似使用单一剖面,测量在本文的代表线。发现代表性线位于再附着点附近。这一结果将有助于简化沙丘流动的一般速度分布的测量。本文还将代表性线的概念应用于湍流特性分布的描述。
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引用次数: 0
A GPU-accelerated two-phase flow model for fluid-solid interaction using the sharp interface immersed boundary method 基于锐界面浸入边界法的gpu加速流固两相流模型
IF 2.5 3区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42241-024-0065-z
Li-ping Ma, Ji-jian Lian, Dong-ming Liu

A two-phase flow model accelerated by graphical processing unit (GPU) is developed to solve fluid-solid interaction (FSI) using the sharp-interface immersed boundary method (IBM). This model solves the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using the projection-based fractional step method in a fixed staggered Cartesian grid system. A volume of fluid (VOF) method with second-order accuracy is employed to trace the free surface. To represent the intricate surface geometry, the structure is discretized using the unstructured triangle mesh. Additionally, a ray tracing method is employed to classify fluid and solid points. A high-order stable scheme has been introduced to reconstruct the local velocity at interface points. Three FSI problems, including wave evolution around a breakwater, interaction between a periodic wave train and a moving float, and a 3-D moving object interacting with the free surface, were investigated to validate the accuracy and stability of the proposed model. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Additionally, we evaluated the computational performance of the proposed GPU-based model. The GPU-based model achieved a 42.29 times speedup compared with the single-core CPU-based model in the three-dimension test. Additionally, the results regarding the time cost of each code section indicate that achieving more significant acceleration is associated with solving the turbulence, advection, and diffusion terms, while solving the pressure Poisson equation (PPE) saves the most time. Furthermore, the impact of grid number on computational efficiency indicates that as the number of grids increases, the GPU-based model outperforms the multi-core CPU-based model.

采用锐利界面浸入边界法(IBM)建立了图形处理单元(GPU)加速的两相流模型,求解流固相互作用(FSI)。该模型采用基于投影的分步法求解固定交错笛卡尔网格系统中的不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程。采用二阶精度的流体体积法(VOF)对自由表面进行跟踪。为了表示复杂的表面几何形状,使用非结构化三角形网格对结构进行离散化。此外,采用光线追踪方法对流体点和固体点进行分类。引入了一种高阶稳定格式来重建界面处的局部速度。为了验证该模型的准确性和稳定性,研究了防波堤周围的波浪演化、周期波列与运动浮子的相互作用以及三维运动物体与自由表面的相互作用等三个FSI问题。数值计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。此外,我们评估了所提出的基于gpu的模型的计算性能。在三维测试中,基于gpu的模型比基于单核cpu的模型加速了42.29倍。此外,关于每个代码段的时间成本的结果表明,获得更显著的加速度与求解湍流、平流和扩散项有关,而求解压力泊松方程(PPE)节省了最多的时间。此外,网格数对计算效率的影响表明,随着网格数的增加,基于gpu的模型优于基于多核cpu的模型。
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引用次数: 0
Examination on behavior of tip leakage flow in a three-stage gas-liquid two-phase flow pump 三级气液两相流泵叶尖泄漏流动特性的研究
IF 2.5 3区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s42241-024-0063-1
Si-na Yan, Xing-qi Luo, Jian-jun Feng, Shuai-hui Sun, Guo-jun Zhu, Xin Wu

Tip leakage flow (TLF) trajectory in a pump with gas entrainment is investigated via visualization experiments and numerical simulations. Starting position of tip leakage vortex (TLV) is determined accurately by numerical simulation. Under high liquid flow rate (Ql) and high inlet gas volume fraction (IGVF) conditions, TLF flows from suction surface to pressure surface near the leading edge of blade, and the direction of TLF gradually changes along the chord which flows from pressure surface to suction surface near the tailing edge. The angle between TLF and blade mean camberline increases progressively as either Ql or IGVF decreases, and starting position of TLV moves towards leading edge direction. As Ql or IGVF decreases, value of vorticity increases and high vorticity region moves towards leading edge. The entropy production rate at blade tip clearance is high, and entropy diffuses from pressure surface to suction surface due to jet flow in blade tip clearance. The greater the amount of accumulated gas there is, the greater the amount of entropy in the area. In addition, when gas is entrained in pump, there are many low frequency fluctuations generated in blade tip clearance.

采用可视化实验和数值模拟相结合的方法研究了含气泵的叶尖泄漏流动轨迹。通过数值模拟准确地确定了叶尖泄漏涡的起始位置。在高液体流量(Ql)和高进口气体体积分数(IGVF)条件下,TLF从吸力面流向叶片前缘附近的压力面,沿从压力面流向尾缘附近吸力面的弦线方向逐渐改变。随着Ql和IGVF的减小,TLF与叶片平均凸轮线夹角逐渐增大,TLV起始位置向前缘方向移动。随着Ql或IGVF的减小,涡度值增大,高涡度区向前缘移动。叶尖间隙处的熵产率较高,由于叶尖间隙内的射流,熵从压力面向吸力面扩散。积聚的气体越多,该区域的熵就越大。此外,当气体在泵内夹带时,叶尖间隙会产生许多低频波动。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and numerical study of the rheological characteristics and flow law of water-based drilling fluids in high-temperature and high-pressure wellbores 高温高压井筒中水基钻井液流变特性及流动规律的实验与数值研究
IF 2.5 3区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s42241-024-0062-2
Le-le Yang, Bin Li, Xiao-dong Chen, Liang Yu, Feng-mei Jing, Dong Zhang

The local distributions of both the temperature and pressure have a great influence on the rheological characteristics of the drilling fluid, thereby affecting its flow law in a wellbore. Along these lines, in this work, the rheology of water-based drilling fluid samples under high-temperature (30°C–210°C) and high-pressure (34.5 MPa–172.4 MPa) (HTHP) conditions was systematically analyzed. The constitutive model of the variation of the apparent viscosity of the drilling fluid with the temperature and pressure was successfully established. The analysis revealed that, among the Bingham model, the Power law model, the Herschel-Bulkley (H-B) model, and the Casson model, the H-B model can accurately describe the rheology of the drilling fluid under HTHP conditions. Therefore, the H-B model was used to perform numerical simulations of the flow law of the water-based drilling fluid in the wellbore. The simulation results demonstrated that the drilling fluid viscosity decreased as the depth of the wellbore increased, and was mainly influenced by the temperature. The maximum viscosity inside the drill pipe was mainly concentrated in the middle region, and that of the fluid when flowing in the annulus was mainly concentrated on the side near the outer wall of the annulus. This work provides valuable insights for setting the key parameters of the drilling fluid and wellbore cleaning in the drilling operation of a 1×104 m deep well.

温度和压力的局部分布对钻井液的流变特性有很大的影响,从而影响其在井筒中的流动规律。在此基础上,系统分析了水基钻井液样品在高温(30°C - 210°C)和高压(34.5 MPa - 172.4 MPa)条件下的流变性。成功建立了钻井液表观粘度随温度、压力变化的本构模型。分析表明,在Bingham模型、幂律模型、Herschel-Bulkley (H-B)模型和Casson模型中,H-B模型能较准确地描述高温高压条件下钻井液的流变性。因此,采用H-B模型对水基钻井液在井筒中的流动规律进行了数值模拟。仿真结果表明,钻井液粘度随井深的增加而减小,主要受温度的影响。钻杆内部的最大粘度主要集中在中部区域,流体在环空中流动时的最大粘度主要集中在环空外壁附近的一侧。这项工作为1×104 m深井钻井作业中钻井液关键参数的设置和井筒清洗提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of cloud cavitating flow in a venturi using adaptive mesh refinement 文丘里腔内云空化流的自适应网格细化研究
IF 2.5 3区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s42241-024-0061-3
Dhruv Apte, Mingming Ge, Olivier Coutier-Delgosha

Unsteady cloud cavitating flow is detrimental to the efficiency of hydraulic machinery like pumps and propellers due to the resulting side-effects of vibration, noise and erosion damage. Modelling such a unsteady and highly turbulent flow remains a challenging issue. In this paper, cloud cavitating flow in a venturi is calculated using the detached eddy simulation (DES) model combined with the Merkle model. The adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method is employed to speed up the calculation and investigate the mechanisms for vortex development in the venturi. The results indicate the velocity gradients and the generalized fluid element strongly influence the formation of vortices throughout a cavitation cycle. In addition, the cavitation-turbulence coupling is investigated on the local scale by comparing with high-fidelity experimental data and using profile stations. While the AMR calculation is able to predict well the time-averaged velocities and turbulence-related aspects near the throat, it displays discrepancies further downstream owing to a coarser grid refinement downstream and under-performs compared to a traditional grid simulation. Additionally, the AMR calculation is unable to reproduce the cavity width as observed in the experiments. Therefore, while AMR promises to speed the process significantly by refining the grid only in regions of interest, it is comparatively in line with a traditional calculation for cavitating flows. Thus this study intends to provide a reference to employing the AMR as a tool to speed up calculations and be able to simulate turbulence-cavitation interactions accurately.

非定常云空化流会产生振动、噪声和侵蚀损伤等副作用,严重影响泵、螺旋桨等液压机械的工作效率。模拟这样一个不稳定和高度湍流的流动仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。本文采用分离涡模拟(DES)模型结合Merkle模型对文丘里腔内的云空化流动进行了计算。采用自适应网格细化(AMR)方法加快了计算速度,研究了文丘里腔内涡的发展机理。结果表明,速度梯度和广义流体元对空化循环中涡的形成有很大影响。此外,通过与高保真度实验数据的对比,利用剖面站在局域尺度上对空化-湍流耦合进行了研究。虽然AMR计算能够很好地预测喉部附近的时间平均速度和湍流相关方面,但由于下游网格细化较粗,它在下游显示出差异,并且与传统网格模拟相比表现不佳。此外,AMR计算无法再现实验中观察到的空腔宽度。因此,虽然AMR承诺通过仅在感兴趣的区域细化网格来显著加快这一过程,但它与传统的空化流计算相对一致。因此,本研究旨在为利用AMR作为加速计算和准确模拟湍流-空化相互作用的工具提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrodynamic instability of vegetated shear flows 植被剪切流的水动力不稳定性
IF 2.5 3区 工程技术 Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s42241-024-0060-4
Rajesh K. Mahato

We examine the genesis of coherent vortices in submerged vegetated flows by means of a linear stability analysis. The mathematical framework is comprised of the conservation equations of fluid mass and momentum. The problem is tackled by imposing normal mode perturbations over an underlying undisturbed flow. We find that the growth rate of perturbations takes maximum magnitude for a specific wavenumber, termed as the critical wavenumber. The critical wavenumber indicates the most favorable wavenumber of coherent vortices emerging in submerged vegetated flows. The critical wavenumber amplifies as the flow Reynolds number, and vegetation height and density augment. The migration velocity of incipient coherent vortices characterizes minimum magnitude for a selected value of the vegetation height. The unstable zone in the stability diagram embarks beyond a critical Reynolds number. The critical Reynolds number designates the onset of coherent vortex appearance in submerged vegetated flows. The predictions of the present study are congruent with the existing theoretical and experimental works.

我们用线性稳定性分析的方法研究了淹没植被流中相干涡的成因。数学框架由流体质量和动量守恒方程组成。这个问题是通过在底层未受干扰的流上施加正常模态扰动来解决的。我们发现,扰动的增长率对于特定的波数(称为临界波数)具有最大的幅度。临界波数表示淹没植被流中相干涡出现的最有利波数。临界波数随流雷诺数增大而增大,植被高度和密度增大。初始相干涡的迁移速度以植被高度的最小值为特征。稳定性图中的不稳定区超出了临界雷诺数。临界雷诺数表示淹没植被流中相干涡出现的起始点。本研究的预测与已有的理论和实验工作是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Hydrodynamics
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