Pub Date : 2009-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230171
Chun-hui Zhang, Yiyong Liang, Long-jiang Chen
This paper shows and discusses a new type method which is two-wavelength method for measuring the thickness of photoresist on spherical surface. By two-wavelength method measuring, examine the change of intensity which reflected lights compare with incident lights, achieve the purpose of measuring the thickness of photoresist on spherical surface. The method for measuring the thickness of photoresist on plane surface has been approved, and the method of measuring the thickness on spherical surface is discussed. Key word: Photoresist; Lithography; Spherical-surface;
{"title":"Method for Measuring the Thickness of Photoresist on Spherical Surface","authors":"Chun-hui Zhang, Yiyong Liang, Long-jiang Chen","doi":"10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230171","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows and discusses a new type method which is two-wavelength method for measuring the thickness of photoresist on spherical surface. By two-wavelength method measuring, examine the change of intensity which reflected lights compare with incident lights, achieve the purpose of measuring the thickness of photoresist on spherical surface. The method for measuring the thickness of photoresist on plane surface has been approved, and the method of measuring the thickness on spherical surface is discussed. Key word: Photoresist; Lithography; Spherical-surface;","PeriodicalId":6416,"journal":{"name":"2009 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88063796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230070
W. Liu, L. Shan, Y. Chang, T. Doan, C. Tran, C. Chu, C. Cheng, J. Chu, F. Fan, H. Cheng
Vertical GaN based Light Emitting Diodes (VLED) on metal alloy base were realized [1] and characterized for solid state lighting application. An operating voltage of less than 2.9 Voltage from a high efficiency and high power blue LED was achieved. And, an efficiency of more than 120 lumens/watt from a white LED was achieved also. The dissipate heat more effectively than conventional and flip-chip LEDs, thanks to the higher thermal conductivity of a copper alloy base. This increases their maximum operating current and output power and makes them more suitable for solid-state lighting applications. In addition, these VLED exhibit many advantages over those on sapphire under extreme operation conditions for general lighting application. KeywordsLEDs, Solid State Lighting, VLED
{"title":"Low Operating Voltage and High Efficiency Vertical GaN Based LEDs","authors":"W. Liu, L. Shan, Y. Chang, T. Doan, C. Tran, C. Chu, C. Cheng, J. Chu, F. Fan, H. Cheng","doi":"10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230070","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical GaN based Light Emitting Diodes (VLED) on metal alloy base were realized [1] and characterized for solid state lighting application. An operating voltage of less than 2.9 Voltage from a high efficiency and high power blue LED was achieved. And, an efficiency of more than 120 lumens/watt from a white LED was achieved also. The dissipate heat more effectively than conventional and flip-chip LEDs, thanks to the higher thermal conductivity of a copper alloy base. This increases their maximum operating current and output power and makes them more suitable for solid-state lighting applications. In addition, these VLED exhibit many advantages over those on sapphire under extreme operation conditions for general lighting application. KeywordsLEDs, Solid State Lighting, VLED","PeriodicalId":6416,"journal":{"name":"2009 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90941693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230167
Chang Shu, H. Qiao
Magnetic nano-particles of cobalt ferrite were prepared using co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and Raman analysis have confirmed that the formation of cobalt ferrite nano-particles with different particle size depending on the rate of reaction and nucleation. X-ray photoelectron spectrometer analysis indicates that the reaction rate have little influence on the cation distribution in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the spinel lattice. The results of the magnetic hysteresis loops show that the saturation magnetization and the coercivity of cobalt ferrite nano-particles could be tuned by Co-precipitation Method.
{"title":"Tuning Magnetic Properties of Magnetic Recording Media Cobalt Ferrite Nano-Particles by Co-Precipitation Method","authors":"Chang Shu, H. Qiao","doi":"10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230167","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic nano-particles of cobalt ferrite were prepared using co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and Raman analysis have confirmed that the formation of cobalt ferrite nano-particles with different particle size depending on the rate of reaction and nucleation. X-ray photoelectron spectrometer analysis indicates that the reaction rate have little influence on the cation distribution in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the spinel lattice. The results of the magnetic hysteresis loops show that the saturation magnetization and the coercivity of cobalt ferrite nano-particles could be tuned by Co-precipitation Method.","PeriodicalId":6416,"journal":{"name":"2009 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91110441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230272
Lingling Zhao, Kuihe Yang
A vowel is a sound where air coming from the lungs is not blocked by the mouth or throat. The articulatory features that distinguish different vowel sounds are said to determine the vowel's quality. It is very important to recognize different vowel classes. A vowel recognition model based on improved least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is presented. In the model, when the LSSVM is used in vowel recognition, it is presented to choose parameter of kernel function on dynamic, which enhances preciseness rate of diagnosis. The Fibonacci symmetry searching algorithm is simplified and improved. The changing rule of kernel function searching region and best shortening step is studied. The best pattern recognition results are obtained by means of synthesizing kernel function searching region and best shortening step. The simulation results show the validity of the vowel recognition model.
{"title":"Application of Vowel Recognition Model Based on Improved SVM Algorithm","authors":"Lingling Zhao, Kuihe Yang","doi":"10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230272","url":null,"abstract":"A vowel is a sound where air coming from the lungs is not blocked by the mouth or throat. The articulatory features that distinguish different vowel sounds are said to determine the vowel's quality. It is very important to recognize different vowel classes. A vowel recognition model based on improved least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is presented. In the model, when the LSSVM is used in vowel recognition, it is presented to choose parameter of kernel function on dynamic, which enhances preciseness rate of diagnosis. The Fibonacci symmetry searching algorithm is simplified and improved. The changing rule of kernel function searching region and best shortening step is studied. The best pattern recognition results are obtained by means of synthesizing kernel function searching region and best shortening step. The simulation results show the validity of the vowel recognition model.","PeriodicalId":6416,"journal":{"name":"2009 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83104194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230170
Huaying Wang, Aili Qin, Min Huang
The detection of focus plane is the key of numerical reconstruction of wavefront in digital micro-holography. In this paper, three autofocusing evaluation functions, variance, Fourier spectrum and standard deviation correlation, are analyzed and demonstrated based on experimental investigation. By using an US Air Force test target as the microscopic object, the three autofocusing evaluation functions are compared and analyzed based on Fresnel and angular spectrum algorithms, including unimodality, sharpness, veracity, distance range and computing time. The results show that there are better unimodality near the focused image plane for all the three autofocusing evaluation functions, and the same focused position is obtained by these algorithms. Fourier spectrum algorithm is the optimal one in digital holographic microscopy because of its most time-efficiency. Fresnel transform algorithm can be absolutely used to digital holographic autofocusing. Moreover, the focusing computation time can be decreased dramatically by choosing part of the reconstructed image as the focusing evaluation area. method, which is done in the reconstruction process only by computer procedure. The key of the digital holographic autofocusing is focusing evaluation function. Recent year, many focusing evaluation functions have been proposed (8-11), but most of them are applied to the on-axis digital holography. The studies of the evaluation functions that can be used to off- axis Fresnel digital holography with pre-magnification based on the Fresnel transform algorithm have not been reported up to now. In this paper the performance of the three functions are testified and compared experimentally firstly. Then the focusing evaluation method based on the part of the entire image plane is studied.
{"title":"Autofocus Method for Digital Holographic Reconstruction of Microscopic Object","authors":"Huaying Wang, Aili Qin, Min Huang","doi":"10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230170","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of focus plane is the key of numerical reconstruction of wavefront in digital micro-holography. In this paper, three autofocusing evaluation functions, variance, Fourier spectrum and standard deviation correlation, are analyzed and demonstrated based on experimental investigation. By using an US Air Force test target as the microscopic object, the three autofocusing evaluation functions are compared and analyzed based on Fresnel and angular spectrum algorithms, including unimodality, sharpness, veracity, distance range and computing time. The results show that there are better unimodality near the focused image plane for all the three autofocusing evaluation functions, and the same focused position is obtained by these algorithms. Fourier spectrum algorithm is the optimal one in digital holographic microscopy because of its most time-efficiency. Fresnel transform algorithm can be absolutely used to digital holographic autofocusing. Moreover, the focusing computation time can be decreased dramatically by choosing part of the reconstructed image as the focusing evaluation area. method, which is done in the reconstruction process only by computer procedure. The key of the digital holographic autofocusing is focusing evaluation function. Recent year, many focusing evaluation functions have been proposed (8-11), but most of them are applied to the on-axis digital holography. The studies of the evaluation functions that can be used to off- axis Fresnel digital holography with pre-magnification based on the Fresnel transform algorithm have not been reported up to now. In this paper the performance of the three functions are testified and compared experimentally firstly. Then the focusing evaluation method based on the part of the entire image plane is studied.","PeriodicalId":6416,"journal":{"name":"2009 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84234475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230275
Kuihe Yang, Lingling Zhao
A short-term load forecasting model is adopted with a combined method. The model not only summarizes virtues and defects of neural networks and fuzzy system, but also considers that power system load has characteristics of basic load heft and variability load heft. It uses learned capability of neural networks to complete forecasting work of basic heft for power load. Other effect factors that cause variety of load are unconsidered in neural networks. For variability load heft that is affected by many factors, such as weather, data types and holidays, membership functions and fuzzy rules base are constructed in fuzzy logic system, which is used to correct basic load heft. The method simplifies system structure and enhances forecasting precision.
{"title":"Application of Mamdani Fuzzy System Amendment on Load Forecasting Model","authors":"Kuihe Yang, Lingling Zhao","doi":"10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230275","url":null,"abstract":"A short-term load forecasting model is adopted with a combined method. The model not only summarizes virtues and defects of neural networks and fuzzy system, but also considers that power system load has characteristics of basic load heft and variability load heft. It uses learned capability of neural networks to complete forecasting work of basic heft for power load. Other effect factors that cause variety of load are unconsidered in neural networks. For variability load heft that is affected by many factors, such as weather, data types and holidays, membership functions and fuzzy rules base are constructed in fuzzy logic system, which is used to correct basic load heft. The method simplifies system structure and enhances forecasting precision.","PeriodicalId":6416,"journal":{"name":"2009 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84501130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230135
Qing-ding Wu, S. Xiang
The volatiles materials is the first killer to damage the lives of indoor air pollutions. Based on the single-factor method, volatiles of temperature-pressure forming materials by cotton stalk was studied by Py-GC/MS to control indoor air pollutions. Therefore, Py-GC/MS was used to analyze the components from pyrolysis products of temperature-pressure forming materials by cotton stalk,. After treated with freeze-drying, the comminuted power of temperature-pressure forming materials by cotton stalk was pyrolyzed in He atmosphere at 450�� , then the pyrolysis product was analyzed by online linked GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. The main and abundant constituents were arbon dioxide, ethene, ethoxy-, 1,6-anhydro-.beta.-D-glucopyranose, phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-, cedrol, thylene oxide, butanal, ethanone, 1-phenyl-, oxime, and so on. More than 30 compounds were identified in the pyrolysis products of Cotton stalk by the Py-GC/MS analysis. Most of the pyrolysis products could be used as biomedicine. But some of the volatiles of temperature-pressure forming materials by cotton stalk was toxic. And this meant that cotton stalk need be pretreatment.
挥发性物质是室内空气污染损害生命的第一杀手。基于单因素法，采用Py-GC/MS对棉秆温压成型材料的挥发性物质进行了研究，以控制室内空气污染。因此，采用Py-GC/MS对棉秆温压成型材料热解产物的组分进行了分析。将经冷冻干燥处理的棉秆温压成型物料粉碎后，在450℃的He气氛中进行热解，热解产物通过在线链接GC/MS进行分析。采用面积归一化法测定各组分的相对含量。主要和丰富的成分是二氧化碳，乙烯，乙氧基-，1,6-无水-。- d -葡萄糖、苯酚、2-甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯基)-、雪松醇、氧化乙烯、丁醛、乙酮、1-苯基-、肟等。通过Py-GC/MS分析，从棉花秸秆热解产物中鉴定出30多种化合物。大部分热解产物可作为生物医药。但棉秆温压成型材料的挥发物中有部分是有毒的。这就意味着棉秆需要进行预处理。
{"title":"Analysis on Volatiles of Temperature-Pressure Forming Materials by Cotton Stalk","authors":"Qing-ding Wu, S. Xiang","doi":"10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230135","url":null,"abstract":"The volatiles materials is the first killer to damage the lives of indoor air pollutions. Based on the single-factor method, volatiles of temperature-pressure forming materials by cotton stalk was studied by Py-GC/MS to control indoor air pollutions. Therefore, Py-GC/MS was used to analyze the components from pyrolysis products of temperature-pressure forming materials by cotton stalk,. After treated with freeze-drying, the comminuted power of temperature-pressure forming materials by cotton stalk was pyrolyzed in He atmosphere at 450�� , then the pyrolysis product was analyzed by online linked GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. The main and abundant constituents were arbon dioxide, ethene, ethoxy-, 1,6-anhydro-.beta.-D-glucopyranose, phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-, cedrol, thylene oxide, butanal, ethanone, 1-phenyl-, oxime, and so on. More than 30 compounds were identified in the pyrolysis products of Cotton stalk by the Py-GC/MS analysis. Most of the pyrolysis products could be used as biomedicine. But some of the volatiles of temperature-pressure forming materials by cotton stalk was toxic. And this meant that cotton stalk need be pretreatment.","PeriodicalId":6416,"journal":{"name":"2009 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82104318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230273
You-nian Wang, Yong-Sheng Jin, G. Shi, C. Bu, Lei Zhao, Juan Du, Yu-Bo Liu, Li-lin Zhao
The extract of the K. scoparia had the acardial activity against the T. viennensis. Here the female adult mites were treated by the KFCE-2 extract of K. scoparia, the effective ingredient of the extract of K. scoparia. The toxicosis symptoms of T. viennensis in response to the the KFCE-2 extract of K. scoparia were observed. After treatment, the mites went through four phases: the motionless phase (0-4h), the excited phase (4-8h), the convulsion phase (8-16h) and the death phase (16-24h). The treated mites showed the typical toxicosis symptoms, for example overexcitation, body inclination, kinetic ataxy and limb twitching. Then the protein content, the protease activity, the glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) activity, the acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity and the monoamine oxidase activity of the mites treated with the KFCE-2 extract of Kochia Scoparia were assayed. The results showed that the protein content and the activity of protease in T. viennensis treated with the extracts of K. Scoparia were increased and the activity of protease had the negative relationship with the protein content. The activity of GSTs was induced by the KFCE-2 extract of K. Scoparia. The activities of the AchE and the monoamine oxidase of the treated mites were inhibited. The inhibiting effects of AchE and monoamine oxidase indicated that the nervus centralis system was the main target of the extract of K. scoparia. The long time inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase activity by the KFCE-2 extract of K. scoparia blocked the nerve conduction of the treated mites and caused the treated mites to die. Keywords-Kochia Scoparia; Tetranychus viennensis; activity of enzyme
{"title":"Effects of Kochia scoparia Extracts to Activities of Several Enzymes of Tetranychus viennensis","authors":"You-nian Wang, Yong-Sheng Jin, G. Shi, C. Bu, Lei Zhao, Juan Du, Yu-Bo Liu, Li-lin Zhao","doi":"10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230273","url":null,"abstract":"The extract of the K. scoparia had the acardial activity against the T. viennensis. Here the female adult mites were treated by the KFCE-2 extract of K. scoparia, the effective ingredient of the extract of K. scoparia. The toxicosis symptoms of T. viennensis in response to the the KFCE-2 extract of K. scoparia were observed. After treatment, the mites went through four phases: the motionless phase (0-4h), the excited phase (4-8h), the convulsion phase (8-16h) and the death phase (16-24h). The treated mites showed the typical toxicosis symptoms, for example overexcitation, body inclination, kinetic ataxy and limb twitching. Then the protein content, the protease activity, the glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) activity, the acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity and the monoamine oxidase activity of the mites treated with the KFCE-2 extract of Kochia Scoparia were assayed. The results showed that the protein content and the activity of protease in T. viennensis treated with the extracts of K. Scoparia were increased and the activity of protease had the negative relationship with the protein content. The activity of GSTs was induced by the KFCE-2 extract of K. Scoparia. The activities of the AchE and the monoamine oxidase of the treated mites were inhibited. The inhibiting effects of AchE and monoamine oxidase indicated that the nervus centralis system was the main target of the extract of K. scoparia. The long time inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase activity by the KFCE-2 extract of K. scoparia blocked the nerve conduction of the treated mites and caused the treated mites to die. Keywords-Kochia Scoparia; Tetranychus viennensis; activity of enzyme","PeriodicalId":6416,"journal":{"name":"2009 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82333388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230127
Z. Zhan, Xian-zeng Zhang, Lili Yu, S. Xie, Qiming Peng, Shi Lin
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different power irradiation conditions on human dentin by pulse Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Tissue samples were derived from freshly extracted human molars. The wavelength of pulse Er,Cr:YSGG laser was 2.78 m μ , pulse repetition rate was 20Hz and pulse duration was 140 s μ . Laser power of irradiation varied from 1.5 to 4 W. Laser energy was delivered through a fiber optic system to a handpiece containing a tip with a diameter of 600 m μ . After irradiation, the morphologic characteristics of ablation craters were measured by use of both stereomicroscope and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Then the specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that Er,Cr:YSGG laser was capable of ablating human dentin. The diameter of ablation craters increased with the output power; the crater depth and ablation volume showed a linear growth with the output power.
本研究旨在探讨脉冲Er,Cr:YSGG激光不同功率照射条件对人牙本质的影响。组织样本取自新鲜提取的人磨牙。脉冲Er,Cr:YSGG激光波长为2.78 m μ，脉冲重复频率为20Hz，脉冲持续时间为140 s μ。激光辐照功率为1.5 ~ 4w。激光能量通过光纤系统传输到一个直径为600 m μ的机头。辐照后，利用体视显微镜和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)测量烧蚀坑的形态特征。然后制备样品进行扫描电镜(SEM)观察。结果表明，Er,Cr:YSGG激光具有良好的牙本质消融效果。烧蚀坑直径随输出功率的增大而增大;烧蚀坑深度和烧蚀体积随输出功率呈线性增长。
{"title":"Effect of Different Power Parameters of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser on Dentin Ablation Ability and Substrate Morphology","authors":"Z. Zhan, Xian-zeng Zhang, Lili Yu, S. Xie, Qiming Peng, Shi Lin","doi":"10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230127","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different power irradiation conditions on human dentin by pulse Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Tissue samples were derived from freshly extracted human molars. The wavelength of pulse Er,Cr:YSGG laser was 2.78 m μ , pulse repetition rate was 20Hz and pulse duration was 140 s μ . Laser power of irradiation varied from 1.5 to 4 W. Laser energy was delivered through a fiber optic system to a handpiece containing a tip with a diameter of 600 m μ . After irradiation, the morphologic characteristics of ablation craters were measured by use of both stereomicroscope and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Then the specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that Er,Cr:YSGG laser was capable of ablating human dentin. The diameter of ablation craters increased with the output power; the crater depth and ablation volume showed a linear growth with the output power.","PeriodicalId":6416,"journal":{"name":"2009 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81328613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-01DOI: 10.1109/SOPO.2009.5230095
Feng Li, Zhongquan Ma, Ling Shen, Bo He
ZnO films were prepared by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. The absorption coefficients as a function of incident photon energy were obtained by means of spectroscopic ellipsometer (SE), as well as by using transmission and reflection measurement (T&R). The optical absorption band gap decided by SE is 3.32 eV, while that decided by T&R is 3.26 eV. The difference is ascribed to the fact that SE probes only the surface of films whereas the T&R measurement probes the bulk of the films. The same fact can also be used to explain that, at optical band edge region, the absorption coefficient decided by SE is lower than that decided by T&R. When the incident photon energy is larger than the optical band gap, exitonic transitions in the bulk of the films are used to discuss the change of the absorption coefficient vs. incident photon energy.
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