Pub Date : 2000-05-28DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857089
Weiping Li, Fan Ling, Xuemin Chen
This paper describes the bitplane coding technique to achieve fine granularity scalability (FGS) in MPEG-4. It reports its coding efficiency results and discusses a few improvement methods.
{"title":"Fine granularity scalability in MPEG-4 for streaming video","authors":"Weiping Li, Fan Ling, Xuemin Chen","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857089","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the bitplane coding technique to achieve fine granularity scalability (FGS) in MPEG-4. It reports its coding efficiency results and discusses a few improvement methods.","PeriodicalId":6422,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings (IEEE Cat No.00CH36353)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74456224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-28DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857385
M. Ohta
In this paper a novel algorithm for the multi-layer channel routing problem in VLSI design using a chaotic neural network (chaotic NN) is proposed. For this problem, Funabiki and Takefuji (1992) proposed a parallel algorithm using the maximum neural network. However it is often caught in a local minimum because the maximum neural network is based on the Hopfield neural network. On the other hand, the chaotic NN has the characteristic of escaping from a local minimum. A novel algorithm using the chaotic NN is proposed. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm, numerical experiments are carried out, and it is confirmed experimentally that the proposal is more effective than the Funabiki and Takefuji algorithm.
{"title":"An algorithm for multi-layer channel routing problem using chaotic neural networks","authors":"M. Ohta","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857385","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a novel algorithm for the multi-layer channel routing problem in VLSI design using a chaotic neural network (chaotic NN) is proposed. For this problem, Funabiki and Takefuji (1992) proposed a parallel algorithm using the maximum neural network. However it is often caught in a local minimum because the maximum neural network is based on the Hopfield neural network. On the other hand, the chaotic NN has the characteristic of escaping from a local minimum. A novel algorithm using the chaotic NN is proposed. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm, numerical experiments are carried out, and it is confirmed experimentally that the proposal is more effective than the Funabiki and Takefuji algorithm.","PeriodicalId":6422,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings (IEEE Cat No.00CH36353)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74680679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-28DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2000.856427
Øivind Næss, Y. Berg
This paper presents a fully differential dual-ended ultralow-voltage (ULV) FGUVMOS operational transconductance amplifier (FGUVMOS-OTA), and a Gm-C filter where the FGUVMOS-OTA is used. The OTA has no internal nodes, rail-to-rail operation and dynamic load. The cut-off frequency of the Gm-C filter is tunable over more than 5 decades. The circuits may be operated with supply voltages down to 200 mV.
{"title":"Tunable ultralow voltage transconductance amplifier and GmC filter","authors":"Øivind Næss, Y. Berg","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2000.856427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2000.856427","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fully differential dual-ended ultralow-voltage (ULV) FGUVMOS operational transconductance amplifier (FGUVMOS-OTA), and a Gm-C filter where the FGUVMOS-OTA is used. The OTA has no internal nodes, rail-to-rail operation and dynamic load. The cut-off frequency of the Gm-C filter is tunable over more than 5 decades. The circuits may be operated with supply voltages down to 200 mV.","PeriodicalId":6422,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings (IEEE Cat No.00CH36353)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74709082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-28DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2000.858788
Michael M. Green, S. R. Joshi
A CMOS variable-gain amplifier that works down to V/sub DD/=1.5 V is described. The gain characteristic is arranged to be a nearly exponential function of control voltage by a novel circuit topology that utilizes triode-biased transistors in pseudo-differential configurations. This circuit is designed using a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process and operates at a 3-dB frequency of 21 MHz with a maximum power consumption of 24.8 mW.
{"title":"A 1.5 V CMOS VGA based on pseudo-differential structures","authors":"Michael M. Green, S. R. Joshi","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2000.858788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2000.858788","url":null,"abstract":"A CMOS variable-gain amplifier that works down to V/sub DD/=1.5 V is described. The gain characteristic is arranged to be a nearly exponential function of control voltage by a novel circuit topology that utilizes triode-biased transistors in pseudo-differential configurations. This circuit is designed using a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process and operates at a 3-dB frequency of 21 MHz with a maximum power consumption of 24.8 mW.","PeriodicalId":6422,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings (IEEE Cat No.00CH36353)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72776904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-28DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857202
M. Grassl
Owing to the high sensitivity of quantum mechanical systems to even small perturbations, means of error protection are essential for any computation or communication process based on quantum mechanics. After a short introduction to quantum registers and operations as well as quantum channels, different approaches to the problem of protecting quantum information are presented.
{"title":"Methods of quantum error correction","authors":"M. Grassl","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857202","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to the high sensitivity of quantum mechanical systems to even small perturbations, means of error protection are essential for any computation or communication process based on quantum mechanics. After a short introduction to quantum registers and operations as well as quantum channels, different approaches to the problem of protecting quantum information are presented.","PeriodicalId":6422,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings (IEEE Cat No.00CH36353)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73206943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-28DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857379
V. Kukk
A new integration method for highly oscillating circuits is developed. At every integration step, nonlinear transformation is applied to the driving signal represented as the sum of constant and harmonic waveforms in the phase space. Components of the output waveform that consist of higher harmonics in the phase space are transformed back into time space using universal Chebyshev transformation that does not depend upon the nonlinearity of the component. To enable different values of waveform at the end of the time interval, half-frequency components are inserted into signals. The integration step can be equal to, part of, or a multiple of the oscillation period. The method may use a time step that is hundreds of times larger than in plain transient analysis, for example, in Spice simulation. The time step can be fixed or variable to determine the exact length of the oscillation period.
{"title":"Large time-step integration method for modeling of oscillating circuits","authors":"V. Kukk","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857379","url":null,"abstract":"A new integration method for highly oscillating circuits is developed. At every integration step, nonlinear transformation is applied to the driving signal represented as the sum of constant and harmonic waveforms in the phase space. Components of the output waveform that consist of higher harmonics in the phase space are transformed back into time space using universal Chebyshev transformation that does not depend upon the nonlinearity of the component. To enable different values of waveform at the end of the time interval, half-frequency components are inserted into signals. The integration step can be equal to, part of, or a multiple of the oscillation period. The method may use a time step that is hundreds of times larger than in plain transient analysis, for example, in Spice simulation. The time step can be fixed or variable to determine the exact length of the oscillation period.","PeriodicalId":6422,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings (IEEE Cat No.00CH36353)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73398330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-28DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2000.858799
W. Zheng
This paper addresses the problem of parameter estimation of linear systems with noisy input-output measurements. A new and simple estimation scheme for the variances of the white input and output measurement noises is presented which is based on expanding the denominator polynomial of the system transfer function only and makes no use of the average least-squares (LS) errors. The attractive feature of the iterative LS based parametric algorithm thus developed is its improved convergence property. The effectiveness of the developed identification algorithm is demonstrated through numerical illustrations.
{"title":"Improved parameter estimation of linear systems with noisy data","authors":"W. Zheng","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2000.858799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2000.858799","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of parameter estimation of linear systems with noisy input-output measurements. A new and simple estimation scheme for the variances of the white input and output measurement noises is presented which is based on expanding the denominator polynomial of the system transfer function only and makes no use of the average least-squares (LS) errors. The attractive feature of the iterative LS based parametric algorithm thus developed is its improved convergence property. The effectiveness of the developed identification algorithm is demonstrated through numerical illustrations.","PeriodicalId":6422,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings (IEEE Cat No.00CH36353)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75246208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-28DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857072
D. Leenaerts
A method is proposed to obtain explicit expressions for the large signal behavior in nonlinear dynamic circuits. The method is also an extension to the solution method for linear dynamic complementary problems.
{"title":"On explicit solutions of nonlinear dynamic systems","authors":"D. Leenaerts","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857072","url":null,"abstract":"A method is proposed to obtain explicit expressions for the large signal behavior in nonlinear dynamic circuits. The method is also an extension to the solution method for linear dynamic complementary problems.","PeriodicalId":6422,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings (IEEE Cat No.00CH36353)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75576969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-28DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857077
N. Hara, I. Oota, F. Ueno
Builds on a previously proposed ring type switched-capacitor (SC) transformer. This SC transformer consists of capacitors making a ring connected by switches. Because of the symmetrical structure, the ring type SC transformer has possibilities of various applications. In this paper, we describe some applications of it, especially an AC-DC converter and sawtooth-wave generators.
{"title":"Ring type switched-capacitor transformer and its applications","authors":"N. Hara, I. Oota, F. Ueno","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857077","url":null,"abstract":"Builds on a previously proposed ring type switched-capacitor (SC) transformer. This SC transformer consists of capacitors making a ring connected by switches. Because of the symmetrical structure, the ring type SC transformer has possibilities of various applications. In this paper, we describe some applications of it, especially an AC-DC converter and sawtooth-wave generators.","PeriodicalId":6422,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings (IEEE Cat No.00CH36353)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75716059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-28DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2000.856291
H. Stolberg, Mladen Berekovic, P. Pirsch, H. Runge, Henning Möller, J. Kneip
M-PIRE is a programmable MPEG-4 multimedia codec VLSI for mobile and stationary applications. It integrates a RISC core, two separate DSPs, a 64-bit dual-issue VLIW macroblock engine, and an autonomous I/O processor on a single chip to cope with the high flexibility and processing demands of the MPEG-4 standard. The first M-PIRE implementation will consume 90 mm/sup 2/ in 0.25 /spl mu/ CMOS technology. It will support real-time video and audio processing of MPEG-4 simple profile or ITU H.26x standards; future designs of M-PIRE will add support for higher MPEG-4 profiles. This paper focuses on the architecture, instruction set, and performance of M-PIRE's macroblock engine, which carries most of the workload in MPEG-4 video processing.
{"title":"The M-PIRE MPEG-4 codec DSP and its macroblock engine","authors":"H. Stolberg, Mladen Berekovic, P. Pirsch, H. Runge, Henning Möller, J. Kneip","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2000.856291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2000.856291","url":null,"abstract":"M-PIRE is a programmable MPEG-4 multimedia codec VLSI for mobile and stationary applications. It integrates a RISC core, two separate DSPs, a 64-bit dual-issue VLIW macroblock engine, and an autonomous I/O processor on a single chip to cope with the high flexibility and processing demands of the MPEG-4 standard. The first M-PIRE implementation will consume 90 mm/sup 2/ in 0.25 /spl mu/ CMOS technology. It will support real-time video and audio processing of MPEG-4 simple profile or ITU H.26x standards; future designs of M-PIRE will add support for higher MPEG-4 profiles. This paper focuses on the architecture, instruction set, and performance of M-PIRE's macroblock engine, which carries most of the workload in MPEG-4 video processing.","PeriodicalId":6422,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings (IEEE Cat No.00CH36353)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72738337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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