Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics最新文献

In this comprehensive research, the radiation shielding and physical properties of new P/Li zinc bismuth glass containing varying amounts of xLa₂O₃ and yGd₂O₃ contents were investigated. The density increased from 2.9623 to 3.1074 g/cm³ and the molar volume decreased upon the injection of a fixed amount of La₂O₃ and a growing quantity of Gd₂O₃. Optical absorption investigations were carried out in the UV–visible range. There was a blue shift within the optical absorption edge. The values of E_g were raised and Urbach energy (E_u) was decreased with increasing doping quantity. Non-linear refractive coefficient (n₂), metallization parameter (M), and the third-order non-linear optical susceptibility (χ³) were enhanced with doping. The predicted values of attenuation parameters were computed by the Phy-X program and compared with MCNP5 (Monte Carlo N-particle) simulations at energy domain 0.015–15 MeV. The simulated results were confirmed to be accurate, with the biggest relative divergence between MCNP5 simulation and Phy-x being 1.4%. In order to look into the possible applications of the suggested glass system as radiation protective materials, additional significant shielding parameters, such as (LAC), (Z_eff), (MFP), (HVL), and (RPE), were also computed based on MAC values. Superior shielding properties are provided by the glass sample with 0.5% La₂O₃ and 1.0% Gd₂O₃ in comparison to the widely used radiation shields. The results indicate that the glass system that was built has a bright future in gamma shielding applications since it may be modified to suit the intended purpose.

LiSICON materials have gained significant attention due to their exceptional ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures, positioning them as promising candidates for energy storage and other emerging applications. This study investigates Li₃Al₂(PO₄)₃, a compound with notable potential as a solid electrolyte. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline phase, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) provided insights into its morphology and composition, ensuring accurate stoichiometry. The electrical and dielectric properties were investigated using complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS), revealing a high sensitivity to frequency and temperature. Detailed impedance measurements across various conditions elucidated the material’s behavior, with Nyquist plots indicating contributions from both grains and grain boundaries, characteristic of non-Debye-type relaxation. Jonscher’s power law was applied to the AC conductivity data, demonstrating that the conduction mechanism aligns with the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model, driven by the hopping of Li⁺ ions. Notably, Li₃Al₂(PO₄)₃ exhibited a high permittivity value (ε ~ 10⁴), indicating excellent dielectric properties and significant energy storage capacity. These findings underscore the potential of Li₃Al₂(PO₄)₃ as a high-performance solid electrolyte for high-temperature applications, particularly in energy storage devices.

The single crystals of an organic 1H-benzotriazole salicylic acid (BHSA) were harvested adopting solution growth method (SEST) and the characterizations carried out in the subsequent sections emphasize that it is reported for the first time in the literature with regards to the title crystal. The structural parameters of the grown crystals were assessed using XRD technique. The presence of internal structural grain boundaries was analyzed using high-resolution XRD (HRXRD) along (1 0 -1) plane. The vibrational assignments in the material were assessed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The optical transmittance is found to be 67% with its cut-off and bandgap to be 339 nm and 3.55 eV, respectively. The stability as assessed by TGA-DTA is found to be 131 °C. The density of etch pits were 57.6 × 10³ cm⁻² for 4 s, 40 × 10³ cm⁻² for 6 s. Optical homogeneity has been analysed from birefringence interferometry. Brewster’s angle method was adopted to find the refractive index of the title material. Z-scan technique revealed the third-order nonlinear optical properties of the BHSA crystal.

A new two-dimensional lead-free halide perovskite with the structural formula (C₄H₁₄N₂)[CuCl₄] was synthesized and extensively characterized. The compound was analyzed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy, UV−Vis−NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Ab initio simulations with VASP, and thermal analysis. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the hybrid material crystallizes in the monoclinic phase with the centrosymmetric space group P2₁/c. The vibrational spectra were analyzed to identify the principal vibration modes and their assignments. Optical analysis using the Kubelka–Munk equation determined a direct allowed band gap transition with an energy level of 2.47 eV, indicating that this hybrid material is a semiconductor, consistent with theoretical calculations. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the valence band is primarily composed of Cl p-states, while the conduction band is mainly composed of Cu d-states. Thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) demonstrated that the compound is stable up to 200 °C, with gradual decomposition occurring up to 576 °C, releasing various compounds, including CH₄, NO₂, CO₂, and Cl₂, and ultimately forming copper oxide (CuO) as the final product.

Lithium salicylate (LiSal) organic scintillation single crystal was grown by solution growth technique. The grown crystal found to crystallize in triclinic crystal system. FTIR spectroscopy analysis elucidates the existence of functional groups present in LiSal crystal. The absorption wavelength of title compound exhibits sharp peak at 358 nm due to π to π* electronic transition and energy gap was estimated using Tauc’s plot. The photoluminescence spectra were recorded and found the emission around 409 nm. The refractive index of the sample was determined using abbe refractometer. The mechanical properties of grown sample have been elucidates using Vickers microhardness tester. The Meyers index reveals that the grown crystal belongs to soft material category. The melting point and thermal properties of sample was examined using TG/DTA analysis. The fluorescence lifetime analysis of LiSal crystal exhibits short fluorescence decay time of 0.76 ns for prompt and 1.44 ns for delayed component. LiSal crystal exhibits 2-component (prompt and delayed) fast fluorescence decay time, hence depicting the feasibility in device applications. The preliminary results revealed that the present studied organic crystal lithium salicylate scintillator could be potential candidate in the field of fast neutron detection application.

The development of advanced materials with enhanced optical and electrical properties is critical for applications in photonic and electronic devices. This work's objective is to produce nanocomposites by casting and molding a polymeric mixture from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with two nanomaterial tantalum carbide (TaC) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles with varying weight percentages (0, 1, 3, 5) wt%. The morphological, structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of PVA/TaC-SiO₂ nanocomposites were studied. When compared to pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the samples show a change in peak location, shape, and intensity, as shown by FTIR analysis. Images taken using an optical microscope indicate that the nanoparticle dispersion of the mixture showed a uniform pattern, creating a cohesive network across the polymer matrix. At room temperature, the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites were investigated within the frequency range of 10²–10⁶ Hz. The experiment results indicate that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreased by increasing the frequency of the applied electric field, while electrical conductivity of alternating current (A.C) rose with rising frequency. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and A.C. electrical conductivity of pure PVA were shown to be positively correlated with the concentration of nanoparticles. The dielectric loss reached 2.3 at 5% at 100 Hz while dielectric constant reach to 58. The UV absorption of PVA/ TaC-SiO₂ nanocomposites is high. The results of the optical properties of nanocomposites PVA/ TaC-SiO₂ showed that as greater the number of nanoparticles (TaC-SiO₂), absorbance, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, actual and imaginary dielectric constants, and optical conductivity were increases. The energy gap for allowed transitions fell from 4.25 to 1.9 eV, while the energy gap for forbidden transitions reduced from 3.99 to 1.2 eV, as the concentration of TaC-SiO₂ nanoparticles increases the transmittance decreases. The results show that PVA/TaC-SiO₂ NC films have outstanding optical and electrical properties, which may improve their use in a variety of electrical and photonic applications. The findings of the pressure sensor demonstrate that the PVA/TaC-SiO₂ nanostructures have superior environmental durability, remarkable flexibility, and excellent pressure sensitivity when compared to other sensors.

We have realized the erbium (Er)-related visible and near-infrared (NIR) electroluminescence (EL) from the light-emitting device (LED) with an Au/Mg_0.4Zn_0.6O/ZnO:Er/n⁺-Si structure. Herein, ZnO:Er refers to the Er-doped ZnO film. In order to enhance the Er-related emissions from such a LED, we present a strategy of codoping lithium (Li) into the ZnO:Er film. Through the optimization of the Li-codoping content, the Er-related visible and NIR emission intensities can be enhanced by more than 8 and 2 times, respectively. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Li-codoping results in more symmetrical crystal fields around the luminescent Er³⁺ ions, which is not favorable for the increase in the intra-4f transition probabilities of Er³⁺ ions. Nevertheless, it is found that the Li-codoping leads to the increase in the average size of ZnO grains from 26 to 47 nm, thus significantly reducing the segregation of Er³⁺ ions at grain boundaries. Moreover, the smaller ionic radius of Li⁺ ions (68 pm) with respect to that of Er³⁺ ions (88.1 pm) is believed to be energetically favorable for the incorporation of Er³⁺ ions into ZnO grains. Accordingly, the Li-codoping increases the number of optically active Er³⁺ ions in the ZnO:Er film, which is actually verified by the steady-state and transient photoluminescence characterizations. In brief, both the coarsened ZnO grains and the promoted accommodation of Er³⁺ ions into ZnO grains, resulted from the Li-codoping, are responsible for the significantly enhanced EL as mentioned above.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based composite films hold great potential for self-sensing actuator devices and water treatment applications due to their unique combination of mechanical strength and electroactive behavior. However, improving these properties remains a challenge in conventional polymer-based systems. In this study, we address these challenges by synthesizing Sodalite Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (SOD-ZIF-8) using a solvothermal method and incorporating thermally synthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) into a PVDF matrix to form a composite film. Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the structural and morphological properties of the synthesized materials. The PVDF@ZnO composite film exhibited enhanced crystallinity, dielectric strength, and electroactive properties, as evidenced by the β-phase formation confirmed through FTIR and XRD analyses. These findings highlight that the ZnO nanoparticle incorporation not only strengthens the composite’s mechanical properties but also improves its dielectric and electric breakdown performance at room temperature. Consequently, the PVDF@ZnO composite films show significant promise for application in self-sensing actuator devices.

A flexible temperature sensor is becoming increasingly essential across various fields due to its adaptability, which aligns with current trends and technological advancements, enabling precise measurements. This study focuses on optimizing a flexible temperature sensor with various patterns using interdigital electrodes (IDE) made of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in conjunction with the sensing material Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The deposition process employs a spin-coating technique on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The proposed sensor exhibits a detection range from 290 to 360 K and comes in three sizes: 5 mm, 20 mm, and 22 mm. The resistance–temperature relationship ranges from 0.2 Ω to 0.9 Ω, 0.1 Ω to 0.9 Ω, and 2.0 Ω to 5.0 Ω. Experimental results indicate that a sensor with a height of 21 mm and a width of 2 mm yields superior performance across all the mentioned characteristics, meeting the requirements for real-time fabrication and long-term temperature monitoring.

30Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-38Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-32PbTiO₃ ceramics with BaTiO₃ additive were prepared by the conventional two-step solid state sintering method. The effects of BaTiO₃ additive on phase structure, microstructure and electric properties of PIN-PMN-PT ceramics were investigated. The incorporation of BaTiO₃ into the PIN-PMN-PT solid solutions leads to a crystallographic transformation from rhombohedral to tetragonal. With the increasing of BaTiO₃ contents, rhombohedral-tetragonal phase transition temperature T_rt and Curie temperature T_c decrease slightly and dielectric constant increase. The piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃, electromechanical coupling factor k_p and electric field induced strain S were improved by BaTiO₃ incorporation, reaching maximum of 342 pC/N, 0.45 and 0.142% at 3 mol%, respectively.