Additive manufacturing letters最新文献_第9页

Combining fusion-based and solid-state additive manufacturing: Investigation of additive DED structures with friction surfacing interlayer 融合与固态增材制造的结合：具有摩擦表面夹层的增材DED结构研究

IF 4.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing letters

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100302

Zina Kallien , Eloise Eimer , Arne Roos , Victor Ortolland , Lars Rath , Stewart Williams , Benjamin Klusemann

Fusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) techniques face some challenges for aluminium due to the necessity of material melting resulting in insufficient bonding. The present work provides a novel insight into the combination of fusion-based and solid-state AM approaches to successfully generate structures from different aluminium alloys. Specifically, the friction-based solid-state AM technique of friction surfacing (FS) is used to generate an interlayer structure on AA2050 substrate material. On top of this structure, additional AA5087 is deposited via Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). For the FS interlayer structure, two different alloys, AA5083 and AA7050, are explored. Additionally, the effect of inter-layer rolling is investigated for the final WAAM structure. The built structures are investigated with special focus on the interfaces, i.e., FS deposit-to-substrate and WAAM deposit-to-FS deposit interfaces. In the cross sections, no defects could be detected at the FS deposit-to-substrate interfaces and the structures did not show visible cracks at the WAAM deposit-to-FS deposit interfaces. The investigation showed that the mechanical properties of the WAAM structure improve when inter-layer rolling is applied, leading to homogeneous mechanical properties across the interfaces. The study highlights that FS as friction-based solid-state AM process is capable to build interlayer structures for material combinations, which cannot be achieved directly via a fusion-based process. The approach of combining different AM techniques can be advantageous not only to achieve a dissimilar material combinations but also to build hybrid structures with locally optimized properties.

基于融合的增材制造（AM）技术由于材料熔化的必要性而导致粘接不足，因此对铝面临一些挑战。目前的工作为融合和固态增材制造方法的结合提供了新的见解，以成功地从不同的铝合金中生成结构。具体而言，采用基于摩擦的摩擦表面固态增材制造技术（FS）在AA2050衬底材料上生成层间结构。在此结构的顶部，通过线材和电弧增材制造（WAAM）沉积额外的AA5087。对于FS层间结构，研究了两种不同的合金AA5083和AA7050。此外，还研究了层间轧制对最终WAAM结构的影响。对所建结构进行了研究，特别关注界面，即FS沉积-衬底和WAAM沉积-FS沉积界面。在横截面上，FS沉积层与基体界面处未检测到缺陷，WAAM沉积层与FS沉积层界面处结构未出现明显裂纹。研究表明，层间轧制能改善WAAM组织的力学性能，使其在界面上的力学性能趋于均匀。该研究强调，FS作为基于摩擦的固态增材制造工艺能够为材料组合构建层间结构，这是无法通过基于融合的工艺直接实现的。结合不同增材制造技术的方法不仅有利于实现不同的材料组合，而且有利于构建具有局部优化性能的混合结构。

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引用次数: 0

Hot forming behavior of tungsten carbide reinforced Ni-Based superalloy 625 additively manufactured by laser directed energy deposition 激光定向能沉积增材制备碳化钨增强镍基高温合金625的热成形行为

IF 4.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing letters

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100267

Gökhan Ertugrul , Aliakbar Emdadi , Angelika Jedynak , Sabine Weiß , Sebastian Härtel

The demands of high-performance industries such as aerospace, automotive, tool manufacturing, oil, and gas industries are driving the innovation in high-performance materials and their production methods. This study explores the impact of hybrid manufacturing, specifically the effect of the addition of tungsten carbide (WC/W2C) via Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED), on the hot workability, hardness, and microstructure of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625 (IN625). IN625 is known for its high temperature and high corrosion resistance, and tungsten carbide for its high wear resistance and grain refinement effect. The integration of WC/W2C particles into the IN625 matrix, in addition to the use of the hybrid approach of additive manufacturing followed by a hot–forming process, significantly influences the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the material. Thus, while incorporation of the WC/W2C can strengthen the material and extend the mechanical limitations, its full impact, including any potential usages, should be thoroughly evaluated for the intended application of the materials. To understand the effect of WC/W2C, additive manufacturing of IN625 both with and without WC/W2C and isothermal hot compression was carried out. The objective is to analyze the differences in microstructure and properties between L-DED manufactured IN625, and WC-reinforced IN625, and their hot-forming behavior, focusing on the effects of WC addition and post-deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties. This work represents the first investigation into the effect of WC/W2C hard particles on the hot-forming process of additively manufactured Ni-based metal matrix composites.

航空航天、汽车、工具制造、石油和天然气等高性能行业的需求正在推动高性能材料及其生产方法的创新。本研究探讨了混合制造的影响，特别是通过激光定向能量沉积（L-DED）添加碳化钨（WC/W2C）对镍基高温合金Inconel 625 （IN625）的热加工性、硬度和显微组织的影响。IN625以耐高温、耐高腐蚀性著称，碳化钨以高耐磨性和晶粒细化效果著称。将WC/W2C颗粒整合到IN625基体中，再加上使用增材制造的混合方法，然后进行热成形工艺，显著影响了材料的微观结构和力学行为。因此，虽然WC/W2C的掺入可以增强材料并扩大机械限制，但其全部影响，包括任何潜在的用途，都应该对材料的预期应用进行彻底评估。为了了解WC/W2C的影响，对IN625进行了添加WC/W2C和不添加WC/W2C以及等温热压缩的增材制造。目的是分析L-DED制造的IN625与WC增强IN625的组织和性能差异，以及它们的热成形行为，重点研究WC添加和后变形对组织和力学性能的影响。本文首次研究了WC/W2C硬质颗粒对增材制造镍基金属基复合材料热成形过程的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of extreme deposition rate on the microstructure evolution of additive friction stir deposited AA6061 alloy 极限沉积速率对添加剂搅拌摩擦沉积AA6061合金组织演变的影响

IF 4.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing letters

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100269

Lu Jiang, Ramesh Varma, Mahendra Ramajayam, Thomas Dorin, Matthew Robert Barnett, Daniel Fabijanic

Additive manufacturing (AM) using additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) offers unique advantages over traditional liquid-solid state transitions, notably the ability to plasticise materials through frictional and deformation heat and build a bulk deposit via discrete layers without melting. Although inherently a large-scale and high deposition rate process, the boundaries of deposition rates have not been explored. In this work, we explored a deposition rate 4–29 times faster than typical for aluminium AFSD processing. The microstructure analyses of the deposited AA6061 alloys reveal a distinct grain structure and precipitation between the slow and fast depositions, attributed to the varied thermal and mechanical histories stemming from differences in tool velocity. The AFSD process also effectively refines the constituent intermetallic phases, resulting in more uniform sizes due to high temperatures and strains experienced during deposition. Energy consumption analysis revealed significant efficiency improvement associated with the fast deposition.

使用添加剂摩擦搅拌沉积（AFSD）的增材制造（AM）与传统的液固态转换相比具有独特的优势，特别是能够通过摩擦和变形热使材料塑化，并通过离散层建立大块沉积而不熔化。虽然本质上是一个大规模和高沉积速率的过程，但沉积速率的边界尚未被探索。在这项工作中，我们探索了比铝AFSD加工快4-29倍的沉积速率。显微组织分析表明，慢速沉积和快速沉积的AA6061合金具有明显的晶粒结构和析出，这是由于刀具速度的不同导致的热历史和力学历史的变化。AFSD工艺还有效地细化了组成的金属间相，由于在沉积过程中经历的高温和应变，导致更均匀的尺寸。能源消耗分析显示，快速沉积显著提高了效率。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation on curing strategies for metal binder jetting with Ti-6Al-4V Ti-6Al-4V金属粘结剂喷射固化策略研究

IF 4.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing letters

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100272

Kevin Janzen , Timo Rieß , Claus Emmelmann

Metal binder jetting is a promising manufacturing technology that holds the potential to be a future competition technology to classic laser based additive manufacturing processes. In contrast to these technologies, however, metal binder jetting is much less mature. While sintering and debinding are already well known due to the spread of metal injection molding and powder deposition by laser powder bed fusion and its related processes, the often-neglected curing step represents a major challenge in process control. This study was therefore the first comprehensive investigation into the curing of metal binder jetting green parts from Ti-6Al-4 V powder with a powder size distribution below 25 µm. It was shown that the curing step has only a minor effect on the green part quality (surface roughness and density), but at the same time has a decisive influence on the green strength. In addition, position-dependent effects for the green density were detected, which indicate insufficient curing in the outer areas of the print box.

金属粘结剂喷射是一种很有前途的制造技术，有可能成为经典激光增材制造工艺的未来竞争技术。然而，与这些技术相比，金属粘结剂喷射技术远不成熟。由于金属注射成型和激光粉末床熔合粉末沉积及其相关工艺的普及，烧结和脱脂已经广为人知，但经常被忽视的固化步骤是过程控制的主要挑战。因此，本研究首次全面研究了粉末粒径分布小于25µm的ti - 6al - 4v粉末的金属粘结剂喷射绿色零件的固化。结果表明，养护步骤对生坯质量（表面粗糙度和密度）影响较小，但对生坯强度有决定性影响。此外，还检测到绿色密度的位置依赖效应，这表明印刷盒外部区域的固化不足。

引用次数: 0

Effect of raster orientation on large-scale robotic 3D printing of short carbon fiber-reinforced PLA composites 栅格取向对短碳纤维增强PLA复合材料大规模机器人3D打印的影响

IF 4.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing letters

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100276

E. Baharlou , J. Ma

Additive manufacturing in building construction can be extended for mass customization of building components or even complex mold making. This study examines the process parameters of raster orientation of short carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (SCF-PLA) and neat PLA in large-scale 3D printing. Three raster orientations—unidirectional, cross-ply, and quasi-isotropic layups—were printed using a pellet extruder assembled on an industrial robotic arm. Tensile and flexural tests were conducted to characterize the differences between SCF-PLA and neat PLA across all raster orientations. This study shows that neat PLA has higher tensile strength compared to SCF-PLA, and quasi-isotropic orientation can improve the week mechanical properties of both SCF-PLA and PLA. This research highlights the interface bonding challenges encountered with larger 3D printed filaments, which result in more significant pores. Furthermore, any factor that modifies rheological properties of the filament, such as carbon filling, can lead to a higher likelihood of material defects. To understand this discrepancy, microstructure analyses were conducted on intact and fractured 3D printed samples, including the analysis of micro voids, interlayer voids, and bonding between SCF and the PLA matrix. This suggests that the effects of quasi-isotropic layups can be applied to enhance 3D print large-scale polymer-based building components.

建筑施工中的增材制造可以扩展到建筑部件的大规模定制甚至复杂的模具制造。研究了短碳纤维增强聚乳酸（SCF-PLA）和整齐聚乳酸在大规模3D打印中的光栅取向工艺参数。三种光栅方向——单向、交叉铺层和准各向同性铺层——使用装配在工业机械臂上的颗粒挤出机进行打印。进行了拉伸和弯曲试验，以表征SCF-PLA和整齐PLA在所有光栅方向上的差异。研究表明，纯PLA的抗拉强度高于SCF-PLA，准各向同性取向可以改善SCF-PLA和PLA的周力学性能。这项研究强调了更大的3D打印细丝所遇到的界面粘合挑战，这会导致更大的孔隙。此外，任何改变长丝流变特性的因素，如碳填充，都可能导致材料缺陷的可能性更高。为了理解这种差异，研究人员对完整和断裂的3D打印样品进行了微观结构分析，包括微观空隙、层间空隙以及SCF与PLA基体之间的结合。这表明准各向同性铺层的效果可以应用于增强3D打印大型聚合物建筑组件。

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引用次数: 0

Material extrusion with integrated compression molding of NdFeB/SmFeN nylon bonded magnets using small- and large-scale pellet-based 3D-printers 使用小型和大型基于颗粒的3d打印机对钕铁硼/SmFeN尼龙粘结磁铁进行综合压缩成型的材料挤压

IF 4.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing letters

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100282

Kaustubh Mungale , Vipin Kumar , Mariappan Parans Paranthaman , Brian C. Sales , Harshida Parmar , Ikenna C. Nlebedim , Brittany Rodriguez , Uday Kumar Vaidya

High-density bonded rare-earth magnets are manufactured using pellet-fed additive manufacturing (AM)/material extrusion and an integrated additive manufacturing-compression molding (AM-CM) process. Neodymium iron boron – samarium iron nitride in polyamide 12 (NdFeB-SmFeN/PA12) of 93 % weight fraction (65 % volume fraction) are used for the study. The mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus), magnetic properties (maximum energy density, coercivity, remanence) are reported. Manufacturing parameters such as layer height, barrel temperatures, screw speed and gantry feed rate are optimized to obtain the highest possible density of the magnets using a small-scale desktop material extrusion printer. Large scale integrated additive manufacturing-compression molding (AM-CM) is then utilized to increase the density of the magnets by reducing porosity defects common in the material extrusion process. The density of as-printed magnets was 5.2 g/cm³ with a BH_max value of 124.14 kJ/m³, tensile strength of 20 MPa and a modulus of 2 GPa. AM-CM increased the density of the compound by 5.5 % (5.49 g/cm³). The reduction in porosity was confirmed using X-ray tomography (XCT). Improvement in mechanical strength of the material was also observed, with an increase in tensile strength of 25 % (25.09 MPa) and increase in tensile modulus of 275 % (5.49 GPa). Scanning electron microscopy showed increased particle-matrix adhesion with the integrated AM-CM process.

高密度粘结稀土磁体的制造采用颗粒喂料增材制造(AM)/材料挤压和集成增材制造-压缩成型（AM- cm）工艺。采用质量分数为93%（体积分数为65%）的钕铁硼-氮化铁钐（NdFeB-SmFeN/PA12）。报告了材料的力学性能（抗拉强度和模量）、磁性能（最大能量密度、矫顽力、剩余力）。制造参数，如层的高度，桶的温度，螺杆速度和龙门进料速度进行优化，以获得尽可能高的磁铁密度使用小型台式材料挤压打印机。然后利用大规模集成增材制造-压缩成型（AM-CM）通过减少材料挤压过程中常见的孔隙缺陷来增加磁体的密度。打印磁体的密度为5.2 g/cm3， BHmax为124.14 kJ/m3，抗拉强度为20 MPa，模量为2 GPa。AM-CM使化合物的密度提高了5.5% （5.49 g/cm3）。通过x射线断层扫描（XCT）证实孔隙度降低。材料的机械强度也有所提高，抗拉强度提高25% (25.09 MPa)，抗拉模量提高275% （5.49 GPa）。扫描电镜显示，集成AM-CM工艺增加了颗粒-基质的粘附性。

{"title":"Material extrusion with integrated compression molding of NdFeB/SmFeN nylon bonded magnets using small- and large-scale pellet-based 3D-printers","authors":"Kaustubh Mungale , Vipin Kumar , Mariappan Parans Paranthaman , Brian C. Sales , Harshida Parmar , Ikenna C. Nlebedim , Brittany Rodriguez , Uday Kumar Vaidya","doi":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-density bonded rare-earth magnets are manufactured using pellet-fed additive manufacturing (AM)/material extrusion and an integrated additive manufacturing-compression molding (AM-CM) process. Neodymium iron boron – samarium iron nitride in polyamide 12 (NdFeB-SmFeN/PA12) of 93 % weight fraction (65 % volume fraction) are used for the study. The mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus), magnetic properties (maximum energy density, coercivity, remanence) are reported. Manufacturing parameters such as layer height, barrel temperatures, screw speed and gantry feed rate are optimized to obtain the highest possible density of the magnets using a small-scale desktop material extrusion printer. Large scale integrated additive manufacturing-compression molding (AM-CM) is then utilized to increase the density of the magnets by reducing porosity defects common in the material extrusion process. The density of as-printed magnets was 5.2 g/cm<sup>3</sup> with a <em>BH<sub>max</sub></em> value of 124.14 kJ/m<sup>3</sup>, tensile strength of 20 MPa and a modulus of 2 GPa. AM-CM increased the density of the compound by 5.5 % (5.49 g/cm<sup>3</sup>). The reduction in porosity was confirmed using X-ray tomography (XCT). Improvement in mechanical strength of the material was also observed, with an increase in tensile strength of 25 % (25.09 MPa) and increase in tensile modulus of 275 % (5.49 GPa). Scanning electron microscopy showed increased particle-matrix adhesion with the integrated AM-CM process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72068,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Qualification of additively manufactured polymer fluid manifolds for life-detection instruments 生命检测仪器用增材制造聚合物流体歧管的鉴定

IF 4.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing letters

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100277

Theresa Juarez, Nathan J. Oborny, Andrew Berg, Aaron C. Noell

The development of autonomous life detection instruments is being driven by the advancement of multiple space exploration missions to investigate the subsurface oceans of icy worlds, particularly Titan, Enceladus, and Europa. A fundamental feature of this type of instrument is a compact, reliable, and chemically inert internal liquid transport network. Additively manufactured (AM) custom liquid manifolds produced via vat photopolymerization (VPP) methods can meet these requirements. However, before these materials can be considered, basic spaceflight requirements, qualification for flight worthiness and functionality must be addressed. In this study, mechanical properties, outgassing behavior, polymeric characteristics, and chemical compatibility are assessed for select commercially available AM polymers. The results indicate basic materials qualification requirements are met, including sufficiently characterized mechanical properties, the identification of a bakeout protocol for reduced outgassing to meet NASA standards, and chemical compatibility with liquids and reagents used in candidate instrumentation under development for life detection missions.

自主生命探测仪器的发展是由多个太空探索任务的进步推动的，这些任务旨在调查冰冷世界的地下海洋，特别是土卫六、土卫二和木卫二。这种类型的仪器的一个基本特点是紧凑，可靠，化学惰性的内部液体输送网络。通过还原光聚合（VPP）方法生产的增材制造（AM）定制液体歧管可以满足这些要求。然而，在考虑这些材料之前，必须解决基本的航天要求、飞行价值和功能的资格。在本研究中，对选择的市售增材制造聚合物的机械性能、脱气行为、聚合物特性和化学相容性进行了评估。结果表明，基本的材料资格要求得到满足，包括充分表征的机械性能，确定了减少脱气的烘烤方案，以满足NASA的标准，以及与正在开发的用于生命探测任务的候选仪器中使用的液体和试剂的化学相容性。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of the laser strategy on bi-metallic interfaces printed via multi-material laser-based powder bed fusion 激光策略对多材料激光粉末床熔合打印双金属界面的影响

IF 4.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing letters

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100274

Isabel B. Prestes, Eric A. Jägle

Metallic Multi-material Additive Manufacturing (MMAM) is an emerging research topic, with potential applications in heat exchangers, metamaterials and satellite components. In recent years, new multi-material laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) techniques have been developed. However, processing challenges may arise, since materials with dissimilar properties are mixed at the interfaces, which might lead to defects such as cracks. This work aims to investigate the influence of different laser scan strategies to achieve sound interfaces with different material mixing gradients. The samples, made of Inconel 718 and Invar were deposited by the patterning drums technique and were analyzed by means of optical microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mappings and line scans. The orientation in which melt pools cross the material interface plays an important role in mixing the materials. Different orientations in subsequent layers create a certain “jagged” pattern of mixing at the interface. Sigmoid functions of Boltzmann fitted to the line scans show a significant slope steepness increase – up to 75 % – in the element count from double scan to single scan, suggesting a stronger material mixing. The double scan strategy leads to porosity at the interface and thus should be avoided. The remelt at the interface partially healed defects such as cracks but does not seem to influence the mixing width at the interface. These findings give general guidance for selecting scan strategies in MMAM depending on the desired mixing pattern at the material interface.

金属多材料增材制造（MMAM）是一个新兴的研究课题，在热交换器、超材料和卫星部件等领域具有潜在的应用前景。近年来，新型多材料激光粉末床熔融技术得到了发展。然而，由于具有不同性能的材料在界面处混合，可能导致裂纹等缺陷，因此可能会出现加工挑战。本工作旨在研究不同激光扫描策略对不同材料混合梯度下获得声音界面的影响。采用模鼓法沉积了由Inconel 718和Invar制成的样品，并用光学显微镜、能谱图和线扫描对样品进行了分析。熔池穿过材料界面的方向对材料的混合起着重要的作用。在随后的层中，不同的方向在界面上形成了某种“锯齿状”的混合模式。拟合线扫描的玻尔兹曼Sigmoid函数显示，从两次扫描到一次扫描，元素计数的斜率陡度显著增加，高达75%，表明材料混合更强。双重扫描策略会导致界面处出现孔隙，因此应避免。界面处的熔体部分修复了裂纹等缺陷，但似乎对界面处的混合宽度没有影响。这些发现为根据材料界面所需的混合模式选择MMAM扫描策略提供了一般指导。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication of ultra-thin porous titanium alloys by electron beam selective melting: Porosity and mechanical properties 电子束选择性熔炼制备超薄多孔钛合金：孔隙率和力学性能

IF 4.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing letters

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100268

Jinhu Liu , Feihong Wang , Dong Lu , Yongfeng Liang , Junpin Lin

Titanium alloys are widely regarded as ideal biomaterials due to their superior mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion. Additive manufacturing offers a novel approach for fabricating porous structures, enabling the production of titanium alloys with intricate geometries and varied dimensions. In this study, porous titanium alloys were produced using the Ti-6Al-2Zr-2V-1Mo alloy via electron beam selective melting (EBSM). Thin-wall structures with thicknesses ranging from 360 μm to 600 μm demonstrated exceptional mechanical performance near the forming threshold. An increase in porosity from 22 % to 32 % was observed, resulting in a reduction in tensile strength from 350 MPa to 250 MPa. Tensile testing and microstructural analyses revealed that precise control of the electron beam spot diameter facilitated effective metallurgical bonding between powder particles, with residual pores comparable in size to the original powder. This work highlights a promising strategy for fabricating titanium alloys tailored for biomedical applications.

钛合金因其优异的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能而被广泛认为是理想的生物材料。增材制造为制造多孔结构提供了一种新的方法，使生产具有复杂几何形状和不同尺寸的钛合金成为可能。以Ti-6Al-2Zr-2V-1Mo合金为原料，采用电子束选择性熔炼法制备多孔钛合金。厚度为360 ~ 600 μm的薄壁结构在成形阈值附近表现出优异的力学性能。观察到孔隙率从22%增加到32%，导致抗拉强度从350mpa降低到250mpa。拉伸测试和显微组织分析表明，精确控制电子束光斑直径有助于粉末颗粒之间有效的冶金结合，残余孔隙的大小与原始粉末相当。这项工作强调了制造适合生物医学应用的钛合金的有前途的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of a typical scanner delay processing parameter on local microstructure in metallic laser-based powder bed fusion 典型扫描仪延迟处理参数对金属激光粉末床熔合中局部显微组织的影响

IF 4.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing letters

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100273

Brenda Leticia Valadez Mesta , Pascal Thome , Marcus C. Lam , Sammy Tin , Jorge Mireles , Ryan B. Wicker

In laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M), variations in laser scanner movements, particularly lesser-studied parameters like scanner delays that control laser directional changes, can influence the microstructure in a part during fabrication as each of typically millions of individual laser vectors impact part thermal history and resulting microstructure. While the impact of commonly researched parameters such as laser power, scan speed, hatch spacing, and layer thickness on part microstructure have been well studied, considerably less attention has been given to scanner delays such as the polygon delay. This study uses electron backscatter diffraction to investigate the microstructural variations caused by polygon delay values ranging from 0 to 450 microseconds, beginning with individual scan tracks. The study then extends single tracks to a simple three-dimensional part to examine if microstructure differences due to polygon delays may be influenced by localized heating and cooling caused by nearby hatch vectors and successive layers. The results reveal that varying polygon delay clearly affects grain morphology during individual scan tracks, although these effects are less clear during a three-dimensional build. Future PBF-LB/M studies should focus more on understanding time-resolved laser beam processing effects to better reduce inconsistencies and improve part quality.

在基于激光的粉末床金属熔合（PBF-LB/M）中，激光扫描仪运动的变化，特别是像控制激光方向变化的扫描仪延迟等较少研究的参数，会影响制造过程中零件的微观结构，因为通常数百万个单独的激光矢量中的每一个都会影响零件的热历史和最终的微观结构。虽然激光功率、扫描速度、舱口间距和层厚等常用参数对零件微观结构的影响已经得到了很好的研究，但对扫描仪延迟（如多边形延迟）的关注却很少。本研究从单个扫描轨迹开始，利用电子后向散射衍射研究了0 ~ 450微秒多边形延迟值引起的微结构变化。然后，该研究将单个轨迹扩展到简单的三维部分，以检查多边形延迟引起的微观结构差异是否可能受到附近舱口矢量和连续层引起的局部加热和冷却的影响。结果表明，在单个扫描轨迹中，不同的多边形延迟明显影响晶粒形态，尽管这些影响在三维构建期间不太明显。未来的PBF-LB/M研究应更多地关注时间分辨激光束加工效果，以更好地减少不一致，提高零件质量。

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引用次数: 0