American journal of clinical and experimental immunology最新文献

Background: Considering the importance of the repairing time in patients with biliary duct injury, the aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patents with bile duct injury following cholecystectomy.

Methods: In this cross sectional study that was conducted on 64 patients with bile duct injury following cholecystectomy was referred to Shafa hospital in Tehran-Iran during 2010-2019 due to repair of biliary duct. Then patients were divided into two groups based on early and late referring time after bile duct injury, the postoperative outcomes were evaluated in two groups.

Results: The alanine transaminase (ALT) and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the late group were significantly higher than the early group. There were significant differences between the two groups based on the results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) (P < 0.05). The frequency of bile duct dilatation, cholangitis and itching in late group were significantly higher than early group, also the frequency of uncomplicated outcome in the early group were significantly more than late group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The postoperative complication of biliary duct injury reduced, if patients diagnosed and referred at the same early stages (early referral).

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common complication that patients referred to dermatologist, also there are medications to manage of this such as isotretinoin, and incidence of low back pain in these patients is more than general population, so in this study we aimed to evaluate of Incidence of low back pain and sacroiliitis in military families with acne vulgaris under isotretinoin therapy.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 113 acne vulgaris patients treated with isotretinoin (at least 3 months) referred to dermatology clinic of Imam Reza Hospital of Army Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran during 2018 to 2019. All data of patients such as dosage and duration of medication, severity of acne, incidence of low back pain, sacroiliitis and inflammatory back pain and lab data were recorded.

Results: 54% of patients had lethargy, 41.6% had myalgia and 46.9% had low back pain. Of the patients with low back pain, 54.7% had inflammatory low back pain and 45.3% had mechanical low back pain. 29 cases had inflammatory low back pain, 5 cases had sacroiliitis and one case had positive RF, the means of ESR, CRP and ANA were 19.01 ± 12.74 Mm/hr, 3.43 ± 1.27 Mg/litr and 1.31 ± 0.90, respectively.

Conclusion: In patients with acne vulgaris under isotretinoin therapy much attention must be given regarding to sacroiliitis and rheumatoid diseases especially when symptoms such as low back pain are present.

The aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of Piper betle L. leaf extract on inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus in conjunctivitis patient. This study follows a post-test only group experimental design. Antibacterial activities of five Piper betle L. extract concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%) against Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated by agar well diffusion method. The negative control group (P-) was treated with standard 10% DMSO solution, the positive control group (P+) with ceftriaxone. The diameters of clear zone surrounding the well were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and showed that in between 1% and 1.5%; 1.5% and 2%; 2% and 2.5%; 2.5% and 3% concentrations do not show a significant difference but in between 0.5% and 1%; 0.5% and 1.5%; 0.5% and 2%; 0.5% and 2.5%; 0.5% and 3%; 1% and 2%; 1% and 2.5%; 1% and 3%; 1.5% and 2.5%; 1.5% and 3%; 2% and 3% concentrations, Piper betle L. leaf extract shows a significant difference on inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion the results obtained show that that Piper betle L. leaf extract has a significant potential use as an antibacterial agent.

Selective IgM Deficiency (SIgMD) is a recently incorporated disorder in the classification of primary immunodeficiency diseases. The purpose of this study was to present detailed clinical and immunological features in a cohort of 62 adult patients with SIgMD. A retrospective chart review of 62 patients between 2009 and 2017 with a diagnosis of SIgMD was performed for clinical and immunological features, and response to immunoglobulin therapy in symptomatic patients who also exhibited specific antibody deficiency. The majority of patients presented with recurrent and chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections (73%), most often with recurrent sinusitis (29%), bronchitis (33%), pneumonia (21%), and recurrent urinary tract infections (16%). Forty three percent of patients had associated autoimmune diseases including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Approximately 35% of patients had atopic diseases, including allergic rhinitis and asthma. CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD19+ B cells were normal in the majority of patients. IgG subclass deficiency was observed in approximately 22% of cases. Forty seven percent of patients exhibited specific anti-pneumococcal antibody deficiency. The six most common pneumococcal serotypes that were impaired in majority (>70%) of subjects included 3, 4, 9V, 9N, 12F, 23F. Eighteen (66%) of 27 patients with specific antibody deficiency received immunoglobulin therapy and almost all subjects responded to immunoglobulin therapy by decreased frequency of infections. No correlation was observed in immunological features, clinical manifestations, or response to therapy with serum IgM levels.

Introduction: Fingolimod is an immunomodulating oral treatment used for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The exact mechanism for its action in preventing relapses is unknown. Also, its affect on immune cell populations remains unestablished.

Objectives: This study will measure the changes in cell populations of WBCs, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in MS patients after one month of treatment.

Methods: 66 MS patients from Isfahan Province with RRMS were chosen based on certain exclusion criteria and eligibility for fingolimod oral treatment. Initial cell counts for WBC, lymphocyte, and neutrophil cell populations were achieved. Fingolimod .5 mg daily treatment was then initiated under the supervision of a physician. After one month of treatment, cell counts were repeated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.

Results: Both lymphocyte and WBC mean cell counts were significantly decreased in this patient cohort. Neutrophil average cell counts were significantly increased in this 66 patient cohort. Only the decrease of WBC populations was significant for both male and female cohorts individually. Only female sub-cohorts were significantly changed for neutrophils and lymphocytes, increased and decreased respectively. Male sub-cohorts maintained the same directionality but failed to produce statistical significance.

Conclusion: While fingolimod has been effectively proven as reducing lymphocyte cells in most patient populations, its effects on neutrophils have not been studied in abundance. Also, there may be sex-related differences in responses to fingolimod treatment with regards to lymphocytes and neutrophils, suggesting a possible difference in RRMS pathogenesis between males and females.

Seasonal allergic asthma prevalence has been increasing over the last decades and is one of global health concerns now. Pollen is one of the main reasons to cause seasonal allergic asthma and influenced by multiple risk factors. Thunderstorm-related asthma is a typical type of seasonal allergic asthma that thunderstorms occurring can induce severe asthma attacks during pollen season. The diagnosis of seasonal allergic asthma relies on precise medical history, skin prick tests (SPT) and specific IgE detection. Component resolved diagnosis is greatly significant in determining the complex situation. Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying therapy that can change the natural course from seasonal allergic rhinitis to seasonal allergic asthma.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, mostly affecting young adults. Diamine oxidase is an enzyme essential for histamine production. Histamine which is produced mostly by mast cells can have effects on different aspects of immune system via its different histamine receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R and H4R). The crucial role of diamine oxidase and histamine in immune balance has been documented in different studies and experiments both on MS patients and on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this regard, we aimed to measure the level of histamine and diamine oxidase in the serum of MS patients.

Methods: A total number of 50 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 41 age and sex matched controls were enrolled in this study. Assessments of serum levels of histamine and diamine oxidase enzyme were performed using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: The serum levels of histamine and diamine oxidase in RRMS patients were lower than healthy controls (P-value = 0.00, for both).

Conclusion: Our research team found significant low levels of histamine and diamine oxidase in RRMS patients; however the pathogenesis of this issue was unclear.

It was well-documented that epilepsy and pain arise from an excitation-inhibition imbalance within neuronal networks. A previous meta-analysis of data from clinical trials showed an association between anticonvulsants and specific pain types, e.g. multiple sclerosis pain. Multiple multicentre randomized controlled trials have shown that antiepileptic drugs have a prominent role in the treatment of several types of pain, e.g. neuropathic pain. Many anticonvulsants have been introduced to better manage acute postoperative pain, with improvements in analgesic efficacy and safety. These data suggested that there existed the similar mechanisms of certain forms of epilepsy and pain, and the therapeutic mechanism of spinal cord stimulation for certain forms of epilepsy and pain may be involved in the melanocortinergic signaling, and the change in cerebral glucose metabolism. We hypothesized that pressure pain assessment may predict the outcome of spinal cord stimulation in refractory epilepsy.

Multiple system atrophy is a sporadic progressive degenerative disease which is characterized by multiple central nervous systems involved. So far, there is no effective medicine to cure MSA. The main research direction of treatment includes immunization transplantation and cytotherapy. Human umbilical cord blood is the residue of blood in the placenta and umbilical cord after fetal delivery. It is the most abundant cell bank and its usage is not limited to treat hematological diseases. The researches about hUCB-MNC treatment on MSA are increasing gradually. The potential of other MSC is also discussed. Lateral atlanto-occipital space puncture is an ingenious way created by Professor Dianrong Gong. More than 30 cases of MSA have been treated by this method with fine clinical effect and without serious complications. It indicates that stem cells treatment is a valid method for refractory nerve system diseases.

Tumor cells evolve multiple sophisticated mechanisms to escape immune surveillance, one of which is to establish tolerogenic microenvironment by recruiting certain immune suppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Tregs are subpopulation of CD4⁺ T cells, which specialize in suppressing immune responses and preventing autoimmune damage to collateral tissue. Emerging evidence suggests that Treg cell number increases in various types of cancer, which correlates with tumor grade and poor patient prognosis. This review will focus on discussion of the origins and features of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells. Ultimately, these features may provide insight into potential therapeutic intervention by targeting Treg cells to invigorate immune response against tumor.