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Effect of fingolimod on white blood cell, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in MS patients. 芬戈莫德对MS患者白细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞计数的影响。
Pub Date : 2019-04-15 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01
Aryan Rafiee Zadeh, Sara Parsa, Nooshin Tavoosi, Mohsen Farshi, Mohammad Farid Masaeli

Introduction: Fingolimod is an immunomodulating oral treatment used for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The exact mechanism for its action in preventing relapses is unknown. Also, its affect on immune cell populations remains unestablished.

Objectives: This study will measure the changes in cell populations of WBCs, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in MS patients after one month of treatment.

Methods: 66 MS patients from Isfahan Province with RRMS were chosen based on certain exclusion criteria and eligibility for fingolimod oral treatment. Initial cell counts for WBC, lymphocyte, and neutrophil cell populations were achieved. Fingolimod .5 mg daily treatment was then initiated under the supervision of a physician. After one month of treatment, cell counts were repeated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.

Results: Both lymphocyte and WBC mean cell counts were significantly decreased in this patient cohort. Neutrophil average cell counts were significantly increased in this 66 patient cohort. Only the decrease of WBC populations was significant for both male and female cohorts individually. Only female sub-cohorts were significantly changed for neutrophils and lymphocytes, increased and decreased respectively. Male sub-cohorts maintained the same directionality but failed to produce statistical significance.

Conclusion: While fingolimod has been effectively proven as reducing lymphocyte cells in most patient populations, its effects on neutrophils have not been studied in abundance. Also, there may be sex-related differences in responses to fingolimod treatment with regards to lymphocytes and neutrophils, suggesting a possible difference in RRMS pathogenesis between males and females.

芬戈莫德是一种用于治疗复发-缓解型多发性硬化症(RRMS)的免疫调节口服药物。其预防复发的确切机制尚不清楚。此外,它对免疫细胞群的影响仍未确定。目的:本研究将测量MS患者治疗一个月后白细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞细胞群的变化。方法:选取伊斯法罕省伴有RRMS的多发性硬化症患者66例,根据一定的排除标准和口服芬戈莫德治疗的资格。获得了白细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞群体的初始细胞计数。然后在医生的监督下开始每日服用芬戈莫德0.5毫克。治疗1个月后,重复细胞计数。采用SPSS进行统计分析。结果:在该患者队列中,淋巴细胞和白细胞平均细胞计数均显著降低。在这66例患者队列中,中性粒细胞平均细胞计数显著增加。只有白细胞数量的减少在男性和女性人群中都是显著的。只有女性亚群的中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞有显著变化,分别增加和减少。男性亚队列保持相同的方向性,但没有产生统计学意义。结论:虽然在大多数患者群体中,芬戈莫德已被证明可以有效地减少淋巴细胞,但其对中性粒细胞的影响尚未得到大量研究。此外,对芬戈莫德治疗的淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞的反应可能存在性别差异,这表明男性和女性在RRMS发病机制上可能存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in the clinical and mechanism research of pollen induced seasonal allergic asthma. 花粉诱发季节性过敏性哮喘的临床和机理研究进展。
IF 1.4 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-02-15 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01
Zhi-Juan Xie, Kai Guan, Jia Yin

Seasonal allergic asthma prevalence has been increasing over the last decades and is one of global health concerns now. Pollen is one of the main reasons to cause seasonal allergic asthma and influenced by multiple risk factors. Thunderstorm-related asthma is a typical type of seasonal allergic asthma that thunderstorms occurring can induce severe asthma attacks during pollen season. The diagnosis of seasonal allergic asthma relies on precise medical history, skin prick tests (SPT) and specific IgE detection. Component resolved diagnosis is greatly significant in determining the complex situation. Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying therapy that can change the natural course from seasonal allergic rhinitis to seasonal allergic asthma.

过去几十年来,季节性过敏性哮喘的发病率不断上升,现已成为全球关注的健康问题之一。花粉是引起季节性过敏性哮喘的主要原因之一,并受到多种危险因素的影响。雷暴相关哮喘是季节性过敏性哮喘的一种典型类型,在花粉季节发生的雷暴会诱发严重的哮喘发作。季节性过敏性哮喘的诊断依赖于精确的病史、皮肤点刺试验(SPT)和特异性 IgE 检测。诊断组件的解决对确定复杂的情况意义重大。过敏原特异性免疫疗法(AIT)是唯一可以改变疾病的疗法,它可以改变季节性过敏性鼻炎到季节性过敏性哮喘的自然病程。
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引用次数: 0
Serum levels of histamine and diamine oxidase in multiple sclerosis. 多发性硬化症患者血清组胺和二胺氧化酶水平。
Pub Date : 2018-12-20 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01
Aryan Rafiee Zadeh, Masih Falahatian, Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, mostly affecting young adults. Diamine oxidase is an enzyme essential for histamine production. Histamine which is produced mostly by mast cells can have effects on different aspects of immune system via its different histamine receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R and H4R). The crucial role of diamine oxidase and histamine in immune balance has been documented in different studies and experiments both on MS patients and on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this regard, we aimed to measure the level of histamine and diamine oxidase in the serum of MS patients.

Methods: A total number of 50 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 41 age and sex matched controls were enrolled in this study. Assessments of serum levels of histamine and diamine oxidase enzyme were performed using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: The serum levels of histamine and diamine oxidase in RRMS patients were lower than healthy controls (P-value = 0.00, for both).

Conclusion: Our research team found significant low levels of histamine and diamine oxidase in RRMS patients; however the pathogenesis of this issue was unclear.

背景:多发性硬化症(MS)是一种中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病,主要影响年轻人。二胺氧化酶是产生组胺所必需的酶。组胺主要由肥大细胞产生,可通过其不同的组胺受体(H1R、H2R、H3R和H4R)对免疫系统的不同方面产生影响。二胺氧化酶和组胺在免疫平衡中的重要作用已在MS患者和实验性过敏性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的不同研究和实验中得到证实。因此,我们旨在测定MS患者血清中组胺和二胺氧化酶的水平。方法:共纳入50例复发缓解型MS (RRMS)患者和41例年龄和性别匹配的对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)评估血清组胺和二胺氧化酶水平。结果:RRMS患者血清组胺和二胺氧化酶水平均低于健康对照组(p值均为0.00)。结论:本组研究发现RRMS患者组胺和二胺氧化酶水平明显偏低;然而,这一问题的发病机制尚不清楚。
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引用次数: 0
Pressure pain assessment may predict the outcome of spinal cord stimulation for refractory epilepsy. 压痛评估可以预测脊髓刺激治疗难治性癫痫的结果。
Pub Date : 2018-12-20 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01
Li Feng, Li-Hua Fan, Duo-Zhi Wu

It was well-documented that epilepsy and pain arise from an excitation-inhibition imbalance within neuronal networks. A previous meta-analysis of data from clinical trials showed an association between anticonvulsants and specific pain types, e.g. multiple sclerosis pain. Multiple multicentre randomized controlled trials have shown that antiepileptic drugs have a prominent role in the treatment of several types of pain, e.g. neuropathic pain. Many anticonvulsants have been introduced to better manage acute postoperative pain, with improvements in analgesic efficacy and safety. These data suggested that there existed the similar mechanisms of certain forms of epilepsy and pain, and the therapeutic mechanism of spinal cord stimulation for certain forms of epilepsy and pain may be involved in the melanocortinergic signaling, and the change in cerebral glucose metabolism. We hypothesized that pressure pain assessment may predict the outcome of spinal cord stimulation in refractory epilepsy.

有充分的证据表明,癫痫和疼痛是由神经元网络内的兴奋-抑制不平衡引起的。先前对临床试验数据的荟萃分析显示抗惊厥药物与特定疼痛类型(如多发性硬化症疼痛)之间存在关联。多个多中心随机对照试验表明,抗癫痫药物在治疗几种类型的疼痛中具有突出作用,例如神经性疼痛。许多抗惊厥药物已被引入,以更好地管理急性术后疼痛,改善了镇痛疗效和安全性。这些数据提示,某些形式的癫痫和疼痛存在相似的机制,脊髓刺激对某些形式的癫痫和疼痛的治疗机制可能涉及到黑素皮质能信号传导和脑葡萄糖代谢的改变。我们假设压力疼痛评估可以预测难治性癫痫患者脊髓刺激的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Treatment of multiple system atrophy - the past, present and future. 多系统萎缩的治疗——过去、现在和未来。
Haiyan Yu, Xiaoling Yuan, Lifeng Liu, Tian Wang, Dianrong Gong

Multiple system atrophy is a sporadic progressive degenerative disease which is characterized by multiple central nervous systems involved. So far, there is no effective medicine to cure MSA. The main research direction of treatment includes immunization transplantation and cytotherapy. Human umbilical cord blood is the residue of blood in the placenta and umbilical cord after fetal delivery. It is the most abundant cell bank and its usage is not limited to treat hematological diseases. The researches about hUCB-MNC treatment on MSA are increasing gradually. The potential of other MSC is also discussed. Lateral atlanto-occipital space puncture is an ingenious way created by Professor Dianrong Gong. More than 30 cases of MSA have been treated by this method with fine clinical effect and without serious complications. It indicates that stem cells treatment is a valid method for refractory nerve system diseases.

多系统萎缩是一种散发性进行性退行性疾病,其特征是涉及多个中枢神经系统。到目前为止,还没有有效的药物来治疗MSA。治疗的主要研究方向包括免疫移植和细胞治疗。人类脐带血是胎儿分娩后胎盘和脐带中的血液残留物。它是最丰富的细胞库,其用途不仅限于治疗血液病。关于hUCB-MNC治疗MSA的研究逐渐增多。还讨论了其他MSC的潜力。寰枕外侧间隙穿刺是龚殿荣教授独创的一种方法。该方法治疗MSA 30余例,临床效果良好,无严重并发症。这表明干细胞治疗是治疗难治性神经系统疾病的有效方法。
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引用次数: 0
Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells: origins and features. 肿瘤浸润调节性 T 细胞:起源与特征。
Pub Date : 2018-10-05 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01
Guoping Deng

Tumor cells evolve multiple sophisticated mechanisms to escape immune surveillance, one of which is to establish tolerogenic microenvironment by recruiting certain immune suppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Tregs are subpopulation of CD4+ T cells, which specialize in suppressing immune responses and preventing autoimmune damage to collateral tissue. Emerging evidence suggests that Treg cell number increases in various types of cancer, which correlates with tumor grade and poor patient prognosis. This review will focus on discussion of the origins and features of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells. Ultimately, these features may provide insight into potential therapeutic intervention by targeting Treg cells to invigorate immune response against tumor.

肿瘤细胞进化出多种复杂的机制来逃避免疫监视,其中之一就是通过招募某些免疫抑制细胞,如调节性 T 细胞(Tregs)和髓样衍生抑制细胞(MDSCs),来建立耐受性微环境。调节性 T 细胞是 CD4+ T 细胞的亚群,专门抑制免疫反应,防止自身免疫对附属组织造成损害。新的证据表明,Treg 细胞数量在各种类型的癌症中都会增加,这与肿瘤分级和患者预后不良有关。本综述将重点讨论肿瘤浸润 Treg 细胞的起源和特征。最终,这些特征可能会为针对 Treg 细胞的潜在治疗干预提供启示,从而激发针对肿瘤的免疫反应。
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引用次数: 0
Melanocortin-4 receptor in subthalamic nucleus is involved in the modulation of nociception. 丘脑下核黑素皮质素-4受体参与伤害感觉的调节。
Pub Date : 2018-08-20 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01
Dong-Ji Han, Zhi-Gang He, Hui Yang

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) stimulation produces significant improvement of overall pain related to Parkinson disease; however, the mechanisms underlying analgesic effects of STN-DBS are still unknown. This report describes direct neuroanatomical evidence for the central melanocortinergic-opioidergic circuits in the STN. We investigated melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-positive expression of the STN in MC4R-GFP transgenic mice using fluorescence immunohistochemical detection. Immunohistochemistry showed a large number of MC4R-GFP- and MOR-positive neurons within the STN region, and approximately 50% of MC4R-GFP-positive neurons coexpressed MOR. The results of this study showed direct neuroanatomical evidence for the central melanocortinergic-opioidergic signaling in the STN region. These findings contribute to the view of melanocortinergic-opioidergic circuits in the subthalamic nucleus as a reliable source of modulating of nociception with therapeutic potential for alleviating pain.

丘脑底核深部脑刺激(STN-DBS)刺激可显著改善帕金森病相关的整体疼痛;然而,STN-DBS镇痛作用的机制尚不清楚。本报告描述了STN中中枢黑素皮质能-阿片能回路的直接神经解剖学证据。采用荧光免疫组化方法研究了MC4R- gfp转基因小鼠中黑素皮质素-4受体(melanocortin-4 receptor, MC4R)和阿片受体(mua -opioid receptor, MOR) STN的阳性表达。免疫组化显示STN区有大量MC4R-GFP和MOR阳性神经元,约50%的MC4R-GFP阳性神经元共表达MOR。本研究结果为STN区域的中枢黑素皮质能-阿片能信号传导提供了直接的神经解剖学证据。这些发现有助于认为,丘脑下核中的黑素皮质能-阿片能回路是调节伤害感觉的可靠来源,具有减轻疼痛的治疗潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of allergic stimulation and glucocorticoids on miR-155 in CD4+ T-cells. 过敏刺激和糖皮质激素对CD4+T细胞中miR-155的影响。
Pub Date : 2018-08-20 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01
Elizabeth Daniel, Alanna Roff, Man-Hsun Hsu, Ronaldo Panganiban, Kristin Lambert, Faoud Ishmael

Rationale: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of allergic inflammation and potential therapeutic targets. We sought to identify which miRNAs are expressed in CD4+ T-cells and determine whether allergic stimuli or glucocorticoids alter their expression.

Methods: After IRB approval, blood was collected from dust mite (DM) allergic rhinitis subjects (n=20), non-allergic controls (n=8), and asthmatics (n=16). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with dust mite extract (DME), diluent control, or DME + dexamethasone (0.1 µM). CD4+ T-cells were collected by magnetic bead column, and RNA was isolated by guanidinium/phenol-chloroform extraction. MicroRNA expression was measured using Nanostring microarray and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR).

Results: We identified 196 miRNAs that were stably expressed in circulating CD4+ T-cells. Allergen stimulation of CD4+ T-cells with DME differentially induced miR-155 expression in cells of DM-allergic subjects as compared to non-allergic subjects. Induction of miR-155 expression was also observed with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 simulation and phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate (PMA) treatment, and further augmented by calcium inophore and bromocyclic AMP in the latter treatment. The level of miR-155 expression was positively associated with expression of the TH2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. Inhibition of miR-155 in Jurkat T-cells inhibited the production of these cytokines. Glucocorticoids attenuated the effects of dust mite allergen, raising the possibility that inhibition of this miRNA could be a mechanism through which glucocorticoids exhibit their anti-inflammatory effects. The CD4+ T-cells had a higher level of miR-155 expression in asthma compared to in allergic rhinitis and non-asthmatics. The inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on CD4+ T-cell miR-155 expression were lost in severe asthmatics.

Conclusion: Mir-155 is differentially expressed in allergic T-cells exposed to DM extract compared to in non-allergic cells and it is inhibited by glucocorticoids. MiR-155 may play a role in mediating allergic inflammation in T-cells and could be an anti-inflammatory target of steroids. This pathway may be de-regulated in severe asthma.

理由:微小RNA(miRNA)正在成为过敏性炎症的重要调节因子和潜在的治疗靶点。我们试图确定哪些miRNA在CD4+T细胞中表达,并确定过敏刺激或糖皮质激素是否改变了它们的表达。方法:在IRB批准后,从尘螨(DM)过敏性鼻炎受试者(n=20)、非过敏性对照者(n=8)和哮喘患者(n=16)中采集血液。外周血单核细胞与尘螨提取物(DME)、稀释剂对照或DME+地塞米松(0.1µM)一起孵育。通过磁珠柱收集CD4+T细胞,并通过胍/苯酚-氯仿提取分离RNA。结果:我们鉴定出196个miRNA在循环CD4+T细胞中稳定表达。与非过敏性受试者相比,用DME刺激CD4+T细胞的过敏原在DM过敏受试者的细胞中差异诱导miR-155表达。用抗CD3/抗CD28模拟和佛波醇-12-嘧啶酸盐13-乙酸酯(PMA)处理也观察到miR-155表达的诱导,并在后一种处理中通过无孔钙和溴环AMP进一步增强。miR-155的表达水平与TH2细胞因子IL-5和IL-13的表达呈正相关。Jurkat T细胞中miR-155的抑制抑制了这些细胞因子的产生。糖皮质激素减弱了尘螨过敏原的作用,增加了抑制这种miRNA可能是糖皮质激素发挥抗炎作用的机制的可能性。CD4+T细胞在哮喘中的miR-155表达水平高于过敏性鼻炎和非哮喘患者。糖皮质激素对CD4+T细胞miR-155表达的抑制作用在严重哮喘患者中消失。结论:Mir-155在暴露于DM提取物的过敏性T细胞中与非过敏性细胞相比有差异表达,并且受到糖皮质激素的抑制。MiR-155可能在介导T细胞的过敏性炎症中发挥作用,并且可能是类固醇的抗炎靶点。这种途径可能在严重哮喘中被解除调节。
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引用次数: 0
Induction therapy downregulates the expression of Th17/Tfh cytokines in patients with active lupus nephritis. 诱导治疗下调活动性狼疮性肾炎患者Th17/Tfh细胞因子的表达。
Pub Date : 2018-08-20 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01
Na Wang, Congcong Gao, Siwan Cui, Yilu Qin, Chunyi Zhang, Peiwen Yi, Xueqi Di, Shengyun Liu, Tianfang Li, Guanmin Gao, Zhaohui Zheng

To determine the potential changes of IL-6, IL-17A and IL-21 levels during induction therapy, and to assess their relationship with disease activity and immunologic features on patients with active lupus nephritis, twenty-eight patients treated with corticosteroid and immunosuppressants were included in this study. Demographic, clinical, serological data and disease activity were assessed. Blood samples were collected at week 0, 12 and 24, and serum concentrations of IL-17A, IL-6 and IL-21 were measured by cytometric bead array. The serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-17A and IL-21 (P<0.001, P<0.01, P=0.001, respectively) decreased progressively during induction therapy. Concentration of IL-6, IL-17A and IL-21 was higher in non-remission group than that in remission group. A positive correlation was established between the concentration of these cytokines and the severity of proteinuria (P<0.001, P=0.020, P=0.045, respectively), ESR (P<0.001), SLEDAI scores (P<0.05), and ANA titers (P=0.018, P=0.048, P<0.05, respectively). Additionally, ROC curve analysis for IL-6, IL-17A and IL-21 was performed to predict the disease activity. The optimal cutoff level was 5.78 pg/ml, 1.98 pg/ml and 8.59 pg/ml, with AUC=0.809, 0.735 and 0.786. The concentration of IL-6 and IL-21 may be regarded as an indicator for the remission of active lupus nephritis, with cutoff value of 9.12 pg/ml and 11.30 pg/ml, while AUC=0.930 and 0.896. The production of serum IL-6, IL-17A and IL-21 in active LN was dramatically declined during induction therapy, which may improve disease activity while delay disease progression of LN.

为了确定诱导治疗期间IL-6、IL-17A和IL-21水平的潜在变化,并评估其与活动性和活动性免疫特征的关系,本研究纳入了28例接受皮质类固醇和免疫抑制剂治疗的狼疮肾炎患者。对人口统计学、临床、血清学资料和疾病活动度进行评估。于第0、12、24周采集血样,采用细胞头阵列法测定血清中IL-17A、IL-6、IL-21的浓度。血清IL-6、IL-17A和IL-21浓度在诱导治疗期间逐渐降低(PPP=0.001)。非缓解组IL-6、IL-17A、IL-21浓度高于缓解组。这些细胞因子的浓度与蛋白尿严重程度(PP=0.020, P=0.045)、ESR (PPP=0.018, P=0.048, P=0.045)呈正相关
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引用次数: 0
The effect of icariin on immunity and its potential application. icariin对免疫的影响及其潜在应用。
Rong Shen, Ju-Hua Wang

Icariin (ICA) is a major bioactive monomer belonging to flavonoid glycosides attracted from Epimedium, being a classic tonic agent in traditional Chinese medicine. ICA commonly presents multiple effects such as regulating sex hormones, relieving atherosclerosis and antioxidant activity, etc. Recently, more and more studies have demonstrated the application of ICA in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus due to its anti-inflammatory. Additionally, ICA also has the anti-tumor activities. Multiple targets and mechanisms of ICA are reported which relates to regulate lymphocytes balance, anti-inflammatory/inflammatory cytokines, signal pathways like NF-kappaβ and Erk-p38-JNK, lymphocyte transcription factors and other targets such as TLRs, STAT and PTEN, etc. In this review, we have updated the advance in this field and these studies have suggested that ICA has a potential to treat immunological and inflammatory diseases.

Icariin(ICA)是从淫羊藿中提取的一种主要的黄酮苷类生物活性单体,是中药中的经典滋补剂。ICA通常具有调节性激素、缓解动脉粥样硬化和抗氧化活性等多种作用。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,ICA具有抗炎作用,可应用于类风湿性关节炎、支气管哮喘、多发性硬化症和系统性红斑狼疮等自身免疫性疾病。此外,ICA还具有抗肿瘤活性。ICA的多个靶点和机制已被报道,涉及调节淋巴细胞平衡、抗炎/炎症细胞因子、信号通路如NF-κβ和Erk-p38-JNK、淋巴细胞转录因子和其他靶点如TLRs、STAT和PTEN等,我们已经更新了该领域的进展,这些研究表明ICA具有治疗免疫和炎症疾病的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
American journal of clinical and experimental immunology
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