American journal of clinical and experimental immunology最新文献

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic condition and affects peoples at all ages. Seizure clusters are generally referred to seizures that occur at close intervals with complete recovery between attacks. Various studies have reported a variety of frequencies and risk factors for this condition.

Method: We designed a study to determine the frequency of seizure cluster and to determine neuroimaging findings in these patients and also to evaluate the Correlation between Cluster Seizures and Findings of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Drug Refractory Epilepsy patients.

Results: After analyzing data from 568 refractory epilepsy patients, we found that the prevalence of cluster seizure variant is 14.43%. 29.26% of patients with a history of cluster seizure had no obvious abnormal MRI findings whereas 14.40 % of patients without history of cluster seizure had no obvious abnormal MRI findings (P-value <0.05). Compared to Drug Refractory Epilepsy patients without history of seizure clusters, patients with a history of seizure clusters had less abnormal MRI findings, less Mesial Temporal Sclerosis, and more Focal Cortical Dysplasia in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (p value <0.05).

Conclusions: Seizure cluster has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of patients. According to results of this study it seems that brain MRI findings of drug refractory epilepsy patients with a history of seizure clusters are different from brain MRI findings of drug refractory epilepsy patients without a history of seizure clusters. mesial temporal sclerosis is less frequent and focal cortical dysplasia is more frequent in brain MRI of drug refractory epilepsy patients with a history of seizure clusters compared to drug refractory epilepsy patients without a history of seizure clusters.

Background: Recently, the use of posterior mucus flap has been introduced as a new technique for DCR, which has had a great success, as well as bone overlapping and minimal postoperative obstruction. Considering the need for these flaps to have a very good success, the purpose of this study was to examine the DCR endoscopic method using mucosal flaps for double-sided overlapping (as a new flap).

Methods: In this clinical trial study, 60 patients undergoing DCR endoscopy referring to Amin and Al-Zahra hospitals during 1396 to 1398 entered the study. Patients were divided into two groups, which included endoscopic DCR by using mucosal flaps for double-sided and non-flip overlapping. The success rate of surgery, postoperative pain and its complications were studied in two groups.

Results: Among the complications observed after surgery, hematoma (6.7 in each group), bleeding (3.3% in each group) and nasal secretion (10% in the intervention group and 6.7% in the control group) were observed. No tear and obstruction of tear ducts were seen in the two groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups based on the complications of postoperative pain and the success rate of surgery (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Using the double-sided overlapping flap method, the results of the same operation were similar to using the non-flap method. Therefore, the use of both endoscopic DCR techniques with two-way overlapping flap and without using it were two effective methods with limited complications.

Virus-specific T cell-mediated immunity is severely impaired in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients. HBV-specific T cells in chronic HBV patients show a low ability to produce cytokines and to exert their cytotoxic activity. A prominent characteristic of these exhausted T cells is overexpression of inhibitory receptor molecules which negatively regulate T cell function. In this study, we examined in vitro regulation of two inhibitory receptor expressions, programmed death 1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy individuals were in vitro stimulated with a panel of cytokines. PD-1 and TIM-3 expression levels on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells were examined at days 2 and 7 post stimulation. We demonstrated that PD-1 and TIM-3 were induced via polyclonal (anti-CD3) and cytokine (interleukin 15 [IL-15]) stimulations. Noteworthy, there was a significantly increased induction of TIM-3 on CD8⁺ T cells as compared to CD4⁺ T cells. Our study thus contributes to further understanding the regulation of T cell exhaustion markers PD-1 and TIM-3.

Background: Core needle biopsy (CNB) method is a common method and a gold standard for the diagnosis of breast lesions. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of visual inspection of ultrasound guided biopsy specimens with pathologic outcomes in patients with breast lesions.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive was conducted on 600 patients with breast lesions who were candidates for ultrasonography with CNB were entered into the study. Then, patients underwent sonography with needle biopsy, in a sample taken by The radiologist classifies the breast mass according to its consistency and shape based on observation to the malignant or benign, as well as the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System or Mass BIRADs. visual inspection results were compared with the CNB pathology of patients.

Results: In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of the lesion were 97.48% and 94.10%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values of this test were 85.64% and 99.05%, respectively.

Conclusion: Given that the sensitivity and specificity of the biopsy lesions to detect the type of mass was higher than the pathology of the sample, it can be ensured that the biopsy of breast lesions, especially in sizes less than 10 mm in time Increased the biopsy and reduced the number of cores taken from the lesion.

B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases of central nervous system (CNS) put a heavy burden on different aspects of society and economy. Taken together, there are different types of autoimmune diseases in which B-cells play an important role and affect CNS in a pattern of inflammation. These diseases have some similarities in clinical presentations and radiological findings and some similarities with other diseases in different aspects such as treatments with each disease having its own characteristics. In this review article, we had a survey on some different types of B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases of CNS and explained how they can be distinguished from each other and how distinct they are according to radiological findings. The aim of this study is to distinguish B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases of CNS from other non-B-cell diseases in order to choose the best anti-B-cell treatments. At the end of this article we briefly explain different types of treatments being utilized and the role of corticosteroids in acute phases of different diseases.

Background: Considering the importance of the repairing time in patients with biliary duct injury, the aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patents with bile duct injury following cholecystectomy.

Methods: In this cross sectional study that was conducted on 64 patients with bile duct injury following cholecystectomy was referred to Shafa hospital in Tehran-Iran during 2010-2019 due to repair of biliary duct. Then patients were divided into two groups based on early and late referring time after bile duct injury, the postoperative outcomes were evaluated in two groups.

Results: The alanine transaminase (ALT) and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the late group were significantly higher than the early group. There were significant differences between the two groups based on the results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) (P < 0.05). The frequency of bile duct dilatation, cholangitis and itching in late group were significantly higher than early group, also the frequency of uncomplicated outcome in the early group were significantly more than late group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The postoperative complication of biliary duct injury reduced, if patients diagnosed and referred at the same early stages (early referral).

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common complication that patients referred to dermatologist, also there are medications to manage of this such as isotretinoin, and incidence of low back pain in these patients is more than general population, so in this study we aimed to evaluate of Incidence of low back pain and sacroiliitis in military families with acne vulgaris under isotretinoin therapy.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 113 acne vulgaris patients treated with isotretinoin (at least 3 months) referred to dermatology clinic of Imam Reza Hospital of Army Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran during 2018 to 2019. All data of patients such as dosage and duration of medication, severity of acne, incidence of low back pain, sacroiliitis and inflammatory back pain and lab data were recorded.

Results: 54% of patients had lethargy, 41.6% had myalgia and 46.9% had low back pain. Of the patients with low back pain, 54.7% had inflammatory low back pain and 45.3% had mechanical low back pain. 29 cases had inflammatory low back pain, 5 cases had sacroiliitis and one case had positive RF, the means of ESR, CRP and ANA were 19.01 ± 12.74 Mm/hr, 3.43 ± 1.27 Mg/litr and 1.31 ± 0.90, respectively.

Conclusion: In patients with acne vulgaris under isotretinoin therapy much attention must be given regarding to sacroiliitis and rheumatoid diseases especially when symptoms such as low back pain are present.

The aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of Piper betle L. leaf extract on inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus in conjunctivitis patient. This study follows a post-test only group experimental design. Antibacterial activities of five Piper betle L. extract concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%) against Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated by agar well diffusion method. The negative control group (P-) was treated with standard 10% DMSO solution, the positive control group (P+) with ceftriaxone. The diameters of clear zone surrounding the well were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and showed that in between 1% and 1.5%; 1.5% and 2%; 2% and 2.5%; 2.5% and 3% concentrations do not show a significant difference but in between 0.5% and 1%; 0.5% and 1.5%; 0.5% and 2%; 0.5% and 2.5%; 0.5% and 3%; 1% and 2%; 1% and 2.5%; 1% and 3%; 1.5% and 2.5%; 1.5% and 3%; 2% and 3% concentrations, Piper betle L. leaf extract shows a significant difference on inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion the results obtained show that that Piper betle L. leaf extract has a significant potential use as an antibacterial agent.

Selective IgM Deficiency (SIgMD) is a recently incorporated disorder in the classification of primary immunodeficiency diseases. The purpose of this study was to present detailed clinical and immunological features in a cohort of 62 adult patients with SIgMD. A retrospective chart review of 62 patients between 2009 and 2017 with a diagnosis of SIgMD was performed for clinical and immunological features, and response to immunoglobulin therapy in symptomatic patients who also exhibited specific antibody deficiency. The majority of patients presented with recurrent and chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections (73%), most often with recurrent sinusitis (29%), bronchitis (33%), pneumonia (21%), and recurrent urinary tract infections (16%). Forty three percent of patients had associated autoimmune diseases including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Approximately 35% of patients had atopic diseases, including allergic rhinitis and asthma. CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD19+ B cells were normal in the majority of patients. IgG subclass deficiency was observed in approximately 22% of cases. Forty seven percent of patients exhibited specific anti-pneumococcal antibody deficiency. The six most common pneumococcal serotypes that were impaired in majority (>70%) of subjects included 3, 4, 9V, 9N, 12F, 23F. Eighteen (66%) of 27 patients with specific antibody deficiency received immunoglobulin therapy and almost all subjects responded to immunoglobulin therapy by decreased frequency of infections. No correlation was observed in immunological features, clinical manifestations, or response to therapy with serum IgM levels.

Introduction: Fingolimod is an immunomodulating oral treatment used for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The exact mechanism for its action in preventing relapses is unknown. Also, its affect on immune cell populations remains unestablished.

Objectives: This study will measure the changes in cell populations of WBCs, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in MS patients after one month of treatment.

Methods: 66 MS patients from Isfahan Province with RRMS were chosen based on certain exclusion criteria and eligibility for fingolimod oral treatment. Initial cell counts for WBC, lymphocyte, and neutrophil cell populations were achieved. Fingolimod .5 mg daily treatment was then initiated under the supervision of a physician. After one month of treatment, cell counts were repeated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.

Results: Both lymphocyte and WBC mean cell counts were significantly decreased in this patient cohort. Neutrophil average cell counts were significantly increased in this 66 patient cohort. Only the decrease of WBC populations was significant for both male and female cohorts individually. Only female sub-cohorts were significantly changed for neutrophils and lymphocytes, increased and decreased respectively. Male sub-cohorts maintained the same directionality but failed to produce statistical significance.

Conclusion: While fingolimod has been effectively proven as reducing lymphocyte cells in most patient populations, its effects on neutrophils have not been studied in abundance. Also, there may be sex-related differences in responses to fingolimod treatment with regards to lymphocytes and neutrophils, suggesting a possible difference in RRMS pathogenesis between males and females.