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Credit Financing and Agricultural Development in Nigeria 尼日利亚的信贷融资和农业发展
Pub Date : 2023-10-08 DOI: 10.14738/abr.1110.15172
K. A. Saka, M. A. Akinde, A. R. Afolabi
This study investigates the short-run dynamics and long-run link between credit financing offered by Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) and agricultural development in Nigeria for a period of 1981 to 2020. A quantitative ex-post facto research design was employed to analyze bank credit impact on agricultural advancement at both aggregate and sub-sectoral agricultural production. The research strategy utilized allows the use of economic series obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2021) and World Bank Development Indicators (2021) to be analyzed by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation technique. From ARDL estimations, it is indicated that DMBs loans and advances have significantly negative short-run impacts on agricultural development in Nigeria at both aggregate and sub-sector levels. However, Bounds Testing analysis shows that the impacts of DMBs financing on Nigeria agriculture sector and labour employment in the sector become positively significant over a long period at aggregate level and for crop production only as a sub-sector. But the observed positive long-run impact of DMBs lending to agriculture was not significant for advancement of other sub-sectors (livestock, fishing and forestry). Hence, the study affirms that in the short run DMBs lending significantly slow down agricultural development in Nigeria but increases it significantly in the long run. The study recommends that there is need for agricultural policy makers and governments in Nigeria to develop appropriate specific agricultural financing mechanism that can aid performance of agricultural sector in the short-run and maintain long-run positive gains in the sector.
本研究调查了1981年至2020年期间尼日利亚存款货币银行(dmb)提供的信贷融资与农业发展之间的短期动态和长期联系。采用定量的事后研究设计来分析银行信贷对农业生产总量和分部门农业生产的影响。所采用的研究策略允许使用从尼日利亚中央银行统计公报(2021年)和世界银行发展指标(2021年)获得的经济序列,通过自回归分布滞后(ARDL)估计技术进行分析。从ARDL的估计来看,dmb的贷款和预付款在总体和分部门层面对尼日利亚的农业发展产生了显著的短期负面影响。然而,边界测试分析表明,在很长一段时间内,dmb融资对尼日利亚农业部门和该部门的劳动力就业的影响在总体水平上变得积极显著,而作物生产仅作为一个子部门。但是,已观察到的多边开发银行对农业贷款的积极长期影响对其他分部门(畜牧业、渔业和林业)的发展并不显著。因此,该研究证实,从短期来看,dmb贷款显著减缓了尼日利亚的农业发展,但从长期来看,却显著促进了农业发展。该研究建议,尼日利亚的农业决策者和政府需要制定适当的具体农业融资机制,以帮助农业部门在短期内取得业绩,并保持该部门的长期积极收益。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainability of GUINÉ-BISSAU-Application of the action of Standards ISO 9001, 14001, 26000 and 45001 GUINÉ-BISSAU-Application的可持续性标准ISO 9001, 14001, 26000和45001的行动
Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.14738/abr.119.15580
Amândio Pereira Baía, Carla Correia Silva
Sustainability represents one of the greatest challenges of the millennium. Many countries have already implemented ISO standards on Management, Quality, Environment and Occupational Safety and Health systems. In Guinea-Bissau, the poor quality of management, forest deforestation, the extinction of several species of fauna and flora, the difficulties of collecting and treating waste, the non-compliance by companies with occupational safety and health standards, and the lack of business ethics in the process of operationalizing the activities of companies, aroused the interest in showing the relevance of the implementation of ISO standards - Quality Management (9001), Environment (14001), Safety and Health at Work (45001) and Social Responsibility (26000) in this country. The implementation of ISO standards in Guinea-Bissau will oblige organizations to comply with quality standards that will contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of Guineans and the sustainability of the planet.
可持续发展是本世纪最大的挑战之一。许多国家已经在管理、质量、环境和职业安全卫生体系方面实施了ISO标准。在几内亚比绍,管理质量差、森林砍伐、几种动植物物种灭绝、收集和处理废物困难、公司不遵守职业安全和健康标准以及在公司开展活动的过程中缺乏商业道德,这些都引起了人们对展示执行ISO标准的相关性的兴趣,这些标准包括质量管理(9001)、环境(14001)、工作安全与健康(45001)和社会责任(26000)。在几内亚比绍实施ISO标准将迫使各组织遵守质量标准,这将有助于提高几内亚比绍人的生活质量和地球的可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the Relationships among Consumers' Health Perception, Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions in Vegetable Restaurants 蔬菜馆消费者健康知觉、满意度与行为意向之关系研究
Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.14738/abr.119.15547
Ai-Shih Yang
The study examined the relationships among consumers' health perception, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in vegetable restaurants. Questionnaire investigation was performed and 281 copies were received. The data was analyzed through multiple regression analysis. The result revealed that: (1) "Dietary Control" and "Novel Flavors" in customers’ health perception have significant impacts on satisfaction, and (2) customer satisfaction positively influence on behavioral intentions. "Dietary Control," especially when considering its impact on various aspects of customer satisfaction, underscores the significance of health-related factors in shaping customer experiences and perceptions. We recommend future research exploring the correlation between health perception and food and agricultural education, all while promoting healthier and more sustainable lifestyles.
本研究考察了蔬菜餐厅消费者健康知觉、顾客满意度和行为意向之间的关系。进行问卷调查,共收到281份。对数据进行多元回归分析。结果表明:(1)顾客健康感知中的“饮食控制”和“新口味”对满意度有显著影响;(2)顾客满意度对行为意向有正向影响。“饮食控制”,特别是考虑到它对客户满意度的各个方面的影响时,强调了与健康相关的因素在塑造客户体验和感知方面的重要性。我们建议未来的研究探索健康观念与食品和农业教育之间的关系,同时促进更健康和更可持续的生活方式。
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引用次数: 0
Applied Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Adoption/Avoidance in Public Relations: A Proposed Applied Optimal Macroeconomic Policy Model and Examination 公共关系中应用人工智能、大数据的采用/回避:一种应用最优宏观经济政策模型及检验
Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.14738/abr.119.15566
Reza G Hamzaee, Maryam Salimi
The advantages and critical challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in cost savings, extreme speed, accuracy, and machine learning to take over some human’s less precise performances, all and all, have come into some pronounced stressful and reasonable ambitions as well as fears of the conflicts with the potential as well as some actual damages that AI has imposed and can further impose on society in an enormous number of major events of our lives. Both the topic and the corresponding controversies are appalling. The authors analyze AI through its implications and their own developed applied VAR theoretical model in economic policy and public relations, where massive data are possible to be compiled, labeled, and categorized into segments, and inserted into their proposed VAR econometric model, and Impulse Response Functions, rendering some statistically significant results.
人工智能(AI)在节省成本、极高速度、准确性和机器学习方面的优势和关键挑战,以及取代人类一些不太精确的表现,所有这一切,都带来了一些明显的压力和合理的野心,以及对人工智能在我们生活的大量重大事件中所造成的潜在冲突和一些实际损害的恐惧。这个话题和相应的争议都令人震惊。作者通过人工智能的影响和他们自己开发的在经济政策和公共关系中应用的VAR理论模型来分析人工智能,在这些理论模型中,大量数据可以被汇编、标记和分类,并插入他们提出的VAR计量经济模型和脉冲响应函数中,得出一些统计上显著的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Superior Performance Competencies Achieved Through Destination Imagination Experiences 通过目的地想象体验获得卓越的表现能力
Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.14738/abr.119.15542
James G Ward, Yaprak Dalat Ward, Johnny Wells, Kimberly Bejot
Today’s workforce not only requires specific content-area knowledge and skills achieved through formal education but also, and most critically, superior performance competencies including distinguishable behaviors. While formal education prioritizes easily detectable and measurable content-specific knowledge and skills, superior performance competencies such as cognitive, affective, and motivational skills remain secondary unless students engage in extracurricular activities in real-world settings. This qualitative study investigated the phenomenon of achieving an array of superior performance competencies through learning by doing, at one of the 2023 Destination Imagination events. This study marked the first fieldwork in which the principal researcher directly observed the event in its natural setting. Data were collected, analyzed, and interpreted concurrently during the event by means of observations, ordinary conversations, and an informal interview. The inductive data analysis included analytic memos, and midway hypothesis coding which confirmed the significance of immersing in such activities and resulted in two major findings: 1) participating in such meaningful real-world activities cultivates distinctive behaviors that drive exceptional performance, positioning participants to stand out among their peers; and 2) this involvement also equips students with the capabilities to excel upon entering the workforce, ensuring superior employee performance in their roles.
今天的劳动力不仅需要通过正规教育获得特定的内容领域知识和技能,而且最重要的是,需要卓越的绩效能力,包括可区分的行为。虽然正规教育优先考虑易于检测和测量的特定内容的知识和技能,但优异的表现能力,如认知、情感和激励技能仍然是次要的,除非学生在现实世界中参与课外活动。这项定性研究调查了在2023目的地想象活动之一中,通过在实践中学习获得一系列卓越绩效能力的现象。这项研究标志着首席研究员在自然环境中直接观察事件的第一次实地考察。在活动期间,通过观察、普通谈话和非正式访谈的方式同时收集、分析和解释数据。归纳数据分析包括分析备忘录和中间假设编码,证实了沉浸在这些活动中的重要性,并得出两个主要发现:1)参与这些有意义的现实世界活动培养了独特的行为,推动了卓越的表现,使参与者在同龄人中脱颖而出;2)这种参与也使学生在进入劳动力市场时具备卓越的能力,确保员工在他们的角色中表现出色。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Age and Level of Income on Income Tax Compliance Among Small and Medium Enterprises in Soroti District, Uganda 年龄和收入水平对乌干达Soroti地区中小企业所得税纳税的影响
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.14738/abr.119.15329
Isaac Peter Otai, Fredrick W S Ndede, Warui Waweru Fredrick
This study, investigated whether or not there is a relationship between age, level of income and income tax compliance among Small and Medium Enterprises in Soroti district in Uganda. The objectives of the study were to; find out the relationship between age of owner/manager on income tax compliance and to determine the relationship between level of income on income tax compliance by Small and Medium Enterprises in Soroti District, Uganda. A sample of 384 respondents was selected from a population of 2590 owners/managers of small and medium firms using stratified random sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data which were coded into Statistical Package for Social Scientists for descriptive analysis. One way Analysis of Variance as well as correlation and logistic regression were carried out. The study findings were that; age of owner manager of the firms have a significant relationship with income tax compliance by the firms. However, the level of income was found not to have a relationship with income tax compliance among the firms. The study concluded that, differences in age significantly explain income tax compliance decisions of owners/managers.
本研究调查了乌干达Soroti地区中小企业的年龄、收入水平和所得税合规性之间是否存在关系。这项研究的目的是;找出业主/经理年龄与所得税合规的关系,确定乌干达Soroti区中小企业收入水平与所得税合规的关系。采用分层随机抽样技术,从2590名中小企业所有者/经理中选取了384名受访者。使用半结构化问卷收集原始数据,并将其编码为社会科学家统计包进行描述性分析。进行了单向方差分析、相关回归和逻辑回归。研究结果是;企业业主经理年龄与企业所得税合规性有显著关系。然而,我们发现收入水平与企业的所得税合规性没有关系。研究得出结论,年龄差异显著解释了业主/经理的所得税合规决策。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Communication Management Within the Virtual Team in an International Projects-Based Organisation 沟通管理在国际项目组织中虚拟团队中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.14738/abr.119.15534
Omolara Abdul, Eugene Kozlovski
This paper examines the practice of communication management within the different geographically spread virtual teams in the attainment of project goals in a cost-effective manner. The panel research has been carried out in UK companies working in collaboration with virtual teams from Africa. Data for the research was collected through a face-to-face interview with 6 participants from a different organisation that has an internationally spread workforce; this research concentrates on examining how the practice of communication management can lead to a successful project, this study adds together different approaches to a joint strategy. The aim of this research is to examine the practice of communication management within virtual teams and by looking at how communication is managed within projects. Then, this can help to deduce the best practice of communication that convey success to projects within virtual teams. The finding from the participants confirmed that communication management is vital to achieving timely successful results within a project. However, they identified some communication challenges, but it is clear that a plan for managing communication is missing. Additionally, virtual communication is more effective when there is occasional face-to-face communication.
本文考察了不同地理分布的虚拟团队中沟通管理的实践,以经济有效的方式实现项目目标。该小组研究是在英国公司与来自非洲的虚拟团队合作中进行的。该研究的数据是通过对来自不同组织的6名参与者的面对面访谈收集的,该组织拥有遍布全球的员工队伍;本研究的重点是研究沟通管理的实践如何导致一个成功的项目,本研究将不同的方法结合在一起,形成一个共同的战略。本研究的目的是研究虚拟团队中沟通管理的实践,并研究如何在项目中管理沟通。然后,这可以帮助推断出在虚拟团队中向项目传达成功的最佳沟通实践。参与者的发现证实了沟通管理对于在项目中取得及时成功的结果至关重要。然而,他们发现了一些沟通方面的挑战,但很明显,缺乏管理沟通的计划。此外,当偶尔有面对面的交流时,虚拟交流更有效。
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引用次数: 0
Competitive Advantage Based on the Resources of E-Commerce Platforms in Vietnam 基于越南电子商务平台资源的竞争优势研究
Pub Date : 2023-09-24 DOI: 10.14738/abr.119.15512
Nguyen Thi Thu Huong, Nguyen Thuy Dung
With the growing socio-economic environment, the industrial revolution 4.0 appears in all areas of life. In Vietnam, buying and selling on e-commerce platforms is growing. This creates increasingly fierce competition among businesses in this industry. The study aims to explore the competitive strategies of e-commerce platforms in Vietnam today. The article uses the expert interview method combined with the document research method to analyze how to create a competitive advantage based on the resources of e-commerce platforms in Vietnam, such as Shopee, TikTok Shop, Lazada, Tiki, and Sendo. Research shows that successful e-commerce platforms all try to focus on creating advantages from valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resources, in which human resources, finance, and customer data play an essential role. From the research results, the article makes recommendations for the remaining enterprises in the industry to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in their own "home turf."
随着社会经济环境的不断发展,工业革命4.0出现在生活的各个领域。在越南,电子商务平台上的买卖正在增长。这使得这个行业的企业之间的竞争越来越激烈。本研究旨在探讨当今越南电子商务平台的竞争策略。本文采用专家访谈法结合文献研究法,分析如何利用越南Shopee、TikTok Shop、Lazada、Tiki、Sendo等电商平台的资源,创造竞争优势。研究表明,成功的电子商务平台都试图从有价值的、稀有的、不可模仿的、不可替代的资源中创造优势,其中人力资源、财务和客户数据起着至关重要的作用。根据研究结果,本文为行业内的剩余企业在自己的“主场”获得可持续的竞争优势提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
Economic Impact and Coping Mechanisms of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (S.M.E.s) in Nigeria during Currency Redesign 货币重新设计对尼日利亚中小企业的经济影响及应对机制
Pub Date : 2023-09-24 DOI: 10.14738/abr.119.15500
Olufemi Aladejebi, Johnson Abiodun Oladimeji, Amao-Taiwo Bukola
On October 26, 2022, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) introduced a redesign of the N1, 000, N500, and N200 Naira currency notes to promote a cashless economy. Despite the well-intentioned government initiative, this policy posed significant challenges to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria, resulting in decreased sales and productivity. This study aims to assess the impact of the currency redesign on small business performance, gauge awareness and preparedness among SMEs regarding the redesign, explore coping mechanisms employed by SMEs during the currency overhaul in Lagos, Nigeria, and propose enhancements for future currency redesign strategies. Utilizing a structured online questionnaire, primary data was collected from 310 SMEs in the Yaba/Ojuelegba region of Lagos, Nigeria, employing a stratified random sampling technique. Both SPSS and Excel were utilized for data analysis. The findings indicated a considerable awareness of the currency redesign among business owners, yet inadequate preparedness due to limited resources and information. The currency redesign had a negative impact on SMEs, particularly in terms of decreased sales, but had little impact on workforce reductions. Price adjustments and better terms with suppliers were among the coping strategies, with point of sale (P.O.S.) machines emerging as the primary alternative payment method. Increased publicity, extended implementation periods, ample new currency supply, harmonized policies across government branches, alignment of monetary and fiscal policies, and increased implementation flexibility are among the recommendations for improved future implementations.
2022年10月26日,尼日利亚中央银行(CBN)重新设计了n1000、N500和N200奈拉纸币,以促进无现金经济。尽管政府的初衷是好的,但这一政策对尼日利亚的中小企业(SMEs)构成了重大挑战,导致销售额和生产率下降。本研究旨在评估货币重新设计对小企业绩效的影响,衡量中小企业对货币重新设计的认识和准备情况,探讨尼日利亚拉各斯货币改革期间中小企业采用的应对机制,并为未来的货币重新设计策略提出改进措施。利用结构化在线问卷,采用分层随机抽样技术,从尼日利亚拉各斯的Yaba/Ojuelegba地区的310家中小企业收集了原始数据。使用SPSS和Excel进行数据分析。调查结果表明,企业主对货币重新设计有相当程度的认识,但由于资源和信息有限,准备不足。货币重新设计对中小企业产生了负面影响,特别是在销售额下降方面,但对裁员几乎没有影响。价格调整和与供应商达成更好的条款是应对策略之一,销售点(pos)机器成为主要的替代支付方式。加强宣传、延长实施期限、充足的新货币供应、协调政府部门之间的政策、协调货币和财政政策以及提高实施灵活性是改进未来实施的建议之一。
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引用次数: 0
Social Responsibility and Hospitality: Strengthening Tourism on the Costa da Mata Atlântica/Brazil 社会责任和热情好客:加强哥斯达黎加/巴西马塔海岸的旅游业
Pub Date : 2023-09-24 DOI: 10.14738/abr.119.15533
Hamilton Pozo, Thames Richard Silva, Fábio Emmerich Souza-Mossini, Denise Durante, Luciana Maria Guimarães
This study aims to expand the analysis of and initiatives in implementing social responsibility in hospitality and tourism. To this end, a theoretical scenario of the specific nature of social responsibility and hospitality was configured to understand what shapes organizations' decision-making factors regarding market principles. Social responsibility, often confused with philanthropy, has become of utmost importance for organizations given the present context of global climate change and the search for sustainability. Hospitality is a differentiating factor and competitive advantage for companies seeking to maintain a strong market position. The methodological approach adopted was a case study based on two data sources: a literature review and other empirical qualitative and quantitative studies. That resulted in a research tool applied to eight Costa da Mata Atlântica, Brazil tourism organizations. The results reveal beliefs and values that influence these organizations' increased involvement and interaction in tourism. The findings have implications primarily for strengthening tourism in the Costa da Mata Atlântica and supporting the development of a management framework for the organizations surveyed.
本研究旨在扩大对酒店和旅游业社会责任实施的分析和倡议。为此,对社会责任和待客之道的具体性质设置了一个理论情景,以了解是什么影响了组织在市场原则方面的决策因素。社会责任常常与慈善混淆,但在当前全球气候变化和寻求可持续发展的背景下,社会责任对组织来说已经变得至关重要。对于寻求保持强大市场地位的公司来说,热情好客是一种差异化因素和竞争优势。采用的方法是基于两个数据来源的案例研究:文献综述和其他经验定性和定量研究。这就产生了一个研究工具,应用于巴西亚特兰大的八家旅游组织。研究结果揭示了影响这些组织在旅游业中更多参与和互动的信念和价值观。调查结果主要对加强哥斯达黎加的旅游业和支持为接受调查的组织制定管理框架具有影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Archives of business research
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