Computers in human behavior reports最新文献

Many organizations have turned to e-learning courses to train their employees, as a result of which the evaluation of the effectiveness of these courses has become an important issue in organizations. The study aims to design a construct that evaluates the effectiveness of e-learning courses in the industry. Effectiveness can be evaluated with measurable indicators specific to this type of training and it can investigate the results of organizational managers' investment in training programs. Data were collected in three consecutive stages; first, using a mixed methods systematic review, the effectiveness evaluation dimensions were identified; second, the effectiveness evaluation indicators were determined by using semi-structured interviews with three groups including trainees in the industry, instructors of e-learning courses in the industry, and university professors; third, the indicators were validated by using a quantitative method. Finally, 46 measurable indicators from 6 main dimensions including content, instructor, learner, organization, assessment, and technical system were identified as effective evaluation indicators of e-learning courses in the industry. In evaluating the effectiveness of e-learning courses, different aspects of different dimensions were identified that managers of organizational training can use in evaluating organizational e-learning courses. It is similar to a system that includes input, process, output, and all factors together affect the effectiveness of these courses.

This study aims to investigate the role of technological intelligence in enhancing the performance of start-ups in Algeria. It seeks to explore fundamental concepts such as performance and technological intelligence to bolster the efficiency of start-ups and foster economic development in the country. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study distributed questionnaires to a random sample of 213 start-up companies. Additionally, it utilized an experimental approach, employing neural network modelling and fuzzy logic to test hypotheses. The study reveals that the elements of technological intelligence collectively exhibit a weak impact on the performance improvement of start-ups in Algeria. Approximately 31% of the observed weak impact of technological intelligence elements on start-up performance is attributed to the underutilization of available market technology for product development. This study underscores the importance of integrating technological intelligence into various activities of Algerian start-ups to augment performance, development, and growth. Furthermore, it aims to advance the start-up sector, alleviate unemployment challenges, integrate youth into the business landscape, and generate value addition. Moreover, the study contributes to advancing scientific research and leveraging the role of universities and research centers in supporting economic sectors through research endeavors aimed at enhancing start-up performance.

Developing and implementing appraisal portal systems for students can be highly beneficial for evaluating tutors’ teaching performances and providing constructive feedback to university authorities, thereby enhancing students’ learning experiences and satisfaction. Therefore, identifying the determinants of students’ satisfaction towards an appraisal portal system is crucial in this regard. In light of this, the study adopted a quantitative research approach and was based on an exploratory survey design. A survey instrument was used to collect data from 470 respondents selected using a cluster probability sampling technique. The collected data were analysed using both descriptive and Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques. The findings from the data analysis revealed three factors, namely, appraisal portal ease of use, system information display, and system performance positively predicted students’ appraisal portal use satisfaction. Furthermore, it was observed that both appraisal portal information display and portal ease of use were positive correlates and predictors of portal performance, while portal system information adequacy and information display, significantly predicted the portal system’s ease of use. Additionally, portal system information display determined portal system information adequacy. Finally, students’ satisfaction with the appraisal portal system determined their intention to continuously use the system. Based on the findings, recommendations have been made for policy and practice to manage the student appraisal portal system effectively, aiming to increase students’ participation and involvement in lecturer performance assessment.

Nomophobia, the fear of being without one's smartphone, is pervasive among students globally, yet its relationship with smartphone uses and academic achievement remains underexplored, particularly in countries like Vietnam. This cross-sectional study examined 950 students from six high schools in Central Vietnam. Results revealed that 60.1% of participants used smartphones for over three years, dedicating an average of 5.73 h daily. Nomophobia prevalence reached 99.9%, with 23.7% exhibiting severe levels. Females and older students displayed higher nomophobia levels than males and younger peers. A robust correlation emerged between nomophobia and daily phone-checking frequency. The study emphasizes the urgent need for further research to uncover contributing mechanisms to nomophobia and develop interventions promoting responsible smartphone use among students, providing valuable insights into an increasingly prevalent concern impacting the academic landscape.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) models can detect at-risk online gamblers by analyzing patterns in their betting behaviour, but their performance over time has not been assessed. Linking online gamblers’ self-reported gambling problems to their transactional gambling data, we investigated the temporal stability of online gambling behaviours at two timepoints (2019–2022). We then assessed the impacts of shifting gambling behaviours on the performance of two previously-validated AI harm detection models.

Adult users of a Canadian online gambling website (n₂₀₁₉ = 9,145, n₂₀₂₂ = 11,258) completed the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), a validated questionnaire examining past-year gambling problems. Population Stability Index assessed the temporal stability of 10 previously-validated indicators of problematic online gambling. Two AI models were then revalidated using overall and threshold-dependent performance metrics.

All measured indicators of problematic online gambling behaviour shifted significantly from 2019 to 2022 (all p < 0.001). Existing AI models showed significant changes in Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (PGSI 5+ ΔAUPRC = +2.87%; t(20401) = 2.83, p = 0.004; PGSI 8+ ΔAUPRC = +7.06%; t(20401) = 7.21, p < 0.001). Adjusting these models’ decision thresholds realigned their classification performance with originally-validated levels. These results support the use of AI for online gambling harm detection.

In order to frame excessive smartphone use as an addiction, it is important to understand whether this behavior determines abstinence symptoms and which damaging effect it has on emotions and cognition. However, an appropriate tool to assess the presence of smartphone abstinence symptoms is still lacking. In the present study, we propose a scale that is specifically developed to assess the psychological state deriving from smartphone abstinence: The Abstinence from Smartphone Scale (ABSS-10). The aim of this work is to validate ABSS-10 and to investigate its relevance in the context of smartphone addiction. Two studies were conducted to explore ABSS-10 psychometric properties, focusing on discriminant validity, and its relationship with smartphone dependence and emotional attachment. In Study 1, university students were administered the ABSS-10 two times during a two and a half-hour long smartphone restriction period. In Study 2, the scale was administered three times during a five-hour long smartphone restriction period. General state anxiety and smartphone dependence scales were also administered. The findings reveal that ABSS-10 effectively differentiates smartphone abstinence symptoms from general state anxiety and dependence. Moreover, results show that the scale detects changes in abstinence symptoms scores during a five-hour restriction period. The scale's utility in both research and practical settings is discussed, highlighting its potential contributions to understanding the psychological dynamics of smartphone use and abstinence. The present work suggests that ABSS-10 is a robust tool for research on the psychological effects of smartphone usage.

This study examines how the introduction of advanced technology such as artificial intelligence adversely affects employees and the tactics to mitigate these negative effects. We surveyed 5438 employees working for large companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in nine industries in Japan. The questionnaire considered the five drivers of employee attitudes (skill acquisition, fair wages, work/life balance, relationship with supervisor, and diversity of human resources) as well as the introduction of advanced technology in workplaces. Using structural equation modeling, we revealed that the introduction of advanced technology increases turnover intention. While the effect is not observed for sales and marketing, it is evident among back-office and software development personnel. Further, this effect is more pronounced among younger workers and those who change jobs more frequently. Managers should consider not only the positive effect of cutting-edge technology, but also its adverse impact on employees.

Tilt is a state of frustration leading to poor performance in poker players, but despite widespread adoption of the term in the gaming community, nascent esports (electronic sports) research has yet to establish a definition of tilt. The rapid growth of the esports industry has sparked demand for research that expands knowledge on psychological factors in gaming, especially the application of performance-oriented improvements for competitive gamers. Our qualitative approach explored the construct of tilt and how it manifests in esports, including generating the first clear definition of tilt as it applies to this context. Thematic analysis of interviews with six industry experts defined tilt as a state of indignation and frustration resulting in inhibited decision-making, as well as identifying several esports-specific contexts that trigger or mitigate tilt. Themes diverge noticeably from the problem gambling contexts in which tilt definitions originated, answering the recent call for more context-specific athlete-orientated research. Our findings provide the first definition of tilt bespoke to esports and marks an important conceptual foundation for this emerging research area. The definition will also inform evidence-based practice as coaches and psychologists search for new ways to improve athlete performance in the highly competitive world of esports.

The uncanny valley describes the negative evaluation of near humanlike artificial entities. Previous research with synthetic and real voices failed to find an uncanny valley of voices. This may have been due to an incomplete selection of stimuli. In Experiment 1 (n = 50), synthetic, normal, and deviating voices (distorted and pathological) were rated on uncanniness and human likeness and categorized as human or non-human. Results showed a non-monotonic function when the uncanniness was plotted against human likeness indicative of an uncanny valley. However, the shape could be divided into two monotonic functions based on voice type (synthetic vs deviating). Categorization ambiguity could not predict voice uncanniness but moderated the effect of realism on uncanniness. Experiment 2 (n = 35) found that perceived organicness, animacy, and mind attribution of voices significantly moderated the effect of realism on uncanniness. Results indicate a vocal uncanny valley driven by deviations from typical human voices. While voices can fall into an uncanny valley, synthetic voices successfully escape it. Finally, the results support the account that uncanniness is caused by deviations from familiar categories, rather than categorical ambiguity or the misattribution of mind or animacy.

Psychological science increasingly employs virtual reality (VR) as a therapeutic and experimental tool. When represented by an avatar, a user's self-perception is altered through a full-body perceptual illusion known as virtual embodiment. However, inconsistent measurement of this construct derives uncertainties about the efficacy of VR-driven behavioural, cognitive, and social-psychological changes. Accordingly, we sought to provide psychological scientists a valid and reliable measure to assess the virtual embodiment construct during experimental and therapeutic simulations. In a repeated-measures experimental paradigm, participants (N = 86) completed a series of visuo-motor tasks in-vivo and in VR. Our study had three objectives: 1) compare visuo-motor performance across in-vivo and VR tasks; 2) assess the psychometric properties of theoretically foundational body ownership, agency, and self-location dimensions from a virtual embodiment questionnaire widely used in the literature; 3) analyse the simplified 11-item questionnaire's underlying structure using principal component analysis (PCA). We found that VR embodiment does not directly align with physical embodiment when considering proprioception and kinaesthesia, and there is limited support for convergent and discriminant validity of body ownership, agency, and self-location as independent dimensions of the embodiment construct. However, there is strong support for criterion validity when these dimensions comprise the overall measurement of embodiment. The PCA revealed a straightforward and theoretically interpretable underlying structure with three components: embodiment, disembodiment, and agency. This study offers psychometric support for the exploration of the simplified 11-item questionnaire as a theoretically grounded measure for behavioural scientists who seek to investigate virtual embodiment as a psychological construct.