Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.02.013
Introduction
The possible use of dalbavancin as a catheter lock solution was previously demonstrated by our study group. However, it was needed to assess whether heparin could affect dalbavancin bioactivity during freezing storage.
Methods
We tested the bioactivity of a dalbavancin + heparin (DH) vs. dalbavancin (D) against Staphylococcal biofilms comparing DH median value of cfu counts and metabolic activity with that obtained for D before and during storage under freezing up to 6 months.
Results
Despite there was a slight decrease in the median percentage reduction of metabolic activity at month 3 in Staphylococcus epidermidis between DH and D (97.6 vs. 100, p = 0.037), considering the clinical criteria, no significant reduction in any of the variables tested was observed at the end of the experiment between D and DH solutions.
Conclusion
The addition of heparin to a dalbavancin lock solution did not affect its bioactivity against staphylococcal biofilms irrespective of its preservation time under freezing.
简介我们的研究小组曾证实达巴万星可用作导管锁定溶液。然而，我们需要评估肝素在冷冻储存期间是否会影响达巴万星的生物活性：我们测试了达巴万星+肝素（DH）与达巴万星（D）对葡萄球菌生物膜的生物活性，比较了 DH 与 D 在冷冻前和冷冻储存长达 6 个月期间获得的 cfu 计数和代谢活性的中值：结果：尽管在第 3 个月时，DH 和 D 的表皮葡萄球菌代谢活性降低的中位数百分比略有下降（97.6 对 100，p=0.037），但考虑到临床标准，在实验结束时，D 和 DH 溶液的任何测试变量均未观察到显著降低：结论：在达巴万星锁定溶液中添加肝素不会影响其对葡萄球菌生物膜的生物活性，无论其在冷冻条件下的保存时间长短。
{"title":"Addressing catheter lock therapy: Does heparin reduce the bioactivity of dalbavancin when together in solution during freezing?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The possible use of dalbavancin as a catheter lock solution was previously demonstrated by our study group. However, it was needed to assess whether heparin could affect dalbavancin bioactivity during freezing storage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We tested the bioactivity of a dalbavancin<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->heparin (DH) vs. dalbavancin (<em>D</em><span>) against Staphylococcal biofilms comparing DH median value of cfu counts and metabolic activity with that obtained for </span><em>D</em> before and during storage under freezing up to 6 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite there was a slight decrease in the median percentage reduction of metabolic activity at month 3 in <span><span>Staphylococcus epidermidis</span></span><span> between DH and </span><em>D</em> (97.6 vs. 100, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.037), considering the clinical criteria, no significant reduction in any of the variables tested was observed at the end of the experiment between <em>D</em> and DH solutions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The addition of heparin to a dalbavancin lock solution did not affect its bioactivity against staphylococcal biofilms irrespective of its preservation time under freezing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 8","pages":"Pages 435-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140875062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.06.005
Introduction
Syncephalastrum spp. is a mucoral that rarely produces pathology. Fungal balls caused by this genus are infrequent. It requires early diagnosis and treatment to avoid associated morbidity and mortality.
Methods
We describe two clinical cases of sinus fungus balls caused by Syncephalastrum spp. and review the literature.
Results
Two patients were treated for sinus fungus balls. When their samples were analysed, the aetiology was determined to be Syncephalastrum spp. A case of pulmonary fungus ball due to Syncephalastrum spp. is described in the literature. All cases, including these described in the present study, had a good evolution after treatment.
Conclusions
Syncephalastrum spp. is a filamentous fungus that should be considered as an aetiology of sinus fungus ball.
{"title":"Sinus fungal balls caused by Syncephalastrum spp.: 2 clinical cases and literature review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><span><em>Syncephalastrum</em></span><span> spp. is a mucoral that rarely produces pathology. Fungal balls caused by this genus are infrequent. It requires early diagnosis and treatment to avoid associated morbidity and mortality.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We describe two clinical cases of sinus fungus balls caused by <em>Syncephalastrum</em> spp. and review the literature.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two patients were treated for sinus fungus balls. When their samples were analysed, the aetiology was determined to be <em>Syncephalastrum</em> spp. A case of pulmonary fungus ball due to <em>Syncephalastrum</em> spp. is described in the literature. All cases, including these described in the present study, had a good evolution after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>Syncephalastrum</em><span> spp. is a filamentous fungus that should be considered as an aetiology of sinus fungus ball.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 8","pages":"Pages 439-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.06.010
Introduction
The establishment of Aedes albopictus in new areas in Europe has changed the risk of local dengue transmission represented by imported human cases. The risk of transmission is determined by the distribution of travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas and the distribution of Ae. albopictus as potential vectors of dengue in Spain.
Methods
Environmental, entomological, epidemiological, demographic, tourism and travel data were analyzed to produce a series of maps to represent: the distribution of Ae. albopictus across municipalities; the risk of expansion of Ae. albopictus based on a species distribution model; the calculated index of travelers from dengue-endemic areas (IDVZE) per province; the percentage contribution of each municipality to the total number of cases in Spain. The maps were then added using map algebra, to profile the spatial risk of autochthonous dengue in Spain at a municipal level from 2016 to 2018.
Results
Ae. albopictus was detected in 983 municipalities. The calculated IDVZE varied from 0.23 to 10.38, with the highest IDVZE observed in Madrid. The overall risk of autochthonous cases oscillated between 0.234 and 115, with the very high risk and high risk areas detected in the Mediterranean region, mainly in the Levantine coast and some parts of the Balearic Islands. Most of the interior of the peninsula was characterized as low risk.
Conclusion
Prevention and control measures to mitigate the risk of autochthonous dengue should be prioritized for municipalities in the high risk areas integrating early detection of imported dengue cases and vector control.
{"title":"Spatial analysis for risk assessment of dengue in Spain","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The establishment of <em>Aedes albopictus</em> in new areas in Europe has changed the risk of local dengue transmission represented by imported human cases. The risk of transmission is determined by the distribution of travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas and the distribution of <em>Ae. albopictus</em> as potential vectors of dengue in Spain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Environmental, entomological, epidemiological, demographic, tourism and travel data were analyzed to produce a series of maps to represent: the distribution of <em>Ae. albopictus</em> across municipalities; the risk of expansion of <em>Ae. albopictus</em> based on a species distribution model; the calculated index of travelers from dengue-endemic areas (IDVZE) per province; the percentage contribution of each municipality to the total number of cases in Spain. The maps were then added using map algebra, to profile the spatial risk of autochthonous dengue in Spain at a municipal level from 2016 to 2018.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>Ae. albopictus</em> was detected in 983 municipalities. The calculated IDVZE varied from 0.23 to 10.38, with the highest IDVZE observed in Madrid. The overall risk of autochthonous cases oscillated between 0.234 and 115, with the very high risk and high risk areas detected in the Mediterranean region, mainly in the Levantine coast and some parts of the Balearic Islands. Most of the interior of the peninsula was characterized as low risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Prevention and control measures to mitigate the risk of autochthonous dengue should be prioritized for municipalities in the high risk areas integrating early detection of imported dengue cases and vector control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 8","pages":"Pages 406-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72016344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.05.006
{"title":"Considerations to the comments on the recommendations of the Spanish Antibiogram Committee (COESANT) for the preparation of Cumulative Antibiotic Sensitivity Reports","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 8","pages":"Pages 465-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.10.007
Objectives
To estimate the incidence of pneumonia diagnosis in elderly patients in Spanish emergency departments (ED), need for hospitalization, adverse events and predictive capacity of biomarkers commonly used in the ED.
Methods
Patients ≥65 years with pneumonia seen in 52 Spanish EDs were included. We recorded in-hospitaland 30-day mortality as adverse events, as well as intensive care unit (ICU) admission among hospitalizedpatients. Association of 10 predefined variables with adverse events was calculated and expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), as well as predictive capacity of 5 commonly used biomarkers in the ED (leukocytes, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, glucose, creatinine) was investigated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC).
Results
591 patients with pneumonia attended in the ED were included (annual incidence of 18,4 per 1000 inhabitants). A total of 78.0% were hospitalized. Overall, 30-day mortality was 14.2% and in-hospital mortality was 12.9%. Functional dependency was associated with both events (OR = 4.453, 95%CI = 2.361–8.400; and OR = 3.497, 95%CI = 1.578–7.750, respectively) as well as severe comorbidity (2.344, 1.363–4.030, and 2.463, 1.252–4.846, respectively). Admission to the ICU during hospitalization occurred in 3.5%, with no associated factors. The predictive capacity of biomarkers was only moderate for creatinine for ICU admission (AUC-ROC = 0.702, 95% CI = 0.536–0.869) and for leukocytes for post-discharge adverse event (0.669, 0.540–0.798).
Conclusions
Pneumonia is a frequent diagnosis in elderly patients consulting in the ED. Their functional dependence and comorbidity is the factor most associated with adverse events. The biomarkers analyzed do not have a good predictive capacity for adverse events.
{"title":"Epidemiological and clinical management aspects of pneumonias diagnosed in the emergency department in elderly patients in Spain: Results of the EDEN-29 study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To estimate the incidence of pneumonia diagnosis in elderly patients in Spanish emergency departments (ED), need for hospitalization, adverse events and predictive capacity of biomarkers commonly used in the ED.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients ≥65 years with pneumonia seen in 52 Spanish EDs were included. We recorded in-hospitaland 30-day mortality as adverse events, as well as intensive care unit (ICU) admission among hospitalizedpatients. Association of 10 predefined variables with adverse events was calculated and expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), as well as predictive capacity of 5 commonly used biomarkers in the ED (leukocytes, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, glucose, creatinine) was investigated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>591 patients with pneumonia attended in the ED were included (annual incidence of 18,4 per 1000 inhabitants). A total of 78.0% were hospitalized. Overall, 30-day mortality was 14.2% and in-hospital mortality was 12.9%. Functional dependency was associated with both events (OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->4.453, 95%CI<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.361–8.400; and OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3.497, 95%CI<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.578–7.750, respectively) as well as severe comorbidity (2.344, 1.363–4.030, and 2.463, 1.252–4.846, respectively). Admission to the ICU during hospitalization occurred in 3.5%, with no associated factors. The predictive capacity of biomarkers was only moderate for creatinine for ICU admission (AUC-ROC<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.702, 95% CI<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.536–0.869) and for leukocytes for post-discharge adverse event (0.669, 0.540–0.798).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pneumonia is a frequent diagnosis in elderly patients consulting in the ED. Their functional dependence and comorbidity is the factor most associated with adverse events. The biomarkers analyzed do not have a good predictive capacity for adverse events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 8","pages":"Pages 420-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139941359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.06.009
Background
The incidence of leprosy in children is an important indicator of the disease's tendency in the general population and suggests intense circulation and transmission of Mycobacterium leprae.
Objectives
To describe the clinical, epidemiological characteristics and temporal dynamics of leprosy cases in children under 15 years of age from 2008 to 2018 in an endemic municipality.
Methods
A descriptive study with an analytical approach was carried out with data from leprosy cases registered in the Brazilian Information System on Notifiable Diseases for the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Results
Between 2008 and 2018, 112 new cases of leprosy were registered. Most cases were classified as paucibacillary leprosy and occurred in children living in urban areas. There was no significant difference in the incidence of leprosy during the study period. Only 4.5% of the sample presented reactional episodes, but a high number of cases were not evaluated for the occurrence of reactions.
Conclusions
The findings of this study show a high incidence of paucibacillary leprosy in children and adolescents, which reveals active transmission in the community and failures in the detection of new multibacillary cases among adults. Children between 10 and 14 years old are more vulnerable to M. leprae infection and mainly develop paucibacillary leprosy.
背景：麻风病在儿童中的发病率是该疾病在普通人群中趋势的一个重要指标，并表明麻风分枝杆菌的强烈循环和传播。目的：描述2008年至2018年某地方病流行城市15岁以下儿童麻风病例的临床、流行病学特征和时间动态。方法：使用巴西伯南布哥Cabo de Santo Agostinho市法定疾病信息系统中登记的麻风病病例数据，采用分析方法进行描述性研究。结果：2008年至2018年间，登记了112例新麻风病。大多数病例被归类为少杆菌性麻风病，发生在城市地区的儿童中。在研究期间，麻风病的发病率没有显著差异。只有4.5%的样本出现反应性发作，但大量病例没有评估反应的发生。结论：这项研究的结果表明，儿童和青少年中少菌型麻风病的发病率很高，这表明在社区中传播活跃，在成年人中未能发现新的多菌型病例。10至14岁的儿童更容易感染麻风分枝杆菌，主要发展为少杆菌型麻风。
{"title":"Trend of pediatric leprosy in an endemic area in Northeast of Brazil, 2008–2018","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The incidence of leprosy in children is an important indicator of the disease's tendency in the general population and suggests intense circulation and transmission of <span><span>Mycobacterium leprae</span></span>.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To describe the clinical, epidemiological characteristics and temporal dynamics of leprosy cases in children under 15 years of age from 2008 to 2018 in an endemic municipality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A descriptive study with an analytical approach was carried out with data from leprosy cases registered in the Brazilian Information System on Notifiable Diseases for the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between 2008 and 2018, 112 new cases of leprosy were registered. Most cases were classified as paucibacillary leprosy and occurred in children living in urban areas. There was no significant difference in the incidence of leprosy during the study period. Only 4.5% of the sample presented reactional episodes, but a high number of cases were not evaluated for the occurrence of reactions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings of this study show a high incidence of paucibacillary leprosy in children and adolescents, which reveals active transmission in the community and failures in the detection of new multibacillary cases among adults. Children between 10 and 14 years old are more vulnerable to <em>M. leprae</em> infection and mainly develop paucibacillary leprosy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 8","pages":"Pages 401-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.06.004
{"title":"Use of isavuconazole in cryptococcal meningitis in a cirrhotic patient","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 8","pages":"Pages 460-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.08.002
Cristina Gómez Ayerbe
{"title":"Acute and recent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in men having sex with men (MSM): Is the test&treat strategy fundamental to reduce the incidence in this population?","authors":"Cristina Gómez Ayerbe","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 8","pages":"Pages 399-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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