Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.05.003
Alejandro De Gea-Grela , Alfredo Maldonado-Barrueco , Clara Cabañuz , Mariana Díaz-Almiron , Alicia Rico , Guillermo Ruíz-Carrascoso , Maria Elena Palacios , Eduardo Martín-Arranz , Raquel Escudero-Nieto , José I Bernardino
Introduction
Human intestinal spirochetosis (HIE) is a poorly studied clinical entity with variable clinical manifestations. However, in recent years it has gained special relevance because an increasing number of cases have been described in people living with HIV (PWH) and in patients with a history of sexually transmitted infections (STI) or immunosuppression.
Methods
Retrospective review of all HIE cases identified in a tertiary level hospital (Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid) between 2014 and 2021.
Results
36 Cases of HIE were identified. Most cases corresponded to males (94%) with a median age of 45 years. 10 patients (29.4%) were PWH and 20 (56%) were men who had sex with men. Although the clinical manifestations were very heterogeneous, the most frequent was chronic diarrhea (47%), and up to 25% of the subjects had clinical proctitis. 39% percent of patients had been diagnosed with an STI in the previous two years, this characteristic being more frequent in PWH (90% vs. 28%; p < 0.01) than in patients without HIV infection. The STI most frequently associated with a diagnosis of HIE was syphilis (31%).
Conclusion
HIE is frequently diagnosed with other STIs and affects mostly men who have sex with men, which supports that this entity could be considered as a new STI.
{"title":"Human intestinal spirochetosis: an entity associated with sexual transmitted infections","authors":"Alejandro De Gea-Grela , Alfredo Maldonado-Barrueco , Clara Cabañuz , Mariana Díaz-Almiron , Alicia Rico , Guillermo Ruíz-Carrascoso , Maria Elena Palacios , Eduardo Martín-Arranz , Raquel Escudero-Nieto , José I Bernardino","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p><span>Human intestinal spirochetosis (HIE) is a poorly studied clinical entity with variable clinical manifestations. However, in recent years it has gained special relevance because an increasing number of cases have been described in people living with HIV (PWH) and </span>in patients<span> with a history of sexually transmitted infections (STI) or immunosuppression.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective review of all HIE cases identified in a tertiary level hospital (Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid) between 2014 and 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>36 Cases of HIE were identified. Most cases corresponded to males (94%) with a median age of 45 years. 10 patients (29.4%) were PWH and 20 (56%) were men who had sex with men. Although the clinical manifestations were very heterogeneous, the most frequent was chronic diarrhea (47%), and up to 25% of the subjects had clinical </span>proctitis. 39% percent of patients had been diagnosed with an STI in the previous two years, this characteristic being more frequent in PWH (90% vs. 28%; p < 0.01) than in patients without </span>HIV infection<span>. The STI most frequently associated with a diagnosis of HIE was syphilis (31%).</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>HIE is frequently diagnosed with other STIs and affects mostly men who have sex with men, which supports that this entity could be considered as a new STI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9540281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.04.015
Maite Nogales-Garcia , Naiara Parraza Diez , Andoni Vargas Axpe , Rafael Velasco Garcia , Ane Larrabeiti-Etxebarria , Ignacio Roy Lopez-Cano , Inmaculada Atrio Alvarez , Asier Lopez de Arcaute Trincado , Eva María Fernandez Lopez de Vicuña , Ester Saez de Adana Arroniz , Carlos Martínez Martínez , Joseba Portu Zapirain
Introduction
Despite the decrease of hepatitis C in Spanish prisons in the last years, it still remains a reservoir for infection. The aim of this work is to analyze the characteristics of these patients and the response to antiviral treatment over the last 18 years.
Methods
Retrospective observational study in inmates of Araba penitentiary center diagnosed with HCV infection between 2002 and 2020.
A descriptive analysis of patient characteristics and the response to the three antiviral treatment modalities was performed: peg-interferon and ribavirin, peg-interferon, ribavirin and a first-generation protease inhibitor and different combinations of direct-acting antivirals.
Results
A total of 248 antiviral treatments were prescribed. Treatment response rate up to 2015 was 65% and 93,7% after that year. Interferon non-responders were the main cause of non-response to treatment in periods 1 and 2 (40%–50%). Conversely, in period 3 viral breakthrough (67%) was the main culprit.
Conclusion
After 18 years, active hepatitis C infection in prison inmates has resolved with treatment according to clinical criteria. Therefore, the stay in prison may represent an opportunity to reduce the reservoir of the disease in the community, together with continued health care for those released from prison.
{"title":"Elimination of hepatitis C virus in a prison: An 18-year experience","authors":"Maite Nogales-Garcia , Naiara Parraza Diez , Andoni Vargas Axpe , Rafael Velasco Garcia , Ane Larrabeiti-Etxebarria , Ignacio Roy Lopez-Cano , Inmaculada Atrio Alvarez , Asier Lopez de Arcaute Trincado , Eva María Fernandez Lopez de Vicuña , Ester Saez de Adana Arroniz , Carlos Martínez Martínez , Joseba Portu Zapirain","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Despite the decrease of hepatitis C in Spanish prisons in the last years, it still remains a reservoir for infection. The aim of this work is to analyze the characteristics of these patients and the response to antiviral treatment over the last 18 years.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective observational study in inmates of Araba penitentiary center diagnosed with HCV infection between 2002 and 2020.</p><p><span>A descriptive analysis of patient characteristics<span> and the response to the three antiviral treatment modalities was performed: peg-interferon and </span></span>ribavirin<span>, peg-interferon, ribavirin<span> and a first-generation protease inhibitor and different combinations of direct-acting antivirals.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>A total of 248 antiviral treatments were prescribed. Treatment response rate up to 2015 was 65% and 93,7% after that year. Interferon non-responders were the main cause of non-response to treatment in periods 1 and 2 (40%–50%). Conversely, in period 3 </span><em>viral breakthroug</em>h (67%) was the main culprit.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>After 18 years, active hepatitis C infection in prison inmates has resolved with treatment according to clinical criteria. Therefore, the stay in prison may represent an opportunity to reduce the reservoir of the disease in the community, together with continued health care for those released from prison.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9417493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.02.010
Paula García-Sánchez , Belén Parra Rodríguez , Rosario López López , Miguel Ángel Molina Gutiérrez , Marta Bueno Barriocanal , María de Ceano-Vivas la Calle
Objective
To analyze the cases of acute mastoiditis, characteristics, management and complications in children attended in the emergency department.
Methods
Retrospective study of acute mastoiditis in a Spanish tertiary hospital over a 6-year period (2018–2023).
Results
One hundred two episodes of acute mastoiditis were analyzed (54% males, median age 1.8 years). Microorganisms were isolated in one third of cases, mainly Streptococcus pyogenes (64% of ear secretion cultures). Complications occurred in 27.5%, primarily subperiosteal abscess. A younger age, absence of vaccination schedule, previous history of otitis, cochlear implant carriers or white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels were not associated with complications. Complicated cases had longer hospitalizations. Treatment included antibiotics, corticosteroids, and surgery in 50% of cases.
Conclusions
This study shows an increase of acute mastoiditis during 2023, with a relevant role of S. pyogenes. A younger age, absence of vaccination, personal history of otitis or cochlear implant, blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels were not associated with complications.
目的 分析急诊科就诊儿童的急性乳突炎病例、特征、处理方法和并发症。方法 对西班牙一家三级医院 6 年内(2018-2023 年)的急性乳突炎病例进行回顾性研究。三分之一的病例分离出微生物,主要是化脓性链球菌(占耳分泌物培养的64%)。27.5%的病例出现并发症,主要是骨膜下脓肿。年龄较小、未接种疫苗、既往有中耳炎病史、人工耳蜗携带者或白细胞计数和C反应蛋白水平与并发症无关。并发症病例的住院时间较长。治疗包括抗生素、皮质类固醇,50%的病例接受了手术治疗。年龄较小、未接种疫苗、个人中耳炎或人工耳蜗植入史、血细胞计数和 C 反应蛋白水平与并发症无关。
{"title":"Retrospective study of acute mastoiditis in children in Spain attended in a Pediatric Emergency department","authors":"Paula García-Sánchez , Belén Parra Rodríguez , Rosario López López , Miguel Ángel Molina Gutiérrez , Marta Bueno Barriocanal , María de Ceano-Vivas la Calle","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimce.2024.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To analyze the cases of acute mastoiditis, characteristics, management and complications in children attended in the emergency department.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective study of acute mastoiditis in a Spanish tertiary hospital over a 6-year period (2018–2023).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One hundred two episodes of acute mastoiditis were analyzed (54% males, median age 1.8 years). Microorganisms were isolated in one third of cases, mainly <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> (64% of ear secretion cultures). Complications occurred in 27.5%, primarily subperiosteal abscess. A younger age, absence of vaccination schedule, previous history of otitis, cochlear implant carriers or white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels were not associated with complications. Complicated cases had longer hospitalizations. Treatment included antibiotics, corticosteroids, and surgery in 50% of cases.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study shows an increase of acute mastoiditis during 2023, with a relevant role of <em>S. pyogenes</em>. A younger age, absence of vaccination, personal history of otitis or cochlear implant, blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels were not associated with complications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140825134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.04.008
Beatriz de Felipe , Marta Aboza-García , Verónica González-Galán , Ignacio Salamanca de la Cueva , Juan Alfonso Martín-Quintero , Benito Amil-Pérez , Cristóbal Coronel-Rodríguez , María Ángeles Palacios-Soria , María Isabel García Ruiz-Santaquiteria , María José Torres-Sánchez , Francisco Javier Morón , Juan A. Cordero-Varela , Pablo Obando-Pacheco , Ignacio Obando
Introduction
The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) universal vaccination programme was introduced in December 2016 in Andalusia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on the molecular epidemiology of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization. A total of 397 healthy children were recruited from primary healthcare centres in Seville for the periods 1/4/2018 to 28/2/2020 and 1/11/2021 to 28/2/2022 (PCV13 period). Data from a previous carriage study conducted among healthy and sick children from 1/01/2006 to 30/06/2008 (PCV7 period), were used for comparison of serotype/genotype distributions and antibiotic resistance rates.
Results
Overall, 76 (19%) children were colonized with S. pneumoniae during the PCV13 period and there were information available from 154 isolates collected during the PCV7 period. Colonization with PCV13 serotypes declined significantly in the PCV13 period compared with historical controls (11% vs 38%, p = 0.0001), being serotypes 19F (8%), 3 (1%) and 6B (1%) the only circulating vaccine types. Serotypes 15B/C and 11A were the most frequently identified non-PCV13 serotypes during the PCV13 period (14% and 11%, respectively); the later one increased significantly between time periods (p = 0.04). Serotype 11A was exclusively associated in the PCV13 period with ampicillin-resistant variants of the Spain9V-ST156 clone (ST6521 and genetically related ST14698), not detected in the preceding period.
Conclusions
There was a residual circulation of vaccine types following PCV13 introduction, apart from serotype 19F. Serotype 11A increased between PCV13 and PCV7 periods due to emergence and clonal expansion of ampicillin-resistant genotype ST6521.
{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of pneumococcal carriage in children from Seville, following implementation of the PCV13 immunization program in Andalusia, Spain","authors":"Beatriz de Felipe , Marta Aboza-García , Verónica González-Galán , Ignacio Salamanca de la Cueva , Juan Alfonso Martín-Quintero , Benito Amil-Pérez , Cristóbal Coronel-Rodríguez , María Ángeles Palacios-Soria , María Isabel García Ruiz-Santaquiteria , María José Torres-Sánchez , Francisco Javier Morón , Juan A. Cordero-Varela , Pablo Obando-Pacheco , Ignacio Obando","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) universal vaccination programme was introduced in December 2016 in Andalusia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>A cross-sectional study was conducted on the molecular epidemiology of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization. A total of 397 healthy children were recruited from </span>primary healthcare centres in Seville for the periods 1/4/2018 to 28/2/2020 and 1/11/2021 to 28/2/2022 (PCV13 period). Data from a previous carriage study conducted among healthy and sick children from 1/01/2006 to 30/06/2008 (PCV7 period), were used for comparison of serotype/genotype distributions and </span>antibiotic resistance rates.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, 76 (19%) children were colonized with <span><span>S. pneumoniae</span></span> during the PCV13 period and there were information available from 154 isolates collected during the PCV7 period. Colonization with PCV13 serotypes declined significantly in the PCV13 period compared with historical controls (11% vs 38%, <em>p</em> = 0.0001), being serotypes 19F (8%), 3 (1%) and 6B (1%) the only circulating vaccine types. Serotypes 15B/C and 11A were the most frequently identified non-PCV13 serotypes during the PCV13 period (14% and 11%, respectively); the later one increased significantly between time periods (<em>p</em> = 0.04). Serotype 11A was exclusively associated in the PCV13 period with ampicillin-resistant variants of the Spain<sup>9V</sup>-ST156 clone (ST6521 and genetically related ST14698), not detected in the preceding period.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There was a residual circulation of vaccine types following PCV13 introduction, apart from serotype 19F. Serotype 11A increased between PCV13 and PCV7 periods due to emergence and clonal expansion of ampicillin-resistant genotype ST6521.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9422464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.01.009
Pablo González-Moreno , Martina Araujo-Sánchez , Jonathan Fernández-Suárez , Javier Fernández-Dominguez , Jose Luis Llorente , María Soledad Zapico-González
Introduction
The development and research of new technologies for identifying microorganisms, has allowed the identification of hitherto unknown bacteria. Auritidibacter ignavus is a newly described Gram-positive rod possibly associated with otitis, although its role as an etiologic agent in otitis is currently controversial.
Methods
We report two cases of recurrent otitis in paediatric patients in which A. ignavus was isolated and review the previous cases reported in the literature.
Results
All the isolates were identified as A. ignavus by proteomic and genomic methods. Both patients recovered from their symptoms.
Conclusion
A. ignavus was recovered from ear discharges of paedriatic patients with chronic ear problems. All the cases previously reported in the literature were adults. More evidence is needed for the association between A. ignavus and otitis, since data regarding this species are still scarce.
{"title":"Auritidibacter ignavus in ear discharge of paediatric patients: Two cases reports and literature review","authors":"Pablo González-Moreno , Martina Araujo-Sánchez , Jonathan Fernández-Suárez , Javier Fernández-Dominguez , Jose Luis Llorente , María Soledad Zapico-González","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The development and research of new technologies for identifying microorganisms, has allowed the identification of hitherto unknown bacteria. <em>Auritidibacter ignavus</em><span> is a newly described Gram-positive rod possibly associated with otitis, although its role as an etiologic agent in otitis is currently controversial.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We report two cases of recurrent otitis in paediatric patients in which <em>A. ignavus</em> was isolated and review the previous cases reported in the literature.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All the isolates were identified as <em>A. ignavus</em><span><span> by proteomic and genomic methods. Both patients recovered from their </span>symptoms.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>A. ignavus</em> was recovered from ear discharges of paedriatic patients with chronic ear problems. All the cases previously reported in the literature were adults. More evidence is needed for the association between <em>A. ignavus</em> and otitis, since data regarding this species are still scarce.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139543749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.11.021
Elena Varea-Jiménez , Esteban Aznar Cano , Lorena Vega-Piris , Elena Vanessa Martínez Sánchez , Clara Mazagatos , Lucía García San Miguel Rodríguez-Alarcón , Inmaculada Casas , María José Sierra Moros , Maria Iglesias-Caballero , Sonia Vazquez-Morón , Amparo Larrauri , Susana Monge , Working group for the surveillance and control of COVID-19
Background
This study compares the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections caused by Alpha, Delta or Omicron variants in periods of co-circulation in Spain, and estimates the variant-specific association of vaccination with severe disease.
Methods
SARS-CoV-2 infections notified to the national epidemiological surveillance network with information on genetic variant and vaccination status were considered cases if they required hospitalisation or controls otherwise. Alpha and Delta were compared during June–July 2021; and Delta and Omicron during December 2021–January 2022. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using logistic regression, comparing variant and vaccination status between cases and controls.
Results
We included 5,345 Alpha and 11,974 Delta infections in June–July and 5,272 Delta and 10,578 Omicron in December–January. Unvaccinated cases of Alpha (aOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.46–0.69) or Omicron (0.28; 0.21–0.36) had lower probability of hospitalisation vs. Delta. Complete vaccination reduced hospitalisation, similarly for Alpha (0.16; 0.13–0.21) and Delta (June–July: 0.16; 0.14–0.19; December–January: 0.36; 0.30–0.44) but lower from Omicron (0.63; 0.53–0.75) and individuals aged 65+ years.
Conclusion
Results indicate higher intrinsic severity of the Delta variant, compared with Alpha or Omicron, with smaller differences among vaccinated individuals. Nevertheless, vaccination was associated to reduced hospitalisation in all groups.
{"title":"Comparative severity of COVID-19 cases caused by Alpha, Delta or Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants and its association with vaccination","authors":"Elena Varea-Jiménez , Esteban Aznar Cano , Lorena Vega-Piris , Elena Vanessa Martínez Sánchez , Clara Mazagatos , Lucía García San Miguel Rodríguez-Alarcón , Inmaculada Casas , María José Sierra Moros , Maria Iglesias-Caballero , Sonia Vazquez-Morón , Amparo Larrauri , Susana Monge , Working group for the surveillance and control of COVID-19","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2022.11.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2022.11.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study compares the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections caused by Alpha, Delta or Omicron variants in periods of co-circulation in Spain, and estimates the variant-specific association of vaccination with severe disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>SARS-CoV-2 infections notified to the national epidemiological surveillance network with information on genetic variant and vaccination status were considered cases if they required hospitalisation or controls otherwise. Alpha and Delta were compared during June–July 2021; and Delta and Omicron during December 2021–January 2022. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using logistic regression, comparing variant and vaccination status between cases and controls.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We included 5,345 Alpha and 11,974 Delta infections in June–July and 5,272 Delta and 10,578 Omicron in December–January. Unvaccinated cases of Alpha (aOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.46–0.69) or Omicron (0.28; 0.21–0.36) had lower probability of hospitalisation vs. Delta. Complete vaccination reduced hospitalisation, similarly for Alpha (0.16; 0.13–0.21) and Delta (June–July: 0.16; 0.14–0.19; December–January: 0.36; 0.30–0.44) but lower from Omicron (0.63; 0.53–0.75) and individuals aged 65+ years.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Results indicate higher intrinsic severity of the Delta variant, compared with Alpha or Omicron, with smaller differences among vaccinated individuals. Nevertheless, vaccination was associated to reduced hospitalisation in all groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9890374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9220574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.12.002
Blanca Carrasco, Gloria Zaragoza, David M. Arana, Yolanda Hernández-Hermida, Juan-Ignacio Alós
Introduction
Early and adequate treatment of bloodstream infections decreases patient morbidity and mortality. The objective is to develop a preliminary method for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (RAST) in enterobacteria with inducible chromosomal AmpC.
Methods
RAST was performed directly on spiked blood cultures of 49 enterobacteria with inducible chromosomal AmpC. Results were read at 4, 6 and 8 h of incubation. Commercial broth microdilution was considered the reference method. Disks of 10 antibiotics were evaluated.
Results
The proportion of readable tests at 4 h was 85%. All RAST could be read at 6 and 8 h.
For most antibiotics, the S or R result at 4, 6 and 8 h was greater than 80% after tentative breakpoints were established and Area of Technical Uncertainty was defined.
Conclusions
This preliminary method seems to be of practical use, although it should be extended to adjust the breakpoints and differentiate them by species.
引言及早、充分治疗血流感染可降低患者的发病率和死亡率。方法直接对 49 种具有诱导性染色体 AmpC 的肠道细菌的血液培养物进行快速抗生素敏感性检测(RAST)。结果在培养 4、6 和 8 小时后读取。商用肉汤微量稀释法被视为参考方法。结果 4 小时可读取结果的比例为 85%。对于大多数抗生素来说,在确定了暂定断点和技术不确定区域后,4、6 和 8 小时的 S 或 R 结果均大于 80%。结论这种初步方法似乎很实用,但应加以扩展,以调整断点并按物种加以区分。
{"title":"Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (RAST) of blood cultures in enterobacteria with inducible chromosomal AmpC-type β-lactamase","authors":"Blanca Carrasco, Gloria Zaragoza, David M. Arana, Yolanda Hernández-Hermida, Juan-Ignacio Alós","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimce.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Early and adequate treatment of bloodstream infections decreases patient morbidity and mortality. The objective is to develop a preliminary method for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (RAST) in enterobacteria with inducible chromosomal AmpC.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>RAST was performed directly on spiked blood cultures of 49 enterobacteria with inducible chromosomal AmpC. Results were read at 4, 6 and 8<!--> <!-->h of incubation. Commercial broth microdilution was considered the reference method. Disks of 10 antibiotics were evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The proportion of readable tests at 4<!--> <!-->h was 85%. All RAST could be read at 6 and 8<!--> <!-->h.</p><p>For most antibiotics, the S or R result at 4, 6 and 8<!--> <!-->h was greater than 80% after tentative breakpoints were established and Area of Technical Uncertainty was defined.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This preliminary method seems to be of practical use, although it should be extended to adjust the breakpoints and differentiate them by species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.07.007
Natividad Benito , Juan Carlos Martínez-Pastor , Jaime Lora-Tamayo , Javier Ariza , José Baeza , Joaquín Belzunegui-Otano , Javier Cobo , María-Dolores del-Toro , Cesar G. Fontecha , Lluís Font-Vizcarra , Juan P. Horcajada , Laura Morata , Oscar Murillo , Joan M. Nolla , Esmeralda Núñez-Cuadros , Carlos Pigrau , María Eugenia Portillo , Dolors Rodríguez-Pardo , Beatriz Sobrino-Díaz , Jesús Saavedra-Lozano
Infection of a native joint, commonly referred to as septic arthritis, is a medical emergency because of the risk of joint destruction and subsequent sequelae. Its diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion. These guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis in children and adults are intended for use by any physician caring for patients with suspected or confirmed septic arthritis. They have been developed by a multidisciplinary panel with representatives from the Bone and Joint Infections Study Group (GEIO) belonging to the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infections (SEIP) and the Spanish Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (SECOT), and two rheumatologists. The recommendations are based on evidence derived from a systematic literature review and, failing that, on the opinion of the experts who prepared these guidelines. A detailed description of the background, methods, summary of evidence, the rationale supporting each recommendation, and gaps in knowledge can be found online in the complete document.
{"title":"Executive summary: Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis in adults and children, developed by the GEIO (SEIMC), SEIP and SECOT","authors":"Natividad Benito , Juan Carlos Martínez-Pastor , Jaime Lora-Tamayo , Javier Ariza , José Baeza , Joaquín Belzunegui-Otano , Javier Cobo , María-Dolores del-Toro , Cesar G. Fontecha , Lluís Font-Vizcarra , Juan P. Horcajada , Laura Morata , Oscar Murillo , Joan M. Nolla , Esmeralda Núñez-Cuadros , Carlos Pigrau , María Eugenia Portillo , Dolors Rodríguez-Pardo , Beatriz Sobrino-Díaz , Jesús Saavedra-Lozano","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infection of a native joint, commonly referred to as septic arthritis, is a medical emergency because of the risk of joint destruction and subsequent sequelae. Its diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion. These guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis in children and adults are intended for use by any physician caring for patients with suspected or confirmed septic arthritis. They have been developed by a multidisciplinary panel with representatives from the Bone and Joint Infections Study Group (GEIO) belonging to the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infections (SEIP) and the Spanish Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (SECOT), and two rheumatologists. The recommendations are based on evidence derived from a systematic literature review and, failing that, on the opinion of the experts who prepared these guidelines. A detailed description of the background, methods, summary of evidence, the rationale supporting each recommendation, and gaps in knowledge can be found online in the complete document.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}