Journal of trace elements and minerals最新文献_第3页

Enhanced antibacterial effect of natural tannin stabilized silver nano particles against human pathogens: A target toward FtsZ proteins 天然单宁酸稳定银纳米粒子对人类病原体的增强抗菌效果：以 FtsZ 蛋白为目标

Journal of trace elements and minerals

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100200

Ishita Biswas , Debanjan Mitra , Soumitra Das , Devbarni Sarkar , Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra

Background

Tannins are the polyphenolic group of plant compounds having strong antimicrobial potential. Research on human pathogens using silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial purposes has opened up new possibilities in nanomedicine.

Objective

The present study was concerned with combining the effectiveness of the two by the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with plant tannin.

Methods

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles was done based on the tannin content of the selected plants. Characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles has been performed through UV–VIS, FTIR spectroscopy, Zeta potential, XRD analysis and FEGSEM imaging. The antibacterial potentiality of the nanoparticles was checked against two most susceptible bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and Salmonella typhi.

Results

Among the studied plants, Phyllanthus emblica showed highest tannin content and best bactericidal properties. The nanoparticles synthesized with P. emblica showed the highest zone of inhibition against the studied bacteria. An in-silico comparative molecular docking study of the bioactive compounds from the selected plants was performed against the FtsZ protein of S. epidermidis and YfdX protein of S. typhi. Three compounds namely Isocorilagin,1(β), 6-di-o-galloylglucose and Hamamelitannin appeared as the best inhibitors of the said proteins and among them, Isocorilagin, a natural tannin showed the best docking score of -10.2 Kcal/mol with FtsZ protein. Further molecular dynamics simulation studies of the FtsZ protein-Isocorilagin complex support its stability indicating Isocorilagin as the natural inhibitor of the pathogenic bacterial protein FtsZ.

Conclusion

These results concluded that synthesis of nanoparticles with plant tannin is a cost effective green approach and the synthesised nanoparticles appear as efficient antimicrobial agent.

背景单宁酸是植物化合物中的多酚类，具有很强的抗菌潜力。利用纳米银粒子对人类病原体进行抗菌研究，为纳米医学开辟了新的可能性。方法根据所选植物的单宁含量合成纳米银粒子。通过 UV-VIS、FTIR 光谱、Zeta 电位、XRD 分析和 FEGSEM 成像对合成的纳米粒子进行了表征。结果在所研究的植物中，大叶黄杨的单宁含量最高，杀菌能力最强。用大叶黄杨合成的纳米粒子对所研究细菌的抑制面积最大。针对表皮葡萄球菌的 FtsZ 蛋白和伤寒杆菌的 YfdX 蛋白，对所选植物中的生物活性化合物进行了分子对接比较研究。其中，天然单宁 Isocorilagin 与 FtsZ 蛋白的对接得分最高，为 -10.2 Kcal/mol。对 FtsZ 蛋白-Isocorilagin 复合物的进一步分子动力学模拟研究支持其稳定性，表明 Isocorilagin 是病原菌蛋白 FtsZ 的天然抑制剂。

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引用次数: 0

Hepatotoxicity induced by subacute exposure of Mancozeb and Arsenic in Wistar rats: Mitigating effect of quercetin and catechin Wistar 大鼠亚急性暴露于 Mancozeb 和砷诱发的肝毒性：槲皮素和儿茶素的缓解作用

Journal of trace elements and minerals

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100199

Rasia Yousuf , Pawan Kumar Verma , Priyanka Sharma , Shilpa Sood , Nrip K. Pankaj , Zuhaib F. Bhat

Background

Widespread use of Mancozeb (MZ) fungicide in endemic areas having high levels of arsenic (As⁺³) in the groundwater is likely to cause toxicosis in humans and animals. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the hepatotoxic effect of MZ and As⁺³ interaction in Wistar rats and mitigating potential of quercetin and catechin on such toxicity.

Methods

Sixty adult rats were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 animals each. Group I served as control and group II was exposed to MZ (800 mg kg^-1, PO). Groups III, IV, and V were provided drinking water containing As⁺³ at the rate of 10, 50 and 100 µg L^-1, respectively. Groups VI, VII, and VIII were given drinking water containing As⁺³ at 10, 50 and 100 µg L^-1, respectively, along with MZ. Groups IX and X received drinking water contaminated with 100 µg L^-1, As⁺³ and MZ along with quercetin or catechin (50 mg kg^-1 each), respectively.

Results

Significant (p <0.05) alterations in hepatic biomarkers in blood, liver antioxidant status and hepatic histoarchitecture were observed in animals treated with individual toxicants in a dose-dependent manner, however, such toxicity-induced changes were more severe in co-exposed rats. The administration of quercetin or catechin significantly mitigated the dual toxicant administration-driven changes in biochemical markers of hepatic damage, hepatic antioxidant profile and liver histomorphology.

Conclusions

Both quercetin and catechin proved beneficial in reducing toxicant-induced oxidation-mediated hepatic damage as demonstrated by alleviation in altered levels of determinants of hepatic biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in addition to restoration of toxicant-induced histological alterations of hepatic tissue.

背景在地下水中砷（As+3）含量较高的地方病流行地区广泛使用代森锰锌杀菌剂（MZ）很可能会导致人类和动物中毒。因此，本研究旨在确定 MZ 与 As+3 相互作用对 Wistar 大鼠肝脏的毒性影响，以及槲皮素和儿茶素对这种毒性的缓解潜力。方法将 60 只成年大鼠随机分为 10 组，每组 6 只，I 组为对照组，II 组暴露于 MZ（800 mg kg-1，PO）。第三、四和五组分别向其提供含 As+3 的饮用水，浓度分别为 10、50 和 100 µg L-1。第 VI、VII 和 VIII 组分别饮用含 As+3 10、50 和 100 µg L-1 的饮用水和 MZ。结果在接受单种毒物处理的动物中观察到血液中的肝脏生物标志物、肝脏抗氧化状态和肝脏组织结构发生了显著变化（p <0.05），且变化呈剂量依赖性。服用槲皮素或儿茶素可明显减轻双重毒物对肝损伤生化指标、肝抗氧化谱和肝组织形态学的影响。结论事实证明，槲皮素和儿茶素都有利于减轻毒物诱导的氧化介导的肝损伤，这表现在除了恢复毒物诱导的肝组织学改变外，还减轻了肝生化指标和氧化应激指标水平的改变。

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引用次数: 0

Magnesium involvement in social behavior and in the treatment of some psychological disorders. A review 镁参与社会行为和某些心理疾病的治疗。综述

Journal of trace elements and minerals

Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100194

Mihai Nechifor

Background

Social behavior is generally defined as all behavior that influences, or is influenced by, other members of the same species. This behavior is essential for social life and the evolution of society. Numerous factors influence this behavior. One of the factors that are important for social behavior and that modulates many of the neural mechanisms involved in the production of social behavior is formed by magnesium (Mg) and other bivalent cations in the brain.

Methods

In this review, the results of some articles included in the international databases were used.

Results

Mg has an essential modulating role for a large part of the elements that are part of social behavior such as: aggression, memory and cognition, eating behavior, addictions and others. Memory disorders, cognition, all forms of addiction are important psychiatric diseases, but they also have a strong impact on social behavior. The main mechanisms by which Mg is involved in social behavior are: the modulation of the presynaptic release of some brain neurotransmitters, synaptic neuroplasticity, the modification of the affinity of some neuronal receptors for their agonists, the transduction of the biological signal after stimulating the receptors, the activity of some neuronal enzymes. Magnesium decreases intraspecific and interspecific aggression, improves memory and eating behavior, reduces the intensity of addictions and the vulnerability of people at risk of becoming addicted, improves attention deficit in children and reduces anxiety.

Conclusions

Correcting the high frequency of chronic Mg deficiency in today's society is strictly necessary and must be done as soon as possible. This normalization of the Mg level improves many of the elements of social behavior. Prevention and correction of Mg deficiency reduce the risk of developing serious diseases such as depression, addictions,memory disordres, anxiety states and other. The association of Mg with the drugs used to treat these diseases can be beneficial.

背景社会行为一般被定义为影响同类或受同类影响的所有行为。这种行为对于社会生活和社会进化至关重要。影响这种行为的因素有很多。镁（Mg）和大脑中的其他二价阳离子是对社会行为非常重要的因素之一，并能调节产生社会行为的许多神经机制。记忆障碍、认知、各种形式的成瘾都是重要的精神疾病，但它们对社会行为也有很大影响。镁参与社会行为的主要机制有：调节某些脑神经递质的突触前释放、突触神经可塑性、改变某些神经元受体对其激动剂的亲和力、刺激受体后的生物信号转导、某些神经元酶的活性。镁能降低种内和种间攻击性，改善记忆力和饮食行为，降低成瘾的强度和易成瘾人群的脆弱性，改善儿童的注意力缺陷，减少焦虑。镁水平的正常化可以改善许多社会行为因素。预防和纠正镁缺乏症可以降低患抑郁症、成瘾、记忆障碍、焦虑症等严重疾病的风险。将镁与治疗这些疾病的药物结合起来会有好处。

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引用次数: 0

Pollution evaluation and health risks assessment of naturally occurring toxic metals in shallow groundwater: A study in southwestern tidal delta of Bangladesh 浅层地下水中天然存在的有毒金属的污染评价和健康风险评估：孟加拉国西南潮汐三角洲研究

Journal of trace elements and minerals

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100197

Mahir Tajwar , Mahfuzur Rahman , Shamiha Shafinaz Shreya , Nazmus Sakib , Md. Yousuf Gazi , Mahmudul Hasan , Majidul Islam , Mir Md Tasnim Alam , Anwar Zahid

Groundwater is the main source of potable water in rural regions of Bangladesh. Still, contamination with potentially harmful metals due to natural processes and anthropogenic activities leads to various health impacts. The focus of this research was to determine the extent of metal contamination in shallow groundwater from three southwestern districts of Bangladesh and the health hazards associated with it. A comprehensive analysis of metal, including metalloid, copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn), and boron (B) was performed on a set of 51 samples. Groundwater samples were analyzed for contamination using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and a UV–VIS Spectrophotometer, with pollution levels assessed via indices like the Metal Evaluation Index, Nemerow Pollution Index, and Contamination Index. Human health risks were evaluated through Chronic Daily Intake, Hazard Quotient, and Hazard Index calculations following USEPA guidelines. The results indicate that arsenic levels exceeded 25 samples and manganese levels exceeded 34 samples in accordance with WHO drinking water standards. Boron (B) concentrations exceeded the threshold in seven samples, whereas Al, Cu, and Cr exceeded limits in only two samples. The metal evaluation index (MEI), Nemerow pollution index (NI), and degree of contamination (C_d) revealed moderate to severe contamination in groundwater and unsuitability for drinking purposes. Out of the 51 analyzed samples, 48 samples exhibited potential non-carcinogenic health risks for adults, while all samples exceeded the hazard index (HI) threshold value (01) for children. Concentrations of As and Mn were identified as the main contributing factors to the higher HI values in both adults and children. However, the concentrations of Cu, Al, Cr, and B in groundwater were not individually found to be as risky. This study provided valuable insights to conduct a future comprehensive investigation of the designated region to delineate safe and hazardous zones for the installation of shallow tubewells. Furthermore, there's a need to enhance public awareness regarding the long-term ramifications of consuming contaminated water.

地下水是孟加拉国农村地区饮用水的主要来源。然而，由于自然过程和人为活动造成的潜在有害金属污染会导致各种健康影响。本研究的重点是确定孟加拉国西南部三个地区浅层地下水的金属污染程度以及与之相关的健康危害。对 51 个样本进行了全面的金属分析，包括类金属、铜 (Cu)、铝 (Al)、铬 (Cr)、砷 (As)、锰 (Mn) 和硼 (B)。使用原子吸收光谱和紫外-可见分光光度计对地下水样本进行了污染分析，并通过金属评估指数、Nemerow 污染指数和污染指数等指数对污染水平进行了评估。根据美国环保局的指导原则，通过慢性每日摄入量、危害商数和危害指数的计算来评估人类健康风险。结果表明，根据世界卫生组织的饮用水标准，25 个样本的砷含量超标，34 个样本的锰含量超标。有 7 个样本的硼（B）浓度超过阈值，而铝、铜和铬仅有 2 个样本超标。金属评价指数 (MEI)、尼莫洛污染指数 (NI) 和污染程度 (Cd) 显示，地下水受到中度至严重污染，不适合饮用。在 51 个分析样本中，有 48 个样本显示出对成人有潜在的非致癌健康风险，而所有样本都超过了对儿童的危害指数（HI）阈值（01）。砷和锰的浓度被认为是导致成人和儿童 HI 值升高的主要因素。然而，铜、铝、铬和硼在地下水中的浓度并没有被发现具有危险性。这项研究提供了宝贵的见解，有助于今后对指定区域进行全面调查，为浅层管井的安装划定安全区和危险区。此外，还需要提高公众对饮用受污染水的长期影响的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Total mercury and methylmercury levels in Brazilian Amazon fish: A scope review with meta-analysis and local population health risk assessment 巴西亚马逊鱼类中的总汞和甲基汞含量：通过荟萃分析和当地人口健康风险评估进行范围审查

Journal of trace elements and minerals

Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100196

Milena Dutra Pierezan , Rodrigo Barcellos Hoff , Eliane Teixeira Marsico , Silvani Verruck

Introduction

The Brazilian Amazon has one of the richest biomes and the largest source of freshwater on the planet. However, anthropogenic activities have also turned this region into one of the highest points of human exposure to mercury ever recorded. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to perform a scope review with meta-analysis in order to evaluate the total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) levels in Brazilian Amazon fish, as well as to carry out a local population health risk assessment.

Methods

A literature search was systematically performed in research databases and gray literature, remaining 14 studies from 2017 to 2022 for final analysis. The studies were submitted to raw mean and subgroup meta-analysis, followed by a risk characterization and the calculation of a maximum safe consumption of fish for the Amazonian population.

Results

The selected studies covered 4 Amazonian states, as well as included the analysis of >30 fish species of different trophic levels and sampling in >15 cities. The overall total mercury mean obtained for Brazilian Amazon fish was 0.29 ug g⁻¹. Significant difference was observed between THg levels according to fish trophic level (p < 0.05), which reinforces the MeHg biomagnification. When THg levels from all fish samples were pooled, it was not observed a significant difference among the Amazonian states and the fish sampling season. However, significant variations between microregions and species-specific variations over the seasons should not be discarded. All estimated daily methylmercury intake exceeded the reference dose of 0.1 ug kg BW⁻¹ day⁻¹, resulting in a hazard quotient (HQ) greater than 1 and indicating a risk of chronic exposure by the local population. The maximum safe consumption of fish calculated based on the overall total mercury mean was set as 31, 147 and 173 g week⁻¹ for children, adult women and adult men, respectively, which is much lower than the reality of consumption by the riverside communities (2870 g week⁻¹).

Conclusion

There is an urgent need to reduce Hg exposure levels in the region as well as to recommend other protective nutritional strategies to the local population such as defining the fish species with lower mercury contamination levels and their safe weekly consumption.

导言巴西亚马逊拥有地球上最丰富的生物群落和最大的淡水资源。然而，人类活动也使该地区成为有记录以来人类接触汞最多的地区之一。因此，本研究旨在通过荟萃分析进行范围综述，以评估巴西亚马逊鱼类中的总汞（THg）和甲基汞（MeHg）水平，并对当地人群进行健康风险评估。对这些研究进行了原始平均值和亚组荟萃分析，随后进行了风险特征描述，并计算出亚马孙地区人口食用鱼类的最大安全摄入量。巴西亚马逊鱼类的总汞平均值为 0.29 微克/克-¹。根据鱼类营养级的不同，总汞水平之间存在显著差异（p <0.05），这加强了甲基汞的生物放大作用。将所有鱼类样本的三卤甲烷含量汇总后，发现亚马逊各州和鱼类采样季节之间并无显著差异。不过，也不能排除不同微区之间的明显差异以及不同季节不同物种之间的差异。所有估计的甲基汞日摄入量都超过了 0.1 微克千克体重-¹日-¹的参考剂量，导致危害商数（HQ）大于 1，表明当地居民有长期接触甲基汞的风险。根据总汞平均值计算出的儿童、成年女性和成年男性的鱼类最大安全食用量分别为每周¹31克、147克和173克，远低于河流沿岸社区的实际食用量（每周¹2870克）。

{"title":"Total mercury and methylmercury levels in Brazilian Amazon fish: A scope review with meta-analysis and local population health risk assessment","authors":"Milena Dutra Pierezan , Rodrigo Barcellos Hoff , Eliane Teixeira Marsico , Silvani Verruck","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Brazilian Amazon has one of the richest biomes and the largest source of freshwater on the planet. However, anthropogenic activities have also turned this region into one of the highest points of human exposure to mercury ever recorded. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to perform a scope review with meta-analysis in order to evaluate the total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) levels in Brazilian Amazon fish, as well as to carry out a local population health risk assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was systematically performed in research databases and gray literature, remaining 14 studies from 2017 to 2022 for final analysis. The studies were submitted to raw mean and subgroup meta-analysis, followed by a risk characterization and the calculation of a maximum safe consumption of fish for the Amazonian population.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The selected studies covered 4 Amazonian states, as well as included the analysis of >30 fish species of different trophic levels and sampling in >15 cities. The overall total mercury mean obtained for Brazilian Amazon fish was 0.29 ug g⁻¹. Significant difference was observed between THg levels according to fish trophic level (<em>p</em> < 0.05), which reinforces the MeHg biomagnification. When THg levels from all fish samples were pooled, it was not observed a significant difference among the Amazonian states and the fish sampling season. However, significant variations between microregions and species-specific variations over the seasons should not be discarded. All estimated daily methylmercury intake exceeded the reference dose of 0.1 ug kg BW⁻¹ day⁻¹, resulting in a hazard quotient (HQ) greater than 1 and indicating a risk of chronic exposure by the local population. The maximum safe consumption of fish calculated based on the overall total mercury mean was set as 31, 147 and 173 g week⁻¹ for children, adult women and adult men, respectively, which is much lower than the reality of consumption by the riverside communities (2870 g week⁻¹).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is an urgent need to reduce Hg exposure levels in the region as well as to recommend other protective nutritional strategies to the local population such as defining the fish species with lower mercury contamination levels and their safe weekly consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemometric evaluation, source apportionment, and health risk analysis of natural spring water in Murree, outer Himalayas 外喜马拉雅山穆尔里天然泉水的化学计量学评估、水源分配和健康风险分析

Journal of trace elements and minerals

Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100195

Mavia Anjum , Naila Siddique , Hannan Younis , Yasir Faiz , Munib Ahmed Shafique , Mahnoor , Ansar Abbas , Muzzamil Younas

Introduction

Contamination of water is a critical threat to human health at a global level. Water pollutants, such as heavy metals, can have adverse effects on the well-being of humans, animals, and the natural ecosystem of a region.

Study Area

Murree is the most visited tourist destination in Pakistan. The rural population of Murree uses natural spring water for drinking, household use, and irrigation.

Methods

This study assessed the elemental concentration of water from 20 natural springs in Murree using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Source apportionment and spatial distribution of heavy metals were assessed using statistical approaches such as Pearson's correlation coefficient, principal component analysis, and interpolation. The study assessed the quality of water for drinking and irrigation in Murree's natural spring water using the metal index, sodium absorption ratio, magnesium absorption ratio, percentage sodium, Kelly's ratio, and salinity hazard. The health risks associated with heavy metals were assessed by computing Average daily dose, Hazard quotient, Hazard Index, and Cancer Risk.

Results

The mean concentration of metals in mgL^-1 varied in the following order: Ca (51.23) > Na (22.3) > Mg (16.26) > Si (6.51) > K (1.59) > Se (1.17) > Sr (0.48) > Ba (0.209) > Al (0.060) > Li (0.015) > Zn (0.005) > Fe (0.0033) > Ni (0.0032) > Cr (0.001). Metal index was calculated for Al (0.3), Ba (0.29), Cr (0.024), Ni (0.14), Fe (0.004), Zn (0.002), Sr (0.07), Mg (0.32), and Ca (0.25), revealing low levels of metal pollution. The geology of the study area was identified as the primary source of heavy metals in the water. The estimated values of health hazards showed that ingestion is the primary exposure pathway, with children having a higher risk. The health hazards posed by the heavy metal contact from the waters of Murree are not alarming. Quality indices show that the irrigation water sourced from the natural springs is of satisfactory quality.

Conclusion

The study concluded that the spring water of Murree has low concentrations of heavy metals; their concentration is dependent upon the geology of the study area and is good for drinking and irrigation.

引言在全球范围内，水污染是对人类健康的严重威胁。重金属等水污染物会对人类、动物和一个地区的自然生态系统造成不利影响。这项研究使用电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱法评估了穆尔里 20 处天然泉水的元素浓度。采用皮尔逊相关系数、主成分分析和插值法等统计方法评估了重金属的来源分配和空间分布。研究使用金属指数、钠吸收比、镁吸收比、钠百分比、凯利比和盐度危害评估了穆尔里天然泉水中的饮用水和灌溉用水质量。通过计算日平均剂量、危害商数、危害指数和癌症风险，评估了与重金属有关的健康风险：Ca（51.23）；Na（22.3）；Mg（16.26）；Si（6.51）；K（1.59）；Se（1.17）；Sr（0.48）；Ba（0.209) > Al (0.060) > Li (0.015) > Zn (0.005) > Fe (0.0033) > Ni (0.0032) > Cr (0.001).计算的金属指数包括 Al (0.3)、Ba (0.29)、Cr (0.024)、Ni (0.14)、Fe (0.004)、Zn (0.002)、Sr (0.07)、Mg (0.32) 和 Ca (0.25)，表明金属污染程度较低。研究区域的地质被认为是水中重金属的主要来源。健康危害估计值显示，摄入是主要的接触途径，儿童的风险更高。从穆尔里水域接触重金属对健康造成的危害并不严重。水质指数表明，来自天然泉水的灌溉用水水质令人满意。

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引用次数: 0

Water hardness affecting glyphosate efficiency for weed control and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) yield production 水硬度对草甘膦除草效率和番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum L.）产量的影响

Journal of trace elements and minerals

Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100191

Zeynab Alipour , Ebrahim Panahpour , Mani Mojadam , Ali Gholami , Navid Ghanavati

Background

The reduced use of herbicides such as glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), as an effective method for weed control in the field, is an important goal, which may be achieved by using sustainable strategies for crop production. In the arid and semi-arid areas due to the use of ground water for crop production, water hardness may affect glyphosate efficiency, which is of economic and environmental significance.

Objectives and Methods

The objective was to investigate how water hardness (0 (W1), 200 (W2), 300 (W3) and 400 mg l^-1 (W4)) affect the efficiency of glyphosate (0 (G1), 100 (G2), 150 (G3), 200 g ha^-1 (G4)) (0, 75, 112.5, 150 g ha^-1 acid equivalent) on weed growth (Convolvulus arvensis, Malva sylvestris and Cynodon dactylon) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) yield in the field using a factorial experiment on the basis of a complete randomized block design with three replicates.

Results

The single and the interaction effects of water hardness and glyphosate significantly affected different weeds (158 g weed weight for W2G1, and 25.3 g for W1G4) and tomato plant measured parameters. Increasing water hardness decreased glyphosate efficiency in controlling weeds, but it enhanced plant height. Higher water hardness increased tomato leaf area, however, higher glyphosate rates decreased it. Treatments W1G2 (1617 g plot^-1) and W1G4 (220.8 g plot^-1) resulted in the highest and the least tomato yield, respectively. At the highest level of glyphosate, W2 resulted in the highest tomato yield, compared with the other treatments. The highest and the least plant dry weight was resulted by W4G2 (232.7 g) and W1G4 (196.8 g), respectively.

Conclusion

The proper concentrations of water hardness and glyphosate may efficiently control weeds and results in optimum tomato yield in the arid and semi-arid areas.

背景减少草甘膦（N-（膦酰基甲基）甘氨酸）等除草剂的使用是一项重要目标，它是田间除草的有效方法，可通过采用可持续的作物生产策略来实现。在干旱和半干旱地区，由于使用地下水进行作物生产，水的硬度可能会影响草甘膦的效率，这对经济和环境都具有重要意义。目的和方法目的是研究水的硬度（0 (W1)、200 (W2)、300 (W3) 和 400 mg l-1 (W4)）如何影响草甘膦（0 (G1)、100 (G2)、150 (G3)、200 g ha-1 (G4)）（0、75、112.结果水硬度和草甘膦的单一效应和交互效应显著影响不同杂草（W2G1 杂草重量为 158 克，W1G4 为 25.3 克）和番茄植株的测量参数。水硬度增加会降低草甘膦的除草效率，但会提高植株高度。水硬度越高，番茄叶面积越大，但草甘膦用量越高，叶面积越小。W1G2（1617 克/小区-1）和 W1G4（220.8 克/小区-1）处理的番茄产量分别最高和最低。与其他处理相比，草甘膦用量最高的处理 W2 番茄产量最高。结论：在干旱和半干旱地区，适当浓度的水硬度和草甘膦可有效控制杂草，使番茄获得最佳产量。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative protective activity of aqueous Zingiber officinale root and Theobroma cacao seed extracts on lead acetate-induced cerebellar toxicity in rats 辣根和可可豆种子水提取物对醋酸铅诱导的大鼠小脑毒性的保护活性比较

Journal of trace elements and minerals

Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100190

Adaze Bijou Enogieru, Osagie Usman Idemudia

Background

Lead has been associated with human activities since time immemorial and is reported to induce antioxidant and neurobehavioral impairments in animals and humans. The present study examined and compared the protective activity of aqueous Zingiber officinale root (ZO) and Theobroma cacao seed (TC) extracts against Pb-induced cerebellar toxicity.

Methodology

Twenty-four rats, divided into four equal groups, received as follows: 1 ml H₂O/day; 100 mg.kg^-1 body weight (BW)/day of lead acetate (Pb) only; 500 mg.kg^-1 BW/day of ZO and 100 mg.kg^-1 BW/day of Pb; and 500 mg.kg^-1 BW/day of TC and 100 mg.kg^-1 BW/day of Pb, orally for twenty-eight days. Afterwards, neurobehavioural tests were conducted and the harvested cerebellums were used for antioxidant enzymes activity, Pb and lipid peroxidation concentrations as well as histological evaluations, following the sacrifice of experimental rats.

Results

Findings revealed significant neurobehavioural and antioxidant enzymes impairment, elevated levels of cerebellar Pb and lipid peroxidation, and microstructure alterations in the cerebellum of Pb-exposed rats. Although pretreatment with ZO and TC significantly attenuated these Pb-induced effects, ZO was more potent in its neuroprotective activity than TC.

Conclusion

Taken together, ZO and TC can be further developed as novel neuroprotective agents against Pb toxicity.

背景据报道，铅自古以来就与人类活动有关，会诱发动物和人类的抗氧化和神经行为障碍。本研究考察并比较了银杏根（Zingiber officinale root，ZO）和可可豆籽（Theobroma cacao seed，TC）水提取物对铅诱导的小脑毒性的保护活性：每天 1 毫升水；每天仅 100 毫克/千克体重（BW）的醋酸铅（Pb）；每天 500 毫克/千克体重（BW）的 ZO 和 100 毫克/千克体重（BW）的 Pb；以及每天 500 毫克/千克体重（BW）的 TC 和 100 毫克/千克体重（BW）的 Pb，连续口服 28 天。结果发现，铅暴露大鼠的小脑神经行为和抗氧化酶功能明显受损，小脑铅和脂质过氧化物水平升高，小脑微结构发生改变。结论综合来看，ZO 和 TC 可被进一步开发为抗铅毒性的新型神经保护剂。

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引用次数: 0

Plasma volume is associated with micronutrient mass but not concentration in healthy US women of reproductive age 美国健康育龄妇女的血浆容量与微量营养素的质量有关，但与浓度无关

Journal of trace elements and minerals

Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100187

Sixtus Aguree , Leigh A. Martin , Alison D. Gernand

Background

Plasma transports nutrients and composes more than half of the volume of blood. A few prior studies suggest that plasma volume fluctuations may impact certain micronutrient concentrations. We hypothesized a slight negative correlation between plasma volume and micronutrient biomarkers throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women of reproductive age (n = 45).

Methods

The study involved three visits during one menstrual cycle where fasting blood samples were taken to measure biomarker concentrations for zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese, iron, ferritin, retinol, and hemoglobin. A bolus dose of indocyanine green (ICG; equivalent to 0.25 mg.kg^-1 of body weight) was injected to measure plasma volume. The total circulating micronutrient biomarker mass was calculated using the plasma volume and biomarker concentration. We used Spearman's correlation and fractional polynomial regression techniques to assess the relationship between plasma volume and biomarker concentration and mass.

Results

Plasma volume ranged from 1210 to 3520 mL. During all three visits, the correlation between micronutrient biomarker concentrations and plasma volume ranged from -0.05 to 0.10 (all P > 0.05); However, there was a strong positive correlation between biomarker mass and plasma volume, ranging from 0.26 to 0.95 (all P < 0.05). Five of the eight biomarkers examined (zinc, copper, magnesium, retinol, and hemoglobin) showed a correlation coefficient > 0.70 (P < 0.001) between mass and plasma volume.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that biomarker concentrations are maintained across a range of plasma volume, suggesting that plasma volume may not be necessary to interpret micronutrient status in healthy non-pregnant women of reproductive age.

背景血浆运输营养物质，占血液容积的一半以上。之前的一些研究表明，血浆容量的波动可能会影响某些微量营养素的浓度。我们假设在健康育龄妇女（n = 45）的整个月经周期中，血浆容量与微量营养素生物标志物之间存在轻微的负相关。注射吲哚菁绿（ICG，相当于 0.25 mg.kg-1（体重））来测量血浆容量。利用血浆容量和生物标记物浓度计算循环中微量营养素生物标记物的总质量。我们使用斯皮尔曼相关性和分数多项式回归技术来评估血浆容量与生物标志物浓度和质量之间的关系。在所有三次检查中，微量营养素生物标志物浓度与血浆容量之间的相关性从-0.05到0.10不等（所有P均为0.05）；然而，生物标志物质量与血浆容量之间存在很强的正相关性，从0.26到0.95不等（所有P均为0.05）。结论我们的研究结果表明，生物标志物的浓度在一定范围内的血浆容量都能保持不变，这表明在健康的非怀孕育龄妇女中，血浆容量可能不是解释微量营养素状况的必要条件。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical manifestation and management of hypomagnesemia in Theileria spp. infected periparturient Malabari goats 马拉巴里山羊围产期低镁血症的临床表现和处理方法

Journal of trace elements and minerals

Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100192

G. Nithya , Y. Ajith , Varghese Raina , Thulasi Thushar , Sasi Adithya , K．S. Athira , P. Preena , Hiron M. Harshan , K．Justin Davis

Background

Grass tetany or hypomagnesemia is a metabolic syndrome causing acute neurological manifestations in periparturient ruminants grazing on rapidly grown green pastures or cereal crops with high potassium or nitrogen content and low magnesium levels. Clinical reports of naturally occurring grass tetany in goats are least described in the literature and it is considered to be a rare disease. The present study documents the clinical manifestation and management of hypomagnesemia-associated excitatory neuropathy in two Theileria spp. infected Malabari goats presented to the small ruminant medicine OP unit of the University Veterinary Hospital and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India.

Methods

The first goat was in the last trimester of pregnancy and was showing signs of hyperesthesia, limping, difficulty in standing, and inappetence for the last six hours. The second goat was kidded six weeks back and was showing recurrent epileptic seizures and hyporexia from the previous day. Both the goats were kept on extensive grazing from the forest areas with unidentified lush vegetation. On clinical evaluation, both the goats were showing persistent excitatory neurological signs. Fecal examination, peripheral blood smear examination, PCR screening panel for hemoparasites, Complete Blood Count, and serum levels of calcium, magnesium, and glucose were evaluated.

Results

A significant reduction in serum magnesium levels was noted in both cases along with the varied glucose levels. Theileria spp. infection was noticed in blood smear examination and confirmed by PCR. The goats responded well to the therapy using MIFEX™ and other supportive medications and showed uneventful recovery.

Conclusion

It is suggested that the farmers should be vigilant enough while allowing goats to graze in unknown vegetation and prevent indiscriminate fodder intake during periods of drought. This is the first documented report of hypomagnesemic excitatory neurologic symptoms in Theileria spp. infected periparturient Malabari goats and showing response to appropriate therapy.

背景草地四肢抽搐症或低镁血症是一种代谢综合征，会导致在快速生长的绿色牧草或谷类作物上放牧的围产期反刍动物出现急性神经症状，这些牧草或谷类作物的钾或氮含量高而镁含量低。文献中关于山羊自然发生的草地四肢抽搐症的临床报告最少，被认为是一种罕见疾病。本研究记录了印度喀拉拉邦 Thrissur 市 Mannuthy 大学兽医院和教学兽医临床综合大楼小反刍兽医 OP 部门接诊的两只受 Theileria 感染的马拉巴里山羊的低镁血症相关兴奋性神经病的临床表现和处理方法。第二只山羊是六周前产下的仔羊，从前一天开始就表现出癫痫反复发作和厌食。这两只山羊都在林区大量放牧，林区植被茂盛。经临床评估，两只山羊均表现出持续的兴奋性神经症状。对两只山羊的粪便检查、外周血涂片检查、血液寄生虫 PCR 筛查、全血细胞计数以及血清钙、镁和葡萄糖水平进行了评估。在血液涂片检查中发现了 Theileria spp.感染，并通过 PCR 进行了确认。山羊对 MIFEX™ 和其他辅助药物的治疗反应良好，恢复顺利。这是第一份关于马拉巴里山羊受 Theileria 感染后出现低镁兴奋性神经症状并对适当治疗有反应的文献报道。

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引用次数: 0