Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1797455
Nyamadzawo Sibanda, Anne Stanton
ABSTRACT Migration is reputed to have development prospects for the sending and host countries as well as migrants. Therefore, an effective migration governance system must be put in place to achieve this triple-win developmental aspiration. This paper, however, argues that when they migrate, migrants have their own subjective well-being in mind, and not some common national development objectives. The other developmental outcomes depend on this self-interestedness of migrants. As such, the institutional provisions for migration governance must be put in place to achieve migrant well-being, as a precondition for positive macro-developmental prospects for both the receiving and sending countries. The paper explored this objective in South Africa. The Migration Governance Framework (MiGoF) and the subjective well-being framework proposed by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) were used to assess the assumptions of this objective. Reviewing literature of surveys conducted with immigrants in three cities (Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg), it was found that while South Africa has one of the most mature and developed migration governance infrastructure, it has not been sufficiently translated into realising migrant well-being. Despite all the attractive pull factors and opportunities, most immigrants in South Africa live in socio-economic misery and political uncertainty.
{"title":"Challenges of socio-economic mobility for international migrants in South Africa","authors":"Nyamadzawo Sibanda, Anne Stanton","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1797455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1797455","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Migration is reputed to have development prospects for the sending and host countries as well as migrants. Therefore, an effective migration governance system must be put in place to achieve this triple-win developmental aspiration. This paper, however, argues that when they migrate, migrants have their own subjective well-being in mind, and not some common national development objectives. The other developmental outcomes depend on this self-interestedness of migrants. As such, the institutional provisions for migration governance must be put in place to achieve migrant well-being, as a precondition for positive macro-developmental prospects for both the receiving and sending countries. The paper explored this objective in South Africa. The Migration Governance Framework (MiGoF) and the subjective well-being framework proposed by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) were used to assess the assumptions of this objective. Reviewing literature of surveys conducted with immigrants in three cities (Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg), it was found that while South Africa has one of the most mature and developed migration governance infrastructure, it has not been sufficiently translated into realising migrant well-being. Despite all the attractive pull factors and opportunities, most immigrants in South Africa live in socio-economic misery and political uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"484 - 500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1797455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44188032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1797454
M. Serrano, Loresel Abainza, G. Calfat
ABSTRACT Taking a transnational approach to return migration, this article draws significance on the onsite migration experiences of migrant workers, dubbed as ‘left ahead’. Integrating transnationalism dimensions with the return preparedness framework, the study explores the return discourses ‘from above’ through institutional actors and policies in the Italy–Philippines migration nexus; and ‘from below’ through the narratives of migrant Filipino workers in the city of Rome. The article shows that return framings were seen as a process of preparation, rather than of permanence to the linear binary flow of human mobility. Such preparation is done by the migrant workers through economic, political, and socio-cultural transnational activities, which underscored the vitality of examining host-home links that migrant workers sustain under the conditionalities of both countries. The article highlights the vitality of the onsite stage of the migratory process, where development should also take place. It necessitates to critically look at how migrant workers are able to mobilize their resources under the host-home country conditions. The article supports the imperative of ‘deterritorializing’ development for the migrant workers for them to fully exercise their agency towards shaping their successful return.
{"title":"Rethinking return from the ‘left ahead’: the case of Filipino migrant workers in transnational spaces in Rome Italy","authors":"M. Serrano, Loresel Abainza, G. Calfat","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1797454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1797454","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Taking a transnational approach to return migration, this article draws significance on the onsite migration experiences of migrant workers, dubbed as ‘left ahead’. Integrating transnationalism dimensions with the return preparedness framework, the study explores the return discourses ‘from above’ through institutional actors and policies in the Italy–Philippines migration nexus; and ‘from below’ through the narratives of migrant Filipino workers in the city of Rome. The article shows that return framings were seen as a process of preparation, rather than of permanence to the linear binary flow of human mobility. Such preparation is done by the migrant workers through economic, political, and socio-cultural transnational activities, which underscored the vitality of examining host-home links that migrant workers sustain under the conditionalities of both countries. The article highlights the vitality of the onsite stage of the migratory process, where development should also take place. It necessitates to critically look at how migrant workers are able to mobilize their resources under the host-home country conditions. The article supports the imperative of ‘deterritorializing’ development for the migrant workers for them to fully exercise their agency towards shaping their successful return.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"86 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1797454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42621615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-29DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1787106
Anoji Ekanayake, K. Amirthalingam
ABSTRACT Since the boom in the economies of Gulf countries in the mid-1970s, the region has gradually become an appealing destination for professional migrants. In the Gulf, professionals gain skills and knowledge which could be beneficial for their home countries. However, the majority of studies on professional migrants have only focused on those who migrate to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This study on Sri Lankan professional migrants to Qatar attempts to address this dearth in literature by assessing the skills and long-term plans of Sri Lankan professionals in Qatar. The study is based on primary data gathered via in-depth interviews and an online survey of 125 Sri Lankan professionals based in Qatar. Drawing on the concepts of brain drain and brain gain and using a mixed-method analysis, the study identifies that the enhancement of communication, technical, managerial and other skills and the exposure to cutting-edge technologies by Sri Lankan professionals in Qatar are valuable for Sri Lanka. The study also identifies that the majority of Sri Lankan professionals in Qatar have prolonged their stay in the country. Moreover, a significant number of these professionals intend to migrate to OECD countries permanently without returning to Sri Lanka, which prevents the country from benefiting from their skills.
{"title":"Impact of migration of Sri Lankan professionals to Qatar on skill acquisition and brain drain","authors":"Anoji Ekanayake, K. Amirthalingam","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1787106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787106","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the boom in the economies of Gulf countries in the mid-1970s, the region has gradually become an appealing destination for professional migrants. In the Gulf, professionals gain skills and knowledge which could be beneficial for their home countries. However, the majority of studies on professional migrants have only focused on those who migrate to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This study on Sri Lankan professional migrants to Qatar attempts to address this dearth in literature by assessing the skills and long-term plans of Sri Lankan professionals in Qatar. The study is based on primary data gathered via in-depth interviews and an online survey of 125 Sri Lankan professionals based in Qatar. Drawing on the concepts of brain drain and brain gain and using a mixed-method analysis, the study identifies that the enhancement of communication, technical, managerial and other skills and the exposure to cutting-edge technologies by Sri Lankan professionals in Qatar are valuable for Sri Lanka. The study also identifies that the majority of Sri Lankan professionals in Qatar have prolonged their stay in the country. Moreover, a significant number of these professionals intend to migrate to OECD countries permanently without returning to Sri Lanka, which prevents the country from benefiting from their skills.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"450 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43302972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-29DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1787098
Sunkung Danso, I. Soeparna
ABSTRACT Migration has a long history in Europe and it took centre stage in German politics since the 1970s. European Union (EU) immigration laws advocate for effective and efficient management of immigration in the EU. In this discourse, neoclassical economic theories were engaged to explain why people migrate and what are the factors that attract them to move. This research is aimed at examining the circumstances surrounding the deportation of Gambian nationals from Germany and assess EU immigration law to establish that Common European Asylum System which is neither a failure nor success in terms of implementation. This research adopts qualitative methods to discuss EU immigration law, Common European Asylum policy and provide an explanation of the actions of German government in the deportation of Gambian nationals from Germany. In conclusion, the Government of the Gambia needs to be serious about development and creates an initiative that will bring sovereign national wealth. The Government of the Gambia depends on EU for many processes such as budgetary support, development projects, etc. As long as the Government of the Gambia continues to depend on the EU for economic and social advancement, more Gambian migrants will continue to be deported from EU member countries.
{"title":"European Union immigration law and the deportation of Gambian nationals from Germany","authors":"Sunkung Danso, I. Soeparna","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1787098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787098","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Migration has a long history in Europe and it took centre stage in German politics since the 1970s. European Union (EU) immigration laws advocate for effective and efficient management of immigration in the EU. In this discourse, neoclassical economic theories were engaged to explain why people migrate and what are the factors that attract them to move. This research is aimed at examining the circumstances surrounding the deportation of Gambian nationals from Germany and assess EU immigration law to establish that Common European Asylum System which is neither a failure nor success in terms of implementation. This research adopts qualitative methods to discuss EU immigration law, Common European Asylum policy and provide an explanation of the actions of German government in the deportation of Gambian nationals from Germany. In conclusion, the Government of the Gambia needs to be serious about development and creates an initiative that will bring sovereign national wealth. The Government of the Gambia depends on EU for many processes such as budgetary support, development projects, etc. As long as the Government of the Gambia continues to depend on the EU for economic and social advancement, more Gambian migrants will continue to be deported from EU member countries.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"372 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47620106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-27DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1797459
Jesenia Verdezoto, Veronica Llanes
ABSTRACT Multiple studies have explored the impact of international migration on family members. Nonetheless, scant attention has been given to the experiences of children who stay in the home country. This paper addresses this gap in the transnational family life literature by exploring father-child separation from the viewpoints of children in the country of origin. This is key to understanding the implications that separation has on the family’s well-being, thus providing a broader assessment of the effects of international migration. Through a qualitative study based on interviews and field observations, we seek to obtain a wider vision of the context in which the transnational father-child relationship evolves and understand how the children’s perception of the separation varies according to it. We can accomplish this by choosing three locations that are home to pioneer migrants in Ecuador, which have the highest rates of international migration. Qualitative data was collected from migrant men’s children in Biblián, Sígsig, and Calderón. Most of the migrant fathers, except for one, were undocumented at the time of fieldwork. Overall, we argue that although transnational fatherhood and experiences should not be assumed to be fixed but influenced by context, father-child separation does have implications, particularly, for boys.
{"title":"Transnational narratives: father-child separation from the perspective of migrant men’s children in Ecuador","authors":"Jesenia Verdezoto, Veronica Llanes","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1797459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1797459","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Multiple studies have explored the impact of international migration on family members. Nonetheless, scant attention has been given to the experiences of children who stay in the home country. This paper addresses this gap in the transnational family life literature by exploring father-child separation from the viewpoints of children in the country of origin. This is key to understanding the implications that separation has on the family’s well-being, thus providing a broader assessment of the effects of international migration. Through a qualitative study based on interviews and field observations, we seek to obtain a wider vision of the context in which the transnational father-child relationship evolves and understand how the children’s perception of the separation varies according to it. We can accomplish this by choosing three locations that are home to pioneer migrants in Ecuador, which have the highest rates of international migration. Qualitative data was collected from migrant men’s children in Biblián, Sígsig, and Calderón. Most of the migrant fathers, except for one, were undocumented at the time of fieldwork. Overall, we argue that although transnational fatherhood and experiences should not be assumed to be fixed but influenced by context, father-child separation does have implications, particularly, for boys.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"9 1","pages":"428 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1797459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42271212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1787099
A. Noushad, J. Parida, R. Raman
ABSTRACT This study explores the recent trends, state-wise changing patterns and determinants of low-skilled emigration from India to Gulf Cooperation Council using both familiar and unexplored sources of data. Moreover, it examines the developmental impacts of remittances in India at a great detail. We find that Indian diaspora across the globe is on the rise, with a shifting destinations from backward Asian regions to relatively advanced regions of the North America, Europe and Oceania. In India, when a state is backward in terms of development and well-being, it had the tendency to push its labour to the low-skilled migration streams, with a tendency to ‘withdraw’ when the state advances further. Poverty and unemployment are among the major determinants of the low-skilled emigration in India. Although we do not find any direct impact of remittances on growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), its impact on development and well-being is enormous. As overall unemployment is rising, a pro-emigration foreign policy is the immediate need of the hour. Moreover, endorsing skill development of youths could sustain overall development through increased skilled emigration to the North America, Europe and Oceania regions, and consequently increased inflow of remittances in the long run.
{"title":"Low-skilled emigration, remittances and economic development in India","authors":"A. Noushad, J. Parida, R. Raman","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1787099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787099","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores the recent trends, state-wise changing patterns and determinants of low-skilled emigration from India to Gulf Cooperation Council using both familiar and unexplored sources of data. Moreover, it examines the developmental impacts of remittances in India at a great detail. We find that Indian diaspora across the globe is on the rise, with a shifting destinations from backward Asian regions to relatively advanced regions of the North America, Europe and Oceania. In India, when a state is backward in terms of development and well-being, it had the tendency to push its labour to the low-skilled migration streams, with a tendency to ‘withdraw’ when the state advances further. Poverty and unemployment are among the major determinants of the low-skilled emigration in India. Although we do not find any direct impact of remittances on growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), its impact on development and well-being is enormous. As overall unemployment is rising, a pro-emigration foreign policy is the immediate need of the hour. Moreover, endorsing skill development of youths could sustain overall development through increased skilled emigration to the North America, Europe and Oceania regions, and consequently increased inflow of remittances in the long run.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"389 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48478734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-14DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1787097
M. Moniruzzaman
ABSTRACT This paper examines the impact of international remittances on household food security, using robust food security measurement indices constructed from a cross-section sample of rural households in Bangladesh. A Two Stage Least Square Instrumental Variable Method (2SLS-IV) and Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) were used to regress food security measurement indicators with remittances and households socioeconomic and demographic variables. Results indicate that remittances influence food security conditions significantly and therefore represent a critical component of household food security. In general, remittances are positively correlated with household food-related consumption expenditures. The results also indicate that the presence of remittances reduces food-related uncertainties and provides a coping strategy for the household to counterbalance food-related shocks and improves the quality of diet in remittance-receiving households. Overall, it seems that emigration of a household member and consequent remittance flows increase the probability of a household being food secure.
{"title":"The Impact of remittances on household food security: Evidence from a survey in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Moniruzzaman","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1787097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787097","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the impact of international remittances on household food security, using robust food security measurement indices constructed from a cross-section sample of rural households in Bangladesh. A Two Stage Least Square Instrumental Variable Method (2SLS-IV) and Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) were used to regress food security measurement indicators with remittances and households socioeconomic and demographic variables. Results indicate that remittances influence food security conditions significantly and therefore represent a critical component of household food security. In general, remittances are positively correlated with household food-related consumption expenditures. The results also indicate that the presence of remittances reduces food-related uncertainties and provides a coping strategy for the household to counterbalance food-related shocks and improves the quality of diet in remittance-receiving households. Overall, it seems that emigration of a household member and consequent remittance flows increase the probability of a household being food secure.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"352 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42551236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-09DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1787104
Zahra Babar
ABSTRACT This paper provides an empirical account of how Pakistani labour recruiters, or ‘overseas employment promotors’ (OEPs), manage the needs and expectations of their migrant-clients while contending with the challenges of state governance. OEPs’ first-hand accounts suggest that they are frustrated by their inability to adequately ensure that the migrants they send to the Persian Gulf will thrive from the experience. OEPs identify three main issues that affect their ability to do their job well: unscrupulous recruiters and companies based in the Gulf who use the issuance of labour contracts to extract profits from migrants and Pakistani recruiters; a lack of support both from the Pakistani and Saudi Arabian state to address core issues that hamper migrants’ success; and the challenge of mediating long-distance on behalf of their migrant-clients once they are working in the Gulf.
{"title":"Purveyors of dreams: labour recruiters in the Pakistan to Saudi Arabia migration corridor","authors":"Zahra Babar","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1787104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper provides an empirical account of how Pakistani labour recruiters, or ‘overseas employment promotors’ (OEPs), manage the needs and expectations of their migrant-clients while contending with the challenges of state governance. OEPs’ first-hand accounts suggest that they are frustrated by their inability to adequately ensure that the migrants they send to the Persian Gulf will thrive from the experience. OEPs identify three main issues that affect their ability to do their job well: unscrupulous recruiters and companies based in the Gulf who use the issuance of labour contracts to extract profits from migrants and Pakistani recruiters; a lack of support both from the Pakistani and Saudi Arabian state to address core issues that hamper migrants’ success; and the challenge of mediating long-distance on behalf of their migrant-clients once they are working in the Gulf.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"68 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47608331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-07DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1787105
M. Ronald
ABSTRACT Uganda is one of the leading host countries for refugees in the East and Horn of Africa. Uganda’s location among instable neighbouring countries and its open door policy to refugees has seen a big number of refugees flowing into the country from Southern Sudan, Rwanda, Somalia, Burundi, Eritrea, Kenya, Ethiopia and Democratic Republic of Congo. Some of the refugees are hosted in Nakivale one of the biggest refugee camps in the country located in South Western Uganda. This paper documents the economic and environmental impacts of refugees in Nakivale refugee camp. Data were generated through Focus Group Discussion and interviewing camp leaders, government officials, local leaders, the refugees and community members. This paper contends that the establishment and dense occupancy of Nakivale refugee camp have exerted pressure on the environment as the refugees’ endeavor to revitalize their livelihoods. The increasing numbers of refugees and their active involvement in the production systems has had an impact on the economy. The government should harmonize the interpretation of the 2006 Refugee Act on the right of refugees to employment so that they can increasingly be engaged in production systems, sizes of land allocations should be increased to facilitate expansion in economic activities; and scale up the environment management aspects that has been rolled out in new Uganda Development Response to Displacement Project.
{"title":"An assessment of economic and environmental impacts of refugees in Nakivale, Uganda","authors":"M. Ronald","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1787105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Uganda is one of the leading host countries for refugees in the East and Horn of Africa. Uganda’s location among instable neighbouring countries and its open door policy to refugees has seen a big number of refugees flowing into the country from Southern Sudan, Rwanda, Somalia, Burundi, Eritrea, Kenya, Ethiopia and Democratic Republic of Congo. Some of the refugees are hosted in Nakivale one of the biggest refugee camps in the country located in South Western Uganda. This paper documents the economic and environmental impacts of refugees in Nakivale refugee camp. Data were generated through Focus Group Discussion and interviewing camp leaders, government officials, local leaders, the refugees and community members. This paper contends that the establishment and dense occupancy of Nakivale refugee camp have exerted pressure on the environment as the refugees’ endeavor to revitalize their livelihoods. The increasing numbers of refugees and their active involvement in the production systems has had an impact on the economy. The government should harmonize the interpretation of the 2006 Refugee Act on the right of refugees to employment so that they can increasingly be engaged in production systems, sizes of land allocations should be increased to facilitate expansion in economic activities; and scale up the environment management aspects that has been rolled out in new Uganda Development Response to Displacement Project.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"11 1","pages":"433 - 449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46479925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-07DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2020.1787100
Kidjie Saguin
ABSTRACT Most overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) return home broke despite years of earning more than what they can in the Philippines. This poor saving behaviour among Filipino migrant workers has been attributed to their unwillingness to save. This paper attempts to better understand this behaviour using the theory of transnationalism by exploring how migrant workers prepare for their eventual return and how these strategies affect the family left behind. With return migration viewed from a transnationalist perspective, the poor saving behaviour can be attributed to the continuous process of renegotiation of space for return being experienced by OFWs. Using qualitative information derived from interviews with current Filipina household service workers (HSW), the paper finds that Filipina migrant workers tend to use their income for social reintegration rather financial preparation. Instead of saving for their own retirement, they use their earnings to carve out the space for their return within their families through transnational practices such as sending remittances and regular visits. The reintegration policies treat migrant workers as economically active, entrepreneurial returnee that goes against this imagination of return, thus, only moderately successful in providing social protection for return migrants.
{"title":"Returning broke and broken? Return migration, reintegration and transnational social protection in the Philippines","authors":"Kidjie Saguin","doi":"10.1080/21632324.2020.1787100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787100","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) return home broke despite years of earning more than what they can in the Philippines. This poor saving behaviour among Filipino migrant workers has been attributed to their unwillingness to save. This paper attempts to better understand this behaviour using the theory of transnationalism by exploring how migrant workers prepare for their eventual return and how these strategies affect the family left behind. With return migration viewed from a transnationalist perspective, the poor saving behaviour can be attributed to the continuous process of renegotiation of space for return being experienced by OFWs. Using qualitative information derived from interviews with current Filipina household service workers (HSW), the paper finds that Filipina migrant workers tend to use their income for social reintegration rather financial preparation. Instead of saving for their own retirement, they use their earnings to carve out the space for their return within their families through transnational practices such as sending remittances and regular visits. The reintegration policies treat migrant workers as economically active, entrepreneurial returnee that goes against this imagination of return, thus, only moderately successful in providing social protection for return migrants.","PeriodicalId":74195,"journal":{"name":"Migration and development","volume":"9 1","pages":"352 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43569861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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