Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116182
Juan M. Cantet , Rafael A. Palladino , César Ocasio , Fernando Bargo , Ignacio R. Ipharraguerre
There is evidence that some fermentation products from yeast and fungi have positive effects on animal performance. However, results from different sources are inconsistent due to variations in types of diets or other factors across experiments. Therefore, our main goal was to evaluate the effects of feeding a fermentation product derived from the fungus Aspergillus oryzae (AO) on dairy cows’ performance through a meta-analysis from published literature. A database from experiments involving AO supplementation to dairy cows was built. In vivo experiments reported in selected peer-review papers published from 1984 to 2019 and 1 unpublished record were included. A total of 26 studies comprising 76 treatment means were pooled in the database. Data were analyzed by the means procedure of SAS (SAS 9.0, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). When dairy cows received AO as a supplement, milk yield and fat corrected milk were significantly (P < 0.0001) increased. Decreased milk fat and protein content was also found (P < 0.0001), probably because of the increased milk yield. Nutrient digestion, except for crude protein, was enhanced by AO supplementation (P < 0.0001). As the increase in dry matter intake from AO treatment does not fully explain the rise in milk production, it is likely that AO also influences nutrient bioavailability and partitioning for productive purposes. Our results indicate that AO shows a consistent response in milk production across feeding situations (season and feeding systems) and diets (forage type and level of concentrate), partly boosted by an increase in dry matter intake and by improvements in dry matter digestibility. Future work should focus on improving our understanding of the mode of action and, especially, how AO can affect the immune response in high-producing dairy cows.
{"title":"A meta-analysis of the impact of an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation product on ruminal fermentation and dairy cow performance","authors":"Juan M. Cantet , Rafael A. Palladino , César Ocasio , Fernando Bargo , Ignacio R. Ipharraguerre","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is evidence that some fermentation products from yeast and fungi have positive effects on animal performance. However, results from different sources are inconsistent due to variations in types of diets or other factors across experiments. Therefore, our main goal was to evaluate the effects of feeding a fermentation product derived from the fungus <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em> (<strong>AO</strong>) on dairy cows’ performance through a meta-analysis from published literature. A database from experiments involving AO supplementation to dairy cows was built. <em>In vivo</em> experiments reported in selected peer-review papers published from 1984 to 2019 and 1 unpublished record were included. A total of 26 studies comprising 76 treatment means were pooled in the database. Data were analyzed by the means procedure of SAS (SAS 9.0, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). When dairy cows received AO as a supplement, milk yield and fat corrected milk were significantly (P < 0.0001) increased. Decreased milk fat and protein content was also found (P < 0.0001), probably because of the increased milk yield. Nutrient digestion, except for crude protein, was enhanced by AO supplementation (P < 0.0001). As the increase in dry matter intake from AO treatment does not fully explain the rise in milk production, it is likely that AO also influences nutrient bioavailability and partitioning for productive purposes. Our results indicate that AO shows a consistent response in milk production across feeding situations (season and feeding systems) and diets (forage type and level of concentrate), partly boosted by an increase in dry matter intake and by improvements in dry matter digestibility. Future work should focus on improving our understanding of the mode of action and, especially, how AO can affect the immune response in high-producing dairy cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116175
Xinhui Yang , Ting Liu , Juwang Zhou , Lijing An , Faming Pan , Hui Zhang , Xinji Wang , Guoyan Xu , Chen Zheng
We aimed to investigate the effects of adding Bacillus subtilis to milk replacers on the incidence of diarrhea, growth performance, intestinal microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in newborn Hu lambs. Thirty newborn lambs with similar genetic backgrounds and initial body weights were selected and nursed by their dams for 4 days before transitioning to a milk replacer. At age 7 days, the lambs were randomly assigned to two experimental groups of 15 lambs each: CON (basic milk replacer feeding) and BS (basic milk replacer feeding supplemented with 0.2 % B. subtilis). At age 28 days, eight lambs in each group were randomly euthanized, and their colonic and cecal contents were collected for microbiological and SCFA analyses. The lambs were monitored daily to determine the incidence of diarrhea. The BS group showed significantly increased average daily feed intake and gain and significantly reduced incidence of diarrhea. Furthermore, dry matter digestibility and crude protein and ether extract content increased in the BS group compared with those in the CON group. Increased acetate and total SCFA concentrations were noted in the colon and cecum, with elevated propionate levels specifically in the cecum. Microbiota analysis revealed that B. subtilis supplementation enhanced microbial diversity and beneficially modulated bacterial communities. Potentially harmful bacteria showed significantly decreased abundance in the colon (Campylobacterota by 11.09 % and Fusobacteriota by 2.98 %), whereas beneficial bacteria exhibited increased abundance (Firmicutes by 8.9 %, Actinobacteriota by 3.59 %, Lactobacillus by 5.92 %, and Bifidobacterium by 3.18 %). Similar trends were observed in the cecum, with decreases in Campylobacterota (4.82 %) and Fusobacteriota (3.12 %) and increases in Bacteroidota (4.11 %), Lactobacillus (3.75 %), and Prevotella (3.59 %). These findings indicate that adding 0.2 % B. subtilis to the milk replacer is an effective approach for enhancing lamb growth performance, maintaining intestinal health, and improving the intestinal microbiota.
{"title":"Effects of Bacillus subtilis addition to milk replacer on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid concentration of Hu lambs","authors":"Xinhui Yang , Ting Liu , Juwang Zhou , Lijing An , Faming Pan , Hui Zhang , Xinji Wang , Guoyan Xu , Chen Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We aimed to investigate the effects of adding <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> to milk replacers on the incidence of diarrhea, growth performance, intestinal microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in newborn Hu lambs. Thirty newborn lambs with similar genetic backgrounds and initial body weights were selected and nursed by their dams for 4 days before transitioning to a milk replacer. At age 7 days, the lambs were randomly assigned to two experimental groups of 15 lambs each: CON (basic milk replacer feeding) and BS (basic milk replacer feeding supplemented with 0.2 % <em>B. subtilis</em>). At age 28 days, eight lambs in each group were randomly euthanized, and their colonic and cecal contents were collected for microbiological and SCFA analyses. The lambs were monitored daily to determine the incidence of diarrhea. The BS group showed significantly increased average daily feed intake and gain and significantly reduced incidence of diarrhea. Furthermore, dry matter digestibility and crude protein and ether extract content increased in the BS group compared with those in the CON group. Increased acetate and total SCFA concentrations were noted in the colon and cecum, with elevated propionate levels specifically in the cecum. Microbiota analysis revealed that <em>B. subtilis</em> supplementation enhanced microbial diversity and beneficially modulated bacterial communities. Potentially harmful bacteria showed significantly decreased abundance in the colon (<em>Campylobacterota</em> by 11.09 % and <em>Fusobacteriota</em> by 2.98 %), whereas beneficial bacteria exhibited increased abundance (<em>Firmicutes</em> by 8.9 %, <em>Actinobacteriota</em> by 3.59 %, <em>Lactobacillus</em> by 5.92 %, and <em>Bifidobacterium</em> by 3.18 %). Similar trends were observed in the cecum, with decreases in <em>Campylobacterota</em> (4.82 %) and <em>Fusobacteriota</em> (3.12 %) and increases in <em>Bacteroidota</em> (4.11 %), <em>Lactobacillus</em> (3.75 %), and <em>Prevotella</em> (3.59 %). These findings indicate that adding 0.2 % <em>B. subtilis</em> to the milk replacer is an effective approach for enhancing lamb growth performance, maintaining intestinal health, and improving the intestinal microbiota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116176
Carmelo Mastroeni , Erica Fiorbelli , Samantha Sigolo , Valentina Novara , Eliana Carboni , Ivan Eisner , Paolo Fantinati , Antonio Gallo
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a commercial bacterial inoculant in combination with sodium benzoate on aerobic spoilage of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) in the upper layer of a bunker silo. More specifically, we compared control silage (CTR) that was treated with water alone and experimental silage (OS) that was inoculated with SiloSolve® OS (a combination of Enterococcus faecium [DSM 22502/1k20602], Lactococcus lactis [DSM 11037/1k2081], and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum [DSM 16568/1k20720]) in combination with sodium-benzoate. After harvest, 1000 kg of freshly chopped corn was divided into two equal groups (OS and CTR), followed by homogenization with a pitchfork. For each group, 12 silo-NET bags (SNBs; high density polyethylene, 27 ×120 cm, 200 µm mesh pores) were filled with approximately 5.5 kg of freshly chopped forage, and then buried at a depth of 0.30 m in different regions of a bunker silo (26 m long, 8.5 m wide, 3.5 m high) for 98, 142, or 217 days. The bunker silo was divided lengthwise into two equal parts, and a 2-m buffer zone separated the CTR group and the OS group. After application of each treatment, the SNBs were removed from the ensiled mass, weighed, and mixed thoroughly, followed by measurement of chemical, fermentative, and microbiological parameters. The OS group had a decreased loss of dry matter (5.3 ± 4.72 vs. 12.5 ± 4.72 g/kg DM, P < 0.05), greater aerobic stability (302.0 ± 64.5 vs. 225.7 ± 64.5 h, P < 0.05), a lower count of yeasts (2.33 ± 0.84 vs. 3.74 ± 0.84 log10[CFU/g], P < 0.05), and a lower count of molds (2.24 ± 0.50 vs. 3.12 ± 0.50 log10[CFU/g], P < 0.05). During the feed-out phase, the temperature of the core and top layer of the bunker and the amount of WPCS waste were determined for the two groups. The temperature was consistently lower in the OS group, and the total amount of waste (2.01 % of total WPCS) was 43 % lower in the OS group. We conclude that treatment of the top layer of WPCS in a bunker silo with a commercial inoculant and sodium benzoate can decrease spoilage and increase the economic value of silage.
{"title":"Improving the quality of whole-plant corn silage in the top layer of a silo by using an inoculant in combination with sodium benzoate","authors":"Carmelo Mastroeni , Erica Fiorbelli , Samantha Sigolo , Valentina Novara , Eliana Carboni , Ivan Eisner , Paolo Fantinati , Antonio Gallo","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a commercial bacterial inoculant in combination with sodium benzoate on aerobic spoilage of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) in the upper layer of a bunker silo. More specifically, we compared control silage (CTR) that was treated with water alone and experimental silage (OS) that was inoculated with SiloSolve® OS (a combination of <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> [DSM 22502/1k20602], <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> [DSM 11037/1k2081], and <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> [DSM 16568/1k20720]) in combination with sodium-benzoate. After harvest, 1000 kg of freshly chopped corn was divided into two equal groups (OS and CTR), followed by homogenization with a pitchfork. For each group, 12 silo-NET bags (SNBs; high density polyethylene, 27 ×120 cm, 200 µm mesh pores) were filled with approximately 5.5 kg of freshly chopped forage, and then buried at a depth of 0.30 m in different regions of a bunker silo (26 m long, 8.5 m wide, 3.5 m high) for 98, 142, or 217 days. The bunker silo was divided lengthwise into two equal parts, and a 2-m buffer zone separated the CTR group and the OS group. After application of each treatment, the SNBs were removed from the ensiled mass, weighed, and mixed thoroughly, followed by measurement of chemical, fermentative, and microbiological parameters. The OS group had a decreased loss of dry matter (5.3 ± 4.72 <em>vs.</em> 12.5 ± 4.72 g/kg DM, P < 0.05), greater aerobic stability (302.0 ± 64.5 <em>vs.</em> 225.7 ± 64.5 h, P < 0.05), a lower count of yeasts (2.33 ± 0.84 <em>vs.</em> 3.74 ± 0.84 log<sub>10</sub>[CFU/g], P < 0.05), and a lower count of molds (2.24 ± 0.50 <em>vs.</em> 3.12 ± 0.50 log<sub>10</sub>[CFU/g], P < 0.05). During the feed-out phase, the temperature of the core and top layer of the bunker and the amount of WPCS waste were determined for the two groups. The temperature was consistently lower in the OS group, and the total amount of waste (2.01 % of total WPCS) was 43 % lower in the OS group. We conclude that treatment of the top layer of WPCS in a bunker silo with a commercial inoculant and sodium benzoate can decrease spoilage and increase the economic value of silage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116178
Xiao yan Wang , Zhi li Ding , Ze sheng Zhang , Chen bin Zhu , Shun Yang , Hui Fei
Supplementation of hemicellulase to the animal feed is a key strategy for enhancing the nutritional quality of diets containing hemicellulose, such as xylan and mannan. accounting for approximately 6.20 % and 1.86 % of soybean meal ingredients, respectively. Xylanase and mannanase are two crucial hemicellulolytic enzymes, as well as two significant feed enzymes. The beneficial effects and underlying mechanism of dietary hemicellulase inclusion on digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, immune response, as well as intestinal structure and microbiota of fish fed plant meal have been well demonstrated. However, several issues including delivery effectiveness, the interaction between hydrolysis products and gastrointestinal development, immunity, and microbial colonization, as well as the joint use with other enzymes should be concerned. This review compiles current research findings about the characteristic of xylanase and mannanase, and the effects of dietary xylanase/mannanase on nutritional digestion, immune responses, and overall health of fish, as well as discusses potential approaches to develop the application of hemicellulolytic enzymes in fish diet. It also aims to inspire researchers to explore innovative strategies to enhance the utilization of hemicellulases in aquaculture industry.
{"title":"Application of two crucial hemicellulolytic enzymes in fish diet: Xylanase and mannanase","authors":"Xiao yan Wang , Zhi li Ding , Ze sheng Zhang , Chen bin Zhu , Shun Yang , Hui Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supplementation of hemicellulase to the animal feed is a key strategy for enhancing the nutritional quality of diets containing hemicellulose, such as xylan and mannan. accounting for approximately 6.20 % and 1.86 % of soybean meal ingredients, respectively. Xylanase and mannanase are two crucial hemicellulolytic enzymes, as well as two significant feed enzymes. The beneficial effects and underlying mechanism of dietary hemicellulase inclusion on digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, immune response, as well as intestinal structure and microbiota of fish fed plant meal have been well demonstrated. However, several issues including delivery effectiveness, the interaction between hydrolysis products and gastrointestinal development, immunity, and microbial colonization, as well as the joint use with other enzymes should be concerned. This review compiles current research findings about the characteristic of xylanase and mannanase, and the effects of dietary xylanase/mannanase on nutritional digestion, immune responses, and overall health of fish, as well as discusses potential approaches to develop the application of hemicellulolytic enzymes in fish diet. It also aims to inspire researchers to explore innovative strategies to enhance the utilization of hemicellulases in aquaculture industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116153
Md Raihanul Hoque , Jae Hong Park , In Ho Kim
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dietary fat sources and their combinations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score and meat quality in pigs of different ages. For experiments 1, 2 and 3, a total of 108 weaned pigs, 96 growing pigs and 84 finishing pigs were divided into pens according to their body weight (BW) and gender. They were assigned to three dietary treatments according to a completely randomized block design. For experiment 1, the dietary treatments were as follows: 1) TRT1, basal diet with lard as the fat source; 2) TRT2, basal diet with soy oil as the fat source 3) TRT3, basal diet with lard and soy oil in a 1:1 ratio as the fat source. For experiments 2 and 3, dietary treatments were 1) TRT1, basal diet with tallow as the fat source, 2) TRT2, basal diet with crude palm oil as the fat source, 3) TRT3, basal diet with tallow and crude palm oil in a 1:1 ratio as the fat source. In later stages, increased BW (P = 0.041) and average daily gain (ADG) were observed in TRT3 compared to TRT1 in experiment 1 (P = 0.041). In experiment 2, higher BW (P = 0.029) and ADG (P = 0.031) were observed in TRT1 compared to TRT2 in week 1 and phase 1. Experiment 3 showed no effect (P > 0.05) of dietary fat sources. Although a minor effect was observed in weaning pig and growing pig, soy oil and lard; tallow and palm oil can be suitable substitutes for each other in overall pig production.
{"title":"Evaluation of different fat sources and their combinations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, and meat quality of pigs of different ages","authors":"Md Raihanul Hoque , Jae Hong Park , In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dietary fat sources and their combinations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score and meat quality in pigs of different ages. For experiments 1, 2 and 3, a total of 108 weaned pigs, 96 growing pigs and 84 finishing pigs were divided into pens according to their body weight (BW) and gender. They were assigned to three dietary treatments according to a completely randomized block design. For experiment 1, the dietary treatments were as follows: 1) TRT1, basal diet with lard as the fat source; 2) TRT2, basal diet with soy oil as the fat source 3) TRT3, basal diet with lard and soy oil in a 1:1 ratio as the fat source. For experiments 2 and 3, dietary treatments were 1) TRT1, basal diet with tallow as the fat source, 2) TRT2, basal diet with crude palm oil as the fat source, 3) TRT3, basal diet with tallow and crude palm oil in a 1:1 ratio as the fat source. In later stages, increased BW (P = 0.041) and average daily gain (ADG) were observed in TRT3 compared to TRT1 in experiment 1 (P = 0.041). In experiment 2, higher BW (P = 0.029) and ADG (P = 0.031) were observed in TRT1 compared to TRT2 in week 1 and phase 1. Experiment 3 showed no effect (P > 0.05) of dietary fat sources. Although a minor effect was observed in weaning pig and growing pig, soy oil and lard; tallow and palm oil can be suitable substitutes for each other in overall pig production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116158
R.L. Thorn, J.S. Drouillard
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been researched in both the dairy and beef cattle sectors since these fatty acids are considered essential to animal health. Naturally Better Omega-3 Technologies (Manhattan, Kansas) has developed a supplement consisting of an extruded blend of flaxseed and microalgae (FAB; greatOplus) that is fed to livestock to supplement α-linolenic acid (ALA). Our objective was to evaluate how ruminal microbes alter composition of the fatty acids in the FAB, and their post ruminal disappearance. Eleven steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were housed in a facility equipped with the Insentec feed and water monitoring system (Hokofarm, Emmeloord the Netherlands). A cross over design was utilized and treatments included a control diet without ALA supplementation and a treatment diet with supplementation of the FAB at 10 % of the diet dry matter. Duodenal flow of total fatty acids (g) was greater (P=0.002) for cattle supplemented with FAB than for non-supplemented cattle. In particular, duodenal flow of ALA (g) was observed to be four times greater (6.3 g/d vs 1.6 g/d; P=0.001) for steers fed the FAB supplement compared to steers fed the control diet. The inconsistent amount of unsaturated fatty acids consumed compared to the apparent duodenal flow of unsaturated fatty acids, indicates that substantial biohydrogenation of the FAB occurred in the rumen. Supplementing steers with FAB increased the apparent duodenal flow of ALA however, substantial biohydrogenation of the ALA likely occurs and must be taken into consideration when feeding this FAB to increase ALA consumption in cattle.
{"title":"Use of an extruded microalgae and flaxseed blend product and its effects on ruminal fermentation and nutrient disappearance","authors":"R.L. Thorn, J.S. Drouillard","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been researched in both the dairy and beef cattle sectors since these fatty acids are considered essential to animal health. Naturally Better Omega-3 Technologies (Manhattan, Kansas) has developed a supplement consisting of an extruded blend of flaxseed and microalgae (FAB; <em>greatOplus</em>) that is fed to livestock to supplement α-linolenic acid (ALA). Our objective was to evaluate how ruminal microbes alter composition of the fatty acids in the FAB<em>,</em> and their post ruminal disappearance. Eleven steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were housed in a facility equipped with the Insentec feed and water monitoring system (Hokofarm, Emmeloord the Netherlands). A cross over design was utilized and treatments included a control diet without ALA supplementation and a treatment diet with supplementation of the FAB at 10 % of the diet dry matter. Duodenal flow of total fatty acids (g) was greater (P=0.002) for cattle supplemented with FAB than for non-supplemented cattle. In particular, duodenal flow of ALA (g) was observed to be four times greater (6.3 g/d vs 1.6 g/d; P=0.001) for steers fed the FAB supplement compared to steers fed the control diet. The inconsistent amount of unsaturated fatty acids consumed compared to the apparent duodenal flow of unsaturated fatty acids, indicates that substantial biohydrogenation of the FAB occurred in the rumen. Supplementing steers with FAB increased the apparent duodenal flow of ALA however, substantial biohydrogenation of the ALA likely occurs and must be taken into consideration when feeding this FAB to increase ALA consumption in cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116159
Shichao Xie, Wenhao Zhan, Hongyu Peng, Yao Deng, Zheng Tang, Haiqing Cao, Tingting Zhu, Yuedong Shen, Wenli Zhao, Qicun Zhou, Min Jin
A seven-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cholesterol on growth, proximate composition, cholesterol metabolism, ecdysteroids synthesis and molting cascade response in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (46 % protein and 11 % lipid) were formulated to contain graded levels of cholesterol, with the analyzed levels of cholesterol being 0.15 %, 0.32 %, 0.54 %, 0.72 %, 0.91 % and 1.53 %, respectively. A total of 180 crabs (initial weight 16.26 ± 0.02 g) were separated into six treatments, each treatment dividing randomly into three replicates of 10 crabs. The results showed that crabs fed the diets with 0.54 %-0.91 % cholesterol displayed significantly higher FW, PWG, SGR and FE than those fed the diet with 0.15 % cholesterol. The hepatopancreas lipid content of the crabs with dietary 1.53 % cholesterol was significantly higher than that of the crabs without dietary cholesterol supplementation. Compared to crabs fed the diet with 0.15 % cholesterol, significantly higher concentrations of ApoA, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C in serum and ApoA, HDL-C in hepatopancreas were observed at crabs fed the diet with 0.72 % cholesterol. The highest concentrations of 20E and MF in serum were observed at crabs fed the diet with 0.72 % cholesterol, whereas the concentration of MIH in serum was significantly lower in crabs fed the diets with 0.72 % and 0.91 % cholesterol than those fed the diets with 0.15 % and 1.53 % cholesterol. The expression levels of genes related to cholesterol metabolism (srb, ldlr, lrp2, cyp27a1 and start3) in hepatopancreas were significantly higher in crabs fed the diet with 0.54 % cholesterol than those fed the diet with 0.15 % cholesterol. The expression levels of molting-related genes (nvd, dib, rxr, br-c, e74b, e75, ftz-f1, met) were significantly higher in crabs fed the diet with 0.54 % cholesterol than crabs fed the diet with 1.53 % cholesterol. The highest expression level of ecr was in 0.72 % and 0.91 % cholesterol group. With dietary cholesterol increasing from 0.15 % to 1.53 %, the expression levels of mfe and jheh significantly decreased, whereas the expression levels of famet and hr38 significantly increased. In conclusion, 0.54 %-0.72 % cholesterol promoted cholesterol metabolism and activated expression levels of molting-related genes, leading the better growth performance of mud crabs. Based on PWG and the R-Square (R2) of the equations, two equations of the linear truncated model (Y = 45.98X + 57.562 and Y = − 33.312X + 112.31) were used to calculate the optimal cholesterol requirement of 0.68 % for juvenile mud crabs.
{"title":"Dietary cholesterol promotes the growth of mud crabs, Scylla paramamosain by regulating cholesterol metabolism, enhancing ecdysteroid synthesis and molting cascade response","authors":"Shichao Xie, Wenhao Zhan, Hongyu Peng, Yao Deng, Zheng Tang, Haiqing Cao, Tingting Zhu, Yuedong Shen, Wenli Zhao, Qicun Zhou, Min Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A seven-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cholesterol on growth, proximate composition, cholesterol metabolism, ecdysteroids synthesis and molting cascade response in mud crab (<em>Scylla paramamosain</em>). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (46 % protein and 11 % lipid) were formulated to contain graded levels of cholesterol, with the analyzed levels of cholesterol being 0.15 %, 0.32 %, 0.54 %, 0.72 %, 0.91 % and 1.53 %, respectively. A total of 180 crabs (initial weight 16.26 ± 0.02 g) were separated into six treatments, each treatment dividing randomly into three replicates of 10 crabs. The results showed that crabs fed the diets with 0.54 %-0.91 % cholesterol displayed significantly higher FW, PWG, SGR and FE than those fed the diet with 0.15 % cholesterol. The hepatopancreas lipid content of the crabs with dietary 1.53 % cholesterol was significantly higher than that of the crabs without dietary cholesterol supplementation. Compared to crabs fed the diet with 0.15 % cholesterol, significantly higher concentrations of ApoA, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C in serum and ApoA, HDL-C in hepatopancreas were observed at crabs fed the diet with 0.72 % cholesterol. The highest concentrations of 20E and MF in serum were observed at crabs fed the diet with 0.72 % cholesterol, whereas the concentration of MIH in serum was significantly lower in crabs fed the diets with 0.72 % and 0.91 % cholesterol than those fed the diets with 0.15 % and 1.53 % cholesterol. The expression levels of genes related to cholesterol metabolism (<em>srb</em>, <em>ldlr</em>, <em>lrp2</em>, <em>cyp27a1</em> and <em>start3</em>) in hepatopancreas were significantly higher in crabs fed the diet with 0.54 % cholesterol than those fed the diet with 0.15 % cholesterol. The expression levels of molting-related genes (<em>nvd</em>, <em>dib</em>, <em>rxr</em>, <em>br-c</em>, <em>e74b</em>, <em>e75</em>, <em>ftz-f1</em>, <em>met</em>) were significantly higher in crabs fed the diet with 0.54 % cholesterol than crabs fed the diet with 1.53 % cholesterol. The highest expression level of <em>ecr</em> was in 0.72 % and 0.91 % cholesterol group. With dietary cholesterol increasing from 0.15 % to 1.53 %, the expression levels of <em>mfe</em> and <em>jheh</em> significantly decreased, whereas the expression levels of <em>famet</em> and <em>hr38</em> significantly increased. In conclusion, 0.54 %-0.72 % cholesterol promoted cholesterol metabolism and activated expression levels of molting-related genes, leading the better growth performance of mud crabs. Based on PWG and the R-Square (R<sup>2</sup>) of the equations, two equations of the linear truncated model (Y = 45.98X + 57.562 and Y = − 33.312X + 112.31) were used to calculate the optimal cholesterol requirement of 0.68 % for juvenile mud crabs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improvement of growth performance and disease resistance of cultured species is an important objective of the aquaculture industry. In this study, solid-state fermentation (SSF) was applied for increasing the nutritional value of rice bran with baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Four diets containing different levels of fermented rice bran (FRB) at 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg (FRB0, FRB10, FRB20 and FRB30, respectively) were tested using juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (average body weight = 5.22±0.02 g) for 56 days. Compared to FRB0, all diets improved growth performance of the experimental fish (P<0.05). Intestinal amylase and protease amounts were significantly increased (P<0.05). The experimental fish were intraperitoneally injected with Streptococcus agalactiae and the cumulative mortality rate was monitored for 10 days. All FRB-supplemented diets resulted in greater survival rates in challenge fish. The FRB20 and FRB30 diets promoted expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) transcripts and enhanced non-specific immunity; lysozyme and antioxidant enzyme activities; myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.05). The expression level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) was down-regulated in fish fed FRB20 and FRB30 (P<0.05) but IL-10 was up-regulated in fish fed FRB10 and FRB30 (P<0.05) while IL-1β was up-regulated in fish fed FRB20 (P<0.05). The expression of complementary 3 (C3) transcripts was significantly increased while nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was decreased in fish fed all FRB-supplemented diets (P<0.05). Conventional histology revealed increased villus height following FRB30 treatment (P<0.05). These results suggest the beneficial use of FRB supplementation on growth, immune defense and stress tolerance for juvenile O. niloticus.
{"title":"Improved growth and immunity in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed a fermented rice bran supplement","authors":"Mahattanee Phinyo , Punyaphon Khlaithim , Thanita Boonsrangsom , Piyawat Pongpadung , Sirithorn Janpoom , Sirawut Klinbunga , Kawee Sujipuli","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improvement of growth performance and disease resistance of cultured species is an important objective of the aquaculture industry. In this study, solid-state fermentation (SSF) was applied for increasing the nutritional value of rice bran with baker's yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>). Four diets containing different levels of fermented rice bran (FRB) at 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg (FRB0, FRB10, FRB20 and FRB30, respectively) were tested using juvenile Nile tilapia <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> (average body weight = 5.22±0.02 g) for 56 days. Compared to FRB0, all diets improved growth performance of the experimental fish (<em>P</em><0.05). Intestinal amylase and protease amounts were significantly increased (<em>P</em><0.05). The experimental fish were intraperitoneally injected with <em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> and the cumulative mortality rate was monitored for 10 days. All FRB-supplemented diets resulted in greater survival rates in challenge fish. The FRB20 and FRB30 diets promoted expression of insulin-like growth factor I (<em>IGF-I</em>) transcripts and enhanced non-specific immunity; lysozyme and antioxidant enzyme activities; myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (<em>P</em><0.05). The expression level of interleukin 8 (<em>IL-8</em>) was down-regulated in fish fed FRB20 and FRB30 (<em>P</em><0.05) but <em>IL-10</em> was up-regulated in fish fed FRB10 and FRB30 (<em>P</em><0.05) while <em>IL-1β</em> was up-regulated in fish fed FRB20 (<em>P</em><0.05). The expression of complementary 3 (<em>C3</em>) transcripts was significantly increased while nuclear factor-kappa B (<em>NF-κB</em>) was decreased in fish fed all FRB-supplemented diets (<em>P</em><0.05). Conventional histology revealed increased villus height following FRB30 treatment (<em>P</em><0.05). These results suggest the beneficial use of FRB supplementation on growth, immune defense and stress tolerance for juvenile <em>O. niloticus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116157
R. Fukumori , T. Nakayama , M. Hirose , I. Norimura , K. Izumi , K. Shimada , H. Mineo , M.A. Steele , S. Gondaira , H. Higuchi , T. Watanabe , H. Ueda , T. Sano , K. Chisato , S. Oikawa
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding milk replacer (MR) at different lactose amount while keeping osmolality constant on gastrointestinal function, blood parameters, and inflammation-related mRNA expression in the livers of dairy calves. Fifteen Holstein bull calves were assigned to one of three dietary treatments differing in MR lactose content (L: 38 %, M: 41 %, and H: 46 %). Feeding of the test diets was started at 1 day of age and gradually increased to a maximum feeding rate at 20 days of age (L: 1.16 kg/d, M: 1.21 kg/d, and H: 1.26 kg/d DM). Under these conditions, the lactose dosages for the treatments were 441 g/d, 496 g/d, and 580 g/d, respectively. The MR were prepared to ensure isocaloric and iso-osmotic (451 mOsm/kg) conditions. Fecal scores were recorded daily, and at 14 and 28 days of age, blood and breath samples were collected before and after MR feeding. In addition, feces and urine were collected for 2 consecutive days. Then, the calves were slaughtered to evaluate intestinal permeability and liver mRNA expression. The permeability in the duodenum and ileum was lower in H and M than in L; the permeability in the jejunum was also lower in H than in L. The hepatic mRNA expressions of toll-like receptor-2, IL-1β, and tumor-necrosis factor-α were lower in H and M than L. Nitrogen retention was higher in H than in L, and linear and quadratic increasing trends were observed in tissue ratio of gastrointestinal tract with the increase in lactose amount. Postprandial increase in plasma glucose concentration was smaller and postprandial increase in TG concentration was higher in H than in L. Fecal properties, digestibility, and breath hydrogen concentrations were not affected by treatment. These results indicate that feeding high-lactose MR may increase gastrointestinal weight and decrease permeability in the small intestine of calves.
{"title":"Effects of amount of lactose in milk replacer on gastrointestinal function of dairy calves","authors":"R. Fukumori , T. Nakayama , M. Hirose , I. Norimura , K. Izumi , K. Shimada , H. Mineo , M.A. Steele , S. Gondaira , H. Higuchi , T. Watanabe , H. Ueda , T. Sano , K. Chisato , S. Oikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding milk replacer (MR) at different lactose amount while keeping osmolality constant on gastrointestinal function, blood parameters, and inflammation-related mRNA expression in the livers of dairy calves. Fifteen Holstein bull calves were assigned to one of three dietary treatments differing in MR lactose content (L: 38 %, M: 41 %, and H: 46 %). Feeding of the test diets was started at 1 day of age and gradually increased to a maximum feeding rate at 20 days of age (L: 1.16 kg/d, M: 1.21 kg/d, and H: 1.26 kg/d DM). Under these conditions, the lactose dosages for the treatments were 441 g/d, 496 g/d, and 580 g/d, respectively. The MR were prepared to ensure isocaloric and iso-osmotic (451 mOsm/kg) conditions. Fecal scores were recorded daily, and at 14 and 28 days of age, blood and breath samples were collected before and after MR feeding. In addition, feces and urine were collected for 2 consecutive days. Then, the calves were slaughtered to evaluate intestinal permeability and liver mRNA expression. The permeability in the duodenum and ileum was lower in H and M than in L; the permeability in the jejunum was also lower in H than in L. The hepatic mRNA expressions of toll-like receptor-2, IL-1β, and tumor-necrosis factor-α were lower in H and M than L. Nitrogen retention was higher in H than in L, and linear and quadratic increasing trends were observed in tissue ratio of gastrointestinal tract with the increase in lactose amount. Postprandial increase in plasma glucose concentration was smaller and postprandial increase in TG concentration was higher in H than in L. Fecal properties, digestibility, and breath hydrogen concentrations were not affected by treatment. These results indicate that feeding high-lactose MR may increase gastrointestinal weight and decrease permeability in the small intestine of calves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116155
Rui Li , Ganyi Feng , Qing Ouyang , Xianji Jiang , Gang Yang , Xiaojie Liu , Hui Tang , Mingzhou Tian , Qiang Xiang , Menglong Deng , Cimin Long , Ruilin Huang
Two experiments were conducted to determine digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in Chinese paddy rice for growing pigs, and to establish prediction equations for DE, ME and SID of CP and AA based on its chemical composition including amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and calcium (Ca). In Exp. 1, twenty-four castrated barrows (20 ± 1.3 kg) were selected and allotted to a replicated 12 × 3 incomplete Latin square design, including 12 diets and 3 consecutive periods. A basal diet and 11 Chinese paddy rice diets were prepared and maintained a consistent ratio of corn to soybean meal. Each period had 7 d of adaptation and 5 d of fecal and urine collection. In Exp. 2, twenty-four ileal-cannulated pigs (15.4 ± 1.8 kg) were used in a duplicated 12 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with 12 diets and three consecutive periods, and each period had 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Chinese paddy rice was the sole nitrogen (N) source in 11 test diets, and an N-free diet was used for calculating the basal endogenous N losses. The results revealed that DE and ME values (as-fed basis) in Chinese paddy rice averaged 12.17 MJ/kg and 11.57 MJ/kg, respectively. The optimal prediction equations for DE and ME were DE (MJ/kg) = 20.12 − (0.56 × aNDF, %) + (130.01 × Ca, %) − (3.94 × phytic acid, %); R2 = 0.94, RSD = 0.44, P < 0.001, and ME (MJ/kg) = −0.263 + (0.972 × DE, MJ/kg); R2 = 0.96, RSD = 0.32, P < 0.001, respectively. The values for SID of CP (SIDCP), Lys (SIDLys), Met (SIDMet), Thr (SIDThr), and Trp (SIDTrp) in Chinese paddy rice were 0.735, 0.766, 0.687, 0.736, and 0.862, respectively. The best-fit equations for SIDCP, SIDLys, and SIDThr were SIDCP = 0.67 − (0.03 × ADF, %) + (0.06 × CP, %); R2 = 0.79, RSD = 0.04, P = 0.002, SIDLys = 1.18 + (4.34 × non-phytate phosphorus, %) − (6.71 × Trp, %) − (6.59 × Ca, %); R2 = 0.93, RSD = 0.03, P < 0.001, and SIDThr = 0.82 + (2.88 × Met, %) − (1.61 × Lys, %); R2 = 0.83, RSD = 0.03, P = 0.001, respectively. In conclusion, our study revealed the relationships between the chemical composition of Chinese paddy rice and DE, ME, and the SID of the first four limiting AA for growing pigs, establishing the predicted models for the nutritive value of Chinese paddy rice fed to growing pigs. The aNDF, ADF, phytic acid, phytate phosphorus, non-phytate phosphorus, total phosphorus, CP, and Ca were the common key predictors for DE and ME. Dry matter, aNDF, and ADF were the common key predictors of SIDCP and SIDLys. Crude fiber, ADF, and Met can be the single predictors of SIDThr.
{"title":"Prediction of available energy and amino acid digestibility in the Chinese paddy rice fed to growing pigs","authors":"Rui Li , Ganyi Feng , Qing Ouyang , Xianji Jiang , Gang Yang , Xiaojie Liu , Hui Tang , Mingzhou Tian , Qiang Xiang , Menglong Deng , Cimin Long , Ruilin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two experiments were conducted to determine digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in Chinese paddy rice for growing pigs, and to establish prediction equations for DE, ME and SID of CP and AA based on its chemical composition including amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and calcium (Ca). In Exp. 1, twenty-four castrated barrows (20 ± 1.3 kg) were selected and allotted to a replicated 12 × 3 incomplete Latin square design, including 12 diets and 3 consecutive periods. A basal diet and 11 Chinese paddy rice diets were prepared and maintained a consistent ratio of corn to soybean meal. Each period had 7 d of adaptation and 5 d of fecal and urine collection. In Exp. 2, twenty-four ileal-cannulated pigs (15.4 ± 1.8 kg) were used in a duplicated 12 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with 12 diets and three consecutive periods, and each period had 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Chinese paddy rice was the sole nitrogen (N) source in 11 test diets, and an N-free diet was used for calculating the basal endogenous N losses. The results revealed that DE and ME values (as-fed basis) in Chinese paddy rice averaged 12.17 MJ/kg and 11.57 MJ/kg, respectively. The optimal prediction equations for DE and ME were DE (MJ/kg) = 20.12 − (0.56 × aNDF, %) + (130.01 × Ca, %) − (3.94 × phytic acid, %); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.94, RSD = 0.44, P < 0.001, and ME (MJ/kg) = −0.263 + (0.972 × DE, MJ/kg); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96, RSD = 0.32, P < 0.001, respectively. The values for SID of CP (SID<sub>CP</sub>), Lys (SID<sub>Lys</sub>), Met (SID<sub>Met</sub>), Thr (SID<sub>Thr</sub>), and Trp (SID<sub>Trp</sub>) in Chinese paddy rice were 0.735, 0.766, 0.687, 0.736, and 0.862, respectively. The best-fit equations for SID<sub>CP</sub>, SID<sub>Lys</sub>, and SID<sub>Thr</sub> were SID<sub>CP</sub> = 0.67 − (0.03 × ADF, %) + (0.06 × CP, %); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.79, RSD = 0.04, P = 0.002, SID<sub>Lys</sub> = 1.18 + (4.34 × non-phytate phosphorus, %) − (6.71 × Trp, %) − (6.59 × Ca, %); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.93, RSD = 0.03, P < 0.001, and SID<sub>Thr</sub> = 0.82 + (2.88 × Met, %) − (1.61 × Lys, %); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.83, RSD = 0.03, P = 0.001, respectively. In conclusion, our study revealed the relationships between the chemical composition of Chinese paddy rice and DE, ME, and the SID of the first four limiting AA for growing pigs, establishing the predicted models for the nutritive value of Chinese paddy rice fed to growing pigs. The aNDF, ADF, phytic acid, phytate phosphorus, non-phytate phosphorus, total phosphorus, CP, and Ca were the common key predictors for DE and ME. Dry matter, aNDF, and ADF were the common key predictors of SID<sub>CP</sub> and SID<sub>Lys</sub>. Crude fiber, ADF, and Met can be the single predictors of SID<sub>Thr</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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