Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Seaweed species and pre-treatment methods: Effects on fatty acid profile and performance in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae","authors":"H.W.S.S. Subhasinghe ,&nbsp;W.A.D.E.I. Wijesingha ,&nbsp;B.C. Jayawardana ,&nbsp;R. Liyanage ,&nbsp;P. Weththasinghe","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated how the species and pre-treatment methods of seaweed incorporated in substrates affects the fatty acid profile and performance of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; <em>Hermetia illucens</em>). Two feeding experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 5-day-old BSFL were reared 14 days on eight poultry manure-based substrates: a control (100 % poultry manure), four substrates containing 12 % of either fish offal or a seaweed species (<em>Kappaphycus alvarezii</em>, <em>Gracilaria salicornia</em>, or <em>Sargassum wightii</em>), and three substrates containing 6 % fish offal combined with 6 % of each seaweed species. In Experiment 2, 6-day-old BSFL were reared 14 days on eight poultry manure-based substrates: one with 100 % poultry manure, one with 67 % untreated <em>K. alvarezii</em>, and six with 67 % <em>K. alvarezii</em> subjected to different pre-treatments: enzyme treatment (Allzyme® at 1.5 % and 2 % w/w), fermentation (10 % and 15 % v/v <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>), or microwave treatment (800 W for 2 and 3 min). Experiment 1 showed that feeding seaweed together with fish offal enhanced the omega-3 content in BSFL (p &lt; 0.05). Among the tested seaweeds species, only <em>K. alvarezii</em> increased omega-3 levels when used alone, though this came at the cost of reduced larval performance (p &lt; 0.05). Experiment 2 demonstrated that pre-treatment of <em>K. alvarezii</em> enhanced larval omega-3 fatty acids, compared to untreated seaweed (p &lt; 0.05). While both untreated and pre-treated <em>K. alvarezii</em> reduced larval performance (p &lt; 0.05), pre-treated seaweed showed numerical improvements in performance compared to untreated seaweed. In conclusion, BSFL can bioaccumulate omega-3 from seaweed, with pre-treatment enhancing enrichment efficiency and potentially improving larval performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 116542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of herbal plant supplementation on immunity and antioxidant status in mid-lactation dairy cows","authors":"G. Gulyás ,&nbsp;L. Czeglédi ,&nbsp;M. Kokas ,&nbsp;E. Török ,&nbsp;L.D. Brassó ,&nbsp;Á. Béni ,&nbsp;A. Kiss","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-yield dairy farms have maximised their productivity, which is a challenge concerning animal physiology even beyond the transition period. While several studies have verified a wide range of beneficial effects of plant essential oils during the periparturient period in dairy cows, their effects in mid-lactation are less studied. However, this period is critical for maintaining milk production and metabolic stability in high-yielding cows. The objective of the present study is to determine the effects of supplementation with herbal plants on immunity and antioxidant status in mid-lactation dairy cows. Thirty-six Holstein-Friesian cows used in this experiment were randomly assigned to 6 groups (1 control and 5 treatments, n = 6/group). The treatments were conducted using oregano, basil, thyme, rosemary, or yarrow, while the control was exempt from any supplementation. The feeding experiment lasted 14 days. Milk samples were collected on days 1 and 14 to assess milk quality. Milk and blood samples for molecular analysis were collected on day 15, following the 14-day feeding trial. The applied herbs were standardised to two grams of essential oil/cow/day. All parameters were analyzed by a linear mixed model and expressed relative to the control group. The basil essential oil resulted in a significant increase in the total immunoglobulin level in milk, and the serum IgM level was found to be significantly higher in the rosemary. Significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values were detected in the oregano, thyme, rosemary, and yarrow groups. Significant increases were observed in milk TAC for groups given oregano and thyme. The activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) was found to be significantly higher in the oregano group, and significantly lower C-reactive protein levels, an indicator of inflammation and oxidative stress, were measured in the oregano and rosemary groups. Of the antioxidant-related genes, a significantly higher expression of the SOD gene was detected in the oregano group, while for the glutathione peroxidase gene, significantly higher mRNA expression was observed in the oregano and thyme groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary supplementation with oregano and thyme improves antioxidant status in mid-lactation dairy cows. These findings may support the development of more precisely tailored feeding protocols to enhance well-being and promote the health and performance of dairy cows during mid-lactation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 116544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different forms of methionine added to different protein diets on nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical, and antioxidant indexes of fur-growing raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides)","authors":"K. Liu,&nbsp;Y. Wu,&nbsp;G. Li,&nbsp;W. Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116543","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Methionine (&lt;strong&gt;Met&lt;/strong&gt;) is the first limiting animo acid for fur animals, plays a critical role in raccoon dogs (&lt;em&gt;Nyctereutes procyonoides&lt;/em&gt;). This species is characterized by dense fur, excellent thermal insulation properties, and efficient nutrient utilization from low-quality diets compared to other fur species. As common synthetic sources of D&lt;span&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;-Met, DL-HMTBA [DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid] is widely use in animal diets. Low crude protein (&lt;strong&gt;CP&lt;/strong&gt;) formulations with supplemental amino acids are used to enhance intestinal reduce costs, minimize environmental impact, and maintain growth performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of supplementing Met to a low protein diet for raccoon dogs by analyzing the effects of Met and HMTBA added to different crude protein (&lt;strong&gt;CP&lt;/strong&gt;) diets on the growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, serum biochemical and antioxidant indexes of fur-growing phase. A total of 60 male racoon dogs, matched for age and body weight, were randomly allocated into four groups. After a 7-day adaptation period, the 30-day experimental phase was conducted. The experimental treatments were factorially designed, with 2 levels of dietary CP (High CP and Low CP), and 2 forms Met supplementation (D&lt;span&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;-Met and DL-HMTBA). The results showed that the average daily feed intake in the high CP groups was highly lower than that in the low CP groups (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in the group adding DL-HMTBA were notably higher than these in the other groups (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). The low CP groups exhibiting significantly higher digestibility than the high CP groups (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). The digestibility of Gly, Ala, Pro, Phe, Trp, Ser, Tyr, Thr, Cys, Glu, Asp, His and total amino acid were higher in the low CP groups compared to the high CP groups (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). The total protein concentration in the serum was obviously influenced by the interaction between dietary CP levels and forms of Met supplementation (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Serum albumin concentrations were significantly reduced in the DL-HMTBA supplemented groups (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05), whereas blood urea nitrogen levels were markedly elevated relative to other groups (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Conversely, serum level of glucose, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly with decreasing CP levels in the diets (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). The serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were significantly elevated by DL-HMTBA supplementation and dietary CP levels (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity was significantly influenced by the forms of Met added to the diets, as well as, by the interaction between CP content and Met supplementation (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). An interaction effect between dietary CP and Met supplementation on glutathione peroxidase ","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 116543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of cucumber waste silage as an alternative forage source for sheep","authors":"Mahmoud Hassan ,&nbsp;Inés Rivelli ,&nbsp;David R. Yáñez-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Alejandro Belanche","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Horticultural production in the Mediterranean basin generates considerable quantities of by-products, which, if not valorised, can pose environmental problems. This study evaluated the potential of cucumber–straw silage as an alternative forage for sheep. Eighteen Segureña sheep (10 months old; 30 ± 0.4 kg BW) were allocated to two experimental forages: oats hay (CTL, 985 g/kg DM) or cucumber–straw silage (SIL, 15 g/kg DM). The SIL forage contained more NDF (780 vs. 516 g/kg DM) and less CP (64.9 vs. 82.9 g/kg DM) than CTL. The trial included one week of adaptation with <em>ad libitum</em> feeding followed by two weeks of restricted intake. Measurements during the last week included digestibility, N balance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites. Results indicated that health status remained unaffected, and DMI was similar under <em>ad libitum</em> feeding. Under restricted intake, SIL-fed sheep displayed slightly higher DMI (+12 %), greater digestible energy intake (+33 %), and higher ruminal acetate (+10 %) and butyrate (+40 %), accompanied by increased blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations (+89 %). Despite lower CP intake, SIL-fed animals exhibited higher ruminal iso-acid proportions and blood urea N, suggesting enhanced proteolysis and urea recycling. These compensatory mechanisms resulted in similar ruminal NH₃-N levels and microbial protein synthesis across treatments, although N retention and efficiency were significantly lower in the SIL group. In conclusion, SIL represents a feasible energy source for sheep, although its limited protein content may require further N supply in high-yielding ruminants. This silage valorisation could reduce food waste and improve circular agriculture and sustainability in livestock production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 116541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seaweed potential as nutraceutical and functional food ingredient in shrimp aquaculture","authors":"Anayeli Hernández-Sain ,&nbsp;Elena Palacios ,&nbsp;Sonia A. Soto-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Idalia Osuna-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Pablo G. Rojas-Hernandez ,&nbsp;Crisantema Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In shrimp aquaculture, the implementation of seaweed as a functional and healthy additive for shrimp feed, either in its fresh form mixed with pelleted feed, as dry biomass, or liquid extract, has been on the rise as the population grows and the demand for shrimp increases. Seaweed offers vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, and bioactive substances like polysaccharides and pigments that enhance the health and growth of shrimp. These compounds possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial characteristics, which benefit aquaculture production by enhancing growth rates, improving feed utilization efficiency, increasing resistance to heat stress, and strengthening immune responses. However, challenges related to the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds in conventional formulations highlight the need for more effective delivery strategies. The nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds from seaweed-based meals is proposed as a promising approach to enhance the bioavailability and systemic distribution of nutrients within the shrimp organism. This strategy is expected to improve nutrient absorption, support growth, boost health status, and optimize overall performance in aquaculture systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 116540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a dietary liquid extract of Lentinus edodes on the growth performance, immune traits, and intestinal flora of weaned Simmental calves","authors":"Mengqi Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Yang ,&nbsp;Junlong Bi ,&nbsp;Yongjun Zhao ,&nbsp;Sirui Wang ,&nbsp;Haixia Guo ,&nbsp;Shumin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high survival rate of calves is important to ensure the development of the cattle industry. The health of calves faces many challenges, and the low immunity of calves caused by weaning is the main cause of calf disease and death. However, excessive use of antibiotics is a key limitation to healthy breeding. This may be a problem for antibiotics prohibition due to the antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) residues. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the dietary liquid extract of <em>Lentinus edodes</em> (<em>L.E</em>.) on the growth performance, blood immune indices, and intestinal flora of weaned Simmental calves. In total, 20 weaned Simmental calves (4 – 5 months old) with similar body conditions were randomly assigned to the control group or the experimental group (n = 10). The growth index, number of blood immune cells, and relative abundance of the intestinal flora were detected to evaluate the growth performance, immune traits, and changes in the intestinal flora of weaned calves after treatment with the L.E. extract for 60 days. The results indicated that the most effective strain was L808, with optimal fermentation at 28°C and a pH value of 6.5. The L.E. extract increased growth performance during the experimental period (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, <em>L.E.</em> extract increased the levels of lymphocytes, neutrophils, white blood cells (WBC), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) <em>(P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, the expression of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) decreased after treatment with the <em>L.E.</em> extract (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, <em>L.E.</em> extract increased the relative abundances of the beneficial bacteria <em>Firmicutes</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.030), <em>Akkermansia</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.045), and <em>norank_f__norank_o__Bacteroidales</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.020) and decreased the relative abundance of the harmful bacteria <em>Escherichia-Shigella</em>. To summarize, <em>L.E.</em> extract can enhance the growth performance, immune traits, and bacterial diversity of weaned calves, which may provide new insights into the application of <em>L.E.</em> for improving the production performance of weaned calves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 116539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of including plantain in a perennial ryegrass-white clover forage on dry matter intake, milk production, and urine nitrogen concentration of dairy cows","authors":"C.T. Minogue ,&nbsp;T.M. Boland ,&nbsp;S. Vigors ,&nbsp;N.A. Walsh ,&nbsp;M. Markiewicz-Keszycka ,&nbsp;A. Mirzapour-Kouhdasht ,&nbsp;M. García-Vaquero ,&nbsp;M. Dineen ,&nbsp;Z.C. McKay","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pressure is increasing on Irish dairy farmers to reduce nitrogen (<strong>N</strong>) losses to the environment. Research has shown that plantain (<em>Plantago lanceolata</em> L.; <strong>PL</strong>) can reduce urine N excretion and concentration in cows. Hence, this study investigated the effect of PL inclusion in a perennial ryegrass (<em>Lolium perenne</em> L.; <strong>PRG</strong>)-white clover (<em>Trifolium repens</em> L.; <strong>WC</strong>) forage for dairy cows on dry matter intake (<strong>DMI</strong>), milk production, and urine N concentration. Eight mid-lactation multiparous dairy cows were utilised in a complete 2 × 2 crossover design (n = 8). Cows were offered one of two cut forages <em>ad libitum</em>: PRG-WC (<strong>GrC</strong>) or PRG-WC-PL (<strong>GCP</strong>) plus 2.75 kg DM concentrate feed/cow per day. Each period consisted of 16 days of dietary acclimatisation followed by five days of measurements with cows in individual tie stalls. Individual DMI and milk production were measured daily, and urine samples were collected from cows at 00:00, 04:00, 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 20:00 h daily. Total DMI was greater for cows offered the GCP treatment (22.9 vs. 21.4 kg/day). Cows consuming the GCP treatment had a lower free water intake but greater feed water intake. Cows offered the GCP treatment tended to produce greater milk and milk protein yields but a lower milk fat concentration. For cows offered the GCP treatment, daily urine N concentration was 20 % lower. This reduction was consistent throughout the day for cows offered the GCP treatment, with urine N concentration significantly lower at 00:00, 08:00, 12:00, and 16:00 h. This study demonstrates the potential of including PL in a GrC forage to increase DMI, reduce urine N concentration, and maintain milk production of cows in Irish dairy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 116536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding complete feed block with lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) improves nutrient utilization, rumen health, and meat quality in lambs","authors":"G.N. Aderao ,&nbsp;A. Sahoo ,&nbsp;Y.P. Gadekar ,&nbsp;P.K. Kumawat","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing consumer awareness towards quality of red meat produced sustainably has reoriented animal nutrition research to focus on employing plant bioactive compounds to meet consumer needs for high quality animal products while addressing environmental concerns. The study was thus aimed at evaluating the effect of feeding essential oil (EO) and other plant bioactive (PB) rich lemongrass (<em>Cymbopogon citratus)</em> through complete feed block (CFB) on <em>in vitro</em> rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, carcass traits, and meat quality in finisher lambs. Twenty weaned lambs of the 'Avishaan' genotype (10 weeks old, 14.0 ± 0.2 kg body weight) were randomly divided into two groups, T1 and T2, each with ten lambs (five male and five female). The lambs were housed in individual pens for daily monitoring of feed intake. The control group T1 was fed on CFB composed of 70:30, concentrate mixture and cowpea (<em>Vigna sinensis</em>) hay (CFB1), while the T2 was on CFB2 with 5 % quantitative replacement of cowpea with lemongrass. The nutrient composition of CFB1 and CFB2 was similar; however, PB namely polyphenol fractions and EO were higher in lemongrass and CFB2. The <em>in vitro</em> rumen fermentation was carried out with the cowpea hay, lemongrass and respective CFBs. The lemongrass and CFB2 elicited significantly (P &lt; 0.001) higher VFA production, substrate degradability and lower methane production compared to cowpea hay and CFB1. In <em>in vivo</em> study, feeding of CFB2 also improved (P &lt; 0.05) nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. Lambs in T2 revealed an increase in ruminal propionate levels thereby narrowing the acetate: propionate ratio and a reduced ammonia N levels in T2. The meat quality parameters in T2 lambs were better as observed from reduced fat deposition (P = 0.015), higher (P = 0.038) lean meat ratio, and lower (P &lt; 0.01) tyrosine and malondialdehyde values. The fatty acid (FA) profile in the <em>Longissimus dorsi</em> muscle of T2 lambs also improved with an increase in monounsaturated FA (P = 0.003) and ω-6 FA (P = 0.001), and a decrease in saturated FA (P = 0.005). In summary, supplementing lamb diets with lemongrass enriched with essential oils and polyphenols improved rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization and meat quality, particularly through improved nitrogen utilization and a healthier fatty acid profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 116537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding of inland ground saline water (IGSW) reared GIFT juveniles with graded levels of dietary tryptophan: Effects on growth performance, physio-biochemical status, metabolic responses, and expressions of IGF-1 and IGF-1R genes","authors":"Nisha Chuphal ,&nbsp;Parimal Sardar ,&nbsp;Narottam Prasad Sahu ,&nbsp;Mohd Ashraf Malik ,&nbsp;Naseemashahul Shamna ,&nbsp;Tincy Varghese ,&nbsp;Sreedharan Krishnan ,&nbsp;Kedar Nath Mohanta ,&nbsp;T. Bhuvaneshwaran ,&nbsp;Samrat Kumar Nirala","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the impact of varying levels of tryptophan (Trp) in diet on growth performance, physio-metabolic, hematological and serum biochemical profiles, and expressions of growth-related genes in inland ground saline water (IGSW) reared GIFT (a Nile tilapia strain) juveniles over a 60-day period. Acclimated fish (3.67 ± 0.02 g avg. b. wt.) were randomly distributed into seven treatments in triplicate, with 15 fish per replicate. Accordingly, seven isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isocaloric experimental diets, namely, T2 (2.0 g Trp/kg), T2.5 (2.5 g Trp/kg), T3.0 (3.0 g Trp/kg), T3.5 (3.5 g Trp/kg), T4 (4.0 g Trp/kg), T4.5 (4.5 g Trp/kg), and T5 (5.0 g Trp/kg), were fed to the fish of respective treatments on satiation basis twice daily. The results showed that increasing dietary levels of Trp up to 3.5 g/kg significantly (p &lt; 0.05) enhanced final body weight, weight gain, weight gain percentage (WG%), specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, body protein, alanine and aspartic acid levels, and the activities of liver and muscle aspartate aminotransferase and muscle alanine aminotransferase and decreased with further increment. Though increased serum albumin and total protein were recorded in 3.5 and 4 g /kg fed groups; increasing dietary Trp up to 3.5 g/kg enhanced the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R). Conversely, 3.5 and 4 g /kg fed groups showed a decreasing trend of feed conversion ratio and body lipid content compared to higher Trp fed counterparts. The activities of liver and gill superoxide dismutase and catalase and white blood cell count linearly increased with increasing dietary Trp levels. Based on IGF-1 and WG%, polynomial regression and broken-line analyses, optimized dietary Trp for GIFT in the range of 3.28–3.30 and 3.43–3.50 g/kg diet, respectively, with overall range and average of 3.28–3.50 and 3.39 g/kg diet, respectively. This information will be valuable to formulate and develop a quality diet for sustainable GIFT culture in IGSW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 116535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae frass as an alternative protein source in the diet of Florida native yearling ewes","authors":"Britany M. Fernandez-Mora ,&nbsp;J.A. Arce-Cordero ,&nbsp;C. NinoDeGuzman ,&nbsp;G.K. Salas-Solis ,&nbsp;K.G. Arriola ,&nbsp;K.E. Sullivan ,&nbsp;D. Vyas","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explored the potential of Black Soldier Fly Larval Frass (BSFLF) as a sustainable alternative to soybean meal in ruminant diets. The study was aimed at partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with BSFLF on nutrient digestibility, N balance, and blood profile of ewes. Six yearling Florida native ewes (44 ± 3 kg BW) were enrolled in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 18-day periods and 3-d washout between periods. Ewes were housed in metabolic crates for feces and urine collection and fed TMR with different levels of SBM replacement with BSFLF: no replacement (CON; 0 % BSFLF on DM basis), partial replacement of SBM with 25 % BSFLF (BSFLF-25; 2.50 % BSFLF on DM basis) and 50 % BSFLF (BSFLF-50; 5.0 % BSFLF on DM basis) on a DM basis. Data were analyzed to assess the treatment effects of replacing SBM with BSFLF. Intake of DM, NDF, ADF, EE, and starch increased with BSFLF-25 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), whereas the apparent digestibility of DM, NDF, ADF, and starch showed decline (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.03) with BSFLF-25. Crude protein digestibility (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and EE digestibility increased linearly (<em>P</em> = 0.03) with BSFLF inclusion. Urinary N excretion decreased linearly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and BUN showed a tendency to decrease linearly (<em>P</em> = 0.08). In summary, partially replacing SBM with BSFLF resulted in a increase in feed intake at lower levels of substitution but a reduction in apparent nutrient digestibility along with lineary decrease in CP digestibility was observed. However, additional research is needed to validate these findings, assess the long-term effects of BSFLF, and evaluate its impact on overall growth and performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 116538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}