Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Bile acid supplementation in alternative lipid-based diets: Effects on growth, histopathology and digestibility in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Abdolsamad K. Amirkolaei ,&nbsp;Marina M. Rubio Benito ,&nbsp;Vikas Kumar ,&nbsp;Nicholas Romano ,&nbsp;Jeongwhui Hong ,&nbsp;Brian C. Small","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish oil alternatives, such as terrestrial plant oil and its byproducts, may cause poor lipid digestibility in fish due to a large content of saturated fatty acids. Reduced lipid digestibility is assumed to be caused, in part, by hindering bile acid metabolism and thus decreasing emulsification capacity. This study aims to evaluate the potential of dietary bile acid additions to the growth, lipid digestibility, intestinal bile acid levels and liver/intestinal histopathology of rainbow trout, <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, when using different lipid sources. In a 3 × 3 factorial design, nine iso-lipidic diets were formulated to contain three levels of ox-bile (0, 1 and 3 %) and three lipid sources (fish oil, soybean oil, and palm fat powder). Fish (initial weight of 24.4 ± 1.55 g) were fed to apparent satiation twice daily for nine weeks. Results showed that growth was unaffected by ox-bile and/or lipid source (p &gt; 0.05). However, exchanging fat powder for fish oil or soybean oil resulted in lower dietary lipid and protein digestibility (p &lt; 0.05). Ox-bile significantly improved lipid digestibility (<u>57.3</u> versus 50 %) in fish fed the fat powder diet (p &lt; 0.05). The fat powder diet significantly decreased whole-body lipid and increased whole-body protein, compared to those fed the fish oil or soybean oil diets (p &lt; 0.05). Both lipid source and ox-bile addition affected the bile acid concentration of proximal and distal intestine (p &lt; 0.05). The fish oil diet led to a lower bile content in distal intestine and <u>tendency toward a lower bile content in proximal intestine</u> (p &lt; 0.05). The fat powder diet caused bile duct enlargement and inflammation in the liver but was mitigated by 1 % ox-bile. In contrast, the livers of trout fed fish oil with 1 or 3 % ox-bile showed inflammation and in some cases necrosis. In conclusion, dietary ox-bile significantly improved lipid digestibility in fat powder-based diets as well as reduced hepatic inflammation. However, inclusions of ox-bile at 3 % in the fish or soybean oil-based diets appeared to show a cytotoxic effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunostimulatory effects of Mazari palm (Nannorrhops ritchiana) leaves extract on the performance, anti-inflammation genes, and resistance of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) juveniles to Aeromonas hydrophila infection","authors":"Poulin Shohreh ,&nbsp;Shalaleh Mousavi ,&nbsp;Rahem Khoshbakht ,&nbsp;Setayesh Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Mahdieh Valizadeh ,&nbsp;Maryam Azimi ,&nbsp;Nafiseh Hijaei ,&nbsp;Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study investigated the impacts of Mazari palm (<em>Nannorrhops ritchiana</em>) leaves extract on the growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, biochemical indices, immune response, antioxidant activity, expression of the genes related to antioxidant and inflammation, and disease resistance to <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> infection in grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>) juveniles. Two hundreds and forty fish (mean weight of 1.35 ± 0.12 g) were kept for 56 days and fed with a basal diet fortified with methanolic extract of Mazari palm leaves (MEMP) to represent four groups (in triplicates) including 0 (T0), 1.5 (T1), 3 (T2), and 4.5 (T3) g MEMP/kg diet for 56 days. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged with <em>A. hydrophila</em> and observed for further 14 days. The final weight, weight gain %, specific growth rate, and feed intake of grass carp were markedly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) impacted by the levels of dietary MEMP. The highest fish performance indices were achieved at T2 and T3, showing no significant (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) variance between them. Compared with the control, activities of lipase, α-amylase, and proteases were significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) higher in MEM<em>P</em>-fed fish showing no significant (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) variance among them. The glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, albumin content, and aminotransferase aspartate, and alanine aminotransferase activities were not significantly (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) different among the experimental treatments. Compared to the control group, serum antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) and immune indices (total Ig and lysozyme) exhibited significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) increases in MEMP-fed fish groups; particularly at T2 and T3. Significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) increases were observed in the expressions of antioxidant related-genes (<em>SOD, CAT,</em> and <em>GPx</em>) and inti-inflammatory genes (<em>IL-6</em> and <em>IL-10</em>) in MEMP-supplemented fish compared to the T0 group. After the bacterial challenge, the RSP in T2 and T3 fish were better (42.68 %) than that of T1 (23.81 %) and T0 (0.0 %). In conclusion, feeding grass carp juveniles on MEMP (3.0 g/kg feed) improved the growth indices, digestive enzymes, and the antioxidant-immune factors. Additionally, it also enhanced the fish resistance against possible <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary incorporation of defatted yellow mealworm larvae as an alternative protein source on growth, digestive, antioxidant, metabolic enzyme activities, hepatic histomorphology and immunity in pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)","authors":"M. Ardra ,&nbsp;Chiranjiv Pradhan ,&nbsp;Sweta Das ,&nbsp;Vadavanath Prabhakaran Vineetha","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the impact of defatted yellow mealworm larvae (DYMWL) meal in growth, nutrient utilization, enzyme activities, liver histology, and immune responses in pangasius (<em>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)</em>. Fingerlings (4.12 ± 0.06 g), were distributed into five distinct dietary groups, and fed with 0 % (DYMWL0), 25 % (DYMWL25), 50 % (DYMWL50), 75 % (DYMWL75), and 100 % (DYMWL100) of fishmeal (FM) replaced diet with DYMWL. Fish were reared in 120 L fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) tubs (20 fish per tub) and fed to satiation for 60 days. The results revealed that highest weight gain was recorded in the DYMWL50 group, and then declined as dietary DYMWL level further increased from 75 % to 100 %. The increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) and reduced parameters related to nutrient utilization were recorded in the DYMWL100 group. The broken line regression model identified optimal FM replacement at 54.01 % for weight gain and 56.32 % for specific growth rate (SGR). The higher and statistically insignificant body crude protein contents were recorded in the DYMWL0, DYMWL25, and DYMWL50 dietary groups, while lipid content remained unaffected (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The digestive enzyme activities (protease, amylase, and lipase) significantly affected with DYMWL inclusion (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and all showing reductions in the DYMWL100 groups. The antioxidant parameters such as SOD, T-AOC, and MDA were unaffected by DYMWL inclusion (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), whereas CAT, and GSTs activity declined beyond 50 % DYMWL inclusion. The results of metabolic enzyme activities (MDH, G-6-PDH, and GDH), innate immune parameters (NBT, antiprotease activity, and lysozyme assay) and immune related gene expressions (Transferrin, and IL-1β) were not significantly different among groups (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Overall, our results indicated that DYMWL could be a viable alternative protein source, 7.5 % DYMWL inclusion (replacing 50 % FM) in pangasius feed with no adverse effects on growth and other parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory effects of high concentrate diet synergistically fermented with cellulase and lactic acid bacteria: In vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production, and rumen microbiome","authors":"Haokai Ma,&nbsp;Ao Dong,&nbsp;Yiou Xu,&nbsp;Qinghua Wu,&nbsp;Modinat Tolani Lambo,&nbsp;Yonggen Zhang,&nbsp;Xiujing Dou,&nbsp;Yang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate, using <em>in vitro</em> technique and high-throughput sequencing, the regulatory effect of fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) prepared using synergistic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) and cellulase on rumen fermentation, methane emission, and rumen microbiome. The concentrate-to-forage ratio of the TMR was 6: 4, net energy was 1.66 Mcal (for lactating cows), and metabolizable energy and protein allowable milk yield predictions were 36.3 kg or 37.6 kg from Cornell-Penn-Miner dairy model (CPM dairy). The LABs (10⁶ colony-forming units (cfu)/g, <em>Lactobacillus buchneri</em> and <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em>, at a ratio 1:1) and 1 g fibrolytic enzyme (10,000 U/g activity) per fresh matter were used for ensiling the TMR. The results show that the synergistic fermentation of cellulase and lactic acid bacteria reduces the proportions of structural carbohydrate, neutral detergent insoluble protein, and acid detergent insoluble protein in high concentrate diet while increasing the proportions of crude protein, soluble protein, and non-protein nitrogen. The FTMR with LABs and cellulase addition diet had higher ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid, lactic acid contents, and lower pH than TMR. Also, <em>the in situ</em> effective degradation rate of neutral detergent fiber, dry matter, and crude protein was elevated. At the same time, the abundance of lactic acid bacteria was improved when LABs and cellulase were added to FTMR. The <em>in vitro</em> experiments showed that synergistic fermentation increased the proportion of propionic acid (26.47 <em>vs</em> 22.39, <em>P</em> = 0.0166) and ammonia nitrogen concentration (12.25 <em>vs</em> 10.24, <em>P</em> = 0.0144) and reduced ruminal pH (6.56 <em>vs</em> 6.68, <em>P</em> = 0.0249). In addition, the proportion of acetic acid (60.34 vs 66.38, <em>P</em> = 0.0059) and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid concentration (2.29 vs 2.97, <em>P</em> = 0.0077) was lowered when FTMR was prepared by LABs and cellulase addition. Fermented total mixed ration with LABs and cellulase changed the rumen fermentation pattern and reduced methane production (184.33 ml <em>vs</em> 219.38 ml, <em>P</em> = 0.0003) by regulating <em>in vitro</em> ruminal bacteria's abundance and the diversity of protozoa and methanogens. Therefore, for a high-concentrate diet, adopting a fermented total mixed ration technology with LABs and cellulase addition is a clean option that could help reduce greenhouse gas production and protect the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of type of grinding of lucerne hay and wheat straw in diets for growing rabbits with two levels of neutral detergent fibre","authors":"Carlos Romero ,&nbsp;Nuria Nicodemus ,&nbsp;Rosa Carabaño ,&nbsp;Javier García","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To evaluate the effects of insoluble fibre level and its potential interaction with type of grinding on growing rabbits, four diets in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were used with normal (NF) and low (LF) neutral detergent fibre (using α-amylase and ash free, aNDFom) level (340 vs. 270 g aNDFom/kg DM, dry matter) and coarse (<strong>CG</strong>) and normal (<strong>NG</strong>) type of grinding of lucerne hay and wheat straw (coarse: 9-mm vs. normal: 1-mm). This resulted in a proportion of fibrous large particles (&gt; 315 μm) of 234, 183, 171 and 140 g aNDFom/kg DM for NF-CG, NF-NG, LF-CG and LF-NG diets, respectively. Diets contained a similar digestible [protein/energy] ratio of 10.7 g/MJ. A total of 464 crossbred mixed-sex rabbits (116 per diet) weaned at 25 days of age were used to record growth performance and mortality rate between 25 and 60 days of age, ileal (at 39 d) and faecal (at 39 and 60 d) digestibilities, digestive traits (organs weight and caecal pH at 39 and 60 d, caecal total volatile fatty acid concentration, VFA, at 39 d) and morphology of jejunal mucosa (at 39 d). The reduction of dietary aNDFom from 340 to 270 g/kg impaired growth rate (45.2 vs. 41.8 g/d, P = 0.002) and mortality (12.2 vs. 20.9 %, P &lt; 0.001), with no effect on feed efficiency (0.457 g/g on average). It resulted in lower [villus height/crypt depth] ratio in the jejunal mucosa (5.48 vs. 4.26, P &lt; 0.001) and caecal VFA (65.2 vs. 56.7 mmol/l, P = 0.002), and higher ileal and faecal digestibilities of DM (0.529 vs. 0.599, and 0.671 vs. 0.741, respectively, P &lt; 0.001), and relative weight of caecal contents at 60 days of age (58.6 vs. 69.4 g/kg body weight, P = 0.006). In rabbits fed NF diets, coarse grinding reduced mortality rate (15.1 vs. 9.3 %, P &lt; 0.05). Coarse grinding in LF diets reduced relative weight of caecal contents at 39 days (77.6 vs. 61.6 g/kg body weight, P &lt; 0.05), but not at 60 d. Nevertheless, the mortality still remained higher with the LF-CG diet (19.8 %) than with the NF diets. In conclusion, aNDFom level should not be reduced in diets for fattening rabbits below the minimal requirement (330 g/kg DM), and a coarse grinding of the dietary fibrous ingredients cannot make up for a deficitary dietary aNDFom concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hydrolyzed hairtail protein partially replacing fish meal in diets on growth and protein turnover rate for hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂)","authors":"Yanbo Cheng ,&nbsp;Yongchao Wang ,&nbsp;Guohuan Xu ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Dong ,&nbsp;Bo Shi ,&nbsp;Dong Han ,&nbsp;Yuexing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high protein content and digestibility of hydrolyzed hairtail protein (HHP) promise a superior protein source for aquatic animal diets. In this experiment, the feasibility of HHP as an alternative for fishmeal (FM) in diets of hybrid grouper (<em>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</em>♀×<em>E. lanceolatus</em>♂) was evaluated by exploring its impact on growth and protein turnover rate. For this, three iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic extruded diets were formulated: one with FM (33 %, HHP0); two with 10 % (HHP1) and 20 % (HHP2) FM protein replaced by HHP. After a 60-day feeding trial, an independent effect of dietary HHP levels on grouper growth performance, body composition, and nutrient retention efficiency was recorded. However, a second-order increase in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and dry matter apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) was plotted with increasing dietary HHP levels. Furthermore, results showed no adverse effect on protein turnover rate in muscle tissue at different dietary HHP levels, while the relative contribution ratio (RCR) from HHP on growth was lower than that from the equal amount of FM. Overall, our finding indicated that up to 20 % FM protein could be replaced by HHP without adverse effects on growth, body composition, nutrient retention efficiency, digestibility coefficient, and protein turnover rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrot pulp improves performance and antioxidant status of ewes and their lambs","authors":"S.H. Mousavi Esfiokhi,&nbsp;M.A. Norouzian,&nbsp;M.R. Sahl Abadi","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary inclusion levels of carrot pulp during the pre- and postpartum periods on performance parameters, milk production, colostrum composition, blood metabolites, and antioxidant status in Zandi ewes and their lambs. A total of 18 Zandi ewes with singleton pregnancies were included in the study, monitored from 30 days prior to parturition until 30 days post-lambing. The multiparous ewes, with a mean age of approximately 3 years, were randomly allocated to one of three experimental treatment groups: a control group was given a basal diet, while the treatment groups received diets in which 200 g/kg and 400 g/kg of wheat straw and alfalfa were replaced with carrot pulp. The diets were isonitrogenous but not isocaloric. Data were collected on ewe colostrum and milk yield and compositional attributes, lamb birth weight, average daily gain, and milk intake. Furthermore, blood samples were obtained from both ewes and lambs at specific time points, including immediately postpartum, 24 hours after birth, and at weekly intervals up to one month, for the analysis of various blood parameters. The results demonstrated that the inclusion of 400 g/kg carrot pulp in the diet resulted in a statistically significant increase in colostrum yield, milk yield, and milk fat concentration in the Zandi ewes (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, ewes fed diets supplemented with carrot pulp showed higher feed intake and experienced less weight loss during the postpartum period compared to the control group. While the experimental treatments did not significantly affect the blood parameters of the ewes after parturition, a significant increase in blood total antioxidant capacity was observed in the carrot pulp treatment groups compared to the control group. The experimental diets increased average daily gain and milk consumption of the lambs. The 400 g/kg carrot pulp treatment resulted in the highest levels of blood immunoglobulin G, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and the lowest levels of malondialdehyde. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the inclusion of carrot pulp, particularly at the level of 400 g/kg, in the diets of Zandi ewes during the pre- and postpartum periods can significantly enhance the health and productive performance of both ewes and their lambs, leading to improvements in blood parameters, average daily gain, milk consumption, and antioxidant status. However, it is recommended to evaluate the use of carrot pulp in iso-energy diets to further understand its effects under controlled energy levels across dietary treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulatory effects of dietary savory (Satureja hortensis L.) ethanolic extract on growth, digestive enzymes, immune parameters, antioxidant defense, and immune and antioxidant-related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Fatemeh Gharibi Joibari ,&nbsp;Masoumeh Bahrekazemi ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Keshavarz ,&nbsp;Somayeh Bahram ,&nbsp;Seyed Rohollah Javadian ,&nbsp;Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current investigation focused on examining the growth performance, immune and antioxidative factors, and mRNA levels of immune and antioxidant-related genes in zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) that were fed with different levels of savory (<em>Satureja hortensis</em> L.) ethanolic extract (SEE) for 8 weeks. To achieve this objective, a total of 240 zebrafish with a mean weight of 65.37 ± 5.9 mg were fed on 0.0 (the control; T0), 0.5 % (T0.5), 1 % (T1), and 2 % (T2) of SEE for a period of 8 weeks. The results for the growth performance of zebrafish showed that the final weight (165.20±1.92 mg), Weight gain (147.71±1.15 mg), specific growth rate (1.62±0.03) was significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) enhanced with the dietary SEE levels and the best performance was noted in T1 and T2. highest activity levels of α-amylase (53.56±1.21), lipase (3.56±0.16), proteases (13.78±0.21), pepsin (0.31±0.01), chymotrypsin (0.44±0.01), and trypsin (0.68±0.01) were observed especially T2 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The results of tissue and mucus immune factors revealed that feeding the fish on SEE diets significantly increased the immune activity represented by lysozyme, total Immunoglobulin (Ig), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), total protein, and ACH50 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The malondialdehyde value was significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) affected by experimental diets and its lowest value was notably observed in T1 and T2 than those in T0 and T0.5. The tissue and mucus activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant activity (TAC) increased considerably (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the treatments fed with SEE, and their highest levels were detected in T1 and T2. The relative mRNA expression of <em>CAT</em>, <em>SOD</em>, <em>GPx,</em> and glutathione reductase (<em>GSR</em>) genes in treatments fed with different SEE levels was higher than those in the control group. The relative expression of <em>Lysozyme</em> was notably higher, meanwhile the expression of genes including <em>Interleukin 1β</em> (<em>IL.1B</em>), <em>Interleukin 8</em> (<em>IL8</em>), and <em>Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)</em>, significantly decreased in fish fed with SEE; especially at T1 and T2. The present study, 1–2 % savory ethanolic extract of SEE improved the performance, immune, and antioxidant levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-dependent effects of supplemental phytase on ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients and growth performance in growing pigs","authors":"Youngwoo Kang ,&nbsp;Yoon Soo Song ,&nbsp;Jong Woong Kim ,&nbsp;Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to determine the dose-dependent effects of supplemental phytase on ileal and fecal digestibility and hindgut disappearance (HD) of nutrients and growth performance in pigs. In experiment 1, twelve barrows with an initial body weight of 29.2 kg (standard deviation = 2.2) were allotted to 6 diets in a replicated 6 × 4 incomplete Latin square design to obtain 8 observations per dietary treatment. The coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of nutrients were determined. Additionally, the HD was calculated as the deviation between CAID and CATTD. A high-phosphorus (HP; 5.1 g/kg total phosphorus) diet was prepared based on corn and soybean meal with dicalcium phosphate to meet the phosphorus requirement. Five additional diets mainly consisted of corn and soybean meal were formulated to contain a low phosphorus (LP; 3.8 g/kg total phosphorus) concentration. The LP diet was supplemented with phytase at 0, 300, 600, 900, or 1500 unit/kg. All experimental diets contained 5.0 g/kg of chromic oxide as an indigestible index. In experiment 2, two hundred forty barrows with an initial body weight of 29.5 kg (standard deviation = 2.4) were allotted to 1 of 6 diets in a randomized complete block design with 10 replicate pens per dietary treatment and 4 barrows per pen. The same experimental diets as in experiment 1 were provided to the pigs for 28 days. In experiment 1, the CAID, CATTD, and HD of dry matter was not affected but CAID and CATTD of calcium increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing phytase supplementation. The CAID, CATTD, and coefficients of standardized ileal and total tract digestibility of phosphorus increased (P &lt; 0.01) in a quadratic manner with increasing supplemental phytase. The standardized HD of phosphorus was greater (P = 0.049) in pigs fed the LP diet compared with that in pigs fed the HP diet. Supplemental phytase resulted in a quadratic increase (P &lt; 0.05) in CAID of all indispensable amino acids except methionine and tryptophan. In experiment 2, the growth performance was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the LP diet compared with those fed the HP diet but increased (P &lt; 0.05) in a quadratic manner by supplemental phytase. In conclusion, the digestibility of calcium, phosphorus, and amino acids, and the growth performance of pigs were improved by supplemental phytase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an immunomodulatory feed additive on feed intake behavior, skin temperature, and milk yield in dairy cows during the hot season","authors":"Julia Avansi Marques ,&nbsp;Caio S. Takiya ,&nbsp;Tiago Antonio Del Valle ,&nbsp;Nathália T.S. Grigoletto ,&nbsp;Guilherme G. da Silva ,&nbsp;Francisco P. Rennó","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat stressing conditions alter behavior and physiology which results in impaired performance of dairy cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an immunomodulatory additive on feed intake, behavior, physiological parameters, and productivity of dairy cows during heat stress. Forty-two Holstein cows (610 ± 77.5 kg body weight, 28.2 ± 4.12 kg/d milk yield, and 179 ± 90 days in milk) were used in a complete block randomized design to evaluate the following treatments: Control (CON): basal diet without immunomodulatory additive; and OmniGen-AF (OMN): basal diet plus 56 g/d of OmniGen-AF (Phibro Animal Health, Teaneck, NJ, USA) fed during 6 wks. Throughout the trial, the air temperature, relative humidity, and temperature-humidity index averaged 25.9 ± 1.53 ºC, 68.1 ± 7.67 %, and 74.7 ± 2.17, respectively. Cows fed OMN showed increased dry matter intake, fat-corrected milk production, and milk concentrations of fat and protein compared to CON. OMN tended to increase milk yield and body condition score. OmniGen-AF increased serum glucose concentration and had no effect on feed intake behavior, feed particle sorting index, or physiological parameters (heart rate, respiration rate, and rectal temperature). OMN decreased or tended to decrease the surface temperature of the rumen region of cows throughout the day. Thus, OmniGen-AF improves feed intake, body condition score, fat-corrected milk yield, and milk solids of dairy cows under heat-stress conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}