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High precision in a Fourier-transform spectrum of protactinium: extensive weighted least-squares fits of peak wavenumbers for analysis of fine and hyperfine structure 镤的傅立叶变换光谱的高精度:用于分析精细和超精细结构的峰值文数的广泛加权最小二乘法拟合
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00895-7
Sophie Kröger
<p>A Fourier-transform recording of protactinium in the infrared range is reanalysed with high precision in order to determine the hyperfine interaction constants <i>A</i> and <i>B</i>. Starting with a selection of best lines and least-squares fits of hyperfine structure intervals, large systems of linear equations compare experimental hyperfine peak wavenumbers with a theoretical representation. The theoretical representation is based on Ritz’s combination principle and Casimir’s formula according to the existing classification. Weighted least-squares fits allow a discrimination between unperturbed and perturbed data such as blended hyperfine structure components. For the first time, the wavenumbers of the hyperfine components of more than 600 lines are fitted using the characteristics of about 250 levels as parameters. When adding adjustable wavenumber-scale correction parameters, global consistency for the whole IR spectrum is obtained with local limits of about <span>(0.3,times 10^{-3})</span> cm<span>(^{-1})</span>. This demonstrates the high precision in both recording and analysis. The values of the fine structure energies are revised. Standard errors around 0.1 <span>(times 10^{-3})</span> cm<span>(^{-1})</span> for the <i>A</i> constants and 10<span>(^{-3})</span> cm<span>(^{-1})</span> for the <i>B</i> constants and the fine structure energies are achieved. Representative examples illustrate extensive results obtained for atomic protactinium. This high precision facilitates further search for new energy levels, and 20 new levels were presented. <b>Foreword</b> The data presented here are the results of a study carried out at the Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC) at Paris-Orsay in the years 2003 and 2004, when I was there for a research stay. At this time, I worked together with Jean-François Wyart and Annie Ginibre on the re-examination of protactinium spectra that have been measured about 30 years earlier and that were available in the form of a printed list of peak wavenumbers and a printed paper chart of the intensity profile. The spectra had already been analysed, but there was still a lot of additional information that could be extracted from the spectra with time and effort. The review of the data, the selection of the data and the step-by-step optimization of the data set took a lot of time. When I returned to Berlin in 2004, we had made good progress, but in principle, it is like a bottomless pit. We continued together to optimize the data and tried to the finishing touches to it. At some point, we decided that we had reached a ‘level of maturity’ where the data could be published. We have discussed a lot about how detailed the text should be. This discussion has dragged on over the years and this project has repeatedly been lost in the stream of other everyday tasks. Every now and then there was a small attempt to return to this topic, but it quickly got lost in the daily hustle and bustle. In 2012, we presented the results at a co
摘要 为了确定超正弦相互作用常数 A 和 B,对质子在红外范围内的傅立叶变换记录进行了高精度的重新分析。根据现有的分类,理论表示是基于里兹组合原理和卡西米尔公式。加权最小二乘法拟合可以区分未扰动数据和扰动数据,如混合超正弦结构成分。首次使用大约 250 个层次的特征作为参数,拟合了 600 多条谱线的超正弦成分的文波数。当添加可调节的文波数尺度校正参数时,整个红外光谱获得了全局一致性,局部极限约为(0.3,times 10^{-3}) cm(^{-1}) 。这表明记录和分析的精度都很高。精细结构能量的值是经过修正的。A 常量的标准误差约为 0.1 (乘以 10^{-3}) cm(^{-1}) ,B 常量和精细结构能的标准误差约为 10(^{-3}) cm(^{-1}) 。有代表性的例子说明了原子镤的广泛结果。这种高精度有助于进一步寻找新能级,并提出了 20 个新能级。前言 本文介绍的数据是我于 2003 年和 2004 年在巴黎奥赛艾梅-科顿实验室(LAC)进行研究的结果。当时,我与让-弗朗索瓦-怀亚特(Jean-François Wyart)和安妮-吉尼布雷(Annie Ginibre)合作,对大约 30 年前测量的镤化物光谱进行了重新研究。虽然已经对光谱进行了分析,但仍有许多额外的信息可以通过花费时间和精力从光谱中提取出来。审查数据、选择数据和逐步优化数据集花费了大量时间。2004 年我回到柏林时,我们已经取得了不错的进展,但原则上,这就像一个无底洞。我们继续一起优化数据,并试图对其进行收尾工作。在某个阶段,我们认为我们已经达到了可以公布数据的 "成熟度"。我们就文本的详细程度进行了多次讨论。这种讨论拖了好几年,这个项目也一再被其他日常工作淹没。时不时地,我们会尝试回到这个话题,但很快就会被日常的喧嚣所淹没。2012 年,我们在一次会议上展示了研究成果。他们两人在两年内相继去世,这对我打击很大。我非常遗憾这项工作未能尽早出版。这本特辑是我最终发表这些数据的正确动力。我现在既无法获得当时在大型计算机系统上运行的计算机程序,也无法获得原始测量数据。我也无法找到大量的纸张(峰值波数的打印列表和光谱的打印纸质图表)的去向。但我有一堆计算的输入和输出文件,这些文件多年来已变得有些杂乱,其中包含大量信息,还有我们未完成的手稿。由此产生的数据包含了对后人很重要的信息--尤其是因为该元素具有放射性,而收集实验室数据的实验在短期内不太可能重复。我认为值得公布这些数据。图文摘要Pa 的高精度傅立叶变换光谱:精细和超精细结构分析
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引用次数: 0
Spectral phase pulse shaping reduces ground state depletion in high-order harmonic generation 频谱相位脉冲整形可减少高阶谐波产生过程中的基态损耗
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00890-y
J. Aygun, C. G. Buitrago, M. F. Ciappina, A. L. Harris

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) has become an indispensable process for generating attosecond pulse trains and single attosecond pulses used in the observation of nuclear and electronic motion. As such, improved control of the HHG process is desirable, and one such possibility for this control is through the use of structured laser pulses. We present numerical results from solving the one-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation for HHG from hydrogen using Airy and Gaussian pulses that differ only in their spectral phase. Airy pulses have identical power spectra to Gaussian pulses, but different spectral phases and temporal envelopes. We show that the use of Airy pulses results in less ground state depletion compared to the Gaussian pulse, while maintaining harmonic yield and cutoff. Our results demonstrate that Airy pulses with higher intensity can produce similar HHG spectra to lower intensity Gaussian pulses without depleting the ground state. The different temporal envelopes of the Gaussian and Airy pulses lead to changes in the dynamics of the HHG process, altering the time-dependence of the ground state population and the emission times of the high harmonics.

Graphical abstract

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) using an Airy pulse with a third order spectral phase results in less ground state depletion, but similar harmonic yield, compared to a Gaussian pulse. Top – schematic depiction of the 3-step HHG process for different intensity pulses. Bottom left – time-dependent ground state populations for Gaussian pulses showing that a more intense pulse causes more ground state depletion. Bottom middle – final ground state populations for Airy and Gaussian pulses as a function of intensity showing that Airy pulses result in less ground state depletion for a given intensity. Bottom right – HHG spectra for a more intense Airy pulse and a less intense Gaussian pulse exhibit similar shapes, magnitudes, and plateau cutoff values

高阶谐波发生(HHG)已成为产生用于观测核运动和电子运动的阿秒脉冲串和单个阿秒脉冲不可或缺的过程。因此,我们希望改进对 HHG 过程的控制,其中一种控制方法是使用结构化激光脉冲。我们介绍了使用Airy脉冲和高斯脉冲求解氢的一维时变薛定谔方程的数值结果。Airy脉冲与高斯脉冲具有相同的功率谱,但光谱相位和时间包络不同。我们的研究结果表明,与高斯脉冲相比,使用Airy脉冲可减少基态损耗,同时保持谐波产量和截止。我们的结果表明,强度较高的空气脉冲可以产生与强度较低的高斯脉冲类似的 HHG 光谱,而不会损耗基态。高斯脉冲和Airy脉冲的不同时间包络导致了HHG过程的动态变化,改变了基态种群的时间依赖性和高次谐波的发射时间。
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引用次数: 0
Interference and tunneling of beams in fractional systems with rectangular potential 具有矩形势能的分数系统中光束的干涉和隧道效应
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00901-y
Min Han, Xiaoqin Bai, Rongcao Yang

The dynamics of hyperbolic secant beams under the competition between the fractional diffraction and rectangular potential is investigated. It is found that the beams can exhibit the reflection, tunneling and interference, forming the bound states, optical lattices or fringes, or solitons under different conditions. In linear regime, when the potential is wide, the beam exhibits the total reflection for deeper potential and smaller incident angle, and presents the reflection and tunneling for shallower potential and larger incident angle. The irregular interference pattern and bound states are generated for the narrow potential. Moreover, the initial chirp causes the appearance of side lobes during beam propagation. When two hyperbolic secant beams are symmetrically incident from inside or outside the potential, the interference lattices or interference fringes are generated inside the potential, which are related to the Lévy index, initial chirp and incident angle of the beams. In nonlinear regime, the hyperbolic secant beam undergoes the collapse, splitting or formation of the periodic-like soliton by selecting appropriate parameters including the Lévy index, initial chirp and incident angle. In addition, the dynamics of two hyperbolic secant beams under the interaction of the nonlinear effect and fractional diffraction is also investigated in detail. This work provides more possibilities for optical lattice generation and optical manipulation.

Graphical abstract

研究了双曲正割光束在分数衍射和矩形势竞争下的动力学。研究发现,光束在不同条件下可以表现出反射、隧道和干涉,形成束缚态、光晶格或流纹或孤子。在线性条件下,当电势较宽时,光束在较深电势和较小入射角时表现为全反射,而在较浅电势和较大入射角时则表现为反射和隧道。当电势较窄时,会产生不规则的干涉图案和束缚态。此外,初始啁啾会导致光束传播过程中出现侧叶。当两束双曲正割光束从电势内部或外部对称入射时,会在电势内部产生干涉晶格或干涉条纹,这与光束的莱维指数、初始啁啾和入射角度有关。在非线性状态下,双曲正割光束会通过选择适当的参数(包括莱维指数、初始奇异点和入射角)发生坍缩、分裂或形成周期样孤子。此外,还详细研究了两个双曲正割光束在非线性效应和分数衍射相互作用下的动态。这项工作为光学晶格生成和光学操纵提供了更多可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Controllable nonreciprocity based on a coupling-tunable waveguide 基于耦合可调波导的可控非互斥性
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00898-4
Da-Liu Zheng, Jun-Fang Wu, Chao Li

Most of the previously proposed methods for nonreciprocal light transmission are based on the unequal couplings of the nanocavity with the input waveguide and the output waveguide, which will inevitably affect the contrast ratio and working bandwidth. Here, we present a simple approach just via the side coupling between one nonlinear resonator and a coupling-tunable waveguide, demonstrating that a high transmission contrast, broad operation bandwidth, and controllable nonreciprocal light transmission can be realized even though the coupling is symmetric. The underlying physics is revealed. This approach may open a way for the study of on-chip optical information processing and quantum computing.

Graphical abstract

Reconfigurable nonreciprocal light transmission with high contrast and broad operation bandwidth

之前提出的大多数非互易光传输方法都是基于纳米腔与输入波导和输出波导的不等耦合,这将不可避免地影响对比度和工作带宽。在这里,我们提出了一种仅通过一个非线性谐振器和一个耦合可调波导之间的侧耦合的简单方法,证明即使耦合是对称的,也能实现高传输对比度、宽工作带宽和可控的非互易光传输。揭示了其基本物理原理。这种方法可为片上光信息处理和量子计算的研究开辟道路。
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引用次数: 0
Differential elastic scattering and electron-impact ionization cross sections of nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮的差弹性散射和电子撞击电离截面
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00880-0
M. Dinger, Y. Park, W. Y. Baek

With the aim of providing datasets for simulations of electron transport processes in the upper atmosphere, we measured singly differential elastic electron scattering and doubly differential electron-impact ionization cross sections of nitrous oxide. These measurements were conducted for primary electron energies between 30 eV and 1 keV in the angular range of 20°–150°. Secondary electron energies spanned from 4 eV to approximately half of the primary electron energy. In addition to the measurements, the differential elastic scattering cross sections of nitrous oxide were calculated using the IAM-SCAR + I model. Furthermore, the singly differential and total ionization cross sections of nitrous oxide were obtained by integrating the doubly differential ionization cross sections over emission angle and over both emission angle and secondary electron energy, respectively. These cross sections were compared to calculations performed using the BEB model and to experimental results of other groups, who determined the total ionization cross sections of nitrous oxide by collecting ions generated during electron impact.

Graphical abstract

为了给模拟高层大气电子传输过程提供数据集,我们测量了一氧化二氮的单差分弹性电子散射和双差分电子撞击电离截面。这些测量是在 20°-150° 角范围内对 30 eV 至 1 keV 的一次电子能量进行的。二次电子能量的范围从 4 eV 到一次电子能量的一半左右。除测量结果外,还利用 IAM-SCAR + I 模型计算了一氧化二氮的差分弹性散射截面。此外,通过对发射角的双差分电离截面以及发射角和二次电子能量的双差分电离截面进行积分,分别得到了一氧化二氮的单差分电离截面和总电离截面。这些截面与使用 BEB 模型进行的计算结果以及其他研究小组的实验结果进行了比较。
{"title":"Differential elastic scattering and electron-impact ionization cross sections of nitrous oxide","authors":"M. Dinger,&nbsp;Y. Park,&nbsp;W. Y. Baek","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00880-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00880-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the aim of providing datasets for simulations of electron transport processes in the upper atmosphere, we measured singly differential elastic electron scattering and doubly differential electron-impact ionization cross sections of nitrous oxide. These measurements were conducted for primary electron energies between 30 eV and 1 keV in the angular range of 20°–150°. Secondary electron energies spanned from 4 eV to approximately half of the primary electron energy. In addition to the measurements, the differential elastic scattering cross sections of nitrous oxide were calculated using the IAM-SCAR + I model. Furthermore, the singly differential and total ionization cross sections of nitrous oxide were obtained by integrating the doubly differential ionization cross sections over emission angle and over both emission angle and secondary electron energy, respectively. These cross sections were compared to calculations performed using the BEB model and to experimental results of other groups, who determined the total ionization cross sections of nitrous oxide by collecting ions generated during electron impact.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"78 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00880-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-resolution laboratory measurements of M-shell Fe EUV line emission using EBIT-I 利用 EBIT-I 高分辨率实验室测量 M 壳铁超紫外线发射
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00891-x
Alexander J. Fairchild, Natalie Hell, Peter Beiersdorfer, Gregory V. Brown, Megan E. Eckart, Michael Hahn, Daniel W. Savin

Solar physicists routinely utilize observations of Ar-like Fe IX and Cl-like Fe X emission to study a variety of solar structures. However, unidentified lines exist in the Fe IX and Fe X spectra, greatly impeding the spectroscopic diagnostic potential of these ions. Here, we present measurements using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory EBIT-I electron beam ion trap in the wavelength range 238–258 Å. These studies enable us to unambiguously identify the charge state associated with each of the observed lines. This wavelength range is of particular interest because it contains the Fe IX density diagnostic line ratio 241.74 Å/244.91 Å, which is predicted to be one of the best density diagnostics of the solar corona, as well as the Fe X 257.26 Å magnetic-field-induced transition. We compare our measurements to the Fe IX and Fe X lines tabulated in CHIANTI v10.0.1, which is used for modeling the solar spectrum. In addition, we have measured previously unidentified Fe X lines that will need to be added to CHIANTI and other spectroscopic databases.

太阳物理学家通常利用对 Ar 类 Fe IX 和 Cl 类 Fe X 发射的观测来研究各种太阳结构。然而,Fe IX 和 Fe X 光谱中存在未识别线,极大地阻碍了这些离子的光谱诊断潜力。在此,我们介绍了使用劳伦斯-利弗莫尔国家实验室 EBIT-I 电子束离子阱在 238-258 Å 波长范围内进行的测量。我们对这一波长范围特别感兴趣,因为它包含了铁 IX 密度诊断线比率 241.74 Å/244.91 Å(据预测这是日冕的最佳密度诊断线之一),以及铁 X 257.26 Å 磁场诱导转变。我们将测量结果与用于太阳光谱建模的 CHIANTI v10.0.1 中列出的铁 IX 和铁 X 线进行了比较。此外,我们还测量了以前未识别的铁 X 线,这些线需要添加到 CHIANTI 和其他光谱数据库中。
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引用次数: 0
A two-state Kalman estimator for atomic gravimetry 用于原子重力测量的双态卡尔曼估计器
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00888-6
Bo-Nan Jiang

We present a two-state Kalman estimator of gravity acceleration and evaluate its performance by numerical simulations and post-measurement demonstration with real-world atomic gravimetry. We show that the estimator-enhanced gravimetry significantly improves upon both short-term sensitivity and long-term stability. The estimates of gravity acceleration demonstrate a (tau ^{1/2}) feature well under white phase noise in the short term, and continue to improve as (tau ^{-1/2}) or improve faster as (tau ^{-1}) in the long term. This work validates the estimation of gravity acceleration as a key topic for future atomic gravimetry.

The performance of atomic gravimetry is limited by noises and other systematic or geophysical effects. By building a Kaman estimator rooted in the physics of atom interferometry, we realize significant improvements in both short-term sensitivity and long-term stability. This demonstration of estimator-enhanced gravimetry would be of great interest for static measurements of gravity, such as metrology or geophysics (Color online)

摘要 我们提出了重力加速度的双状态卡尔曼估计器,并通过数值模拟和实际原子重力测量的测量后演示对其性能进行了评估。我们的研究表明,估计器增强的重力测量法显著提高了短期灵敏度和长期稳定性。重力加速度的估计值在短期内表现出了(tau ^{1/2})的特征,并且在长期内随着(tau ^{-1/2})的提高而继续提高,或者随着(tau ^{-1})的提高而更快地提高。这项工作验证了重力加速度的估计是未来原子重力测量的一个关键课题。通过建立植根于原子干涉测量物理学的卡曼估计器,我们实现了短期灵敏度和长期稳定性的显著提高。这种估算器增强重力测量法的演示对于重力的静态测量,如计量学或地球物理学,将具有极大的意义(彩色在线版)
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引用次数: 0
Heralded generation of displaced qudits from quantum optical catalysis 从量子光学催化中预示性地产生位移量子点
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00893-9
Devibala Esakkimuthu, Merlin Jayapaul, A. Basherrudin Mahmud Ahmed Abduljaffer

Creating non-Gaussian photonic states in the continuous variable regime, with high fidelity is essential for implementing universal quantum computation. However, this is a challenging task to achieve the essential nonlinearity. Alternatively, various non-Gaussian states of light can be created by the use of a simple linear setup called quantum optical catalysis (QOC). In this work, we attempt to bring out the salient features of the multi-photon QOC process in terms of state preparation and characterization. The notion of state preparation from the QOC is achieved by expressing the output state as displaced qudits (DQ). The obtained superposition coefficients facilitate the characterization of states and carve a path to get desired non-Gaussian states. Moreover, the figures of merit of the prepared states are employed through Hilbert Schmidt distance, Wigner negativity, and quadrature squeezing. From the results, it is inferred that the creation of individual displaced number states plays a predominant role in non-Gaussianity among the states derived. Meanwhile, the superposition of number states remains effective in achieving a significant degree of squeezing. In addition, the non-ideal preparation of DQ under realistic experimental conditions is investigated by incorporating imperfect photon detectors and mixed photon sources. The calculated success probability also attests to the potential for state generation.

在连续可变系统中创建高保真的非高斯光子态对于实现通用量子计算至关重要。然而,要实现必要的非线性,这是一项具有挑战性的任务。另一种方法是使用一种称为量子光催化(QOC)的简单线性设置来创建各种非高斯光子态。在这项研究中,我们试图从状态制备和特征描述的角度来揭示多光子 QOC 过程的显著特点。QOC 的状态制备概念是通过将输出状态表示为位移量子态(DQ)来实现的。所获得的叠加系数有助于对状态进行表征,并为获得所需的非高斯状态开辟了道路。此外,还通过希尔伯特-施密特距离、维格纳负性和正交挤压来计算所制备状态的优点。从结果中可以推断出,在衍生出的非高斯态中,单个位移数态的产生起着主导作用。同时,数态的叠加仍能有效地实现相当程度的挤压。此外,通过加入不完美光子探测器和混合光子源,研究了现实实验条件下 DQ 的非理想制备。计算出的成功概率也证明了状态生成的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Achieving quantum metrological performance and exact Heisenberg limit precision through superposition of s-spin coherent states 通过 s-自旋相干态的叠加实现量子计量性能和精确的海森堡极限精度
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00894-8
Hanan Saidi, Hanane El Hadfi, Abdallah Slaoui, Rachid Ahl Laamara

In quantum phase estimation, the Heisenberg limit provides the ultimate accuracy over quasi-classical estimation procedures. However, realizing this limit hinges upon both the detection strategy employed for output measurements and the characteristics of the input states. This study delves into quantum phase estimation using s-spin coherent states superposition. Initially, we delve into the explicit formulation of spin coherent states for a spin (s=3/2). Both the quantum Fisher information and the quantum Cramer–Rao bound are meticulously examined. We analytically show that the ultimate measurement precision of spin cat states approaches the Heisenberg limit, where uncertainty decreases inversely with the total particle number. Moreover, we investigate the phase sensitivity introduced through operators (e^{izeta {S}_{z}}), (e^{izeta {S}_{x}}) and (e^{izeta {S}_{y}}), subsequently comparing the resultants findings. In closing, we provide a general analytical expression for the quantum Cramér–Rao bound applied to these three parameter-generating operators, utilizing general s-spin coherent states. We remarked that attaining Heisenberg-limit precision requires the careful adjustment of insightful information about the geometry of s-spin cat states on the Bloch sphere. Additionally, as the number of s-spin increases, the Heisenberg limit decreases, and this reduction is inversely proportional to the s-spin number.

摘要 在量子相位估算中,海森堡极限提供了超越准经典估算程序的终极精度。然而,实现这一极限取决于输出测量所采用的探测策略和输入状态的特性。本研究利用 s-自旋相干态叠加深入研究量子相位估计。首先,我们深入研究了自旋相干态的明确表述(s=3/2)。我们仔细研究了量子费雪信息和量子克拉默-拉奥约束。我们通过分析表明,自旋猫态的最终测量精度接近海森堡极限,其中不确定性与粒子总数成反比递减。此外,我们还研究了通过算子(e^{izeta {S}_{z}} )、(e^{izeta {S}_{x}} )和(e^{izeta {S}_{y}} )引入的相位敏感性,随后对结果进行了比较。最后,我们利用一般的 s-自旋相干态,提供了应用于这三个参数生成算子的量子克拉梅尔-拉奥约束的一般分析表达式。我们指出,要达到海森堡极限精度,需要仔细调整有关布洛赫球上 s-自旋猫态几何的有洞察力的信息。此外,随着 s-自旋数量的增加,海森堡极限也会降低,而这种降低与 s-自旋数量成反比。
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引用次数: 0
New spectroscopic data on odd-parity autoionization states of atomic lutetium 原子镥奇偶性自电离状态的新光谱数据
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00892-w
Zhang Jun-Yao, Lu Xiao-Yong, Li Yun-Fei, Chai Jun-Jie

A three-color three-step resonance ionization mass spectroscopy technique was explored to investigate the odd-parity autoionization states of atomic lutetium, covering a range from 51,850 to 55,000 cm−1. By applying Fano fitting to the spectral analysis, we successfully identified 98 autoionization states, with 69 of which had never been reported. We also determined the half-width and transition strength for all identified states. Additionally, the lifetime of the excited state at 36,769.25 cm−1 was measured. This work provides the most comprehensive dataset to date on the complex odd-parity autoionization states of atomic lutetium, offering essential insights for enhancing the efficiency of resonant photoionization processes and understanding the atomic autoionization structure of lutetium.

Graphical abstract

我们利用三色三步共振电离质谱技术研究了原子镥的奇偶性自电离状态,范围从 51,850 到 55,000 cm-1。通过对光谱分析进行法诺拟合,我们成功地确定了 98 种自电离状态,其中 69 种从未被报道过。我们还确定了所有已确定状态的半宽和过渡强度。此外,我们还测量了位于 36,769.25 cm-1 处激发态的寿命。这项工作提供了迄今为止关于原子镥的复杂奇偶性自电离状态的最全面的数据集,为提高共振光电离过程的效率和了解镥的原子自电离结构提供了重要的见解。
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引用次数: 0
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The European Physical Journal D
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