Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-093307
Bai Yang Wang, Kyuho Lee, Berit H. Goodge
The superconducting nickelates were first proposed as potential analogs to the cuprate unconventional superconductors in 1999, but it took twenty years before superconductivity was successfully stabilized in epitaxial thin films. Since then, a flurry of both experimental and theoretical efforts have sought to understand the similarities and differences between the two systems and how they manifest in the macroscopic superconducting and normal-state properties. Although the nickelates and cuprates indeed share many commonalities within their respective phase diagrams, several notable differences have also emerged, especially regarding their parent compounds, electronic hybridization, and fermiology. Here, we provide a survey of the rapidly developing landscape of layered nickelate superconductors, including recent experimental progress to probe not just the superconducting but also normal state and other ordered phases stabilized in these compounds.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
{"title":"Experimental Progress in Superconducting Nickelates","authors":"Bai Yang Wang, Kyuho Lee, Berit H. Goodge","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-093307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-093307","url":null,"abstract":"The superconducting nickelates were first proposed as potential analogs to the cuprate unconventional superconductors in 1999, but it took twenty years before superconductivity was successfully stabilized in epitaxial thin films. Since then, a flurry of both experimental and theoretical efforts have sought to understand the similarities and differences between the two systems and how they manifest in the macroscopic superconducting and normal-state properties. Although the nickelates and cuprates indeed share many commonalities within their respective phase diagrams, several notable differences have also emerged, especially regarding their parent compounds, electronic hybridization, and fermiology. Here, we provide a survey of the rapidly developing landscape of layered nickelate superconductors, including recent experimental progress to probe not just the superconducting but also normal state and other ordered phases stabilized in these compounds.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138492018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-110710
Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Romain Vasseur
The Heisenberg spin chain is a canonical integrable model. As such, it features stable ballistically propagating quasiparticles, but spin transport is subballistic at any nonzero temperature: An initially localized spin fluctuation spreads in time t to a width t2/3. This exponent as well as the functional form of the dynamical spin correlation function suggest that spin transport is in the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) universality class. However, the full counting statistics of magnetization is manifestly incompatible with KPZ scaling. A simple two-mode hydrodynamic description, derivable from microscopic principles, captures both the KPZ scaling of the correlation function and the coarse features of the full counting statistics, but remains to be numerically validated. These results generalize to any integrable spin chain invariant under a continuous nonabelian symmetry and are surprisingly robust against moderately strong integrability-breaking perturbations that respect the nonabelian symmetry.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
海森堡自旋链是一个正则可积模型。因此，它具有稳定的弹道传播准粒子，但自旋输运在任何非零温度下都是亚弹道的:最初的局部自旋涨落在时间t上传播到宽度t2/3。该指数以及动态自旋相关函数的函数形式表明，自旋输运属于kardar - paris - zhang (KPZ)普适类。然而，磁化的全计数统计与KPZ标度明显不相容。一个简单的双模流体力学描述，可以从微观原理推导出来，同时捕获相关函数的KPZ缩放和全计数统计的粗糙特征，但仍有待数值验证。这些结果推广到任何连续非阿贝尔对称下的可积自旋链不变量，并且对于尊重非阿贝尔对称的中等强可积破缺微扰具有惊人的鲁棒性。预计《凝聚态物理年度评论》第15卷的最终在线出版日期为2024年3月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
{"title":"Superdiffusion from Nonabelian Symmetries in Nearly Integrable Systems","authors":"Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Romain Vasseur","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-110710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-110710","url":null,"abstract":"The Heisenberg spin chain is a canonical integrable model. As such, it features stable ballistically propagating quasiparticles, but spin transport is subballistic at any nonzero temperature: An initially localized spin fluctuation spreads in time t to a width t<jats:sup>2/3</jats:sup>. This exponent as well as the functional form of the dynamical spin correlation function suggest that spin transport is in the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) universality class. However, the full counting statistics of magnetization is manifestly incompatible with KPZ scaling. A simple two-mode hydrodynamic description, derivable from microscopic principles, captures both the KPZ scaling of the correlation function and the coarse features of the full counting statistics, but remains to be numerically validated. These results generalize to any integrable spin chain invariant under a continuous nonabelian symmetry and are surprisingly robust against moderately strong integrability-breaking perturbations that respect the nonabelian symmetry.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138293763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-022848
Leticia F. Cugliandolo
Rich out-of-equilibrium collective dynamics of strongly interacting large assemblies emerge in many areas of science. Some intriguing and not fully understood examples are the glassy arrest in atomic, molecular, or colloidal systems; flocking in natural or artificial active matter; and the organization and subsistence of ecosystems. The learning process, and ensuing amazing performance, of deep neural networks bears resemblance with some of the before-mentioned examples. Quantum mechanical extensions are also of interest. In exact or approximate manner, the evolution of these systems can be expressed in terms of a dynamical mean-field theory that not only captures many of their peculiar effects but also has predictive power. This short review presents a summary of recent developments of this approach with emphasis on applications on the examples mentioned above.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
{"title":"Recent Applications of Dynamical Mean-Field Methods","authors":"Leticia F. Cugliandolo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-022848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-022848","url":null,"abstract":"Rich out-of-equilibrium collective dynamics of strongly interacting large assemblies emerge in many areas of science. Some intriguing and not fully understood examples are the glassy arrest in atomic, molecular, or colloidal systems; flocking in natural or artificial active matter; and the organization and subsistence of ecosystems. The learning process, and ensuing amazing performance, of deep neural networks bears resemblance with some of the before-mentioned examples. Quantum mechanical extensions are also of interest. In exact or approximate manner, the evolution of these systems can be expressed in terms of a dynamical mean-field theory that not only captures many of their peculiar effects but also has predictive power. This short review presents a summary of recent developments of this approach with emphasis on applications on the examples mentioned above.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138293765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-094430
Stephen M. Hayden, John M. Tranquada
High-temperature superconductivity, with transition temperatures up to ≈134 K at ambient pressure, occurs in layered cuprate compounds. The conducting CuO2 planes, which are universally present, are responsible for the superconductivity but also show a disposition to other competing states including spin and charge order. Charge-density-wave (CDW) order appears to be a universal property of cuprate superconductors. It has been studied via a multitude of probes including X-ray and neutron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning probe techniques, electronic transport, and quantum oscillations. Here, we review the microscopic properties of the CDW order. We discuss the nature of the ordered state, that is, its symmetry and microscopic structure. Furthermore, we show how the CDW order is related to quenched disorder, host structure, symmetry breaking perturbations, and magnetic fields. We also describe measurements of dynamic collective charge excitations that are closely related to the quasi-static CDW order. Finally, we highlight some of the debated issues in the field, including the origin of the CDW order, the relationship to spin order, and the nature of the spatial CDW correlations.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
{"title":"Charge Correlations in Cuprate Superconductors","authors":"Stephen M. Hayden, John M. Tranquada","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-094430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-094430","url":null,"abstract":"High-temperature superconductivity, with transition temperatures up to ≈134 K at ambient pressure, occurs in layered cuprate compounds. The conducting CuO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> planes, which are universally present, are responsible for the superconductivity but also show a disposition to other competing states including spin and charge order. Charge-density-wave (CDW) order appears to be a universal property of cuprate superconductors. It has been studied via a multitude of probes including X-ray and neutron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning probe techniques, electronic transport, and quantum oscillations. Here, we review the microscopic properties of the CDW order. We discuss the nature of the ordered state, that is, its symmetry and microscopic structure. Furthermore, we show how the CDW order is related to quenched disorder, host structure, symmetry breaking perturbations, and magnetic fields. We also describe measurements of dynamic collective charge excitations that are closely related to the quasi-static CDW order. Finally, we highlight some of the debated issues in the field, including the origin of the CDW order, the relationship to spin order, and the nature of the spatial CDW correlations.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":"26 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138293764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetoelectric multiferroics, which display both ferroelectric and magnetic orders, are appealing because of their rich fundamental physics and promising technological applications. The revival of multiferroics since 2003 led to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that facilitate the coexistence of electric and magnetic orders and conceptually new design strategies for device architectures, which brought us an important step closer to multiferroic-based technology. In the past thirty years, first-principles calculations based on the laws of quantum mechanics played a crucial role in understanding the electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of multiferroics and guided the design of new multiferroics with improved properties. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of first-principles approaches to magnetoelectric multiferroics, especially in low-dimensional forms. In particular, we discuss methods to build an effective Hamiltonian from first principles for magnets, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics. The recently developed machine learning potential approach for multiferroics is also outlined. Furthermore, we present the unified model for spin-induced ferroelectricity and methods for computing the linear magnetoelectric coupling tensor. Finally, recent progress in multiferroic systems and the applications of first-principles approaches to these systems are reviewed.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
{"title":"First-Principles Approaches to Magnetoelectric Multiferroics","authors":"Changsong Xu, Hongyu Yu, Junling Wang, Hongjun Xiang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-102353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-102353","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetoelectric multiferroics, which display both ferroelectric and magnetic orders, are appealing because of their rich fundamental physics and promising technological applications. The revival of multiferroics since 2003 led to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that facilitate the coexistence of electric and magnetic orders and conceptually new design strategies for device architectures, which brought us an important step closer to multiferroic-based technology. In the past thirty years, first-principles calculations based on the laws of quantum mechanics played a crucial role in understanding the electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of multiferroics and guided the design of new multiferroics with improved properties. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of first-principles approaches to magnetoelectric multiferroics, especially in low-dimensional forms. In particular, we discuss methods to build an effective Hamiltonian from first principles for magnets, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics. The recently developed machine learning potential approach for multiferroics is also outlined. Furthermore, we present the unified model for spin-induced ferroelectricity and methods for computing the linear magnetoelectric coupling tensor. Finally, recent progress in multiferroic systems and the applications of first-principles approaches to these systems are reviewed.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":"45 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109126769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032822-041146
Yu Jun Tan, Gianmarco Mengaldo, Cecilia Laschi
Underwater soft robots are typically constructed from soft and flexible materials, which enable them to adapt to aquatic environments where the terrain can be complex. They are often inspired by soft-bodied aquatic animals and can be used for a range of tasks, such as underwater exploration, environmental monitoring, and rescue operations. However, the design of these robots presents significant challenges, as it requires soft materials and systems that can withstand the harsh and varied conditions of ocean environments. This review delves into the physics of soft materials and outlines the constitutive models for such materials. Through an exploration of the muscle structures in aquatic creatures like octopuses and stingrays, we highlight the interplay between the materials that make up artificial muscles and how these muscles interact with their external surroundings. Finally, we conclude by outlining unresolved challenges and providing potential avenues for future research.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
{"title":"Artificial Muscles for Underwater Soft Robots: Materials and Their Interactions","authors":"Yu Jun Tan, Gianmarco Mengaldo, Cecilia Laschi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032822-041146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032822-041146","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater soft robots are typically constructed from soft and flexible materials, which enable them to adapt to aquatic environments where the terrain can be complex. They are often inspired by soft-bodied aquatic animals and can be used for a range of tasks, such as underwater exploration, environmental monitoring, and rescue operations. However, the design of these robots presents significant challenges, as it requires soft materials and systems that can withstand the harsh and varied conditions of ocean environments. This review delves into the physics of soft materials and outlines the constitutive models for such materials. Through an exploration of the muscle structures in aquatic creatures like octopuses and stingrays, we highlight the interplay between the materials that make up artificial muscles and how these muscles interact with their external surroundings. Finally, we conclude by outlining unresolved challenges and providing potential avenues for future research.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":"54 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71509820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032822-033734
Naoto Nagaosa, Youichi Yanase
In noncentrosymmetric materials, the responses (for example, electrical and optical) generally depend on the direction of the external stimuli, called nonreciprocal phenomena. In quantum materials, these nonreciprocal responses are governed by the quantum geometric properties and symmetries of the electronic states. In particular, spatial inversion ( P) and time-reversal ( T) symmetries play crucial roles, which are also relevant to the geometric Berry phase. Here, we give a comprehensive review on the nonreciprocal transport and optical responses including ( a) the magnetochiral anisotropy, i.e., the nonlinear resistivity with respect to the electric field, in semiconductors and metals, ( b) the nonreciprocal transport in superconductors such as the nonreciprocal paraconductivity and the superconducting diode effect in bulk and Josephson junctions, and ( c) the second-order nonlinear optical effects in the electric field of light, including the geometric shift current in nonmagnetic systems, magnetic systems, and superconductors. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
{"title":"Nonreciprocal Transport and Optical Phenomena in Quantum Materials","authors":"Naoto Nagaosa, Youichi Yanase","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032822-033734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032822-033734","url":null,"abstract":"In noncentrosymmetric materials, the responses (for example, electrical and optical) generally depend on the direction of the external stimuli, called nonreciprocal phenomena. In quantum materials, these nonreciprocal responses are governed by the quantum geometric properties and symmetries of the electronic states. In particular, spatial inversion ( P) and time-reversal ( T) symmetries play crucial roles, which are also relevant to the geometric Berry phase. Here, we give a comprehensive review on the nonreciprocal transport and optical responses including ( a) the magnetochiral anisotropy, i.e., the nonlinear resistivity with respect to the electric field, in semiconductors and metals, ( b) the nonreciprocal transport in superconductors such as the nonreciprocal paraconductivity and the superconducting diode effect in bulk and Josephson junctions, and ( c) the second-order nonlinear optical effects in the electric field of light, including the geometric shift current in nonmagnetic systems, magnetic systems, and superconductors. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-114143
Hidetoshi Fukuyama
The thermal Green's function formalism bridging between macroscopic observables and microscopic processes via linear response theory was established in the early 1960s, when I started my research career. I recall stimulating experiences with the help of this technique in exploring transport and thermodynamic properties of Bloch electrons in magnetic fields, especially orbital magnetism and the Hall effect, and this technique is useful for understanding narrow gap systems like Dirac and Weyl electrons, which are of current interest. Recent ongoing challenges on thermoelectricity based on the Kubo–Luttinger formula are briefly introduced; it is an important scientific issue in view of sustainable development goals that awaits contributions from condensed matter physics, where the thermal Green's function is again a powerful tool. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
{"title":"“More Is Different” and Sustainable Development Goals: Thermoelectricity","authors":"Hidetoshi Fukuyama","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-114143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-032922-114143","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal Green's function formalism bridging between macroscopic observables and microscopic processes via linear response theory was established in the early 1960s, when I started my research career. I recall stimulating experiences with the help of this technique in exploring transport and thermodynamic properties of Bloch electrons in magnetic fields, especially orbital magnetism and the Hall effect, and this technique is useful for understanding narrow gap systems like Dirac and Weyl electrons, which are of current interest. Recent ongoing challenges on thermoelectricity based on the Kubo–Luttinger formula are briefly introduced; it is an important scientific issue in view of sustainable development goals that awaits contributions from condensed matter physics, where the thermal Green's function is again a powerful tool. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 15 is March 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136016109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-125850
D. Langevin
Soft matter is a field of condensed matter physics that began to develop in France in the 1970s under the impulse of Pierre-Gilles de Gennes. I had the chance to participate in this adventure, and I describe in this article some of the memorable events. Soft matter is not only linked to physics but also to chemistry and biology, and working in this multidisciplinary field is quite stimulating. My particular expertise deals with liquid surfaces, an area that considerably expanded with the advent of miniaturization, i.e., when surfaces begin to matter. I was able to benefit from the French and European network systems, as well as from many interactions with young students and industrial partners. I show how these favorable conditions contributed to successes in my research.
{"title":"An Adventure into the World of Soft Matter","authors":"D. Langevin","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-125850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-125850","url":null,"abstract":"Soft matter is a field of condensed matter physics that began to develop in France in the 1970s under the impulse of Pierre-Gilles de Gennes. I had the chance to participate in this adventure, and I describe in this article some of the memorable events. Soft matter is not only linked to physics but also to chemistry and biology, and working in this multidisciplinary field is quite stimulating. My particular expertise deals with liquid surfaces, an area that considerably expanded with the advent of miniaturization, i.e., when surfaces begin to matter. I was able to benefit from the French and European network systems, as well as from many interactions with young students and industrial partners. I show how these favorable conditions contributed to successes in my research.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45169707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-115729
Helmut Schiessel
DNA molecules with a total length of two meters contain the genetic information in every cell in our body. To control access to the genes, to organize its spatial structure in the nucleus, and to duplicate and faithfully separate the genetic material, the cell makes use of sophisticated physical mechanisms. Base pair sequences multiplex various layers of information, chromatin remodelers mobilize nucleosomes via twist defects, loop extruders create a system of nonconcatenated rings to spatially organize chromatin, and biomolecular condensates concentrate proteins and nucleic acids in specialized membraneless compartments. In this review, we discuss the current state of understanding of some of these mechanisms that influence the organization of the genetic material in space and time.
{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Organization of Chromatin at Small and Large Scales","authors":"Helmut Schiessel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-115729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-115729","url":null,"abstract":"DNA molecules with a total length of two meters contain the genetic information in every cell in our body. To control access to the genes, to organize its spatial structure in the nucleus, and to duplicate and faithfully separate the genetic material, the cell makes use of sophisticated physical mechanisms. Base pair sequences multiplex various layers of information, chromatin remodelers mobilize nucleosomes via twist defects, loop extruders create a system of nonconcatenated rings to spatially organize chromatin, and biomolecular condensates concentrate proteins and nucleic acids in specialized membraneless compartments. In this review, we discuss the current state of understanding of some of these mechanisms that influence the organization of the genetic material in space and time.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136096162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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