Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.18.1.47872.19-29
Sutopo Hadi, Nova Tri Irianti, Noviany Noviany
Dua buah senyawa organotimah(IV) yaitu berupa senyawa trifeniltimah(IV) 4-nitrobenzoat (2) dan difeniltimah(IV) di-4-nitrobenzoat (4) telah berhasil disintesis melalui reaksi antara senyawa trifeniltimah(IV) hidroksida (1) dan difeniltimah(IV) oksida (3) dengan ligan asam 4-nitrobenzoat (HNBA). Senyawa hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan spektrofotomer IR, spektrofotomer UV, spektrometer NMR dan microelemental analyzer untuk melihat kemurnian senyawa. Aktivitas biologis senyawa turunan organtotimah(IV) 4-nitrobenzoat telah diuji terhadap bakteri Gram positif Staphylococcus aureus dan Gram negatif Escherichia coli. Hasil uji dengan metode difusi agar menunjukkan senyawa 2 pada konsentrasi 200 ppm (3,87 × 10-4 M) memberikan penghambatan yang lebih efektif dibandingkan senyawa 4, senyawa awal 1 dan 3 serta ligan HNBA.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity Test of Organotin(IV) 4-nitrobenzoate. Two organotin(IV) compounds, namely triphenyltin(IV) 4-nitrobenzoate (2) and diphenyltin(IV) di-4-nitrobenzoate (4) compounds have been successfully synthesized through a reaction between triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide (1) and diphenyltin(IV) oxide (3) with 4-nitrobenzoic acid (HNBA) The synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, UV, NMR spectrometer, and a microelemental analyzer to check the compound purity. The biological activity of the organotin(IV) 4-nitrobenzoate derivative was tested against Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli. The test results with the agar diffusion method showed that compound 2 at a concentration of 200 ppm (3.87 x 10-4 M) provide more effective inhibition than compound 4, the starting materials 1 and 3, andthe ligand HNBA.
{"title":"Sintesis, Karakterisasi, dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Senyawa Organotimah(IV) 4-Nitrobenzoat","authors":"Sutopo Hadi, Nova Tri Irianti, Noviany Noviany","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.1.47872.19-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.1.47872.19-29","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dua buah senyawa organotimah(IV) yaitu berupa senyawa trifeniltimah(IV) 4-nitrobenzoat (<strong>2</strong>) dan difeniltimah(IV) di-4-nitrobenzoat (<strong>4</strong>) telah berhasil disintesis melalui reaksi antara senyawa trifeniltimah(IV) hidroksida (<strong>1</strong>) dan difeniltimah(IV) oksida (<strong>3</strong>) dengan ligan asam 4-nitrobenzoat (HNBA). Senyawa hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan spektrofotomer IR, spektrofotomer UV, spektrometer NMR dan <em>microelemental analyzer</em> untuk melihat kemurnian senyawa<em>. </em>Aktivitas biologis senyawa turunan organtotimah(IV) 4-nitrobenzoat telah diuji terhadap bakteri Gram positif <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> dan Gram negatif <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Hasil uji dengan metode difusi agar menunjukkan senyawa <strong>2</strong> pada konsentrasi 200 ppm (3,87 × 10<sup>-4 </sup>M) memberikan penghambatan yang lebih efektif dibandingkan senyawa <strong>4, </strong>senyawa awal<strong> 1 </strong>dan<strong> 3 </strong>serta ligan HNBA.</p><p><strong>Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity Test of Organotin(IV) 4-nitrobenzoate.</strong> Two organotin(IV) compounds, namely triphenyltin(IV) 4-nitrobenzoate (<strong>2</strong>) and diphenyltin(IV) di-4-nitrobenzoate (<strong>4</strong>) compounds have been successfully synthesized through a reaction between triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide (<strong>1</strong>) and diphenyltin(IV) oxide (<strong>3</strong>) with 4-nitrobenzoic acid (HNBA) The synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, UV, NMR spectrometer, and a microelemental analyzer to check the compound purity. The biological activity of the organotin(IV) 4-nitrobenzoate derivative was tested against Gram-positive bacteria <em>S. aureus</em> and Gram-negative bacteria <em>E. coli</em>. The test results with the agar diffusion method showed that compound <strong>2</strong> at a concentration of 200 ppm (3.87 x 10<sup>-4</sup> M) provide more effective inhibition than compound <strong>4</strong>, the starting materials<strong> 1 </strong>and<strong> 3</strong>, and<strong> </strong>the ligand HNBA.</p>","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83711485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.18.1.52188.70-79
T. M. Fakih, F. Jannati, Annisa Meilani, Dwi Syah Fitra Ramadhan, Fitrianti Darusman
COVID-19 merupakan penyakit yang penularannya human to human yang pertama kali ditemukan di China (Kota Wuhan). Tanaman bidara arab mengandung banyak metabolit sekunder yang bermanfaat, hasil fraksinasi dari buah bidara memiliki aktivitas sebagai antivirus yang signifikan terhadap virus herpes simpleks tipe 1. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui afinitas dan interaksi antara senyawa uji Zizyphine dengan reseptor 3CLpro secara in silico. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi aktivitas biologis menggunakan PASS prediction dan sifat fisikokimia pada senyawa uji Zizyphine menggunakan webserver Swiss-ADME. Senyawa uji Zizyphine dioptimasi secara geometris menggunakan software Quantum ESPRESSO versi 6.6. Konformasi senyawa uji Zizyphine terbaik dilanjutkan ke tahap simulasi docking terhadap reseptor 3CLpro yang telah dipisahkan dengan ligan alaminya dan telah divalidasi menggunakan software MGL Tools versi 1.5.6 yang telah dilengkapi dengan Autodock Tools versi 4.2. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa uji Zizyphine C memiliki afinitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan senyawa Zizyphine A, Zizyphine F, dan Zizyphine I dengan nilai energi bebas ikatan sebesar -9,32 kcal/mol dan konstanta inhibisi 146,89 nM, sehingga senyawa Zizyphine C berpotensi sebagai agen terapi COVID-19 yang bekerja terhadap reseptor 3CLpro. Selanjutnya dari hasil analisis aktivitas biologis, keseluruhan senyawa analog Zizyphine menunjukkan potensi sebagai antivirus. Akan tetapi dari prediksi ADME, senyawa-senyawa tersebut tidak menunjukkan profil yang baik sebagai obat oral.In Silico Study of Zizyphine Analog Compound Activity of Christ's Thorn Jujube (Zizyphus spina-christi) as SARS-CoV-2 Antivirus against 3CLpro Receptors. COVID-19 is a disease with human-to-human transmission that was first discovered in China (Wuhan City). The arabian bidara plant (Christ's Thorn Jujube) contains many useful secondary metabolites, fractionated from bidara fruit has significant antivirus activity against herpes simplex virus type 1. The purpose of this study was to determine the affinity and interaction between the Zizyphine test compound and the 3CLpro receptor through in silico. In this study, the identification of biological activity using PASS prediction and physicochemical properties of Zizyphine test compounds using the Swiss-ADME webserver. The Zizyphine test compound was optimized for geometry using Quantum ESPRESSO version 6.6 software. The conformation of the best Zizyphine test compound was continued to the docking simulation stage for the 3CLpro receptor which has been separated from its natural ligand and has been validated using MGL Tools version 1.5.6 with Autodock Tools version 4.2 software. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the test compound Zizyphine C has a better affinity than Zizyphine A, Zizyphine F, and Zizyphine I with a binding free energy value of -9.32 kcal/mol and inhibition constant of 146.89 nM. Therefor
{"title":"Studi In Silico Aktivitas Analog Senyawa Zizyphine dari Bidara Arab (Zizyphus spina-christi) sebagai Antivirus SARS-CoV-2 terhadap Reseptor 3CLpro","authors":"T. M. Fakih, F. Jannati, Annisa Meilani, Dwi Syah Fitra Ramadhan, Fitrianti Darusman","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.1.52188.70-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.1.52188.70-79","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 merupakan penyakit yang penularannya human to human yang pertama kali ditemukan di China (Kota Wuhan). Tanaman bidara arab mengandung banyak metabolit sekunder yang bermanfaat, hasil fraksinasi dari buah bidara memiliki aktivitas sebagai antivirus yang signifikan terhadap virus herpes simpleks tipe 1. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui afinitas dan interaksi antara senyawa uji Zizyphine dengan reseptor 3CLpro secara in silico. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi aktivitas biologis menggunakan PASS prediction dan sifat fisikokimia pada senyawa uji Zizyphine menggunakan webserver Swiss-ADME. Senyawa uji Zizyphine dioptimasi secara geometris menggunakan software Quantum ESPRESSO versi 6.6. Konformasi senyawa uji Zizyphine terbaik dilanjutkan ke tahap simulasi docking terhadap reseptor 3CLpro yang telah dipisahkan dengan ligan alaminya dan telah divalidasi menggunakan software MGL Tools versi 1.5.6 yang telah dilengkapi dengan Autodock Tools versi 4.2. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa uji Zizyphine C memiliki afinitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan senyawa Zizyphine A, Zizyphine F, dan Zizyphine I dengan nilai energi bebas ikatan sebesar -9,32 kcal/mol dan konstanta inhibisi 146,89 nM, sehingga senyawa Zizyphine C berpotensi sebagai agen terapi COVID-19 yang bekerja terhadap reseptor 3CLpro. Selanjutnya dari hasil analisis aktivitas biologis, keseluruhan senyawa analog Zizyphine menunjukkan potensi sebagai antivirus. Akan tetapi dari prediksi ADME, senyawa-senyawa tersebut tidak menunjukkan profil yang baik sebagai obat oral.In Silico Study of Zizyphine Analog Compound Activity of Christ's Thorn Jujube (Zizyphus spina-christi) as SARS-CoV-2 Antivirus against 3CLpro Receptors. COVID-19 is a disease with human-to-human transmission that was first discovered in China (Wuhan City). The arabian bidara plant (Christ's Thorn Jujube) contains many useful secondary metabolites, fractionated from bidara fruit has significant antivirus activity against herpes simplex virus type 1. The purpose of this study was to determine the affinity and interaction between the Zizyphine test compound and the 3CLpro receptor through in silico. In this study, the identification of biological activity using PASS prediction and physicochemical properties of Zizyphine test compounds using the Swiss-ADME webserver. The Zizyphine test compound was optimized for geometry using Quantum ESPRESSO version 6.6 software. The conformation of the best Zizyphine test compound was continued to the docking simulation stage for the 3CLpro receptor which has been separated from its natural ligand and has been validated using MGL Tools version 1.5.6 with Autodock Tools version 4.2 software. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the test compound Zizyphine C has a better affinity than Zizyphine A, Zizyphine F, and Zizyphine I with a binding free energy value of -9.32 kcal/mol and inhibition constant of 146.89 nM. Therefor","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88147723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.18.1.50935.58-69
Arum Mawar Wati, F. W. Mahatmanti, Jumaeri Jumaeri, A. Prasetya
Metilen biru (MB) merupakan pewarna kationik yang paling sering digunakan sebagai zat warna, hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan masalah lingkungan perairan dan bersifat toksik. Abu layang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai adsorben karena memiliki sifat ramah lingkungan dan kelimpahannya sebagai limbah yang perlu dimanfaatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik abu layang dan mengetahui kondisi optimum proses adsorpsi MB oleh abu layang yang diaktivasi. Abu layang diaktivasi secara kimia dengan NaOH dan secara fisika menggunakan gelombang mikro (AMW) dan aktivasi hidrotermal dengan bantuan gelombang mikro (AHMW). Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, adsorben AMW dan AHMW memiliki gugus fungsi yaitu gugus O‒H pada pita 3435 cm-1 dan 3435,16 cm-1, gugus T‒O‒T (T=Si atau Al) pada pita 10039,20 cm-1 dan 1007,82 cm-1, dan gugus O‒Si‒O atau Al‒O‒Al pada pita 772,5 cm-1 dan 720,62 cm-1. Hasil difraktogram sinar-X menunjukkan puncak yang khas yaitu Quartz (SiO2) pada 2θ 16° dan 21° dan Mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO2) 33° dan 40° pada kedua adsorben. AMW memiliki luas permukaan sebesar 37,87 m2/g dan AHMW sebesar 53,76 m2/g dengan SAA. Kedua adsorben terklasifikasi sebagai material mesopori dengan ukuran diameter pori 2,32 nm dan 19,10 nm. Adsorpsi MB oleh AMW optimum pada pH 9 selama 90 menit, AHMWoptimum pada pH 9 selama 120 menit dengan konsentrasi awal optimum 200 mg/L pada keduanya. Hasil kinetika adsorpsi metilen biru menggunakan AMW dan AHMW mengikuti pola kinetika pseudo orde dua Ho dan McKay dengan nilai k2 masing-masing sebesar 0,0429 dan 0,0116 g mg-1 min‑1. Kapasitas adsorpsi MB menggunakan abu layang tanpa aktivasi sebesar 3,59 mg/g, sedangkan kapasitas adsorpsi MB menggunakan AMW dan AHMW mengikuti pola isoterm Langmuir berturut-turut sebesar 37,87 dan 53,76 mg/g.Methylene Blue Adsorption by Activated Coal Fly Ash Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Process. Methylene blue (MB) is a cationic dye that is most often used as a dye, that can cause aquatic environmental problems and is toxic. Fly ash can be used as an adsorbent because of its environmentally friendly properties and its abundance as waste that needs to be utilized. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of fly ash and to determine the optimum conditions for the MB adsorption process by activated fly ash. Fly ash is activated chemically with NaOH and physically using microwaves (AMW) and hydrothermal activation with the help of microwaves (AHMW). The results of characterization using FTIR, two adsorbents have functional groups, namely O‒H groups in the 3435 cm-1 and 3435.16 cm-1 bands, T‒O‒T groups (T=Si or Al) in the 10039.20 cm-1 and 1007.82 cm-1, and O‒Si‒O or Al‒O‒Al groups in the bands 772.5 cm-1 and 720.62 cm-1. The results of the X-ray diffractogram showed typical peaks, namely Quartz (SiO2) at 2θ 16° and 21° and Mullite (3Al2O3. 2SiO2) 33° and 40° on both adsorbents. AMW has a surface area of 37.87 m2/g and AHMW is 53.76 m2/g with SAA. Both ad
蓝色甲烷(MB)是最常用的染料，它会引起水性和毒性环境问题。风筝可以作为一个调味品，因为它具有绿色的特性和它的资源作为一个需要使用的废物。本研究的目的是确定风筝灰色的特性，并确定被激活的风筝灰所吸收的MB条件。简单灰是由NaOH化学激活的，物理上使用微波(AMW)和热液激活在微波(AHMW)的帮助下。FTIR、adsorben AMW和AHMW在100335 cm-1和3435,16 cm-1、100.20 cm1和1007.82 cm1中T - O - T，以及772.5 cm1和72020cm1中O - Si - O - r中。结果difraktogram x光片显示典型的山峰石英(二氧化硅)θ2日16°21°和Mullite (3Al2O3。2SiO2)两个adsorben的33°,40°。AMW的表面积为37.87平方/g, AHMW为53.76平方/g。adsorben被归类为中间体材料，直径为2.32 nm，直径为19.10 nm。在pH 9上的最佳AMW上的MB在90分钟内的停留，在pH 9上的AHMWoptimum在120分钟内的最佳浓度为200 mg/L。蓝色的动力学结果蛋白酶metilen使用AMW和AHMW动力学模式伪每人两麦凯Ho和k2的价值秩序0.0429万欧元和0.0116 g mg-1 min‑1。MB的adsorpsi容量为3.59 mg/g，而MB的adsorpsi容量为AMW和AHMW，连续37.87和53.76 mg/g等亚军模式。使用微残留水热处理法。蓝色甲基碱(MB)是一种耗时最多的染色，这可能导致水藻问题和有毒。飞灰可以作为一个附属品使用，因为它的环境友好属性和它的abundance浪费了它的需要。这项研究的目的是确定飞灰的性格特征，并确定飞灰对MB的最佳适应方案。飞行灰是一种化学物质，在微波的帮助下，用微波激活微波和水温活动。FTIR中使用characterization的结果是，两位管理人员在3435 cm-1和3435 - 16 cm1乐队中有n - O - O - groups，在10039.20 cm1和1007.1《x光diffractogram results那里典型的顶峰,namely石英(二氧化硅)at 2θ16°21°和Mullite (3Al2O3。2SiO2)在两者adsorbents 33°,40°。AMW有一个海拔33.87平方/g和AHMW是53.76平方/g的表面。两者都是机密的中层材料，配以2。32 nm和19。10 nm。AMW中对MB的最佳建议是在pH 9 90分钟内，AHMW在pH 9 120分钟内处于最佳状态，同时保持200毫克/L的最佳集中。这种亚甲基蓝导引动力学的结果是，使用AMW和AHMW遵循pseudo第二阶动能模式，分别是Ho和麦凯的0.0429和0.0116 g- mg-1min-1。在没有活动性的情况下，MB在没有活动性的情况下飞行灰是3.59 mg/g，而在AMW和AHMW的adr级则是对33.87和53.76 mg/g的尊重，这些mg/g与Langmuir isotherm的优势。
{"title":"Adsorpsi Metilen Biru oleh Abu Layang Batu Bara yang Teraktivasi Menggunakan Proses Hidrotermal dengan Bantuan Gelombang Mikro","authors":"Arum Mawar Wati, F. W. Mahatmanti, Jumaeri Jumaeri, A. Prasetya","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.1.50935.58-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.1.50935.58-69","url":null,"abstract":"Metilen biru (MB) merupakan pewarna kationik yang paling sering digunakan sebagai zat warna, hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan masalah lingkungan perairan dan bersifat toksik. Abu layang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai adsorben karena memiliki sifat ramah lingkungan dan kelimpahannya sebagai limbah yang perlu dimanfaatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik abu layang dan mengetahui kondisi optimum proses adsorpsi MB oleh abu layang yang diaktivasi. Abu layang diaktivasi secara kimia dengan NaOH dan secara fisika menggunakan gelombang mikro (AMW) dan aktivasi hidrotermal dengan bantuan gelombang mikro (AHMW). Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, adsorben AMW dan AHMW memiliki gugus fungsi yaitu gugus O‒H pada pita 3435 cm-1 dan 3435,16 cm-1, gugus T‒O‒T (T=Si atau Al) pada pita 10039,20 cm-1 dan 1007,82 cm-1, dan gugus O‒Si‒O atau Al‒O‒Al pada pita 772,5 cm-1 dan 720,62 cm-1. Hasil difraktogram sinar-X menunjukkan puncak yang khas yaitu Quartz (SiO2) pada 2θ 16° dan 21° dan Mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO2) 33° dan 40° pada kedua adsorben. AMW memiliki luas permukaan sebesar 37,87 m2/g dan AHMW sebesar 53,76 m2/g dengan SAA. Kedua adsorben terklasifikasi sebagai material mesopori dengan ukuran diameter pori 2,32 nm dan 19,10 nm. Adsorpsi MB oleh AMW optimum pada pH 9 selama 90 menit, AHMWoptimum pada pH 9 selama 120 menit dengan konsentrasi awal optimum 200 mg/L pada keduanya. Hasil kinetika adsorpsi metilen biru menggunakan AMW dan AHMW mengikuti pola kinetika pseudo orde dua Ho dan McKay dengan nilai k2 masing-masing sebesar 0,0429 dan 0,0116 g mg-1 min‑1. Kapasitas adsorpsi MB menggunakan abu layang tanpa aktivasi sebesar 3,59 mg/g, sedangkan kapasitas adsorpsi MB menggunakan AMW dan AHMW mengikuti pola isoterm Langmuir berturut-turut sebesar 37,87 dan 53,76 mg/g.Methylene Blue Adsorption by Activated Coal Fly Ash Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Process. Methylene blue (MB) is a cationic dye that is most often used as a dye, that can cause aquatic environmental problems and is toxic. Fly ash can be used as an adsorbent because of its environmentally friendly properties and its abundance as waste that needs to be utilized. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of fly ash and to determine the optimum conditions for the MB adsorption process by activated fly ash. Fly ash is activated chemically with NaOH and physically using microwaves (AMW) and hydrothermal activation with the help of microwaves (AHMW). The results of characterization using FTIR, two adsorbents have functional groups, namely O‒H groups in the 3435 cm-1 and 3435.16 cm-1 bands, T‒O‒T groups (T=Si or Al) in the 10039.20 cm-1 and 1007.82 cm-1, and O‒Si‒O or Al‒O‒Al groups in the bands 772.5 cm-1 and 720.62 cm-1. The results of the X-ray diffractogram showed typical peaks, namely Quartz (SiO2) at 2θ 16° and 21° and Mullite (3Al2O3. 2SiO2) 33° and 40° on both adsorbents. AMW has a surface area of 37.87 m2/g and AHMW is 53.76 m2/g with SAA. Both ad","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73467297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.18.1.45356.1-9
Agung Abadi Kiswandono, Sonny Widiarto, Dessy Tiara Elvia Nita Sari, R. Supriyanto, H. I. Qudus, R. Rinawati, Anisah Rahmawati, Wahyu Devariani
Salah satu komponen yang bertanggung jawab terhadap pemisahan pada metode Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) adalah senyawa pembawa. Senyawa pembawa pada pemisahan fenol sangat diperlukan dalam rangka ikut menyelamatkan lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini menyintesis senyawa pembawa, yaitu kopoli-eugenol divinil benzena (co-EDVB) 10%. Senyawa ini merupakan hasil sintesis antara eugenol dan divinil benzena dengan teknik polimerisasi menggunakan katalis triflourodietil eter (BF3O(C2H5)2). Senyawa pembawa selanjutnya dipakai sebagai salah satu komponen pembentuk membran PIM. Membran PIM yang terbentuk kemudian diaplikasikan untuk uji pemisahan fenol pada limbah buatan, yaitu limbah yang dibuat dengan mencampurkan fenol, logam Pb(II) dan Cu(II). Senyawa hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), sedangkan membran PIM sebelum dan setelah transpor fenol dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa senyawa co-EDVB 10% telah berhasil disintesis, ditandai dengan hilangnya serapan spektra IR gugus vinil pada bilangan gelombang 995,27 cm-1 dan serapan gugus alil pada bilangan gelombang 1636,5 cm-1. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa transpor fenol menggunakan membran PIM dipengaruhi oleh kehadiran logam berat. Persentase transpor fenol pada kontrol didapatkan sebesar 48,8%, sedangkan pada limbah buatan didapatkan 27,25%. Competition of Phenol in Artificial Waste using Copoly-Eugenol Divinyl Benzene 10% as Carrier Compound. One of the components responsible for the separation in the Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) method is a carrier compound. Carrier compounds in the separation of phenol are very necessary in order to save the aquatic environment. This study synthesized a carrier compound namely copoly-eugenol divinyl benzene (co-EDVB) 10%. This compound was synthesized between eugenol and benzene divinyl with polymerization techniques using the catalyst triflourodietil ether (BF3O(C2H5)2). Furthermore, the carrier compound was used as one of the components of PIM membrane formation. The formed PIM was is applied to test the separation of phenols in artificial waste made by mixing phenols, metal Pb(II), and Cu(II). The synthesized compounds were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), whereas PIM membranes before and after phenol transport were characterised using FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results show that the co-EDVB10% compound was successfully synthesized indicated by the loss of the IR absorption spectra of the vinyl group at a wavenumber of 995.27 cm-1 and the absorption of the allyl group at a wavenumber of 1636.5 cm-1. Moreover, the results show that phenol transport using PIM membranes was influenced by the presence of heavy metals. The percentage of phenol transport in the control was 48.8%, while in the artificial waste was 27.25%.
{"title":"Kompetisi Fenol pada Limbah Buatan Menggunakan Kopoli-Eugenol Divinil Benzena 10% sebagai Senyawa Pembawa","authors":"Agung Abadi Kiswandono, Sonny Widiarto, Dessy Tiara Elvia Nita Sari, R. Supriyanto, H. I. Qudus, R. Rinawati, Anisah Rahmawati, Wahyu Devariani","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.1.45356.1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.1.45356.1-9","url":null,"abstract":"Salah satu komponen yang bertanggung jawab terhadap pemisahan pada metode Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) adalah senyawa pembawa. Senyawa pembawa pada pemisahan fenol sangat diperlukan dalam rangka ikut menyelamatkan lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini menyintesis senyawa pembawa, yaitu kopoli-eugenol divinil benzena (co-EDVB) 10%. Senyawa ini merupakan hasil sintesis antara eugenol dan divinil benzena dengan teknik polimerisasi menggunakan katalis triflourodietil eter (BF3O(C2H5)2). Senyawa pembawa selanjutnya dipakai sebagai salah satu komponen pembentuk membran PIM. Membran PIM yang terbentuk kemudian diaplikasikan untuk uji pemisahan fenol pada limbah buatan, yaitu limbah yang dibuat dengan mencampurkan fenol, logam Pb(II) dan Cu(II). Senyawa hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), sedangkan membran PIM sebelum dan setelah transpor fenol dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa senyawa co-EDVB 10% telah berhasil disintesis, ditandai dengan hilangnya serapan spektra IR gugus vinil pada bilangan gelombang 995,27 cm-1 dan serapan gugus alil pada bilangan gelombang 1636,5 cm-1. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa transpor fenol menggunakan membran PIM dipengaruhi oleh kehadiran logam berat. Persentase transpor fenol pada kontrol didapatkan sebesar 48,8%, sedangkan pada limbah buatan didapatkan 27,25%. Competition of Phenol in Artificial Waste using Copoly-Eugenol Divinyl Benzene 10% as Carrier Compound. One of the components responsible for the separation in the Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) method is a carrier compound. Carrier compounds in the separation of phenol are very necessary in order to save the aquatic environment. This study synthesized a carrier compound namely copoly-eugenol divinyl benzene (co-EDVB) 10%. This compound was synthesized between eugenol and benzene divinyl with polymerization techniques using the catalyst triflourodietil ether (BF3O(C2H5)2). Furthermore, the carrier compound was used as one of the components of PIM membrane formation. The formed PIM was is applied to test the separation of phenols in artificial waste made by mixing phenols, metal Pb(II), and Cu(II). The synthesized compounds were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), whereas PIM membranes before and after phenol transport were characterised using FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results show that the co-EDVB10% compound was successfully synthesized indicated by the loss of the IR absorption spectra of the vinyl group at a wavenumber of 995.27 cm-1 and the absorption of the allyl group at a wavenumber of 1636.5 cm-1. Moreover, the results show that phenol transport using PIM membranes was influenced by the presence of heavy metals. The percentage of phenol transport in the control was 48.8%, while in the artificial waste was 27.25%.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76699568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plak adalah pembentukan komunitas bakteri yang terorganisir pada permukaan gigi yang berupa lapisan tipis tidak berwarna. Pseudomonas aeruginosa adalah salah satu bakteri yang sangat berperan pada pembentukan plak. Metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam tanaman Kalanchoe tomentosa dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Tahapan penelitian diawali dengan maserasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksan dan diklorometana. Ekstrak diklorometana dipisahkan menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Vakum (KCV) dengan n-heksana dan etil asetat sebagai pelarut bergradien selanjutnya direkristalisasi dengan n-heksan, hasil rekristalisasi didapatkan isolat 1. Isolat 1 dikarakterisasi dengan spektroskopi infra-red (IR), ultraviolet (UV) dan nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen (1H NMR) serta dibandingkan dengan literatur. Isolat 1 diketahui merupakan stigmast-5-en-3ꞵ-ol atau ꞵ-sitosterol. Pada ekstrak diklorometana dan senyawa ꞵ-sitosterol kemudian ditentukan aktivitas antibakteri secara mikrodilusi didapatkan hasil bahwa ekstrak diklorometana dan senyawa ꞵ-sitosterol bukan hanya menunjukan sifat bakteriostatik tetapi juga bakterisid kuat terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosadengan nilai Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) <100 µg/mL.Steroid Compounds from Cocor Bebek (Kalanchoe tomentosa) as Antibacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Plaque is a thin, colorless layer that adheres tightly to the surface of the teeth and contains a collection of bacteria. One of the bacteria that can form dental plaque is Porphyromonas aeruginosa. Kalanchoe tomentosa contain secondary metabolite which can be used as antibacterial. Stages of the study begin with maceration using n-hexane and dichloromethane. Dichloromethane extract was separated using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (KCV) using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents and then recrystallized with n-hexane, the recrystallization results were obtained by isolate 1. Isolate 1 was marked by IR spectroscopy, and 1HNMR and compared with literature. Isolate 1 is known as stigmast-5-en-3ꞵ-ol or ꞵ-sitosterol. In dichloromethane extracts and ꞵ-sitosterol is determined by microdilution by microdilution. The results showed that dichloromethane extract and ꞵ-sitosterol compound not only showed strong bacteriostatic but also bacterisid activity against P. aeruginosa with Minimum Inhibiroty Concentration (MIC) <100 μg / mL.
{"title":"Senyawa Steroid dari Cocor Bebek (Kalanchoe tomentosa) sebagai Antibakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Risyandi Anwar, L. Aisyah, Faridia Puspita Lestari, Delia Ilfani, Yenny Febriani Yun, Pebrian Diki Prestya","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.17.2.51285.202-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.17.2.51285.202-210","url":null,"abstract":"Plak adalah pembentukan komunitas bakteri yang terorganisir pada permukaan gigi yang berupa lapisan tipis tidak berwarna. Pseudomonas aeruginosa adalah salah satu bakteri yang sangat berperan pada pembentukan plak. Metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam tanaman Kalanchoe tomentosa dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Tahapan penelitian diawali dengan maserasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksan dan diklorometana. Ekstrak diklorometana dipisahkan menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Vakum (KCV) dengan n-heksana dan etil asetat sebagai pelarut bergradien selanjutnya direkristalisasi dengan n-heksan, hasil rekristalisasi didapatkan isolat 1. Isolat 1 dikarakterisasi dengan spektroskopi infra-red (IR), ultraviolet (UV) dan nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen (1H NMR) serta dibandingkan dengan literatur. Isolat 1 diketahui merupakan stigmast-5-en-3ꞵ-ol atau ꞵ-sitosterol. Pada ekstrak diklorometana dan senyawa ꞵ-sitosterol kemudian ditentukan aktivitas antibakteri secara mikrodilusi didapatkan hasil bahwa ekstrak diklorometana dan senyawa ꞵ-sitosterol bukan hanya menunjukan sifat bakteriostatik tetapi juga bakterisid kuat terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosadengan nilai Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) <100 µg/mL.Steroid Compounds from Cocor Bebek (Kalanchoe tomentosa) as Antibacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Plaque is a thin, colorless layer that adheres tightly to the surface of the teeth and contains a collection of bacteria. One of the bacteria that can form dental plaque is Porphyromonas aeruginosa. Kalanchoe tomentosa contain secondary metabolite which can be used as antibacterial. Stages of the study begin with maceration using n-hexane and dichloromethane. Dichloromethane extract was separated using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (KCV) using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents and then recrystallized with n-hexane, the recrystallization results were obtained by isolate 1. Isolate 1 was marked by IR spectroscopy, and 1HNMR and compared with literature. Isolate 1 is known as stigmast-5-en-3ꞵ-ol or ꞵ-sitosterol. In dichloromethane extracts and ꞵ-sitosterol is determined by microdilution by microdilution. The results showed that dichloromethane extract and ꞵ-sitosterol compound not only showed strong bacteriostatic but also bacterisid activity against P. aeruginosa with Minimum Inhibiroty Concentration (MIC) <100 μg / mL.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"26 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91418400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artikel ini melaporkan tentang sintesis, karakterisasi dan kinerja membran polyethersulfone (PES) yang dimodifikasi dengan aditif polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan sifat antifouling membran. Membran PES modifikasi dibuat dengan penambahan 0,5% PVP sebagai aditif, menggunakan pelarut dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) dan
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.17.2.48554.211-218
Hasal Maulidianingtiyas, A. Prasetiyo, Fikri Haikal, Indra Nur Cahyo, Vina Nurul Istighfarini, Anto Prasetyo
SrTiO3 adalah material berstruktur perovskit yang dilaporkan berpotensi sebagai material fotokatalis. Penggantian pada sebagian kation-A material fotokatalis berstruktur perovskit dilaporkan dapat menurunkan energi celah pitanya, akan tetapi unsur pengganti juga dilaporkan mempengaruhi morfologi partikel yang terbentuk. Dalam penelitian ini, dikaji pengaruh penggantian kation-A pada SrTiO3(Ba
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.17.2.46136.177-184
Edi Pramono, R. Mustofa, Ozi Adi Saputra, Yulianto Adi Nugroho, Deana Wahyunigrum, C. Radiman, Sayekti Wahyuningsih, Teguh Endah Saraswati, Sentot Budi Rahardjo, W. Lestari, Dian Maruto Widjonarko, Ari Handono Ramelan
Kajian struktur dan degradasi termal pada membran hibrida poliviniliden fluorida (PVDF)/lempung bentonit (BNT) telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan BNT terhadap pembentukan fasa PVDF dan sifat termalnya. Membran hibrida PVDF/lempung BNT dibuat dengan metode inversi fasa. Membran yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi dengan attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), dan differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan membran PVDF/BNT memiliki struktur polimorf PVDF fasa α dan β yang terkonfirmasi dari data FTIR dan XRD. Data DSC menunjukkan penurunan nilai titik leleh (Tm) dengan penambahan BNT, dan dengan rentang suhu pelelehan yang lebih kecil. Kristalisasi PVDF terjadi secara isothermal dan adanya BNT menghasilkan titik kristalisasi (Tc) pada suhu yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan membran PVDF murni. Analisis termal dengan DSC memberikan informasi komprehensif pelelehan dan kristalisasi dari polimorf PVDF pada matriks membran.Effect of Bentonite toward Polymorph Phase Formation and Thermal Properties of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Bentonite Hybrid Membranes. The study of the structure and thermal properties of PVDF/bentonite (BNT) hybrid membranes has been carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of BNT addition on the phase formation and thermal properties of the PVDF. In this study, PVDF/BNT hybrid membranes were prepared through the phase inversion method. The resulting membrane was characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the PVDF/BNT membrane has a PVDF polymorph structure with α and β phases confirmed by FTIR and XRD data. The DSC data showed that the addition of BNT decrease of the melting point (Tm) and with a smaller melting temperature range. PVDF polymorph crystallization occurs isothermally and the presence of BNT produces a crystallization point (Tc) at a higher temperature than pristine PVDF membrane. Thermal analysis with DSC provides comprehensive information on melting and crystallization of PVDF polymorphs in the membrane matrix.
{"title":"Pengaruh Bentonit terhadap Pembentukan Fasa Polimorf dan Sifat Termal Membran Hibrida Poliviniliden Fluorida/Bentonit","authors":"Edi Pramono, R. Mustofa, Ozi Adi Saputra, Yulianto Adi Nugroho, Deana Wahyunigrum, C. Radiman, Sayekti Wahyuningsih, Teguh Endah Saraswati, Sentot Budi Rahardjo, W. Lestari, Dian Maruto Widjonarko, Ari Handono Ramelan","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.17.2.46136.177-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.17.2.46136.177-184","url":null,"abstract":"Kajian struktur dan degradasi termal pada membran hibrida poliviniliden fluorida (PVDF)/lempung bentonit (BNT) telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan BNT terhadap pembentukan fasa PVDF dan sifat termalnya. Membran hibrida PVDF/lempung BNT dibuat dengan metode inversi fasa. Membran yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi dengan attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), dan differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan membran PVDF/BNT memiliki struktur polimorf PVDF fasa α dan β yang terkonfirmasi dari data FTIR dan XRD. Data DSC menunjukkan penurunan nilai titik leleh (Tm) dengan penambahan BNT, dan dengan rentang suhu pelelehan yang lebih kecil. Kristalisasi PVDF terjadi secara isothermal dan adanya BNT menghasilkan titik kristalisasi (Tc) pada suhu yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan membran PVDF murni. Analisis termal dengan DSC memberikan informasi komprehensif pelelehan dan kristalisasi dari polimorf PVDF pada matriks membran.Effect of Bentonite toward Polymorph Phase Formation and Thermal Properties of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Bentonite Hybrid Membranes. The study of the structure and thermal properties of PVDF/bentonite (BNT) hybrid membranes has been carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of BNT addition on the phase formation and thermal properties of the PVDF. In this study, PVDF/BNT hybrid membranes were prepared through the phase inversion method. The resulting membrane was characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the PVDF/BNT membrane has a PVDF polymorph structure with α and β phases confirmed by FTIR and XRD data. The DSC data showed that the addition of BNT decrease of the melting point (Tm) and with a smaller melting temperature range. PVDF polymorph crystallization occurs isothermally and the presence of BNT produces a crystallization point (Tc) at a higher temperature than pristine PVDF membrane. Thermal analysis with DSC provides comprehensive information on melting and crystallization of PVDF polymorphs in the membrane matrix.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84799892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.17.2.51613.192-201
L. Nurliana, L. Kadidae, S. Sunarti, R. Musta
Methyl ester sulfonate derived from mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla K.) oil has been characterized. The research began by synthesizing mahogany methyl ester (ME) in 4 stages: pressing, degumming, esterification, and transesterification. The next process was synthesizing methyl ester sulfonate (MES) also in four stages: sulfonation, bleaching, neutralization, and drying. The reactant for MES synthesis in this study was H2SO4 with a mole ratio of 1:6 and variations in the concentration of H2SO4 (70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90%) as well as variations in the duration of sulfonation (45, 60, 75, 70, and 105 minutes) to determine the characteristics of the synthesized MES including density, acid number, and emulsion stability. The effect of the combination of treatment variations was analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test and the least significant difference (LSD) test. This research showed that MES from mahogany seed oil from a combination of variations in treatment has a density ranging from 0.91 to 0.97 g/mL where the LSD test at α = 0.05 produces three different MES density groups due to variations in the concentration of H2SO4 namely A (70 % and 75%), B (80% and 85%), and C (90%). The resulting MES acid numbers ranged from 4.69 ‒ 17.74 mgKOH/g sample with three different groups of MES acid numbers due to variations in the concentration of H2SO4, namely A (85 and 90%), B (75% and 80%), and C (70%). The stability of mahogany oil-based MES emulsion ranged from 0.000 ‒ 0.975 and two different MES emulsion stability groups were obtained due to variations in the concentration of H2SO4, namely A (80% and 85%) and B (70%, 75%, and 90%). FTIR spectrophotometer showed the presence of S=O groups at wavenumber 1172 cm-1 and S‒O groups at wavenumbers 972.12 cm-1 and 879.54 cm-1 proved that MES was successfully synthesized.
{"title":"Characterization of Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) from Mahagony (Swietenia macrophylla King) with Variations in H2SO4 Concentration and Sulfonation Duration","authors":"L. Nurliana, L. Kadidae, S. Sunarti, R. Musta","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.17.2.51613.192-201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.17.2.51613.192-201","url":null,"abstract":"Methyl ester sulfonate derived from mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla K.) oil has been characterized. The research began by synthesizing mahogany methyl ester (ME) in 4 stages: pressing, degumming, esterification, and transesterification. The next process was synthesizing methyl ester sulfonate (MES) also in four stages: sulfonation, bleaching, neutralization, and drying. The reactant for MES synthesis in this study was H2SO4 with a mole ratio of 1:6 and variations in the concentration of H2SO4 (70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90%) as well as variations in the duration of sulfonation (45, 60, 75, 70, and 105 minutes) to determine the characteristics of the synthesized MES including density, acid number, and emulsion stability. The effect of the combination of treatment variations was analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test and the least significant difference (LSD) test. This research showed that MES from mahogany seed oil from a combination of variations in treatment has a density ranging from 0.91 to 0.97 g/mL where the LSD test at α = 0.05 produces three different MES density groups due to variations in the concentration of H2SO4 namely A (70 % and 75%), B (80% and 85%), and C (90%). The resulting MES acid numbers ranged from 4.69 ‒ 17.74 mgKOH/g sample with three different groups of MES acid numbers due to variations in the concentration of H2SO4, namely A (85 and 90%), B (75% and 80%), and C (70%). The stability of mahogany oil-based MES emulsion ranged from 0.000 ‒ 0.975 and two different MES emulsion stability groups were obtained due to variations in the concentration of H2SO4, namely A (80% and 85%) and B (70%, 75%, and 90%). FTIR spectrophotometer showed the presence of S=O groups at wavenumber 1172 cm-1 and S‒O groups at wavenumbers 972.12 cm-1 and 879.54 cm-1 proved that MES was successfully synthesized.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89397850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.20961/ALCHEMY.17.2.47875.185-191
Annisa Anggitami, Dian Ayu Setyorini, Muhammad Yudhistira Azis, R. S. Rahayu
Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan suatu metode pengukuran Cr(III) menggunakan elektroda pasta karbon (EPK) yang termodifikasi EDTA yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam penentuan efektivitas reduksi limbah Cr(VI) serta penentuan Cr(VI) dalam suatu sampel secara tidak langsung. Metode analisis voltammetri yang dilakukan menggunakan teknik voltammetri siklik, differential pulse voltammetry dan square wave voltammetry. EDTA merupakan ligan polidentat yang dapat mengkelat beberapa logam. Untuk logam kromium, EDTA hanya bisa mengkelat Cr(III). Oleh karena itu, dalam proses pengukurannya dilakukan reduksi Cr(VI) menjadi Cr(III) yang kemudian dapat dianalisis menggunakan EPK yang termodifikasi EDTA. Teknik voltammetri dipilih karena memiliki sensitivitas yang tinggi, limit deteksi yang rendah, dan memiliki daerah linier yang lebar. Hasil penelitian memperoleh bahwa Cr(III) dapat dianalisis dengan EPK termodifikasi EDTA menggunakan teknik voltammetri lucutan. Kondisi optimum pengukuran yang diperoleh adalah menggunakan elektroda dengan komposisi grafit: EDTA 25% berat (w/w), larutan elektrolit NaCl 0,1 M, waktu deposisi 5 detik, dan potensial deposisi 300 mV.
Carbon Paste Electrode Modified by EDTA for Determination of Cr(III) Reduced from Cr(VI) by Using Stripping Voltammetry Method: A Preliminary Study. This study presented a method of measuring Cr(III) using carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified by EDTA, which could be applied in determining Cr(VI) waste indirectly. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that can chelate several metals. For chromium metal, EDTA can only chelate Cr(III). Therefore, a reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was carried out in the measurement process and then analyzed using an EDTA-modified carbon paste ele
{"title":"Analisis Logam Cr(III) Hasil Reduksi Cr(VI) dengan Teknik Voltammetri Lucutan Menggunakan Elektroda Pasta Karbon Termodifikasi EDTA: Studi Pendahuluan","authors":"Annisa Anggitami, Dian Ayu Setyorini, Muhammad Yudhistira Azis, R. S. Rahayu","doi":"10.20961/ALCHEMY.17.2.47875.185-191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/ALCHEMY.17.2.47875.185-191","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 0.35pt; margin-right: -0.1pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan suatu metode pengukuran Cr(III) menggunakan elektroda pasta karbon (EPK) yang termodifikasi EDTA yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam penentuan efektivitas reduksi limbah Cr(VI) serta penentuan Cr(VI) dalam suatu sampel secara tidak langsung. Metode analisis voltammetri yang dilakukan menggunakan teknik voltammetri siklik, <em>differential pulse vol</em><em>tammetry</em> dan <em>square wave voltammetr</em><em>y</em>. EDTA merupakan ligan polidentat yang dapat mengkelat beberapa logam. Untuk logam kromium, EDTA hanya bisa mengkelat Cr(III). Oleh karena itu, dalam proses pengukurannya dilakukan reduksi Cr(VI) menjadi Cr(III) yang kemudian dapat dianalisis menggunakan EPK yang termodifikasi EDTA. Teknik voltammetri dipilih karena memiliki sensitivitas yang tinggi, limit deteksi yang rendah, dan memiliki daerah linier yang lebar. Hasil penelitian memperoleh bahwa Cr(III) dapat dianalisis dengan EPK termodifikasi EDTA menggunakan teknik voltammetri lucutan. Kondisi optimum pengukuran yang diperoleh adalah menggunakan elektroda dengan komposisi grafit: EDTA 25% berat (w/w), larutan elektrolit NaCl 0,1 M, waktu deposisi 5 detik, dan potensial deposisi 300 mV. <strong></strong></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 0.35pt; margin-right: -0.1pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><strong><br /></strong></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: 0.35pt; margin-right: -0.1pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><strong>Carbon Paste Electrode Modified by EDTA for Determination of Cr(III) Reduced from Cr(VI) by Using Stripping Voltammetry Method: A Preliminary Study. </strong>This study presented a method of measuring Cr(III) using carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified by EDTA, which could be applied in determining Cr(VI) waste indirectly. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that can chelate several metals. For chromium metal, EDTA can only chelate Cr(III). Therefore, a reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was carried out in the measurement process and then analyzed using an EDTA-modified carbon paste ele","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84290063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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