Karbon memiliki kemampuan untuk membuat jaringan ikatan hibridisasi sp, sp‒sp2, sp2, sp3, dan sp2‒sp3,sehingga karbon terdapat dalam banyak bentuk alotrop seperti grafit, diamond, graphene, nanofiber, nanofoam, dan nanotube. Carbonnanofoam (CNF) terbentuk dari atom karbon yang terikat secara sp2 dan sp3. CNF memiliki struktur sel terbuka yang saling berhubungan, densitas yang sangat rendah, stabilitas termal yang tinggi, dan porositas yang tinggi. CNFdapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan berbagai metode seperti chemical vapor depositon, laser ablsasi, arc-discharge, dan pirolisis. Sintesis dengan berbagai jenis sumber karbon dan keadaan eksperimen menghasilkan material yang memiliki berbagai ukuran, luas permukaan, dan strukturnya. Struktur CNF terdiri dari dua jenis berdasarkan pola tepi strukturnya yaitu zigzag dan armchair. Hasil karakterisasinya menunjukkan bahwa CNF lebih banyak mengandung karbon dengan hibridisasi sp2 dengan struktur yang berinterkoneksisatu sama lain dan memiliki densitas yang sangat rendah. Selain itu, material ini juga memiliki pori dalam ukuran mesopori dan luas permukaan yang tinggi. Sifat unik yang dimiliki oleh CNFberpotensi diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang seperti filter, superkapasitor, dan energy storage.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanofoam and Its Characteristics. Carbon can create sp, sp‒sp2, sp2, sp3, and sp2‒sp3 hybridized bond networks, which make carbon in many allotropes forms such as graphite, diamond, graphene, nanofiber, nanofoam, and nanotubes. Carbon nanofoam (CNF) is formed by sp2 and sp3 bonded carbon atoms. CNF has an interconnected open-cell structure, very low density, high thermal stability, and high porosity. CNF is obtained using several methods, such as laser ablation, arc-discharge, chemical vapor deposition, and pyrolysis. Synthesis with various types of carbon sources and experimental conditions resulted in materials having various sizes, surface areas, and structures. The structure of CNF consists of two edge pattern types, including zigzag and armchair. The characterization results show that CNF contains more interconnected carbon with sp2 hybridization and has a very low density. In addition, this material also has pores in the mesoporous size and high surface area. The unique properties of CNF provide potential applications in various fields, such as filters, supercapacitors, and energy storage.
碳有能力形成sp, sp——sp2, sp2, sp3和sp2——sp3，因此碳存在于许多不同形式的脱氧核糖核酸、石墨、石墨、石墨、纳米纤维和纳米管。碳纳米foam是由sp2和sp3结合的碳原子组成的。CNF有相互连接的开放细胞结构，密度极低，热稳定性高，舷窗率高。CNF可以使用各种方法获得，如化学汽化器、激光汽化、弧-放电和弧化。用不同种类的碳源和实验环境合成产生不同大小、表面积和结构的材料。CNF结构由两种类型组成，其结构为之之字形和车身。其尸检结果显示，CNF的碳浓度比sp2还要高，组织结构相互连接，密度非常低。此外，这种材料还具有可粒度的多孔和高表面积。CNF拥有的独特属性可能被应用于过滤器、超级电容器和能源存储等领域。碳纳米及其特征合成。碳可以创建sp, sp——sp2, sp2, sp2，和sp2——sp3混合网络，形成许多种类的链式网络中的碳，如石墨、石墨、石墨、石墨、石墨、纳米泡和纳米管。二氧化碳纳米被sp2和sp3分解成碳原子。CNF有一个内部连接的开放细胞结构，密度非常低，高度的热稳定器和高脆性。CNF使用several methods, such as激光消化道，arc-discharge, chemical vapor dexsis。由不同种类的碳资源和实验推荐材料的合成材料有不同的系统、表面面积和结构。CNF的结构包括两个边缘的模式，包括锯齿形和臂座。有证据表明，CNF与sp2混合的碳更有关联，密度非常低。此外，这种材料还在中等大小和高海拔地区被辐射。CNF提供的独特特性潜在应用于不同领域，such as filters、sudivis和energy storage。
{"title":"Sintesis Carbon Nanofoam dan Karakteristiknya","authors":"Nuryah Muchlisha, Dian Maruto Widjonarko, Teguh Endah Saraswati","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.64499.108-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.64499.108-122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Karbon memiliki kemampuan untuk membuat jaringan ikatan hibridisasi sp, sp‒sp<sup>2</sup>, sp<sup>2</sup>, sp<sup>3</sup>, dan sp<sup>2</sup>‒sp<sup>3</sup>,sehingga karbon terdapat dalam banyak bentuk alotrop seperti grafit, <em>diamond</em>, <em>graphene</em>, <em>nanofiber, nanofoam, </em>dan<em> nanotube</em>. <em>Carbon</em> <em>nanofoam</em> (CNF) terbentuk dari atom karbon yang terikat secara sp<sup>2</sup> dan sp<sup>3</sup>. CNF memiliki struktur sel terbuka yang saling berhubungan, densitas yang sangat rendah, stabilitas termal yang tinggi, dan porositas yang tinggi. CNF<em> </em>dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan berbagai metode seperti <em>chemical vapor depositon</em>, laser ablsasi<em>, arc-discharge</em>, dan pirolisis. Sintesis dengan berbagai jenis sumber karbon dan keadaan eksperimen menghasilkan material yang memiliki berbagai ukuran, luas permukaan, dan strukturnya. Struktur CNF terdiri dari dua jenis berdasarkan pola tepi strukturnya yaitu <em>zigzag</em> dan <em>armchair</em>. Hasil karakterisasinya menunjukkan bahwa CNF lebih banyak mengandung karbon dengan hibridisasi sp<sup>2</sup> dengan struktur yang berinterkoneksi<em> </em>satu sama lain dan memiliki densitas yang sangat rendah. Selain itu, material ini juga memiliki pori dalam ukuran mesopori dan luas permukaan yang tinggi. Sifat unik yang dimiliki oleh CNF<em> </em>berpotensi diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang seperti filter, superkapasitor, dan <em>energy storage</em>. </p><p><strong>Synthesis of Carbon Nanofoam and Its Characteristics. </strong>Carbon can create sp, sp‒sp<sup>2</sup>, sp<sup>2</sup>, sp<sup>3</sup>, and sp<sup>2</sup>‒sp<sup>3</sup> hybridized bond networks, which make carbon in many allotropes forms such as graphite, diamond, graphene, nanofiber, nanofoam, and nanotubes. Carbon nanofoam (CNF) is formed by sp<sup>2</sup> and sp<sup>3</sup> bonded carbon atoms. CNF has an interconnected open-cell structure, very low density, high thermal stability, and high porosity. CNF is obtained using several methods, such as laser ablation, arc-discharge, chemical vapor deposition, and pyrolysis. Synthesis with various types of carbon sources and experimental conditions resulted in materials having various sizes, surface areas, and structures. The structure of CNF consists of two edge pattern types, including zigzag and armchair. The characterization results show that CNF contains more interconnected carbon with sp<sup>2</sup> hybridization and has a very low density. In addition, this material also has pores in the mesoporous size and high surface area. The unique properties of CNF provide potential applications in various fields, such as filters, supercapacitors, and energy storage.<strong></strong></p>","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84654373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.19.1.59676.68-85
Rahmadina Putri, Mega Safithri, Husnawati Husnawati, Rini Kurniasih
Alzheimer adalah salah satu penyakit neurodegeneratif kronis dan menjadi penyakit yang sering dialami oleh orang lanjut usia. Perubahan yang terjadi dari penyakit Alzheimer, yakni penurunan fungsi kognitif, memori, dan perubahan perilaku secara permanen. Senyawa aktif pada daun sirih merah memiliki kesamaan kandungan dengan daun sirih hijau untuk menghambat butirilkolinesterase (BChE). Butirilkolinesterase adalah salah satu enzim yang berperan dalam penanganan penyakit Alzheimer dikaitkan dengan terbentuknya Alzheimer, yakni hipotesis kolinergik. Penelitian dilakukan menguji daya inhibisi senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam daun sirih merah terhadap aktivitas butirilkolinesterase melalui pendekatan simulasi penambatan molekuler. Penelitian menggunakan dua metode, yakni penggabungan penapisan virtual dan penambatan molekuler sebagai tahapan awal pengembangan daun sirih merah terhadap aktivitas penghambatan butirilkolinesterase. Hasil dalam penelitian diperoleh, daya inhibisi terbaik ditemukan pada 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptazacycloicosane sebesar 0,4888 µM dan energi bebas pengikatan sebesar -8,6 kkal∙mol-1. Residu yang berperan dalam menghambat butirilkolinesterase, yakni pada pengikatan substrat oleh ligan uji, yakni Tyr-332 dan Trp-82. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber referensi dalam menemukan alternatif pengobatan penyakit Alzheimer. Molecular Docking of the Active Compound of Red Betel (Piper crocatum) on Butyrylcholinesterase as an Antialzheimer's Candidate. Alzheimer's is a chronic neurodegenerative disease often experienced by the elderly. Changes that occur from Alzheimer's disease such as permanent decline in cognitive function, memory, and behavioral changes. The active compounds in red betel leaves have similar contents with green betel leaves to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Butyrylcholinesterase is an enzyme that may play an important role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease associated with the formation of Alzheimer's, the cholinergic hypothesis. The study tested the inhibition power of the active compounds contained in red betel leaves against the activity of butyrylcholinesterase through a molecular docking simulation approach. The method in the study used the merger of virtual screening and molecular docking as the initial stage for the development of red betel leaves against the inhibitory activity of butyrylcholinesterase. The result in the study found the best inhibitiron power was found at 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptazacycloicosane of 0.4888 µM and binding free energy of -8.6 kkal∙mol-1. The residues that play a role in the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase on substrate binding by test ligands were Tyr-332 and Trp-82. The research result can be used as a reference in finding alternative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
阿尔茨海默氏症是一种慢性神经退行性疾病，是老年人最常见的疾病之一。阿尔茨海默氏症的变化，即认知、记忆和行为的永久丧失。红槟榔叶中活跃的化合物与绿槟榔叶的含量相似，可以抑制白藜芦醇(BChE)。利氏菌酶是治疗阿尔茨海默氏症的一种酶，与早发性假设的形成有关。研究进行了测试，通过分子增强模拟方法测试红槟榔叶中含有的活性化合物抑制力。研究使用两种方法，即将虚氧和分子凝乳结合起来，作为红槟榔叶发育的第一步。对照研究中,结果发现,最好的抑制能力的大小1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptazacycloicosane 0.4888µM和无约束力的能源相当于-8,6 kkal∙mol-1。残留物的作用是抑制颗粒碱质酶，也就是332和82的次级联结。本研究可作为替代治疗老年痴呆症的参考资料。美国抗阿尔茨海默氏症候选人候选人的红皮区分子对接。阿尔茨海默氏症是一种由老年人试验的慢性退行性疾病。阿尔茨海默氏症的症状就像认知功能、记忆和行为改变的永久性脱氧核糖核酸。红色上皮细胞中活跃的化合物与绿色上皮细胞对乙酰胆碱酶(BChE)的影响类似。但胆碱酶是一种酶，可以在阿尔茨海默氏症的治疗中扮演重要的角色。研究测试了被涂在红色上皮细胞中的活性化合物的抑制作用，使其在分子模拟中不受抑制。研究中的方法利用了红伯特利发展的虚拟筛选和分子的结合，从而抵消了乙酰胆碱酶酶酶的抑制作用。境论点study at best inhibitiron电源是找到1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptazacycloicosane》找到了0。4888µM》和公关印象深刻(free energy。6 kkal∙mol-1。通过ligands测试在枕部抑制中发挥作用的残留是332和Trp-82。研究论点可以成为过去美国参考》找到另类treatments阿尔茨海默氏症的疾病。
{"title":"Penambatan Molekuler Senyawa Aktif Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) pada Butirilkolinesterase sebagai Kandidat Antialzheimer","authors":"Rahmadina Putri, Mega Safithri, Husnawati Husnawati, Rini Kurniasih","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.59676.68-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.59676.68-85","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer adalah salah satu penyakit neurodegeneratif kronis dan menjadi penyakit yang sering dialami oleh orang lanjut usia. Perubahan yang terjadi dari penyakit Alzheimer, yakni penurunan fungsi kognitif, memori, dan perubahan perilaku secara permanen. Senyawa aktif pada daun sirih merah memiliki kesamaan kandungan dengan daun sirih hijau untuk menghambat butirilkolinesterase (BChE). Butirilkolinesterase adalah salah satu enzim yang berperan dalam penanganan penyakit Alzheimer dikaitkan dengan terbentuknya Alzheimer, yakni hipotesis kolinergik. Penelitian dilakukan menguji daya inhibisi senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam daun sirih merah terhadap aktivitas butirilkolinesterase melalui pendekatan simulasi penambatan molekuler. Penelitian menggunakan dua metode, yakni penggabungan penapisan virtual dan penambatan molekuler sebagai tahapan awal pengembangan daun sirih merah terhadap aktivitas penghambatan butirilkolinesterase. Hasil dalam penelitian diperoleh, daya inhibisi terbaik ditemukan pada 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptazacycloicosane sebesar 0,4888 µM dan energi bebas pengikatan sebesar -8,6 kkal∙mol-1. Residu yang berperan dalam menghambat butirilkolinesterase, yakni pada pengikatan substrat oleh ligan uji, yakni Tyr-332 dan Trp-82. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber referensi dalam menemukan alternatif pengobatan penyakit Alzheimer. Molecular Docking of the Active Compound of Red Betel (Piper crocatum) on Butyrylcholinesterase as an Antialzheimer's Candidate. Alzheimer's is a chronic neurodegenerative disease often experienced by the elderly. Changes that occur from Alzheimer's disease such as permanent decline in cognitive function, memory, and behavioral changes. The active compounds in red betel leaves have similar contents with green betel leaves to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Butyrylcholinesterase is an enzyme that may play an important role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease associated with the formation of Alzheimer's, the cholinergic hypothesis. The study tested the inhibition power of the active compounds contained in red betel leaves against the activity of butyrylcholinesterase through a molecular docking simulation approach. The method in the study used the merger of virtual screening and molecular docking as the initial stage for the development of red betel leaves against the inhibitory activity of butyrylcholinesterase. The result in the study found the best inhibitiron power was found at 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptazacycloicosane of 0.4888 µM and binding free energy of -8.6 kkal∙mol-1. The residues that play a role in the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase on substrate binding by test ligands were Tyr-332 and Trp-82. The research result can be used as a reference in finding alternative treatments for Alzheimer's disease. ","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87660792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.19.1.59359.53-60
Nancy Willian, Hilfi Pardi, Syukri Arief
Nanopartikel perak menampilkan sifat fisik dan biologis yang unik yang telah menarik minat penelitian karena aplikasi yang menjanjikan. Pada penelitian ini, proses fabrikasi nanopartikel perak(AgNPs) dilakukan dengan metode green sintesis menggunakan tanaman mangrove dengan pelarut air. Ekstrak buah mangrove Rhizophora stylosa (RS) pertama kali digunakan sebagai reduktor dan stabilizer dalam sintesis AgNPs. Karakteristik AgNPs ditentukan dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD dan TEM. Analisis spektrum UV-vis menunjukkan panjang gelombang pada 430 ‒ 445 nm. Studi FTIR mengungkapkan adanya senyawa fitokimia aktif yang bertindak sebagai zat penutup dan penstabil nanopartikel. TEM menunjukkan morfologi AgNPs yang ditemukan berbentuk bola dengan ukuran diamter sekitar 10 ‒ 60 nm. Pola XRD menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel AgNPs yang diperoleh memiliki struktur face-center cubic (fcc) yang menegaskan bahwa nanopartikel bersifat padatan kristalin dengan ukuran kristal 38 ‒ 77 nm. Studi ini membuktikan kemampuan biomaterial dalam sintesis AgNPs dengan mengadopsi prinsip sintesis hijau.Fabrication and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract of Mangrove Fruit of Rhizophora stylosa. Silver nanoparticles display unique physical and biological properties that have attracted research interest because of their promising applications. In this research, silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) fabrication process was carried out via green synthesis methods using mangrove plants and water as a solvent. Mangrove fruit extract Rhizophora stylosa (RS) was first used as a reducing agent and stabilizer in the synthesis of AgNPs. The characteristics of AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and TEM spectrophotometers. UV-vis spectrum analysis showed a peak at 430 ‒ 445 nm. FT-IR studies revealed the presence of active phytochemical compounds which act as coating agents and stabilizers for nanoparticles. TEM showed that the morphology of AgNPs was spherical with a diameter size of 10 ‒ 60 nm. The XRD patterns showed that all of the AgNPs sample obtained had a face-center cubic (fcc) structure, indicating that the nanoparticles are crystalline solids with a crystallite size of 38 ‒ 77 nm. This study proves the ability of biomaterials in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by adopting the principle of green synthesis.
{"title":"Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Perak Menggunakan Ekstrak Buah Mangrove Rhizophora stylosa","authors":"Nancy Willian, Hilfi Pardi, Syukri Arief","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.59359.53-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.59359.53-60","url":null,"abstract":"Nanopartikel perak menampilkan sifat fisik dan biologis yang unik yang telah menarik minat penelitian karena aplikasi yang menjanjikan. Pada penelitian ini, proses fabrikasi nanopartikel perak(AgNPs) dilakukan dengan metode green sintesis menggunakan tanaman mangrove dengan pelarut air. Ekstrak buah mangrove Rhizophora stylosa (RS) pertama kali digunakan sebagai reduktor dan stabilizer dalam sintesis AgNPs. Karakteristik AgNPs ditentukan dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD dan TEM. Analisis spektrum UV-vis menunjukkan panjang gelombang pada 430 ‒ 445 nm. Studi FTIR mengungkapkan adanya senyawa fitokimia aktif yang bertindak sebagai zat penutup dan penstabil nanopartikel. TEM menunjukkan morfologi AgNPs yang ditemukan berbentuk bola dengan ukuran diamter sekitar 10 ‒ 60 nm. Pola XRD menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel AgNPs yang diperoleh memiliki struktur face-center cubic (fcc) yang menegaskan bahwa nanopartikel bersifat padatan kristalin dengan ukuran kristal 38 ‒ 77 nm. Studi ini membuktikan kemampuan biomaterial dalam sintesis AgNPs dengan mengadopsi prinsip sintesis hijau.Fabrication and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract of Mangrove Fruit of Rhizophora stylosa. Silver nanoparticles display unique physical and biological properties that have attracted research interest because of their promising applications. In this research, silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) fabrication process was carried out via green synthesis methods using mangrove plants and water as a solvent. Mangrove fruit extract Rhizophora stylosa (RS) was first used as a reducing agent and stabilizer in the synthesis of AgNPs. The characteristics of AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and TEM spectrophotometers. UV-vis spectrum analysis showed a peak at 430 ‒ 445 nm. FT-IR studies revealed the presence of active phytochemical compounds which act as coating agents and stabilizers for nanoparticles. TEM showed that the morphology of AgNPs was spherical with a diameter size of 10 ‒ 60 nm. The XRD patterns showed that all of the AgNPs sample obtained had a face-center cubic (fcc) structure, indicating that the nanoparticles are crystalline solids with a crystallite size of 38 ‒ 77 nm. This study proves the ability of biomaterials in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by adopting the principle of green synthesis.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84894518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.19.1.67401.61-67
N. Choironi, S. Sunarto, Esti Dyah Utami, M. S. Fareza
The essential oil can inhibit pathogenic bacterial activities, which can be developed to be a natural preservative for food. This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oils from five species Syzygium on Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium. The research results show that five Syzygium sp. Essential oils have moderate antibacterial properties with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 250 ‒ 500 μg/mL. S. polyanthum essential oils have the highest antibacterial activity than the rest species on B. cereus at 250 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the essential oil of S. polycephalum also showed the highest antibacterial activity with a MIC value of 250 μg/mL against L. monocytogenes. The chemical component analysis using GC-MS shows the main constituents farnesol, nerolidol, and n-decanal, presenting the antibacterial effect.
{"title":"GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Five Syzygium Species Leaves","authors":"N. Choironi, S. Sunarto, Esti Dyah Utami, M. S. Fareza","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.67401.61-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.67401.61-67","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"Abstract\">The essential oil can inhibit pathogenic bacterial activities, which can be developed to be a natural preservative for food. This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oils from five species Syzygium on <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>,<em> Staphylococcus aureus,</em> and <em>Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium</em>. The research results show that five <em>Syzygium sp.</em> Essential oils have moderate antibacterial properties with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 250 ‒ 500 μg/mL<em>. S. polyanthum</em> essential oils have the highest antibacterial activity than the rest species on <em>B. cereus</em> at 250 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the essential oil of <em>S. polycephalum</em> also showed the highest antibacterial activity with a MIC value of 250 μg/mL against <em>L. monocytogenes</em>. The chemical component analysis using GC-MS shows the main constituents farnesol, nerolidol, and n-decanal, presenting the antibacterial effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84554489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.19.1.56392.86-93
Abu Masykur, Gaby Aprilia, Anggun Duwi Hapsari, Atmanto Heru Wibowo, Candra Purnawan, S. Hastuti, P. Pranoto, Tri Martini
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi kitosan dan digunakan sebagai sensor ion logam Cu(II). Modifikasi dilakukan dengan penaut silang kitosan menggunakan tripolifosfat dan dibentuk menjadi membran. Membran yang dihasilkan dianalisis dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), dan Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). Hasil analisis menunjukkan keberhasilan sintesis membran kitosan/tripolifosfat (CTS/TPP). Membran CTS/TPP dapat mendeteksi ion logam Cu(II) ditandai adanya perubahan warna membran dari bening menjadi biru. Keberhasilan deteksi ion logam Cu(II) oleh membran dikonfirmasi oleh pengujian UV-Vis, FTIR dan SEM-EDX. Pengujian spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada membran setelah dikontakkan dengan ion logam Cu(II) menunjukkan terjadinya pergeseran panjang gelombang maksimum akibat interaksi yang terjadi antara membran dengan ion logam Cu(II). Pada penentuan kondisi optimum pH, membran CTS/TPP optimum bekerja pada pH 7 dalam waktu 15 menit. Pada rentang konsentrasi ion Cu(II) 1‒10 ppm, nilai koefisien korelasi (R2) untuk membran CTS/TPP diperoleh sebesar 0,9917.Modification of Tripolyphosphate Cross-Linked Chitosan Membrane for Cu(II) Ion Sensor. This study aims to modify chitosan and use it as a sensor for Cu(II) metal ions. The modification was carried out by cross-linking chitosan using tripolyphosphate and forming it into a membrane. The resulting membranes were analyzed by UV-Vis, FTIR spectrophotometer, and SEM-EDX. The analysis results show the successful synthesis of the chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CTS/TPP) membrane. The CTS/TPP membrane can detect Cu(II) metal ions, as indicated by a change in the color of the membrane from clear to blue. The successful detection of Cu(II) metal ions by the membrane was confirmed by UV-Vis, FTIR spectrophotometer, and SEM-EDX. UV-Vis spectrophotometer testing on the membrane after contact with Cu(II) metal ions showed that the maximum wavelength was shifted due to the interaction that occurred between the membrane and Cu(II) metal ions. In the determination of the optimum pH condition, the CTS/TPP membrane optimally works at pH 7 for 15 minutes. In the Cu(II) concentration range of 1‒10 ppm, the correlation coefficient (R2) value for the CTS/TPP membrane was 0.9917.
本研究旨在修改kitosan，并用作铜离子金属离子传感器(II)。通过交叉penaut kitosan修改使用tripolifosfat和成膜。由此产生的膜是用UV-Vis光谱仪、傅立叶红外移位仪和扫描电子微扫描微波x射线(semn - edx)来分析的。分析结果显示，二聚磷酸盐膜(CTS/TPP)合成成功。离子膜CTS - TPP可以探测到金属Cu (II)指出,膜的颜色变化从透明变成蓝色。UV-Vis、FTIR和semal - edx测试证实了对铜离子(II)的膜检测的成功。在与Cu(II)金属离子连接后，对细胞膜上的uv - vixmi光谱仪的测试表明，膜与铜离子(II)相互作用后，最大波长变化的结果。在测定条件下最佳最佳pH值,CTS - TPP的薄膜在15分钟内pH值7。在昂铜浓度范围(II) 1 - 10 ppm中，CTS/TPP膜的相关性系数(R2)为0.9917分。Modification of Tripolyphosphate Cross-Linked Chitosan的主唱为Cu (II)离子传感器。这个研究aims to修改chitosan和用它美国为Cu (II)金属ions传感器。用tripolyphosphate modification是carried out by cross-linking chitosan和它打算组建进a的主唱。The resulting membranes是analyzed由UV-Vis, FTIR spectrophotometer,和SEM-EDX。分析results秀《chitosan成功一个综合体。TPP - tripolyphosphate (CTS)的主唱。《CTS - TPP的主唱可以检测金属Cu (II)美国ions, indicated by a change in[》的主唱从清晰到蓝色。金属Cu (II)成功detection》主唱是确认由UV-Vis偏ions, FTIR spectrophotometer,和SEM-EDX。UV-Vis spectrophotometer测试》的主唱和金属Cu (II) ions联系人那里之后的那个《maximum》的wavelength是shifted帐款interaction那发生在《之间的主唱和ions的金属Cu (II)。在最佳pH值条件,《决心》CTS - TPP的主唱optimally works at pH值7为15分钟。《Cu (II)的双臀太阳城1—10,相关coefficient杂志》(R2)价值为mtc 9917 CTS - TPP的主唱是0。
{"title":"Modifikasi Membran Kitosan Tertaut Silang Tripolifosfat Untuk Deteksi Ion Cu(II)","authors":"Abu Masykur, Gaby Aprilia, Anggun Duwi Hapsari, Atmanto Heru Wibowo, Candra Purnawan, S. Hastuti, P. Pranoto, Tri Martini","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.56392.86-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.56392.86-93","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi kitosan dan digunakan sebagai sensor ion logam Cu(II). Modifikasi dilakukan dengan penaut silang kitosan menggunakan tripolifosfat dan dibentuk menjadi membran. Membran yang dihasilkan dianalisis dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), dan Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). Hasil analisis menunjukkan keberhasilan sintesis membran kitosan/tripolifosfat (CTS/TPP). Membran CTS/TPP dapat mendeteksi ion logam Cu(II) ditandai adanya perubahan warna membran dari bening menjadi biru. Keberhasilan deteksi ion logam Cu(II) oleh membran dikonfirmasi oleh pengujian UV-Vis, FTIR dan SEM-EDX. Pengujian spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada membran setelah dikontakkan dengan ion logam Cu(II) menunjukkan terjadinya pergeseran panjang gelombang maksimum akibat interaksi yang terjadi antara membran dengan ion logam Cu(II). Pada penentuan kondisi optimum pH, membran CTS/TPP optimum bekerja pada pH 7 dalam waktu 15 menit. Pada rentang konsentrasi ion Cu(II) 1‒10 ppm, nilai koefisien korelasi (R2) untuk membran CTS/TPP diperoleh sebesar 0,9917.Modification of Tripolyphosphate Cross-Linked Chitosan Membrane for Cu(II) Ion Sensor. This study aims to modify chitosan and use it as a sensor for Cu(II) metal ions. The modification was carried out by cross-linking chitosan using tripolyphosphate and forming it into a membrane. The resulting membranes were analyzed by UV-Vis, FTIR spectrophotometer, and SEM-EDX. The analysis results show the successful synthesis of the chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CTS/TPP) membrane. The CTS/TPP membrane can detect Cu(II) metal ions, as indicated by a change in the color of the membrane from clear to blue. The successful detection of Cu(II) metal ions by the membrane was confirmed by UV-Vis, FTIR spectrophotometer, and SEM-EDX. UV-Vis spectrophotometer testing on the membrane after contact with Cu(II) metal ions showed that the maximum wavelength was shifted due to the interaction that occurred between the membrane and Cu(II) metal ions. In the determination of the optimum pH condition, the CTS/TPP membrane optimally works at pH 7 for 15 minutes. In the Cu(II) concentration range of 1‒10 ppm, the correlation coefficient (R2) value for the CTS/TPP membrane was 0.9917.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80135733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.19.1.64737.32-43
Diny Agustini Sandrasari, Nuri Andarwulan, Didah Nur Faridah, Fitriya Nur Annisa Dewi
Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) merupakan tanaman rempah yang sering digunakan untuk pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian tentang senyawa bioaktif jahe merah telah banyak diteliti, namun penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa bioaktif sebagai sumber antioksidan menggunakan pendekatan metabolomik berbasis HPLC belum dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi komponen bioaktif jahe merah sebagai antioksidan dengan pendekatan metabolomik. Profil senyawa kimia dari ekstrak dan fraksi (heksana, kloroform, etil asetat, dan air) dianalisis menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis metabolomik Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure (OPLS). Hasil uji metabolomik OPLS diperoleh fraksi etil asetat sebagai sampel yang paling berkontribusi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Sampel ini kemudian diidentifikasi menggunakan UHPLC-MS/MS dan diketahui bahwa komponen bioaktif atau specific marker pada jahe merah adalah senyawa [6]-gingerol. Kandungan senyawa [6]-gingerol merupakan senyawa yang paling dominan diikuti oleh 8-gingerol dan 10-gingerol dengan nilai masing-masing secara berurutan adalah 88,61±0,52; 23,59±0,41; dan 21,85±0,63 mg/g ekstrak.Identification of Active Components of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) as a Source of Antioxidants with HPLC-Based Metabolomics Approach. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) is a rhizome used as a traditional medicine. Research on red ginger bioactive compounds has been widely studied but research to identify bioactive compound as source of antioxidant using HPLC-based metabolomic approaches has not been carried out. This study aims to identify the active compound of red ginger as an antioxidant with a metabolomic approach. Chemical profiles of the extracts and fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water) were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), followed by Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure (OPLS) metabolomic analysis. The results of the OPLS metabolomic analysis showed that the ethyl acetate fraction is the sample that contributed the most to antioxidant activity. This sample was then identified using UHPLC-MS/MS showing that the bioactive component or specific marker in red ginger was [6]-gingerol. The [6]-gingerol content was the most dominant component, followed by [8]-gingerol and [10]-gingerol with values respectively 88.61±0.52, 23.59±0.41, and 21.85±0.63 mg/g extract.
{"title":"Identifikasi Komponen Aktif Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan dengan Pendekatan Metabolomik Berbasis HPLC","authors":"Diny Agustini Sandrasari, Nuri Andarwulan, Didah Nur Faridah, Fitriya Nur Annisa Dewi","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.64737.32-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.64737.32-43","url":null,"abstract":"Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) merupakan tanaman rempah yang sering digunakan untuk pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian tentang senyawa bioaktif jahe merah telah banyak diteliti, namun penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa bioaktif sebagai sumber antioksidan menggunakan pendekatan metabolomik berbasis HPLC belum dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi komponen bioaktif jahe merah sebagai antioksidan dengan pendekatan metabolomik. Profil senyawa kimia dari ekstrak dan fraksi (heksana, kloroform, etil asetat, dan air) dianalisis menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis metabolomik Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure (OPLS). Hasil uji metabolomik OPLS diperoleh fraksi etil asetat sebagai sampel yang paling berkontribusi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Sampel ini kemudian diidentifikasi menggunakan UHPLC-MS/MS dan diketahui bahwa komponen bioaktif atau specific marker pada jahe merah adalah senyawa [6]-gingerol. Kandungan senyawa [6]-gingerol merupakan senyawa yang paling dominan diikuti oleh 8-gingerol dan 10-gingerol dengan nilai masing-masing secara berurutan adalah 88,61±0,52; 23,59±0,41; dan 21,85±0,63 mg/g ekstrak.Identification of Active Components of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) as a Source of Antioxidants with HPLC-Based Metabolomics Approach. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) is a rhizome used as a traditional medicine. Research on red ginger bioactive compounds has been widely studied but research to identify bioactive compound as source of antioxidant using HPLC-based metabolomic approaches has not been carried out. This study aims to identify the active compound of red ginger as an antioxidant with a metabolomic approach. Chemical profiles of the extracts and fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water) were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), followed by Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure (OPLS) metabolomic analysis. The results of the OPLS metabolomic analysis showed that the ethyl acetate fraction is the sample that contributed the most to antioxidant activity. This sample was then identified using UHPLC-MS/MS showing that the bioactive component or specific marker in red ginger was [6]-gingerol. The [6]-gingerol content was the most dominant component, followed by [8]-gingerol and [10]-gingerol with values respectively 88.61±0.52, 23.59±0.41, and 21.85±0.63 mg/g extract.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"319 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76285773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.19.1.58439.94-107
Sheila Destiani, Iman Permana Maksum, Y. Hartati
Hiperglikemia merupakan ciri diabetes melitus, sekelompok penyakit metabolik yang disebabkan oleh kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. Hiperglikemia dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jangka panjang, disfungsi, dan kegagalan berbagai organ, terutama jantung, mata, saraf, pembuluh darah, dan ginjal. Oleh karena itu, diagnosis dan pemantauan rutin kadar glukosa darah sangat penting dilakukan. Hemoglobin terglikasi (HbA1c) adalah hemoglobin yang berikatan dengan glukosa dalam darah dan ditetapkan menjadi biomarker hiperglikemia yang dapat mengindikasikan diabetes atau prediabetes. Akan tetapi, pengukuran HbA1c di laboratorium klinis membutuhkan instrumen yang canggih dan mahal, tenaga ahli khusus dan waktu lama. Oleh karena itu, biosensor elektrokimia kemudian mulai dikembangkan untuk mendeteksi kadar HbA1c karena mudah digunakan, hasil cepat, dan harga yang murah. Ulasan ini membahas biosensor elektrokimia untuk mendeteksi HbA1c dan metode imobilisasi bioreseptor.Electrochemical Biosensor for Monitoring Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels in Diabetes Mellitus. Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, a group of metabolic diseases caused by defects in insulin action, insulin secretion, or both. Hyperglycemia can cause long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the heart, blood vessels, eyes, nerves, and kidneys.. Therefore, routine diagnosis and monitoring of blood glucose levels are very important. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is hemoglobin that binds to glucose in the blood and is established as a biomarker of hyperglycemia that may indicate diabetes or prediabetes. However, measurement of HbA1c in the clinical laboratory requires large and expensive instruments, specialized experts, and takes a long time. Therefore, an electrochemical biosensor began to be developed to detect HbA1c levels because it is easy to use and has fast results at lower prices. This review discusses electrochemical biosensors for detecting HbA1c and the immobilization of bioreceptors.
{"title":"Biosensor Elektrokimia untuk Memonitor Level Hemoglobin Terglikasi (HbA1c) pada Penyakit Diabetes Melitus","authors":"Sheila Destiani, Iman Permana Maksum, Y. Hartati","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.58439.94-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.58439.94-107","url":null,"abstract":"Hiperglikemia merupakan ciri diabetes melitus, sekelompok penyakit metabolik yang disebabkan oleh kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. Hiperglikemia dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jangka panjang, disfungsi, dan kegagalan berbagai organ, terutama jantung, mata, saraf, pembuluh darah, dan ginjal. Oleh karena itu, diagnosis dan pemantauan rutin kadar glukosa darah sangat penting dilakukan. Hemoglobin terglikasi (HbA1c) adalah hemoglobin yang berikatan dengan glukosa dalam darah dan ditetapkan menjadi biomarker hiperglikemia yang dapat mengindikasikan diabetes atau prediabetes. Akan tetapi, pengukuran HbA1c di laboratorium klinis membutuhkan instrumen yang canggih dan mahal, tenaga ahli khusus dan waktu lama. Oleh karena itu, biosensor elektrokimia kemudian mulai dikembangkan untuk mendeteksi kadar HbA1c karena mudah digunakan, hasil cepat, dan harga yang murah. Ulasan ini membahas biosensor elektrokimia untuk mendeteksi HbA1c dan metode imobilisasi bioreseptor.Electrochemical Biosensor for Monitoring Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels in Diabetes Mellitus. Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, a group of metabolic diseases caused by defects in insulin action, insulin secretion, or both. Hyperglycemia can cause long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the heart, blood vessels, eyes, nerves, and kidneys.. Therefore, routine diagnosis and monitoring of blood glucose levels are very important. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is hemoglobin that binds to glucose in the blood and is established as a biomarker of hyperglycemia that may indicate diabetes or prediabetes. However, measurement of HbA1c in the clinical laboratory requires large and expensive instruments, specialized experts, and takes a long time. Therefore, an electrochemical biosensor began to be developed to detect HbA1c levels because it is easy to use and has fast results at lower prices. This review discusses electrochemical biosensors for detecting HbA1c and the immobilization of bioreceptors. ","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91439677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.19.1.61169.14-22
Fea Prihapsara, Anif Nur Artanti, Melati Sekar Hasna Hanun, Salsabila Nanda Fatiha, Fadhilla Nur Cahyani, Sholichah Rohmani
Pemanfaatan limbah terbuang dari pengolahan ikan sidat (Anguilla spp.) dapat diekstraksi menjadi minyak yang kaya manfaat. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh yang tinggi dalam minyak ikan sidat bermanfaat untuk kesehatan salah satunya sebagai antihiperlipidemia. Kombinasi dengan ekstrak bahan alam yaitu ekstrak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) diharapkan memiliki efek sinergis sebagai agen antihiperlipidemia. Formulasi kombinasi kedua bahan tersebut dibuat dalam sistem penghantaran obat berbasis lipid-based drug delivery system (LBDDS) yaitu dalam bentuk nanoemulsi dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan minyak tulang ikan sidat, karakteristik formula nanoemulsi minyak tulang ikan sidat-ekstrak daun salam (NME) dan aktivitas antihiperlipidemia formula NME. Minyak tulang ikan sidat mengandung komposisi SAFA (Saturated Fatty Acid) 40,02%, MUFA (Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid) 45,58% dan PUFA (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid) 14,40% yang termasuk asam lemak rantai sedang hingga rantai panjang. Formula NME memenuhi kriteria ukuran partikel nanoemulsi yaitu sebesar 36,45 nm dengan nilai indeks polidispersitas (PI) sebesar 0,199 serta potensial zeta -21,20 mV. Kombinasi NME-Simvastatin paling efektif menurunkan kadar kolesterol total pada mencit (Mus musculus).Nanoemulsion Characterization of Eel Bone Oil with Bay Leaf Extracts and Antihyperlipidemic Activity Test. The utilization of waste from processing eel (Anguilla spp.) can be extracted into beneficial oil. The high content of unsaturated fatty acids in eel fish oil is beneficial for health, such as anti-hyperlipidemia. In combination with extracts of natural ingredients, bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) is expected to have a synergistic effect as an antihyperlipidemic agent. The combination formula of the two ingredients was made in a lipid-based drug delivery system (LBDDS) in the form of a nanoemulsion to increase solubility and bioavailability. This study aimed to analyze the content of eel bone oil, the characteristics of the nanoemulsion formula of bay leaf extract-eel bone oil (NME), and the antihyperlipidemic activity of the NME formula. Eel bone oil contains a composition of SAFA (Saturated Fatty Acid) of 40.02%, MUFA (Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid) of 45.58%, and PUFA (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid) of 14.40%, which includes medium-to long-chain fatty acids. The NME formula has a particle size of 36.45 nm, a polydispersity index (PI) of 0.199, and a zeta potential of -21,2 mV. The combination of NME–Simvastatin is the most effective in influencing changes in lipid profiles.
{"title":"Karakterisasi Nanoemulsi Minyak Tulang Ikan Sidat dengan Ekstrak Daun Salam dan Uji Aktivitas Antihiperlipidemia","authors":"Fea Prihapsara, Anif Nur Artanti, Melati Sekar Hasna Hanun, Salsabila Nanda Fatiha, Fadhilla Nur Cahyani, Sholichah Rohmani","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.61169.14-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.61169.14-22","url":null,"abstract":"Pemanfaatan limbah terbuang dari pengolahan ikan sidat (Anguilla spp.) dapat diekstraksi menjadi minyak yang kaya manfaat. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh yang tinggi dalam minyak ikan sidat bermanfaat untuk kesehatan salah satunya sebagai antihiperlipidemia. Kombinasi dengan ekstrak bahan alam yaitu ekstrak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) diharapkan memiliki efek sinergis sebagai agen antihiperlipidemia. Formulasi kombinasi kedua bahan tersebut dibuat dalam sistem penghantaran obat berbasis lipid-based drug delivery system (LBDDS) yaitu dalam bentuk nanoemulsi dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan minyak tulang ikan sidat, karakteristik formula nanoemulsi minyak tulang ikan sidat-ekstrak daun salam (NME) dan aktivitas antihiperlipidemia formula NME. Minyak tulang ikan sidat mengandung komposisi SAFA (Saturated Fatty Acid) 40,02%, MUFA (Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid) 45,58% dan PUFA (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid) 14,40% yang termasuk asam lemak rantai sedang hingga rantai panjang. Formula NME memenuhi kriteria ukuran partikel nanoemulsi yaitu sebesar 36,45 nm dengan nilai indeks polidispersitas (PI) sebesar 0,199 serta potensial zeta -21,20 mV. Kombinasi NME-Simvastatin paling efektif menurunkan kadar kolesterol total pada mencit (Mus musculus).Nanoemulsion Characterization of Eel Bone Oil with Bay Leaf Extracts and Antihyperlipidemic Activity Test. The utilization of waste from processing eel (Anguilla spp.) can be extracted into beneficial oil. The high content of unsaturated fatty acids in eel fish oil is beneficial for health, such as anti-hyperlipidemia. In combination with extracts of natural ingredients, bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) is expected to have a synergistic effect as an antihyperlipidemic agent. The combination formula of the two ingredients was made in a lipid-based drug delivery system (LBDDS) in the form of a nanoemulsion to increase solubility and bioavailability. This study aimed to analyze the content of eel bone oil, the characteristics of the nanoemulsion formula of bay leaf extract-eel bone oil (NME), and the antihyperlipidemic activity of the NME formula. Eel bone oil contains a composition of SAFA (Saturated Fatty Acid) of 40.02%, MUFA (Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid) of 45.58%, and PUFA (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid) of 14.40%, which includes medium-to long-chain fatty acids. The NME formula has a particle size of 36.45 nm, a polydispersity index (PI) of 0.199, and a zeta potential of -21,2 mV. The combination of NME–Simvastatin is the most effective in influencing changes in lipid profiles. ","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84910242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.19.1.62466.1-13
W. Lestari, Joni Hartono, Dian Wahyu Tri Wulansari, Enri Pramuja, Fauziyah Azhari, T. Kusumaningsih
Pemilihan metode sintesis akan berpengaruh terhadap karakter material yang dihasilkan yang meliputi kristanilitas, morfologi, luas permukaan, maupun kinerja dalam aplikasinya. Pada penelitian ini telah disintesis HKUST-1 secara solvo-hidrotermal dan elektrokimia dalam pelarut EtOH:H2O (1:1 (v/v)) dan diujicobakan sebagai katalis heterogen dalam esterifikasi asam palmitat. Sintesis secara solvo-hidrotermal, berlangsung dalam autoklaf selama 12 jam pada suhu 120 °C. Sementara itu, sintesis HKUST-1 secara elektrokimia digunakan elektroda tembaga, tegangan sel 15 V selama 90 menit dengan bantuan elektrolit TBATFB pada suhu dan tekanan ambien. Uji katalitik reaksi esterifikasi asam palmitat dilakukan dengan metode refluks selama 2 jam. HKUST-1 hasil sintesis menunjukkan kesesuaian puncak dengan pola difraksi standar CCDC 112954. Hasil refinement menunjukkan HKUST-1 yang diperoleh melalui metode solvo-hidrotermal memiliki kemurnian lebih tinggi. Analisis morfologi menggunakan citra SEM menunjukkan HKUST-1 yang disintesis secara solvo-hidrotermal bergeometri oktahedral sempurna dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata 10,28±1,5 μm, sedangkan HKUST-1 yang disintesis secara elektrokimia berbentuk oktahedral cacat (defect) dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata 4,5±1,6 μm. Analisis termal menunjukkan bahwa HKUST-1 hasil sintesis memiliki stabilitas hingga 300 °C. Uji katalitik dalam reaksi esterifikasi asam palmitat dengan etanol dengan keberadaan katalis HKUST-1 (0,6% berat) menunjukkan peningkatan konversi produk dengan konversi yang paling tinggi ditunjukkan pada HKUST-1 yang disintesis dengan metode elektrokimia (mencapai 43,3%).Effect of Solvo-Hydrothermal and Electrochemical Synthesis Methods on the Structural Morphology of HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in Palmitic Acid Esterification Reaction. Selection of synthesis method will influence the materials properties including crystallinity, morphology, surface area, and application performance. In this research HKUST-1 was successfully synthesized under solvo-hydrothermal and electrochemical method, and tested as a heterogeneous catalyst in esterification reactions of palmitic acid. Synthesis under solvo-hydrothermal condition was performed in an autoclave at 120 °C for 12h. In addition, the electrochemical synthesis of HKUST-1 using copper electrodes was performed at 15 V in ambient temperature and pressure, for 90 minutes with TBATFB as an electrolyte. The catalytic test in palmitic acid esterification reaction was carried out by reflux for 2h. The HKUST-1 showed conformity with the standard diffraction pattern CCDC 112954. The refinement results shows that solvothermal product has higher purity. Morphological analysis using SEM imaging showed HKUST-1 obtained from solvo-hydrothermal method possess perfect octahedral geometry with average particle size 10.28±1.58 μm, meanwhile electrochemically-synthesized possess a defect octahedral geometry with average particle size 4.5±1.6 μm. Thermal analysis showed th
选择合成方法将影响产生的材料特性，其中包括基督、形态、表面积和应用程序的性能。本研究采用人工合成HKUST-1溶剂中的热液和电化学:H2O (1:1 (v/v)，并在棕榈酸酯酯中作为异质催化剂进行试验。合成autoklaf中solvo-hidrotermal,持续了12个小时在120°C的高温。与此同时，用电化学合成HKUST-1使用的是铜电极，在环境温度和压力下，用TBATFB电解质TBATFB的帮助下，用15 - V合成了90分钟。在二小时内用反流法进行的致裂化反应测试。HKUST-1合成结果显示，CCDC标准衍射模式112954与峰值匹配。修正结果表明，通过热液溶剂方法获得的HKUST-1纯度更高。形态学分析使用合成的SEM图像显示了HKUST-1 solvo-hidrotermal完美地具有八面体bergeometri平均粒度10.28±1.5μm,而HKUST-1电化学合成的粒子具有八面体形状与大小(defect缺陷)平均4.5±1.6μm。热分析结果表明HKUST-1合成有稳定至300°C。含乙醇和乙醇存在的乙醇的催化作用对乙醇1(0.6%重)的存在表明，用电化学方法(达到43.3%)合成的HKUST-1产品的转化率增加，最高的转化率也增加了。溶化水和电化学合金术就像棕榈酸外化反应中的异型甲骨文。合成的方法会影响材料的特性包括晶体学、形态学、表面面积和应用性能。在这项研究中，hkust 1正在成功地将盐酸和电化学方法结合在溶剂和电化学方法下，并检测为棕榈酸的异型异质催化剂。下一个综合体。solvo-hydrothermal condition was performed in an高压釜在120°C for 12h。另外，HKUST-1使用copper电子的电合成器在环境温度和压力下，在90分钟内对美国电解质进行了检测。棕榈酸递质检测结果显示为2h。HKUST-1与标准衍射模式cdc 112954有不足之处。销售代表表现出更加纯洁。用闪Morphological分析成像那里HKUST-1一起获得来自solvo-hydrothermal方法拥有完美octahedral几何平均粒子大小10 . 28±1。58 .μm, meanwhile electrochemically-synthesized拥有a defect octahedral几何与平均粒子大小4。5±1。6μm。热分析那里那个HKUST-1是稳定取决于300°C。透明质乙醇的音节反应测试与加泰罗伊坦在加泰罗伊坦的表现中已经成功
{"title":"Pengaruh Metode Sintesis secara Solvo-Hidrotermal dan Elektrokimia terhadap Morfologi Struktur HKUST-1 sebagai Katalis Heterogen dalam Reaksi Esterifikasi Asam Palmitat","authors":"W. Lestari, Joni Hartono, Dian Wahyu Tri Wulansari, Enri Pramuja, Fauziyah Azhari, T. Kusumaningsih","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.62466.1-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.62466.1-13","url":null,"abstract":"Pemilihan metode sintesis akan berpengaruh terhadap karakter material yang dihasilkan yang meliputi kristanilitas, morfologi, luas permukaan, maupun kinerja dalam aplikasinya. Pada penelitian ini telah disintesis HKUST-1 secara solvo-hidrotermal dan elektrokimia dalam pelarut EtOH:H2O (1:1 (v/v)) dan diujicobakan sebagai katalis heterogen dalam esterifikasi asam palmitat. Sintesis secara solvo-hidrotermal, berlangsung dalam autoklaf selama 12 jam pada suhu 120 °C. Sementara itu, sintesis HKUST-1 secara elektrokimia digunakan elektroda tembaga, tegangan sel 15 V selama 90 menit dengan bantuan elektrolit TBATFB pada suhu dan tekanan ambien. Uji katalitik reaksi esterifikasi asam palmitat dilakukan dengan metode refluks selama 2 jam. HKUST-1 hasil sintesis menunjukkan kesesuaian puncak dengan pola difraksi standar CCDC 112954. Hasil refinement menunjukkan HKUST-1 yang diperoleh melalui metode solvo-hidrotermal memiliki kemurnian lebih tinggi. Analisis morfologi menggunakan citra SEM menunjukkan HKUST-1 yang disintesis secara solvo-hidrotermal bergeometri oktahedral sempurna dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata 10,28±1,5 μm, sedangkan HKUST-1 yang disintesis secara elektrokimia berbentuk oktahedral cacat (defect) dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata 4,5±1,6 μm. Analisis termal menunjukkan bahwa HKUST-1 hasil sintesis memiliki stabilitas hingga 300 °C. Uji katalitik dalam reaksi esterifikasi asam palmitat dengan etanol dengan keberadaan katalis HKUST-1 (0,6% berat) menunjukkan peningkatan konversi produk dengan konversi yang paling tinggi ditunjukkan pada HKUST-1 yang disintesis dengan metode elektrokimia (mencapai 43,3%).Effect of Solvo-Hydrothermal and Electrochemical Synthesis Methods on the Structural Morphology of HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in Palmitic Acid Esterification Reaction. Selection of synthesis method will influence the materials properties including crystallinity, morphology, surface area, and application performance. In this research HKUST-1 was successfully synthesized under solvo-hydrothermal and electrochemical method, and tested as a heterogeneous catalyst in esterification reactions of palmitic acid. Synthesis under solvo-hydrothermal condition was performed in an autoclave at 120 °C for 12h. In addition, the electrochemical synthesis of HKUST-1 using copper electrodes was performed at 15 V in ambient temperature and pressure, for 90 minutes with TBATFB as an electrolyte. The catalytic test in palmitic acid esterification reaction was carried out by reflux for 2h. The HKUST-1 showed conformity with the standard diffraction pattern CCDC 112954. The refinement results shows that solvothermal product has higher purity. Morphological analysis using SEM imaging showed HKUST-1 obtained from solvo-hydrothermal method possess perfect octahedral geometry with average particle size 10.28±1.58 μm, meanwhile electrochemically-synthesized possess a defect octahedral geometry with average particle size 4.5±1.6 μm. Thermal analysis showed th","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90941096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.19.1.60831.23-31
E. Agustriana, Herly Angga Valentino, N. Rahmani, Nuryati Nuryati, H. Firmanto, R. Rachmayati, Siti Eka Yulianti, I. Nuryana, Yopi Yopi, P. Lisdiyanti
Cacao is attractive for its flavor and taste and its beneficial effects. Therefore, this commodity is promising to be developed as a functional food. Many studies reported the bioactive compounds in cacao beans and their health benefits. However, to attain desirable flavor and taste, the curing process of cacao beans is a common practice, in which fermentation is one of the processes. Despite its significance, fermentation also alters the bioactive components in cacao beans. To develop a functional food rich in bioactive compounds, measuring the bioactive contents of treated and untreated cacao beans is desired. For that reason, in this study, the analysis of total polyphenol, flavonoid, catechin, and epicatechin, as well as the radical scavenging activity of fermented cacao beans, was performed. The study revealed that fermentation negatively affected all parameters. Cacao beans fermentation up to 96 h resulted in the loss of 54% of total polyphenol, 77% of total flavonoid, and 56% of radical scavenging activity. Determination of the flavan-3-ol components, catechin, and epicatechin, revealed that they were reduced as the fermentation occurred.
{"title":"Fermentation Effect of Cacao Beans Originate from Jember on Polyphenol-Flavonoid Content and Radical Scavenging Activity","authors":"E. Agustriana, Herly Angga Valentino, N. Rahmani, Nuryati Nuryati, H. Firmanto, R. Rachmayati, Siti Eka Yulianti, I. Nuryana, Yopi Yopi, P. Lisdiyanti","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.60831.23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.60831.23-31","url":null,"abstract":"Cacao is attractive for its flavor and taste and its beneficial effects. Therefore, this commodity is promising to be developed as a functional food. Many studies reported the bioactive compounds in cacao beans and their health benefits. However, to attain desirable flavor and taste, the curing process of cacao beans is a common practice, in which fermentation is one of the processes. Despite its significance, fermentation also alters the bioactive components in cacao beans. To develop a functional food rich in bioactive compounds, measuring the bioactive contents of treated and untreated cacao beans is desired. For that reason, in this study, the analysis of total polyphenol, flavonoid, catechin, and epicatechin, as well as the radical scavenging activity of fermented cacao beans, was performed. The study revealed that fermentation negatively affected all parameters. Cacao beans fermentation up to 96 h resulted in the loss of 54% of total polyphenol, 77% of total flavonoid, and 56% of radical scavenging activity. Determination of the flavan-3-ol components, catechin, and epicatechin, revealed that they were reduced as the fermentation occurred.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72695023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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