Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics最新文献

英文中文

Novel Disturbance Regimes and Ecological Responses 新的干扰机制和生态响应

IF 11.8 1区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110421-101120

M. Turner, R. Seidl

Many natural disturbances have a strong climate forcing, and concern is rising about how ecosystems will respond to disturbance regimes to which they are not adapted. Novelty can arise either as attributes of the disturbance regime (e.g., frequency, severity, duration) shift beyond their historical ranges of variation or as new disturbance agents not present historically emerge. How much novelty ecological systems can absorb and whether changing disturbance regimes will lead to novel outcomes is determined by the ecological responses of communities, which are also subject to change. Powerful conceptual frameworks exist for anticipating consequences of novel disturbance regimes, but these remain challenging to apply in real-world settings. Nonlinear relationships (e.g., tipping points, feedbacks) are of particular concern because of their disproportionate effects. Future research should quantify the rise of novelty in disturbance regimes and assess the capacity of ecosystems to respond to these changes. Novel disturbance regimes will be potent catalysts for ecological change. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 54 is November 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

许多自然干扰具有强烈的气候强迫作用，人们越来越关注生态系统将如何对它们不适应的干扰制度作出反应。新颖性可能出现在干扰状态的属性(例如，频率，严重程度，持续时间)超出其历史变化范围，或者作为历史上不存在的新干扰因子出现。生态系统能吸收多少新事物，以及变化的干扰制度是否会导致新的结果，取决于群落的生态反应，而群落的生态反应也会发生变化。存在强大的概念框架来预测新干扰制度的后果，但在现实世界中应用这些框架仍然具有挑战性。非线性关系(例如，引爆点，反馈)由于其不成比例的影响而受到特别关注。未来的研究应该量化干扰制度中新颖性的增加，并评估生态系统应对这些变化的能力。新的干扰机制将成为生态变化的有力催化剂。预计《生态、进化和分类学年度评论》第54卷的最终在线出版日期是2023年11月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

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引用次数: 1

Rethinking the Prevalence and Relevance of Chaos in Ecology 重新思考混沌在生态学中的普遍性和相关性

IF 11.8 1区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-111320-052920

S. Munch, T. Rogers, Bethany J. Johnson, Uttam Bhat, C. Tsai

Chaos was proposed in the 1970s as an alternative explanation for apparently noisy fluctuations in population size. Although readily demonstrated in models, the search for chaos in nature proved challenging and led many to conclude that chaos is either rare or nigh impossible to detect. However, in the intervening half-century, it has become clear that ecosystems are replete with the enabling conditions for chaos. Chaos has been repeatedly demonstrated under laboratory conditions and has been found in field data using updated detection methods. Together, these developments indicate that the apparent rarity of chaos was an artifact of data limitations and overreliance on low-dimensional population models. We invite readers to reevaluate the relevance of chaos in ecology, and we suggest that chaos is not as rare or undetectable as previously believed.

混沌在20世纪70年代被提出，作为种群规模明显嘈杂波动的另一种解释。尽管在模型中很容易得到证明，但对自然界混沌的探索被证明是具有挑战性的，并导致许多人得出这样的结论:混沌要么很少，要么几乎不可能被探测到。然而，在这中间的半个世纪里，很明显，生态系统充满了导致混乱的有利条件。混沌已在实验室条件下反复证明，并已在使用最新检测方法的现场数据中发现。总之，这些发展表明，混沌的明显罕见是数据限制和过度依赖低维人口模型的产物。我们邀请读者重新评估混沌在生态学中的相关性，我们认为混沌并不像以前认为的那样罕见或不可检测。

引用次数: 3

The Unusual Value of Long-Term Studies of Individuals: The Example of the Isle of Rum Red Deer Project 个体长期研究的不寻常价值:以朗姆酒马鹿岛项目为例

IF 11.8 1区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012722-024041

J. Pemberton, L. Kruuk, T. Clutton‐Brock

Long-term studies of individuals enable incisive investigations of questions across ecology and evolution. Here, we illustrate this claim by reference to our long-term study of red deer on the Isle of Rum, Scotland. This project has established many of the characteristics of social organization, selection, and population ecology typical of large, polygynous, seasonally breeding mammals, with wider implications for our understanding of sexual selection and the evolution of sex differences, as well as for their population dynamics and population management. As molecular genetic techniques have developed, the project has pivoted to investigate evolutionary genetic questions, also breaking new ground in this field. With ongoing advances in genomics and statistical approaches and the development of increasingly sophisticated ways to assay new phenotypic traits, the questions that long-term studies such as the red deer study can answer become both broader and ever more sophisticated. They also offer powerful means of understanding the effects of ongoing climate change on wild populations.

对个体的长期研究使得对生态学和进化问题的深入研究成为可能。在这里，我们通过对苏格兰朗姆酒岛上马鹿的长期研究来说明这一说法。该项目建立了大型、一夫多妻制、季节性繁殖哺乳动物的社会组织、选择和种群生态的许多特征，对我们理解性选择和性别差异的进化，以及它们的种群动态和种群管理具有更广泛的意义。随着分子遗传技术的发展，该项目已转向研究进化遗传问题，也在该领域开辟了新天地。随着基因组学和统计学方法的不断进步，以及越来越复杂的分析新表型特征的方法的发展，像马鹿研究这样的长期研究可以回答的问题变得既广泛又复杂。它们还为了解持续的气候变化对野生种群的影响提供了有力的手段。

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引用次数: 3

Evolution and Ecology of Parasite Avoidance. 避开寄生虫的进化与生态学》（Evolution and Ecology of Parasite Avoidance）。

IF 11.2 1区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102220-020636

Amanda K Gibson, Caroline R Amoroso

Parasite avoidance is a host defense that reduces the contact rate with parasites. We investigate avoidance as a primary driver of variation among individuals in the risk of parasitism and the evolution of host-parasite interactions. To bridge mechanistic and taxonomic divides, we define and categorize avoidance by its function and position in the sequence of host defenses. We also examine the role of avoidance in limiting epidemics and evaluate evidence for the processes that drive its evolution. Throughout, we highlight important directions to advance our conceptual and theoretical understanding of the role of avoidance in host-parasite interactions. We emphasize the need to test assumptions and quantify the effect of avoidance independent of other defenses. Importantly, many open questions may be most tractable in host systems that have not been the focus of traditional behavioral avoidance research, such as plants and invertebrates.

躲避寄生虫是宿主的一种防御手段，可降低与寄生虫的接触率。我们将回避作为个体间寄生风险差异和宿主-寄生虫相互作用进化的主要驱动因素进行研究。为了弥合机理和分类学上的分歧，我们根据回避在宿主防御序列中的功能和位置对其进行了定义和分类。我们还研究了回避在限制流行病中的作用，并评估了驱动其进化过程的证据。在整个研究过程中，我们强调了推进我们对趋避在宿主-寄生虫相互作用中的作用的概念和理论理解的重要方向。我们强调有必要检验假设并量化回避的效果，使其独立于其他防御措施。重要的是，许多悬而未决的问题在宿主系统中可能最容易解决，而这些宿主系统并不是传统行为回避研究的重点，如植物和无脊椎动物。

引用次数: 0

Local adaptation: Causal agents of selection and adaptive trait divergence. 局部适应：选择和适应特性差异的原因。

IF 11.8 1区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012722-035231

Susana M Wadgymar, Megan L DeMarche, Emily B Josephs, Seema N Sheth, Jill T Anderson

Divergent selection across the landscape can favor the evolution of local adaptation in populations experiencing contrasting conditions. Local adaptation is widely observed in a diversity of taxa, yet we have a surprisingly limited understanding of the mechanisms that give rise to it. For instance, few have experimentally confirmed the biotic and abiotic variables that promote local adaptation, and fewer yet have identified the phenotypic targets of selection that mediate local adaptation. Here, we highlight critical gaps in our understanding of the process of local adaptation and discuss insights emerging from in-depth investigations of the agents of selection that drive local adaptation, the phenotypes they target, and the genetic basis of these phenotypes. We review historical and contemporary methods for assessing local adaptation, explore whether local adaptation manifests differently across life history, and evaluate constraints on local adaptation.

景观中的差异选择有利于经历不同条件的种群的局部适应进化。局部适应在多种分类群中被广泛观察到，但我们对产生局部适应的机制的理解却出奇地有限。例如，很少有人通过实验证实促进局部适应的生物和非生物变量，也很少有人确定介导局部适应的表型选择目标。在这里，我们强调了我们对局部适应过程理解的关键差距，并讨论了对驱动局部适应的选择因子、它们靶向的表型以及这些表型的遗传基础的深入研究所产生的见解。我们回顾了评估当地适应的历史和当代方法，探讨了当地适应在整个生活史中是否表现不同，并评估了当地适应的制约因素。

引用次数: 14

One Health for All: Advancing Human and Ecosystem Health in Cities by Integrating an Environmental Justice Lens 人人享有同一健康:通过整合环境正义视角促进城市人类和生态系统健康

IF 11.8 1区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102220-031745

Maureen H. Murray, Jacqueline Y. Buckley, K. Byers, Kimberly Fake, E. Lehrer, S. Magle, Christopher Stone, H. Tuten, Christopher J Schell

We are facing interwoven global threats to public health and ecosystem function that reveal the intrinsic connections between human and wildlife health. These challenges are especially pressing in cities, where social-ecological interactions are pronounced. The One Health concept provides an organizing framework that promotes the health and well-being of urban communities and ecosystems. However, for One Health to be successful, it must incorporate societal inequities in environmental disamenities, exposures, and policy. Such inequities affect all One Health interfaces, including the distribution of ecosystem services and disservices, the nature and frequency of human–wildlife interactions, and legacies of land use. Here, we review the current literature on One Health perspectives, pinpoint areas in which to incorporate an environmental justice lens, and close with recommendations for future work. Intensifying social, political, and environmental unrest underscore a dire need for One Health solutions informed by environmental justice principles to help build healthier, more resilient cities. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 53 is November 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

我们正面临着对公共卫生和生态系统功能的相互交织的全球威胁，这些威胁揭示了人类和野生动物健康之间的内在联系。这些挑战在社会生态相互作用明显的城市尤为紧迫。“同一个健康”概念提供了一个促进城市社区和生态系统健康和福祉的组织框架。然而，“同一个健康”要想取得成功，就必须将社会不平等纳入环境不利因素、暴露和政策中。这种不平等影响到“同一个健康”项目的所有界面，包括生态系统服务和危害的分布、人类与野生动物相互作用的性质和频率，以及土地利用的遗留问题。在这里，我们回顾了当前关于一个健康观点的文献，指出了纳入环境正义镜头的领域，并对未来的工作提出了建议。社会、政治和环境动荡加剧，凸显出迫切需要根据环境正义原则制定“同一个健康”解决方案，以帮助建设更健康、更具复原力的城市。《生态、进化和分类学年度评论》第53卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2022年11月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

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引用次数: 6

Freshwater Fish Invasions: A Comprehensive Review 淡水鱼入侵:综合综述

IF 11.8 1区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-032522-015551

Camille Bernery, C. Bellard, F. Courchamp, S. Brosse, R. Gozlan, I. Jarić, F. Teletchea, B. Leroy

Freshwater fish have been widely introduced worldwide, and freshwater ecosystems are among those most affected by biological invasions. Consequently, freshwater fish invasions are one of the most documented invasions among animal taxa, with much information available about invasive species, their characteristics, invaded regions, invasion pathways, impacts, and management. While existing reviews address specific aspects of freshwater fish invasions, there is still a gaping lack of comprehensive assessments of freshwater fish invasions that simultaneously address pivotal and connected elements of the invasion process. Here, we provide a holistic review, together with quantitative assessments, divided into four major parts: ( a) introduction pathways, ( b) characteristics of nonnative species and invaded ecosystems that explain successful invasion processes, ( c) invasion impacts and their mechanisms, and ( d) management. We highlight data gaps and biases in the current databases and highlight a basic lack of understanding of several aspects of freshwater fish invasions. In addition, we provide recommendations for future studies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 53 is November 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

淡水鱼在世界范围内被广泛引进，淡水生态系统是受生物入侵影响最大的生态系统之一。因此，淡水鱼入侵是动物类群中记录最多的入侵物种之一，对入侵物种、入侵特征、入侵区域、入侵途径、影响和管理等方面都有详细的了解。虽然现有的综述涉及淡水鱼入侵的具体方面，但仍然缺乏对淡水鱼入侵的全面评估，同时解决入侵过程中的关键和相关因素。在此，我们提供了一个全面的回顾和定量评估，分为四个主要部分:(a)引入途径，(b)解释成功入侵过程的外来物种和入侵生态系统特征，(c)入侵影响及其机制，以及(d)入侵管理。我们强调了当前数据库中的数据缺口和偏差，并强调了对淡水鱼入侵的几个方面基本缺乏了解。并对今后的研究提出建议。《生态、进化和分类学年度评论》第53卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2022年11月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

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引用次数: 22

The Macroevolutionary History of Bony Fishes: A Paleontological View 硬骨鱼类的宏观进化史:古生物学的观点

IF 11.8 1区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-111720-010447

M. Friedman

Bony fishes are the principal group of backboned animals in contemporary aquatic settings. Extant species are the focus of a vigorous program of macroevolutionary research, but paleontology offers important perspectives. Multiple fossil records bear on the evolution of bony fishes, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Understanding of the interrelationships among living bony fishes has improved substantially in recent years, but confidence in the phylogenetic placement of fossils is highly variable. This reflects limitations in current understanding of both fossil anatomy and hard-tissue characters for extant clades. Patterns of taxonomic and morphological diversity over bony fish history remain incompletely known, with most studies restricted to particular clades or specific intervals of time. The wealth of anatomical data recorded by the fossil record could make an important addition to a growing body of work examining phenotypic evolution across living species, but incorporating this information requires the placement of fossils within phylogenetic trees. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 53 is November 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

硬骨鱼是当代水生环境中主要的脊椎动物群。现存物种是宏观进化研究的重点，但古生物学提供了重要的视角。多种化石记录都与硬骨鱼类的进化有关，每种都有自己的优缺点。近年来，对活硬骨鱼之间相互关系的了解有了很大的提高，但对化石系统发育位置的信心是高度可变的。这反映了目前对现存进化枝的化石解剖和硬组织特征的理解的局限性。硬骨鱼历史上的分类和形态多样性模式仍然不完全清楚，大多数研究仅限于特定的分支或特定的时间间隔。化石记录所记录的丰富的解剖数据可以为研究现存物种表型进化的工作提供重要的补充，但要整合这些信息，需要将化石置于系统发育树中。《生态、进化和分类学年度评论》第53卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2022年11月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

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引用次数: 3

Evolution and Community Assembly Across Spatial Scales 跨空间尺度的进化与群落聚集

IF 11.8 1区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102220-024934

M. Leibold, Lynn Govaert, N. Loeuille, L. De Meester, M. C. Urban

The finding that adaptive evolution can often be substantial enough to alter ecological dynamics challenges traditional views of community ecology that ignore evolution. Here, we propose that evolution might commonly alter both local and regional processes of community assembly. We show how adaptation can substantially affect community assembly and that these effects depend on regional (metacommunity) factors, including environmental heterogeneity and its spatial structure. In particular, early colonists can often arrive from a nearby community, adapt to local conditions, and subsequently alter the establishment or abundance of late-arriving species, often producing an evolutionary priority effect. We also discuss how interaction type and relative rates of colonization, evolution, and community interactions determine divergent community outcomes. We describe new conceptual approaches that provide insights into these dynamics and statistical methods that can better evaluate their importance. Overall, we demonstrate that accounting for adaptation during community assembly opens up novel ways for making progress on fundamental questions in community ecology. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 53 is November 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

适应性进化往往足以改变生态动态，这一发现挑战了忽视进化的传统群落生态学观点。在这里，我们提出进化可能通常改变社区聚集的局部和区域过程。我们展示了适应如何实质性地影响群落聚集，以及这些影响取决于区域(元群落)因素，包括环境异质性及其空间结构。特别是，早期的殖民者通常可以从附近的社区到达，适应当地的条件，并随后改变迟来物种的建立或数量，通常产生进化优先效应。我们还讨论了殖民化、进化和社区互动的相互作用类型和相对比率如何决定不同的社区结果。我们描述了新的概念方法，提供了对这些动态和统计方法的见解，可以更好地评估它们的重要性。总的来说，我们证明了在群落聚集过程中考虑适应为在群落生态学的基本问题上取得进展开辟了新的途径。《生态、进化和分类学年度评论》第53卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2022年11月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

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引用次数: 13

The Evolution and Ecology of Interactions Between Ants and Honeydew-Producing Hemipteran Insects 蚂蚁与产蜜半翅目昆虫相互作用的进化与生态学

IF 11.8 1区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102220-014840

Annika S. Nelson, K. Mooney

The interactions between ants and certain sap-feeding insects in the order Hemiptera are classic examples of food-for-protection mutualisms. In these associations, herbivorous hemipterans use a highly specialized, straw-like mouthpart to consume sap directly from plant phloem and xylem and, as a result, excrete a sugar-rich waste product called honeydew. Ant foragers in turn use specialized adaptations to collect and share honeydew with nestmates and, in exchange, protect hemipterans against predators. The two key innovations underlying this interaction—hemipteran sap feeding and ant harvesting of honeydew—have driven the evolutionary success and ecological dominance of ants. These interactions also carry unique costs and benefits for each partner and are highly context dependent. Understanding the factors mediating this mutualism is critical, as these interactions have broader ecological consequences for the natural and agricultural ecosystems in which they are embedded. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 53 is November 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

蚂蚁和某些半翅目取食汁液的昆虫之间的相互作用是食物换保护的典型例子。在这些联系中，草食性半足类动物使用一个高度专业化的、类似稻草的口器直接从植物韧皮部和木质部吸收汁液，结果，排泄出一种富含糖的废物，称为蜜露。蚂蚁觅食者反过来利用特殊的适应性来收集和分享蜜露，作为交换，保护半足类动物免受捕食者的侵害。这种相互作用背后的两个关键创新——半翅蚁取食汁液和蚂蚁采集蜜露——推动了蚂蚁的进化成功和生态优势。这些互动对每个合作伙伴都有独特的成本和收益，并且高度依赖于环境。了解促成这种共生关系的因素至关重要，因为这些相互作用对它们所处的自然和农业生态系统具有更广泛的生态影响。《生态、进化和分类学年度评论》第53卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2022年11月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

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引用次数: 9

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