Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献_第8页

Intensified thermal coupling with penetrating fins for superior performance of phase change material/metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors 相变材料/金属氢化物储氢反应器性能优异的穿透翅片强化热耦合

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.130115

Shiyuan Gao , Haonan Zheng , Yantong Li , Yang Ye , Huibin Yin , Yongjun Xu

Efficient thermal management remains a critical challenge for metal hydride-based hydrogen storage systems. Phase change materials (PCMs) are considered a promising thermal regulation strategy owing to their latent heat storage capacity. However, the heat transfer and reaction rates are severely limited by low thermal conductivity and high resistance to heat transfer. This study develops a transient two-dimensional numerical model integrating reaction kinetics, heat conduction, and phase change. It proposed penetrating radial fins to enhance heat transfer and thermal coupling between the PCM and hydride bed, reducing hydrogen storage time from 1910 s (case without fin) to 789 s (case with penetrating radial fins). Three fin geometries (V-type, T-type, and Y-type) were designed and investigated under typical absorption conditions. The results show that the Y-type fin reduces the hydrogen storage time from 654 s to 408 s, corresponding to improvements in the average reaction rate of 16.2% and 37.6% compared to the T-type and V-type designs, respectively. Subsequently, multi-parameter optimization was performed on the Y-type fins, considering the branch angle, the main-to-secondary branch length ratio, the number of fins, and the thermal conductivity. The optimized Y-type fin achieves a more uniform temperature distribution across the reactor, which contributes to the kinetic enhancement. This work introduces a systematically optimized, interface-targeted fin design that directly bridges MH reaction heat release with PCM latent heat storage, which provides a viable design framework for PCM coupled hydrogen storage reactor systems.

高效的热管理仍然是基于金属氢化物的储氢系统面临的关键挑战。相变材料（PCMs）由于其潜热储存能力被认为是一种很有前途的热调节策略。然而，传热和反应速率受到低导热系数和高传热阻力的严重限制。本研究建立了一个集反应动力学、热传导和相变于一体的瞬态二维数值模型。提出了穿透式径向翅片来加强PCM与氢化物床之间的传热和热耦合，将储氢时间从1910 s（无翅片情况）缩短到789 s（有穿透式径向翅片情况）。在典型吸光条件下，设计并研究了v型、t型和y型三种翅片几何形状。结果表明，y型翅片将储氢时间从654 s缩短至408 s，平均反应速率比t型和v型分别提高了16.2%和37.6%。随后，对y型翅片进行了多参数优化，考虑了分支角度、主副分支长度比、翅片数量和导热系数。优化后的y型翅片使整个反应器的温度分布更加均匀，有助于增强动力学。本工作介绍了一种系统优化的、面向界面的鳍片设计，直接将MH反应放热与PCM潜热储存连接起来，为PCM耦合储氢反应堆系统提供了一个可行的设计框架。

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引用次数: 0

Design and optimization of an agrivoltaic greenhouse integrated with a hybrid PV/T-EAHE system 结合PV/T-EAHE混合系统的农业温室设计与优化

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129798

Siavash Maniee, Mehdi Maerefat

This study presents the transient simulation of a greenhouse integrated with a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) and earth-to-air heat exchanger (EAHE) system in Tehran, aimed at determining the optimal design capacities of cooling/heating equipment and evaluating the indoor microclimate. The simulations were conducted in TRNSYS, with PV/T panels installed on the southern roof and the EAHE located beneath the cultivation surface to align with agrivoltaic design principles. The temporal variations of thermal and thermodynamic parameters—including air temperature, relative humidity, CO₂ concentration, and plant evapotranspiration—were analyzed for two representative days: January 12 (coldest) and July 1 (hottest), under four configurations: conventional, PV/T, EAHE, and PV/T-EAHE hybrid greenhouses. The results demonstrate that the design capacities of the fan-pad cooling and heating systems decrease by 19.6% and 15.9%, respectively, in the hybrid configuration relative to the baseline. The PV/T system contributes more significantly to summer performance enhancement, while the EAHE is more effective in winter. The hybrid configuration achieves an average 18% reduction in overall HVAC capacity. In summer, total daily water consumption decreases from 876 L (baseline) to 727 L (hybrid), representing a 17% reduction, while net fan-related electrical energy use drops by 49% compared to the traditional greenhouse. These findings confirm the technical feasibility and energy-saving potential of integrating PV/T and EAHE systems in greenhouse applications under semi-arid climatic conditions. In addition, validation against experimental data shows satisfactory agreement, with low RMSE values of air temperature (1.63–1.83 °C) and high R-Squared (0.91–0.96).

本研究介绍了德黑兰一个混合光伏/热（PV/T）和地对空热交换器（EAHE）系统的温室的瞬态模拟，旨在确定冷却/加热设备的最佳设计能力，并评估室内微气候。模拟在TRNSYS中进行，光伏/T面板安装在南屋顶，EAHE位于种植表面下方，以符合农业光伏设计原则。在常规温室、PV/T温室、EAHE温室和PV/T-EAHE混合温室4种配置下，分析了1月12日（最冷）和7月1日（最热）2个代表性日的气温、相对湿度、CO 2浓度和植物蒸散量的时间变化。结果表明，在混合动力配置下，风扇垫冷却和加热系统的设计能力相对于基线分别下降了19.6%和15.9%。PV/T系统对夏季性能提升的贡献更显著，而EAHE系统对冬季性能提升的效果更显著。混合配置使整体暖通空调容量平均减少18%。在夏季，每天的总用水量从876升（基线）减少到727升（混合），减少了17%，而与传统温室相比，与风扇相关的净电能消耗下降了49%。这些发现证实了在半干旱气候条件下，光伏/T和EAHE系统在温室应用中的技术可行性和节能潜力。此外，与实验数据的验证结果吻合良好，气温的RMSE值较低（1.63 ~ 1.83℃），r平方值较高（0.91 ~ 0.96）。

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引用次数: 0

Energy and exergy analysis of gas-solid heat transfer in double-stage cooling device for sinter waste heat recovery 烧结余热回收双级冷却装置气固传热能量及火用分析

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.130119

Yuming Jiao , Junsheng Feng , Liang Zhao , Hui Dong , Wenhao Jiang

To overcome the intrinsic limitations of conventional sinter waste heat recovery (WHR) systems, the present study proposes a novel double stage cooling device (DSCD) integrating vertical cooling with annular re-cooling. Based on porous media theory and non-equilibrium dual-energy equations, comprehensive models describing the flow and heat transfer processes within the DSCD were developed. And then, the effects of inlet air flow rate and temperature, as well as the height and length of cooling section on the key performance indicators in the DSCD were studied. Furthermore, a dual-objective optimization model was applied to determine the optimal structural and operational parameters of the DSCD. The results demonstrate that the WHR rate shows a gradual reducing trend with the rise of inlet air temperature, and the larger the inlet air flow rate, the height and length of cooling section are, the greater the WHR rate is. The exergy destruction of heat carrier in the DSCD presents a gradual increase with the rise of inlet air flow rate and cooling section height, and gradually reduces as the inlet air temperature and cooling section length rise. Under the optimal condition, the suitable parameter combination in the DSCD is the inlet air flow rate of 170 kg/s, the inlet air temperature of 333 K, the cooling section height of 7.5 m, and the cooling section length of 10 m. Based on the above optimal parameters, the WHR efficiency of DSCD can reach 77.3%, showing a better WHR effect.

为了克服传统烧结废热回收系统固有的局限性，本研究提出了一种新型的双级冷却装置（DSCD），该装置集垂直冷却和环形再冷却于一体。基于多孔介质理论和非平衡双能方程，建立了描述DSCD内流动和传热过程的综合模型。在此基础上，研究了进气流量和温度、冷却段高度和冷却段长度对DSCD关键性能指标的影响。应用双目标优化模型确定了DSCD的最优结构参数和运行参数。结果表明：随着进气温度的升高，WHR率呈逐渐降低的趋势，且进气流量越大，冷却段的高度和长度越大，WHR率越大；随着进气流量和冷却段高度的升高，DSCD中热载体的火用破坏逐渐增大，随着进气温度和冷却段长度的升高，热载体的火用破坏逐渐减小。在最优工况下，DSCD的适宜参数组合为进气流速170 kg/s，进气温度333 K，冷却段高度7.5 m，冷却段长度10 m。基于上述优化参数，DSCD的WHR效率可达77.3%，显示出较好的WHR效果。

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引用次数: 0

3E analysis of a CHP system for waste heat utilization in small-scale MSW treatment plant based on a TFB incinerator 基于TFB焚烧炉的小型城市生活垃圾处理厂余热利用热电联产系统的3E分析

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129946

Qiwei Luo , Meng Shi , Zuo Wang , Yingjian Zhang , Yuan Zhang , Chunfang Xu , Yanguo Zhang , Rongjie Chen

This study presents a comprehensive 3E (Energy, Exergy, and Economic) analysis of a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system built around a turbulent fluidized bed (TFB) waste-to-energy boiler rated at 150 t/d. Against a backdrop of uneven municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration infrastructure in China, especially in county-level regions, the proposed system integrates a steam Rankine cycle (SRC), an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), an absorption refrigeration system (ARS) and a waste heat heating system (WHHS) to maximize the utilization of both high- and low-grade exhaust heat. Modeling was performed Peng-Robinson with Boston-Mathias modification (PR-BM) is selected as the primary system simulation approach, and Steam-NBS for steam cycles, with ELECNTRL for ARS. Two configurations were compared: a simple turbine-only cycle versus a combined turbine-ORC cycle, each evaluated under power-only, cold-power cogeneration, and heat-power cogeneration modes. Key findings include the identification of butane at 1.6 MPa as the optimal ORC working fluid for power-focused operation, while isopentane better serves scenarios with higher cooling or heating demand. The turbine-only scheme achieves higher overall energy efficiency (up to 34.7% in heating mode), whereas the combined cycle boosts power efficiency from 5.2% to 7.4% and exergy efficiency from 22.9% to 32.8% in power-only mode. Economic analysis yields a levelized cost of electricity competitive under current feed-in tariffs, with an internal rate of return of 37% and a payback period of 1.7 years at 0.41 Y/kWh. The results demonstrate that the TFB-CCHP system can significantly enhance both thermodynamic performance and economic viability of small-scale MSW incineration plants.

本研究提出了一个综合的3E（能源、能源和经济）分析，围绕一个额定150t /d的湍流流化床（TFB）废物转化为能源的锅炉建立一个联合冷却、加热和电力（CCHP）系统。针对中国城市生活垃圾（MSW）焚烧基础设施不均匀的情况，特别是在县级地区，该系统集成了蒸汽朗肯循环（SRC）、有机朗肯循环（ORC）、吸收式制冷系统（ARS）和废热加热系统（WHHS），以最大限度地利用高品位和低品位的废热。采用基于Boston-Mathias修改（PR-BM）的Peng-Robinson方法作为主要系统仿真方法，采用steam - nbs方法模拟蒸汽循环，采用ELECNTRL方法模拟ARS。对两种配置进行了比较：简单的仅涡轮机循环与涡轮机- orc联合循环，分别在仅功率，冷电热电联产和热电热电联产模式下进行评估。主要发现包括，在1.6 MPa的压力下，丁烷是功率集中作业的最佳ORC工作流体，而异戊烷则更适合更高冷却或加热需求的情况。纯涡轮机方案实现了更高的整体能源效率（在加热模式下高达34.7%），而联合循环在纯动力模式下将功率效率从5.2%提高到7.4%，将火用效率从22.9%提高到32.8%。经济分析表明，在当前的上网电价下，该项目具有竞争力的平准化电力成本，内部回报率为37%，投资回收期为1.7年，为0.41 Y/kWh。结果表明，tbs - cchp系统可以显著提高小型城市生活垃圾焚烧厂的热力学性能和经济可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Heat transfer and flow dynamics in heat exchangers for efficient waste heat utilization 高效废热利用换热器的传热与流动动力学

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129994

Zhandos Baizhuma , Nurdaulet Kalassov , Gulzhan Ilyassova , Aktolkyn Danlybaeva , Zarina Gabitova , Balgyn Yelubayeva , Aleksandar Georgiev

One of the most important factors affecting the reliable operation of wind energy systems in cold and harsh continental conditions is icing on wind turbine blades, which can lead to significant loss of aerodynamic performance, unbalanced loads, and power output. This paper presents a novel approach to mitigate icing by applying compact heat exchanger design principles to internally heat the blades. First, this study considered a counterflow heat exchanger in a tube as an analog model of the internal blade channels capable of improving heat transfer while reducing energy consumption. The thermohydraulic behavior in the range of Reynolds numbers 1000–5000 was analyzed using systematic data reduction and 3D CFD modeling performed in ANSYS Fluent, which demonstrated the reliability of capturing convection near the transitional wall. Mesh independence was confirmed within 1.9–3.2 million elements, which reduced the j-factor error to 0.3%, limited the f-factor bias to less than 1.7%, and kept Y⁺ between 0.2 and 0.9 for numerical stability and boundary layer accuracy. The countercurrent configuration showed better performance, with Colburn coefficients between 0.02 and 0.04, and Fanning friction coefficients between 0.006 and 0.010. The CFD predictions closely followed the measured trends; discrepancies ranged from 8 to 25% for j and 0–20% for f, confirming the robustness of the numerical model.

These results show that counter-current flow can efficiently redistribute waste heat and enable natural airflow within rotor blades. This work represents the first to marry compact heat-exchanger optimization with wind-turbine icing mitigation within a single thermo-hydraulic framework. The findings presented here form a basis upon which to develop self-sustaining, energy-efficient anti-icing systems for wind turbines operating in cold climates. Future work will extend this methodology to rotating geometries with conjugate heat transfer and ice-accretion coupling for accurate thermal-behavior prediction.

在寒冷和恶劣的大陆条件下，影响风能系统可靠运行的最重要因素之一是风力涡轮机叶片结冰，这可能导致空气动力性能的重大损失，负载不平衡和功率输出。本文提出了一种利用紧凑型热交换器设计原理对叶片进行内部加热的新方法。首先，本研究将管内逆流换热器作为叶片内部通道的模拟模型，该模型能够在改善传热的同时降低能耗。在ANSYS Fluent中进行了系统的数据简化和三维CFD建模，分析了雷诺数在1000-5000范围内的热液行为，验证了捕获过渡壁上对流的可靠性。在190万- 320万单元内确认网格独立性，将j因子误差降低到0.3%，将f因子偏差限制在1.7%以内，并将Y+保持在0.2 - 0.9之间，以保持数值稳定性和边界层精度。逆流构型性能较好，Colburn系数在0.02 ~ 0.04之间，Fanning摩擦系数在0.006 ~ 0.010之间。CFD预测与测量趋势密切相关；j的差异在8 - 25%之间，f的差异在0-20%之间，证实了数值模型的稳健性。这些结果表明，逆流流可以有效地重新分配余热，并使旋翼叶片内的自然气流成为可能。这项工作首次将紧凑型热交换器优化与单一热水力框架内的风力涡轮机结冰缓解结合起来。本文提出的研究结果为开发在寒冷气候下运行的风力涡轮机的自我维持、节能的防冰系统奠定了基础。未来的工作将把这种方法扩展到具有共轭传热和冰吸积耦合的旋转几何，以实现准确的热行为预测。

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引用次数: 0

A numerical model for AP/HTPB premixed combustion AP/HTPB预混燃烧数值模型

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.130106

Neeraj Kumar Pradhan , Arindrajit Chowdhury , Debasis Chakraborty , Neeraj Kumbhakarna

A simulation model is developed for the premixed combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) and Hydroxyl-terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) using a detailed chemical mechanism in gas and semiglobal kinetics in condensed phases. The suggested model considers the burning of the premixed propellant in three distinct phases: a solid phase, a condensed phase region consisting of liquid, and a premixed gas phase flame. This model uses the full chemical mechanism for the gas phase, with 37 species, 127 reactions, and six reactions in the condensed phase. Energy, species, and mass conservation are considered in condensed phases, while gas phase dynamics are simulated using the ChemKin premix code. The model's validation includes comparing experimental burn rates of propellant configurations with 80% and 82% AP, and major and minor species mole fraction data available in the literature. The model precisely characterises the relationship between burn rate and pressure data within the range of low to moderate pressures. The computed species mole fractions agree well with experimental data and equilibrium values. Insights into flame dynamics are obtained by analysing the nature of combustion, surface temperature, melt temperature and heat flux. Promising results led to further parametric investigations into various AP weight fractions for premix combustion cases. A preliminary model discussed in this paper is essential before developing a more comprehensive model that considers multi-modal composite propellants with larger AP grains and the related diffusion flame.

建立了高氯酸铵（AP）和端羟基聚丁二烯（HTPB）预混合燃烧的模拟模型，采用了详细的气体化学机理和凝聚态半全局动力学模型。所建议的模型考虑了预混推进剂在三个不同阶段的燃烧：固相、由液体组成的凝聚相区和预混气相火焰。该模型采用气相的完整化学机理，有37种物质，127个反应和6个缩合反应。在凝聚相中考虑能量、物质和质量守恒，而使用ChemKin预混料代码模拟气相动力学。该模型的验证包括比较80%和82% AP的推进剂配置的实验燃烧率，以及文献中可获得的主要和次要物质摩尔分数数据。该模型精确地描述了在低压到中压范围内燃烧速率和压力数据之间的关系。计算得到的物质摩尔分数与实验数据和平衡值吻合较好。通过分析燃烧的性质、表面温度、熔体温度和热通量，可以深入了解火焰动力学。有希望的结果导致了对预混燃烧情况下各种AP重量分数的进一步参数研究。本文讨论的一个初步模型是必要的，然后才能建立一个更全面的模型，考虑具有更大AP颗粒的多模态复合推进剂和相关的扩散火焰。

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引用次数: 0

Improving combustion and thermal efficiency in domestic geysers for a sustainable future 改善国内间歇泉的燃烧和热效率，以实现可持续的未来

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129911

Faiq Said , Afzal Khan , Muhammad Zeeshan Zahir , Ashfaq Khan

Domestic gas water heaters often operate with low thermal efficiency and high emissions due to inadequate burner baffle integration, and the combined effects of these components remain insufficiently studied. This work experimentally investigates six baffle geometries strip, cylindrical, conical, finned conical, frustum, and bladed frustum paired with plate and circular burners in a 30-gal heater, with performance assessed using a flue gas analyzer, gas meter, and digital thermometry under three repeated trials to ensure reproducibility. Results show that the frustum baffle with a plate burner provided the highest improvement, raising thermal efficiency from 48.97% to 69.3%, reducing fuel consumption by 29.48%, and improving combustion efficiency from 47% to 73.4%, while lowering stack temperature by 100.3 °C through stronger turbulence, extended flame spread, and prolonged gas residence time. The same baffle with a circular burner achieved 67% thermal efficiency and 30% fuel savings. Combustion analysis confirmed more complete fuel utilization, reducing CO from 13.2% to 7.32% and increasing CO₂ from 3.98% to 7.65%, highlighting the environmental benefits of this configuration and demonstrating reduced harmful emissions and energy conservation. These findings establish a burner-baffle co-optimization framework (Based on systematic experimental comparison rather than a formal optimization model), identifying the frustum baffle with a plate burner as the most effective configuration for high-efficiency, low-emission, and energy-conserving domestic water heating, directly linking the reported improvements to environmental sustainability, emission reduction, and energy conservation.

由于燃烧器挡板集成不充分，家用燃气热水器的热效率低，排放高，对这些部件的综合影响研究不足。本研究通过实验研究了30加仑加热器中与板式和圆形燃烧器配对的六种挡板几何形状：条形、圆柱形、圆锥形、翅片圆锥形、截锥体和叶片截锥体，并使用烟气分析仪、燃气表和数字测温仪进行了三次重复试验，以确保再现性。结果表明，采用板式燃烧器的折流板对燃烧效率的改善效果最大，将热效率从48.97%提高到69.3%，将燃油消耗降低29.48%，将燃烧效率从47%提高到73.4%，同时通过增强湍流、延长火焰蔓延和延长气体停留时间，使堆温降低了100.3℃。同样的挡板与圆形燃烧器实现了67%的热效率和30%的燃料节约。燃烧分析证实了更全面的燃料利用率，将CO从13.2%降低到7.32%，将CO₂从3.98%增加到7.65%，突出了这种配置的环境效益，并证明了减少有害排放和节能。这些发现建立了一个燃烧器-挡板协同优化框架（基于系统的实验对比，而不是正式的优化模型），确定了板式燃烧器的挡板是高效、低排放、节能的最有效配置，将所报告的改善与环境可持续性、减排和节能直接联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Thermo-hydraulic performance and flow analysis of six TPMS heat exchangers: An experimental and numerical study 六种TPMS换热器热工性能及流动分析：实验与数值研究

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.130141

Wei Tang , Fan Yang , Xun You , Yihao Zhou , Xianpeng Li , Linfeng Zhang , Yinxi Lu , Guangzhi Li , Licheng Sun , Jun Niu , Zhigang Zhang , Yang Zhao , Ying Cao

The development of high-performance compact heat exchangers is crucial for advancing technologies in aerospace, energy, and other cutting-edge fields. This study provides a comprehensive experimental and numerical evaluation of the thermo-hydraulic performance of six Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) heat exchangers (Gyroid, Diamond, IWP, Primitive, FRD, Neovius) benchmarked against a traditional Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) under air convection conditions across a Reynolds number range of approximately 525 to 3743. Results demonstrate the superior performance of TPMS architectures. All six TPMS designs significantly outperform the PCHE in both heat transfer (Nusselt number, j-factor) and overall efficiency (Performance Evaluation Criterion, PEC). For instance, the cold-side PEC of the Gyroid, Diamond, and IWP structures range from 1.43 to 1.9, representing an enhancement of 43%–90% over the PCHE. Performance varies markedly among TPMS types: Neovius exhibits the highest heat transfer but also the highest pressure drop, while FRD shows a large temperature difference but poor overall efficiency. A key novel finding of this work is the identification of inherent geometric asymmetry between the cold and hot flow channels in four TPMS structures (IWP, Primitive, FRD, Neovius), a feature that directly leads to divergent performance on each side and clarifies inconsistencies in performance rankings. Furthermore, convective heat transfer correlations are developed for all designs. This study not only ranks TPMS structures for practical selection but also provides fundamental insights into their design by highlighting the critical, previously underexplored role of flow channel asymmetry, confirming the significant potential of specific TPMS types like Gyroid for high-performance compact heat transfer applications.

高性能紧凑型热交换器的开发对于推进航空航天、能源和其他前沿领域的技术至关重要。本研究对六种三周期最小表面（TPMS）热交换器（Gyroid, Diamond， IWP, Primitive， FRD, Neovius）的热水力性能进行了全面的实验和数值评估，以传统印刷电路热交换器（PCHE）为基准，在空气对流条件下，雷诺数范围约为525至3743。结果证明了TPMS结构的优越性能。所有六种TPMS设计在传热（努塞尔数，j因子）和整体效率（性能评估标准，PEC）方面都明显优于PCHE。例如，Gyroid、Diamond和IWP结构的冷侧PEC范围为1.43至1.9，比PCHE增强了43%-90%。不同TPMS类型的性能差异明显：Neovius传热最大，压降也最大，而FRD温差大，综合效率差。这项工作的一个关键的新发现是确定了四种TPMS结构（IWP, Primitive， FRD, Neovius）中冷热流动通道之间固有的几何不对称性，这一特征直接导致了每侧的不同性能，并澄清了性能排名的不一致。此外，对流传热关系式发展了所有的设计。这项研究不仅对TPMS结构进行了实际选择，而且通过强调流道不对称的关键作用，为其设计提供了基本见解，证实了特定TPMS类型（如Gyroid）在高性能紧凑型传热应用中的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A study on enhanced convective heat transfer characteristics methods for porous medium drying of edible roses under cylindrical flow disturbance 圆柱流扰动下食用玫瑰多孔介质干燥强化对流换热特性方法研究

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129882

Zhihan Deng , Ming Li , Ying Zhang , Chen Deng , Jianhuan Deng , Xiaobo Feng , Guoliang Li

Edible roses are rich in anthocyanins, essential oils, and phenolic compounds, with high nutritional and medicinal value. However, high moisture content and fragile porous structure render them highly susceptible to browning and nutrient loss after harvest. Developing energy-efficient drying technologies is therefore crucial for preserving product quality. This study proposes a novel approach by integrating cylindrical turbulence promoters into the hot-air drying channel to induce periodic vortices, disrupt stable boundary layers, and enhance convective heat transfer. To elucidate the thermo-hygroscopic coupling during drying, a multi-physics CFD model coupling temperature, humidity, and airflow velocity fields was constructed. The effect of turbulence tube diameter and spatial positioning on flow distribution, Nusselt number, Darcy friction factor, and thermal enhancement factor were systematically investigated. Experimental validation demonstrated that the optimal configuration with a tube diameter of 0.75 cm at the central coordinate (2.70, 2.98), achieved a thermal enhancement coefficient (TEC) of 1.52, reduced drying time by approximately 20% and energy consumption by 10.6%, while achieving a higher mid-to-late stage water loss rate. Results demonstrated the feasibility and energy-saving potential of adopting industrial turbulence techniques in agricultural drying, while providing theoretical and practical guidance for the development of energy-efficient drying technologies for high-value floral products.

食用玫瑰含有丰富的花青素、精油和酚类化合物，具有很高的营养和药用价值。然而，高含水量和脆弱的多孔结构使其在收获后极易褐变和营养流失。因此，开发节能干燥技术对于保持产品质量至关重要。本研究提出了一种新颖的方法，通过在热风干燥通道中集成圆柱形湍流促进器来诱导周期性涡，破坏稳定边界层，增强对流换热。为了阐明干燥过程中的热吸湿耦合，建立了温度、湿度和气流速度场耦合的多物理场CFD模型。系统研究了湍流管直径和空间定位对流动分布、努塞尔数、达西摩擦系数和热增强系数的影响。实验验证表明，在中心坐标（2.70,2.98）处，当管径为0.75 cm时，最佳配置的热增强系数（TEC）为1.52，干燥时间缩短约20%，能耗降低10.6%，中后期失水率较高。研究结果证明了工业湍流技术在农业干燥中的可行性和节能潜力，为开发高价值花卉产品的节能干燥技术提供了理论和实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Transient investigation of a parallel vapor compression cycle for electric aircraft 电动飞机平行蒸汽压缩循环的瞬态研究

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.130085

Marius Nozinski , Theresa Kramer , Johannes Sprenger , Yixa Xu , Christiane Thomas , Stephan Kabelac

The aviation industry faces the challenge of balancing emission reduction with the increasing demand for passenger flights. Electric aircraft offer a promising solution by eliminating emissions during flight, but their components necessitate an efficient thermal management system to achieve the restricted operating temperatures. A vapor compression cycle presents a viable approach to maintain component temperatures near or below ambient levels, even at hot ground-level temperatures. By using parallel evaporators directly connected to the electric components, multiple heat sources across an aircraft can be addressed. Despite its potential, the impact of such a system on aircraft performance remains unexplored, representing a crucial research area for future aircraft generations. To investigate this, an experimental test rig has been constructed to demonstrate the cooling system’s feasibility with the refrigerant R1336mzz(Z) and to validate a transient simulation model in MATLAB Simulink. The effect of additional drag, mass, and power consumption is analyzed over a flight mission. All factors are combined into a single objective parameter – the additional thrust requirement of the aircraft – derived from flight physics. The vapor compression cycle consistently outperforms a comparable liquid cooling cycle for all examined maximum component temperatures up to 70

° C

. A temperature lift of 40 K is identified as optimal, minimizing drag and outweighing the power increase due to the compressor. The studied vapor compression cycle achieves an airflow-dependent cooling capacity of up to 60 kW kg^-1s and a mass-dependent cooling capacity of 0.6 kW kg^-1, highlighting its effectiveness and potential for enhancing electric aircraft performance.

航空业面临着平衡减排与不断增长的客运航班需求的挑战。电动飞机通过消除飞行过程中的排放提供了一个很有前途的解决方案，但它们的组件需要一个有效的热管理系统来达到限制的工作温度。蒸汽压缩循环提供了一种可行的方法来保持组件温度接近或低于环境温度，即使在高温的地面温度下。通过使用直接连接到电子元件的平行蒸发器，可以解决飞机上的多个热源。尽管具有潜力，但这种系统对飞机性能的影响仍未得到探索，这是未来飞机一代的关键研究领域。为此，搭建了实验试验台，验证了R1336mzz(Z)制冷剂冷却系统的可行性，并在MATLAB Simulink中验证了瞬态仿真模型。在飞行任务中分析了附加阻力、质量和功率消耗的影响。所有因素被合并成一个单一的客观参数-飞机的额外推力需求-从飞行物理推导。蒸汽压缩循环始终优于可比性的液体冷却循环，所有检查组件的最高温度高达70°C。40 K的温度提升被认为是最佳的，可以最大限度地减少阻力，并抵消压缩机带来的功率增加。所研究的蒸汽压缩循环实现了高达60 kW kg-1的气流相关冷却能力和0.6 kW kg-1的质量相关冷却能力，突出了其有效性和提高电动飞机性能的潜力。

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引用次数: 0