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APARENTAR(-SE) A OUTRO: ELEMENTOS PARA UMA POÉTICA PERSPECTIVISTA 模仿他人:透视诗学的要素
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.22456/2238-8915.118511
A. Nodari
Busca-se repensar categorias da poética ocidental pelo seu contraste com poéticas ameríndias num exercício de equivocação e não de equivalência. Ou seja, investigar de que modo conceitos da teoria literária podem ser relidos (deslocados) a partir do contato entre práticas verbais de distintas ordens e naturezas. Isso comporta uma dificuldade prévia, sobre o  estatuto do que chamamos de “literatura”, que não corresponde ao(s) lugar(es) daquilo que se designa, de modo imperfeito, como poéticas indígenas: estas não se separam em uma esfera autônoma, não se dissociam de práticas como o xamanismo, o ritual, a exortação, a explicação cosmológica, e mesmo o entretenimento ou a literatura no sentido “branco”, etc – são artes “multimodais”. Qualquer equiparação comporta o perigo da redução e da violência, fazendo com que a comparação e a (con)tradução conceitual propostas sejam inviáveis se não forem acompanhadas de uma reflexão político-institucional sobre os lugares (do ter lugar) da linguagem.
我们试图重新思考西方诗学与美洲印第安诗学的对比,这是一种错误的练习,而不是对等的练习。也就是说,研究文学理论中的概念是如何从不同顺序和性质的语言实践之间的接触中重新阅读(置换)的。毋庸置疑,包括之前的状态,我们称之为的“文学”,(s)不符的地方(es)系的诗意,一点不完美,就像印第安人:这些不能单独在一个自治领域,不能单独作为萨满教仪式实践,觉悟、宇宙的解释,甚至娱乐、文学对“白”等艺术—是“多通道”。任何等同都有减少和暴力的危险,如果不伴随着对语言(发生的地方)的政治和制度反思,所提议的比较和概念翻译将是不可行的。
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引用次数: 1
LIVRO-BOI SEM TRIPAS: O PAÍS DE BENJAMIN SANCHES É UMA CIDADE GUARDADA POR SERPENTES DE FOGO 没有内脏的牛书:本杰明·桑切斯的国家是一个由火蛇守卫的城市
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.22456/2238-8915.116672
Priscila Lira De Oliveira
Este texto oferece uma proposta de leitura do conto “O Miolo” (1998), de Benjamin Sanches, imersa no espaço construído pelo autor. As cidades onde vivem suas personagens, claramente inspiradas nos municípios interioranos amazonenses, carregam consigo a floresta como vizinhança. Desse modo, buscamos encontrar nessa narrativa a presença da selva nas cidades, da mesma forma como nossa sociedade se faz tão presente na Amazônia (a partir de pesquisas, da exploração vegetal e animal e de projetos de ocupação religiosa, dentre tantos outros); encontramos, então, no subsolo uma possível resposta. Ao mesmo tempo que seres míticos habitam a terra desses cenários, sua influência na superfície emerge sempre causando bruscas alterações na realidade das personagens, afrontando, assim, a suposta autonomia dos indivíduos que se creem já civilizados e modernizados. À parte a forte influência greco-romana na obra do autor, ao evocar cenas claramente dionisíacas, gostaríamos de pontuar a também forte relação de seus temas com conhecimentos que habitam a floresta amazônica.
本文建议阅读本杰明·桑切斯的短篇小说《O Miolo》(1998),沉浸在作者所构建的空间中。他的角色居住的城市,显然受到了亚马逊内陆城市的启发,把森林作为社区。因此,我们试图在这个叙述中找到丛林在城市中的存在,就像我们的社会在亚马逊中如此存在一样(来自研究、植物和动物探索、宗教职业项目等);然后我们在地下找到了一个可能的答案。当神话生物居住在这些场景的土地上时,他们在表面上的影响总是出现,导致人物现实的突然变化,从而面对那些认为自己已经文明和现代化的个人的假定自主权。除了在作者的作品中强烈的希腊罗马影响,通过唤起明显的酒神场景,我们想指出他的主题与居住在亚马逊森林的知识之间的强烈关系。
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引用次数: 0
RESENHA DE O MANIFESTO DAS ESPÉCIES COMPANHEIRAS – CACHORROS, PESSOAS E ALTERIDADE SIGNIFICATIVA 回顾同伴物种的宣言-狗,人和重要的他者
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.22456/2238-8915.119468
Davi Alexandre Tomm
HARAWAY, Donna. O manifesto das espécies companheiras – Cachorros, pessoas e alteridade significativa. Trad. Pê Moreira. Revisão técnica e posfácio Fernando Silva e Silva. Rio de Janeiro: Bazar do Tempo, 2021. 184 p.
HARAWAY唐娜。同伴物种的宣言-狗,人和重要的他者。反式。没Moreira。Fernando Silva e Silva的技术回顾和后记。里约热内卢de Janeiro:时间市场,2021年。184 p。
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引用次数: 2
How French Mathematicians Learned about What Happened to their Polish Colleagues During WW2 法国数学家如何了解二战期间波兰同行的遭遇
Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.4467/00786500.org.21.002.14787
Frédéric Jaëck, L. Mazliak, R. Murawski
This article presents an exchange of letters between Wacław Sierpiński and Paul Montel during the year 1945. This correspondence, translated here into English, provides insight into how and in what form the French learned about the dramatic fate of many Polish mathematician colleagues during the war. We also give a short biography of the two protagonists, as well as some facts about the mathematicians mentioned in the letters.
这篇文章展示了1945年Wacław Sierpiński和保罗·蒙特尔之间的书信往来。这些信件被翻译成英文,让我们了解到法国人是如何以及以何种形式了解到许多波兰数学家同事在战争期间的悲惨命运的。我们还提供了两位主角的简短传记,以及信件中提到的数学家的一些事实。
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引用次数: 0
Between Textual Borrowing and Forgery. On Compilatory Practices of Medieval Universal Chroniclers Based on Martinus Polonus 在文本借用与伪造之间。论中世纪编年史编纂者的编纂实践——以马提努斯·波洛诺斯为例
Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.4467/00786500.org.21.004.14789
J. Soszyński
The author’s goal is to add to the understanding of the issue of where the border line is that marks the passage from an enlarged copy (an augmented or developed version) of a given chronicle to an independent authorial entity. In this context a side question arises concerning the acceptability of textual borrowing in the face of medieval authorial practices and conventions, i.e. where compiling ends and falsifying begins. The aforementioned issues are discussed on the basis of five historiographical texts composed between the mid–thirteenth and the third quarter of the 15th cent. Their common denominator is their affinity with the famous Chronicle of Popes and Emperors by Martin the Pole (or of Oppavia). Examining the character of the borrowings, their ideological stance, and their political opinions, the author reaches the conclusion that it was not the copy–and–paste technique frequently employed by the chroniclers, but their intentions that decide whether the resulting works should be treated as new entities, sometimes even forgeries.
作者的目的是增加对这个问题的理解,即从一个给定的编年史的放大副本(增强或发展的版本)到一个独立的作者实体的标志的边界在哪里。在这种情况下,出现了一个附带问题,即面对中世纪作者的做法和惯例,即编辑结束和伪造开始的地方,文本借用的可接受性。上述问题是在13世纪中期到15世纪25分之间的五篇史学文献的基础上讨论的。它们的共同点是它们与著名的《教皇和皇帝编年史》(由马丁·波勒(或奥帕维亚)撰写)有密切的联系。通过对借用作品的性质、思想立场和政治观点的分析,作者得出了这样的结论:不是编年史家经常使用的复制粘贴技术,而是他们的意图决定了由此产生的作品是否应该被视为新的实体,有时甚至是伪造品。
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引用次数: 0
Signposts on the Page: Reading Devotional Texts Through Scribal Signs and Symbols 页面上的路标:通过抄写符号和符号阅读灵修文本
Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.4467/00786500.org.21.003.14788
Monika Opalińska
Medieval authors used an elaborate system of tools and techniques to organize texts in a transparent and orderly way. Toward the beginning of the 13th century, scribes adopted some of the old tools and put them to use in new functions. These measures are discernible, inter alia, in pastoral works devised to aid the clergy to carry out their duties more effectively. The goal of this paper is to analyse how the techniques were used on a microscale – in short texts of doctrinal importance – to convey complex theological notions in a visually clear and practical way.
中世纪的作者使用一套复杂的工具和技术系统,以一种透明有序的方式组织文本。到13世纪初,文士们采用了一些旧工具,并将它们用于新的功能。这些措施是明显的,除其他外,在牧灵工作,旨在帮助神职人员更有效地履行其职责。本文的目的是分析如何在微观尺度上使用这些技术——在具有教义重要性的简短文本中——以视觉清晰和实用的方式传达复杂的神学概念。
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引用次数: 0
Was John B. Watson Inspired by Anna Wyczółkowska and Her Studies in the Mechanism of Speech? 约翰·b·沃森是受到安娜Wyczółkowska及其言语机制研究的启发吗?
Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.4467/00786500.org.21.001.14786
C. Domański
In 1913, an article by Anna Wyczółkowska entitled Theoretical and experimental studies in the mechanism of speech was published in the Psychological Review. It contains the results of her studies on internal speech and thought, which had been carried out by the author seven years earlier, in the psychological laboratory of the University of Chicago. John B. Watson was a participant in the study. Wyczółkowska believed that Watson was inspired by her research. Thanks to his participation, he gradually began to move away from his original interest in animal psychology, towards behaviourism. In his Behaviorist Manifesto published in the same year, Watson took, as one of the arguments for the rightness of his programme, the assumption that the thought process is really motor habits in the larynx, improvements, short cuts, changes, etc. According to Wyczółkowska, it was obviously inspired by her research. Her aforementioned article is still cited in the psychological literature today, and belongs to the canon of the most important early experimental studies in the field of research on thinking and speech processes. This text discusses the relationship between the research conducted by Wyczółkowska and some assumptions of behaviourism. Furthermore it presents the story of Wyczółkowska’s life, her scientific work, social commitment to women’s university education, and activities in the Polish American community.
1913年,Anna Wyczółkowska在《心理学评论》上发表了一篇题为《言语机制的理论与实验研究》的文章。它包含了作者七年前在芝加哥大学心理实验室进行的关于内部言语和思想的研究结果。John B. Watson是这项研究的参与者之一。Wyczółkowska认为沃森受到了她的研究的启发。由于他的参与,他逐渐开始从最初对动物心理学的兴趣转向行为主义。在同年出版的《行为主义宣言》(Behaviorist Manifesto)中,沃森将思维过程实际上是喉部的运动习惯、改进、捷径、变化等假设作为其程序正确性的论据之一。根据Wyczółkowska的说法,这显然是受到了她研究的启发。她的上述文章至今仍在心理学文献中被引用,并且属于思维和言语过程研究领域最重要的早期实验研究的经典。本文讨论了Wyczółkowska进行的研究与行为主义的一些假设之间的关系。此外,它还介绍了Wyczółkowska的生活故事,她的科学工作,对女子大学教育的社会承诺,以及在波兰裔美国人社区的活动。
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引用次数: 0
Le patrimoine scientifique des Invisibles. Reconsidérer les Petites–Mains au service de l’anatomie comparée au Muséum de Paris 隐形人的科学遗产。在巴黎博物馆重新考虑为解剖学服务的小手比较
Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.4467/00786500.org.21.005.14790
Olivier Vayron
Au sein du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle de Paris, les assistants naturalistes formaient une classe particulière au XIXe siècle. Ces employés produisaient une grande partie des collections de l’institution, contribuaient activement aux travaux des professeurs, et participaient même parfois à leur renommée. Néanmoins, ces assistants étaient plongés dans l’ombre des scientifiques, à tel point que nombre d’entre eux ont complètement disparu de la mémoire du Muséum. Dans certains cas, notamment pour les moulages d’après le vivant, leur travail est même attribué à de grandes personnalités, souvent à des professeurs. Les assistants naturalistes semblent historiographiquement peu étudiés; pourtant l’examen de ces employés à travers leurs productions matérielles permettrait de mieux comprendre l’histoire du Muséum et le développement de ses chaires.The Scientific Patrimony of the Invisibles: a Reconsideration of the Little Hands in the Service of Comparative Anatomy at the Muséum de ParisWithin the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle of Paris, the assistant naturalists of the 19th century formed a particular class. These employees produced a large part of the institution’s collections, actively contributed to the work of the professors, and sometimes even participated in their renown. Nevertheless, these assistants were engulfed in the shadows of the scientists, to such an extent that many of them have completely disappeared from the memory of the Museum. In some cases, especially for life casts, their work is even attributed to the great personalities, often to professors. Assistant naturalists appear to be under–studied; yet the examination of these employees through their material productions would allow a better understanding of the Museum’s history and the development of its departments.
在巴黎的国家自然历史博物馆,助理博物学家在19世纪形成了一个特殊的阶层。这些工作人员制作了学院的大部分藏品,积极为教授们的工作做出贡献,有时甚至为他们的声誉做出贡献。然而,这些助手被置于科学家的阴影之下,以至于他们中的许多人已经完全从博物馆的记忆中消失了。在某些情况下,特别是在活体铸造的情况下,他们的工作甚至归功于伟大的人物,通常是教授。博物学家助理在史学上似乎很少被研究;然而,通过这些员工的材料制作来检查他们,将有助于更好地了解博物馆的历史及其主席的发展。The Scientific圣母无形的地方:回顾了of The Little Hands in The Service of比较解剖学at The ParisWithin博物馆收藏的巴黎国立自然历史博物馆、伦敦The naturalists of The century的文化史和经理助理a具有一流的。这些员工制作了学院的大部分收藏,积极贡献了教授的工作,有时甚至参与了他们的声誉。然而,这些助手etaient在科学家的阴影中消失了,在博物馆的记忆中消失了。在某些情况下,特别是在生活中,他们的工作甚至归因于伟大的人格,通常是教授。助理博物学家似乎处于研究之下;但是,通过这些工作人员的材料制作来审查这些工作人员,将有助于更好地了解博物馆的历史及其各部门的发展。
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引用次数: 0
A BNCC E O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA: EM FOCO AS HABILIDADES DO CAMPO DE ATUAÇÃO JORNALÍSTICO-MIDIÁTICO BNCC与葡萄牙语教学:关注新闻媒体领域的技能
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.22456/2238-8915.113270
Rosana Maria Schmitt, Francieli Matzenbacher Pinton
Neste artigo, objetivamos verificar em que medida as habilidades da BNCC (Ensino Fundamental), componente curricular Língua Portuguesa, contemplam objetos de conhecimentos e contextos de aprendizagem que focalizam uma perspectiva de gêneros textuais/discursivos conforme indica a fundamentação pedagógica do documento. Para tanto, analisamos uma amostragem de 19 habilidades do campo de atuação jornalístico-midiático, à luz do sistema de transitividade (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014), com vistas a identificar a natureza dos processos cognitivos requeridos, a natureza dos participantes (objetos de conhecimento) e as circunstâncias (contexto da aprendizagem). Os resultados sinalizam que, de forma geral, as habilidades contemplam prioritariamente processos mentais, os quais demandam esforço cognitivo do aluno e requerem o domínio de objetos de conhecimento que contemplam, em alguma medida, os níveis linguístico e extralinguístico. Ademais, verificamos que as circunstâncias selecionadas evidenciam o contexto de aprendizagem e focalizam o texto/gênero em grande parte das habilidades, associando os conteúdos a contextos significativos. 
在这篇文章中,我们旨在验证BNCC(小学)的技能,葡萄牙语课程的组成部分,在多大程度上包括知识对象和学习环境,重点是文本/论述体裁的观点,正如文件的教学基础所表明的。为此,我们分析一个抽样19演技的新闻-midiático(韩礼德理论中的系统之光;MATTHIESSEN, 2014),以确定所需认知过程的性质,参与者(知识对象)的性质和环境(学习的背景)。结果表明,一般来说,技能主要包括心理过程,这需要学生的认知努力,并要求掌握知识对象,在某种程度上包括语言和语言外水平。此外,我们发现所选的环境突出了学习的背景,并在很大程度上关注了技能中的文本/体裁,将内容与有意义的背景联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
MONOLOGIA E DIALOGIA NO DISCURSO DE UMA PROFESSORA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA EM UM CONTEXTO ESCOLAR DE EJA 在成人教育的学校背景下,英语教师的演讲中的独白与对话
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.22456/2238-8915.113045
Luciane Kirchhof Ticks, Patricia Streppel Hartemink
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o discurso de uma professora de língua inglesa, a fim de identificar como estão materializadas léxico-gramaticalmente as ações dialógicas e monológicas, por ela adotadas, durante o desenvolvimento de uma aula da modalidade do Ensino de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Para analisar os dados, adotamos uma abordagem híbrida, fundamentada pelo conceito de dialogismo (BAKHTIN, 1981, 1986; SCOTT; MORTIMER; AGUIAR, 2005), procurando depreender as ações monológicas e dialógicas subjacentes ao discurso dessa professora, e salientando como essas ações são constituídas por significados ideacionais e interpessoais, com base na Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014; FUZER; CABRAL, 2014). A análise revelou que a professora equilibra ações discursivas: a) monológicas (11 ocorrências), caracterizadas por restrições à mediação, materializadas pelo uso de declarações e de processos verbais e relacionais; b) dialógicas (11 ocorrências), ao dar voz aos alunos, por meio de perguntas, materializadas por processos mentais, as quais os levam à reflexão sobre os temas abordados.   
这些研究的目的是分析演讲的英语老师,以识别材料咒语-gramaticalmente dialógicas辞典和monológicas,她采取了在开发过程中,一个年轻人和成人教育类方法(上面)。为了分析数据,我们采用了一种混合的方法,基于对话的概念(巴赫金,1981,1986;斯科特。莫蒂默;AGUIAR, 2005),试图从这位教师的话语中推断出单一的和对话的行为,并强调这些行为是如何由概念意义和人际意义构成的,基于系统功能语言学(韩礼德;生前,2014;是;卡布拉尔,2014)。分析表明,教师平衡了话语行为:A)单语行为(11次发生),其特征是对中介的限制,通过使用陈述、言语和关系过程具体化;b)对中介的限制b)对话(11个事件),通过提问让学生发声,通过心理过程具体化,引导他们对所讨论的主题进行反思。
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引用次数: 0
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Organon
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